Status of the LHCf experiment Alessia Tricomi University and INFN Catania on behalf of the LHCf...

Status of the LHCf experimentStatus of the LHCf experimentAlessia TricomiAlessia Tricomi

University and INFN CataniaUniversity and INFN Cataniaon behalf of the LHCf on behalf of the LHCf

CollaborationCollaboration

Physics at LHC 2008Physics at LHC 200829 September – 4 October, 200829 September – 4 October, 2008

Experiment goalsExperiment goals The LHCf detectorThe LHCf detector Physics Physics performancesperformances Towards data Towards data takingtaking

Alessia Tricomi Alessia Tricomi University & INFN Catan University & INFN Cataniaia

Status of the LHCf experiment Status of the LHCf experiment LHC Physics 2008, Split 29 Se LHC Physics 2008, Split 29 Sept.-4 Oct. 2008pt.-4 Oct. 2008

LHCf: modelling Cosmic Rays at LHCf: modelling Cosmic Rays at LHCLHC

Astrophysical parameters - source type - source distribution - source spectrum - source composition - propagation

AGASA x 0.9HiRes x1.2Yakutsk x 0.75Auger x1.2 (not enough)

Berezinsky 2007Berezinsky 2007

AGASA SystematicsAGASA SystematicsTotal Total ±18% ±18%Hadron interaction Hadron interaction (QGSJET, SIBYLL) (QGSJET, SIBYLL) ~10% ~10% (Takeda et al., (Takeda et al., 2003)2003)Difference in the energy Difference in the energy scale between different scale between different

experiments???experiments???

IRONIRON

PROTONPROTON

Unger, ECRS 2008Unger, ECRS 2008

Again different Again different interaction models lead to interaction models lead to different conclusions different conclusions about the composition of about the composition of the primary cosmic rays the primary cosmic rays and play a fundamental and play a fundamental rolerole



LHCf: modelling Cosmic Rays at LHCf: modelling Cosmic Rays at LHCLHC

Astrophysical parameters - source type - source distribution - source spectrum - source composition - propagation

LHCLHC

Forward Physics - cross section - particle spectra (E, P(E, PTT, , , , , X, XFF))

Nuclear Interaction - calibration with data of Monte Carlo used in Cosmic Ray Physics



Development of atmospheric Development of atmospheric showersshowers

LHCLHC

TevatronTevatron

A 100 PeV fixed-target A 100 PeV fixed-target interaction with air has interaction with air has the cm energy of a pp the cm energy of a pp collision at the LHCcollision at the LHC

AUGERAUGER

Cosmic ray spectrumCosmic ray spectrum

LHCf firstly proposed to use LHC, the LHCf firstly proposed to use LHC, the highest energy acceleratorhighest energy accelerator √s = 14 TeV √s = 14 TeV EElablab=10=101717 eV eV to calibrate MC simulation to calibrate MC simulation codecode

The dominant contribution to the The dominant contribution to the energy flux is in the energy flux is in the very forward very forward region (region ( 0)0)In this forward region the highest In this forward region the highest energy available measurements of energy available measurements of 00 cross section done by UA7 (E=10cross section done by UA7 (E=101414 eV, y= 5÷7)eV, y= 5÷7)

p 10p 101919 eV eV



But…But…

Charged particlesCharged particles

Neutral particlesNeutral particles

Beam pipeBeam pipe

General purpose detectors (ATLAS, CMS,…) cover only the central regionGeneral purpose detectors (ATLAS, CMS,…) cover only the central region

Special detectors to access forward particles are necessarySpecial detectors to access forward particles are necessary



How to access Very Forward How to access Very Forward Physics at LHC?Physics at LHC?



Beam pipeBeam pipe

Surrounding the beam pipe with Surrounding the beam pipe with detectorsdetectorsSimple way, but still miss very very Simple way, but still miss very very forward particlesforward particles




Beam pipeBeam pipe


Install detectors inside the Install detectors inside the beam pipebeam pipeChallenging but ideal for Challenging but ideal for charged particlecharged particle




Y shape chamber enables us whole neutral measurementsY shape chamber enables us whole neutral measurementsZero Degree CalorimetersZero Degree Calorimeters


Neutral particlesNeutral particlesBeam pipeBeam pipe


LHCf

LHCf



Pseudo rapidity in LHCPseudo rapidity in LHC

pseudorapidity: pseudorapidity: = - ln = - ln (tan(tan/2)/2)



LHCf locationLHCf location

Detectors installed in the TAN Detectors installed in the TAN region, 140 m away from the region, 140 m away from the Interaction Point 1Interaction Point 1

Here the beam pipe Here the beam pipe splits in 2 separate splits in 2 separate tubes.tubes.Charged particle are Charged particle are swept away by swept away by magnets!!!magnets!!!We will cover up to We will cover up to yy

IINTERACTION POINTNTERACTION POINT

IP1 (ATLAS)IP1 (ATLAS)

Beam Beam lineline

Detector IIDetector II

TungstenTungsten

ScintillatorScintillator

Silicon Silicon stripsstrips

Detector IDetector I

TungstenTungsten

ScintillatorScintillator

Scintillating Scintillating fibersfibers

140 m140 m 140 m140 m



Detector #1Detector #1

16 scintillator 16 scintillator layers (3 mm layers (3 mm

thick)thick)

Trigger and Trigger and energy profile energy profile measurementsmeasurements

AbsorberAbsorber

22 tungsten layers 22 tungsten layers 7mm – 14 mm 7mm – 14 mm thickthick

(W: X(W: X00 = 3.5mm, R = 3.5mm, RMM = = 9mm)9mm)

4 pairs of4 pairs of scintillating scintillating fiber layers fiber layers for for tracking purpose tracking purpose (6, 10, 32, 38 r.l.)(6, 10, 32, 38 r.l.)

EnergyEnergy

Impact point Impact point (())

2 towers 24 cm long 2 towers 24 cm long stacked vertically stacked vertically with 5 mm gapwith 5 mm gap

Lower: 2 cm x 2 cm Lower: 2 cm x 2 cm areaarea

Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm Upper: 4 cm x 4 cm areaarea



Detector # 2Detector # 2

4 pairs of 4 pairs of silicon microstrip silicon microstrip layerslayers (6, 12, 30, 42 r.l.) for tracking (6, 12, 30, 42 r.l.) for tracking purpose (X and Y directions)purpose (X and Y directions)

We used LHC styleWe used LHC styleelectronics and readoutelectronics and readout

16 scintillator 16 scintillator layers (3 mm layers (3 mm

thick)thick)

Trigger and Trigger and energy profile energy profile measurementsmeasurements

AbsorberAbsorber22 tungsten layers 22 tungsten layers 7mm – 14 mm 7mm – 14 mm thick (2-4 r.l.)thick (2-4 r.l.)

(W: X(W: X00 = 3.5mm, R = 3.5mm, RMM = = 9mm)9mm)

2 towers 24 cm long 2 towers 24 cm long stacked on their edges stacked on their edges and offset from one and offset from one anotheranother

Lower: 2.5 cm x 2.5 cmLower: 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm

Upper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cmUpper: 3.2 cm x 3.2 cm

EnergyEnergy

Impact pointImpact point (())



Double ARM DetectorsDouble ARM Detectors

Arm#1 DetectorArm#1 Detector Arm#2 DetectorArm#2 Detector90mm90mm290mm290mm



Detectors in placeDetectors in place

LHCfLHCf

Luminosity Luminosity Monitor (BRAN)Monitor (BRAN)

ATLAS ZDCATLAS ZDC

Installation performed in two phases:Installation performed in two phases:1.1. Pre-Installation (Jan/Apr 2007)Pre-Installation (Jan/Apr 2007) Baking out of the beam pipe (200 °C)Baking out of the beam pipe (200 °C)2.2. Final Installation (Jan 2008)Final Installation (Jan 2008)



Front CounterFront Counter 2 fixed Front Counters 2 fixed Front Counters

installed in front of installed in front of Arm1 and Arm2Arm1 and Arm2

They will not move They will not move with Arm1 and Arm2with Arm1 and Arm2

They are segmented They are segmented in 2 x and 2 y slicesin 2 x and 2 y slices

Very useful to check Very useful to check the beam quality and the beam quality and hence decide to move hence decide to move Arm1 and Arm2 in the Arm1 and Arm2 in the operating position operating position from the ‘garage’ from the ‘garage’ positionposition



LHCf Physics performanceLHCf Physics performance

1.1. Single photon spectrumSingle photon spectrum2.2. 00 fully reconstructed (1 fully reconstructed (1 in each tower) in each tower)

00 reconstruction is an important tool for reconstruction is an important tool for energy calibration (energy calibration (00 mass constraint) mass constraint)

Basic detector requirements: Basic detector requirements: minimum 2 towers (minimum 2 towers (00 reconstruction) reconstruction) Smallest tower on the beam (multiple hits)Smallest tower on the beam (multiple hits) Dimension of the tower Dimension of the tower Moliere radius Moliere radius Maximum acceptance (given the LHC Maximum acceptance (given the LHC

constraints)constraints)

SimulationSimulation Beam TestBeam Test

Unfortunately no LHC data still availableUnfortunately no LHC data still availableResults for the moment based on Results for the moment based on



LHCf single LHCf single geometrical geometrical acceptanceacceptance

Some runs with LHCf vertically shifted few cm Some runs with LHCf vertically shifted few cm allow to cover the whole kinematical rangeallow to cover the whole kinematical range



LHCf : Monte Carlo LHCf : Monte Carlo discriminationdiscrimination

101066 generated LHC interactions generated LHC interactions 1 Minute exposure@101 Minute exposure@102929 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1 luminosity luminosity Discrimination between Discrimination between various models various models is feasibleis feasible

Quantitative Quantitative discrimination discrimination with the help of a with the help of a properly defined properly defined 22 discriminating discriminating variable based on variable based on the spectrum the spectrum shape shape (see TDR for (see TDR for details)details)

5% Energy resolution5% Energy resolution



LHCf: model dependence of LHCf: model dependence of neutron energy distributionneutron energy distribution

Original n energyOriginal n energy 30% energy resolution30% energy resolution



New ModelsNew Models

Drescher, Physical Review D77, Drescher, Physical Review D77, 056003 (2008)056003 (2008)

PICCOPICCOEPOSEPOS

NeutronNeutron 00

ProtonProton2929



Energy Energy ResolutionResolution

Monte CarloMonte Carlo

SPS beam testSPS beam test

Energy distribution Energy distribution is corrected for is corrected for leakageleakagecorrectioncorrection

Distance from EdgeDistance from Edge

N P

art

icle

sN

Part

icle

s

MC predicts that the MC predicts that the leakage is energy leakage is energy independent!independent!



00 reconstruction reconstruction

9.15 m9.15 m

350 GeV Proton beam350 GeV Proton beam

Carbon target (6 cm)Carbon target (6 cm)in the slot used for beam monitorin the slot used for beam monitor Arm1Arm1

Not in scale!Not in scale!

>10>1077 proton on target (special setting from the SPS people) proton on target (special setting from the SPS people)

Dedicated trigger on both towers of the calorimeter has been usedDedicated trigger on both towers of the calorimeter has been used

(MeV)(MeV)

Prelim

inary!!!! 250 250 00 events events

triggered (in a triggered (in a quite huge quite huge background) and background) and on diskon disk

Main problems: Main problems: low photon energy (low photon energy (≥≥ 20 20

GeV) GeV) Direct protons in the Direct protons in the

towerstowers Multi hits in the same towerMulti hits in the same tower

Ex:Ex:m m ~ 8 MeV~ 8 MeVm/m m/m ~ 6%~ 6%Sim:Sim:m/m m/m ~ 5%~ 5%



Position Resolution X Side

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 50 100 150 200 250

Energy (GeV)

Re

so

luti

on

(m

icro

ns

)

Data

ARM2 Position ResolutionARM2 Position ResolutionN

um

ber

of

even

tN

um

ber

of

even

t

σσxx=40 =40 mm

x-pos[mm]

y-pos[mm]

200 GeV electrons

σσyy=64 =64 mm

Position Resolution Y Side

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

0 50 100 150 200 250

Energy (GeV)

Re

so

luti

on

(m

icro

ns

)Data



ARM2-Silicon Energy ARM2-Silicon Energy ResolutionResolution

E/E E/E ~~ 12% 12%

No No correction/calibratiocorrection/calibration appliedn applied

ADCADC

E nergy L inearity with S ilicon S ensors

y = 24,927x - 596,44

R2 = 0,994

0,00E+00

5,00E+02

1,00E+03

1,50E+03

2,00E+03

2,50E+03

3,00E+03

3,50E+03

4,00E+03

4,50E+03

5,00E+03

0 50 100 150 200 250

Energy (GeV)

En

erg

y M

ea

su

red

(a

.u.)

Data

Lineare (Data)

200 GeV electrons200 GeV electronsSPS beam test data SPS beam test data

Only silicon energy resolution Only silicon energy resolution ~ ~ 10%!!!!!10%!!!!!We can use it as a check for the We can use it as a check for the radiation damage of the radiation damage of the scintillators scintillators



Preparation for data Preparation for data takingtakingThe LHCf control room has been prepared and fully The LHCf control room has been prepared and fully

equipped in the Atlas areaequipped in the Atlas area



Dummy eventDummy event



Communications with LHCCommunications with LHC

Experimental status (On/Off, Gain, etc.)Experimental status (On/Off, Gain, etc.) Detector position (Garage/Operating, position in mm, etc.) Detector position (Garage/Operating, position in mm, etc.)

Luminosity rate (Single and Double Arm)Luminosity rate (Single and Double Arm)– Front Counter rate (single Arm, double Arm coincidence)Front Counter rate (single Arm, double Arm coincidence)– Small tower rate (single Arm)Small tower rate (single Arm)– Big tower rate (single Arm)Big tower rate (single Arm)– Double Arm coincidence rate (FC.AND.Towers in opposite Double Arm coincidence rate (FC.AND.Towers in opposite

sides)sides)

Horizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 Horizontal and Vertical position of the Beam (every 10000 events or in the whole RUN)events or in the whole RUN)

Injection InhibitInjection Inhibit Handshaking signals (Injection, Adjust, Beam Dump)Handshaking signals (Injection, Adjust, Beam Dump)

LHCf sends signals to LHC through the DIP system.LHCf sends signals to LHC through the DIP system.Link have been tested and it works fine!Link have been tested and it works fine!

Important for machine tuning! Important for machine tuning!



First data: 11 SeptemberFirst data: 11 September

Not very excitin

g Physics…

Not very excitin

g Physics…

But Ready fo

r Data Taking

But Ready fo

r Data Taking



LHCf: conclusions and plansLHCf: conclusions and plans

We need only to wait LHC We need only to wait LHC restart!restart!Hoping to answer all our Hoping to answer all our questionsquestionsand to help, thanks to our and to help, thanks to our excellent perfomances, excellent perfomances, EAS experiments to EAS experiments to interpret their datainterpret their data



Back-up slidesBack-up slides



The LHCf CollaborationThe LHCf Collaboration

ITALYITALYFirenze University and INFN:Firenze University and INFN: O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, O.Adriani,, L.Bonechi, M.Bongi, G.Castellini, R.D’Alessandro, G.Castellini, R.D’Alessandro, P.Papini, S. Ricciarini, A. VicianiP.Papini, S. Ricciarini, A. VicianiCatania University and INFN:Catania University and INFN: A.TricomiA.Tricomi

JAPAN:JAPAN:STE Laboratory Nagoya University:STE Laboratory Nagoya University:K.Fukui,Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Fukui,Y.Itow, T.Mase, K.Masuda,Y.Matsubara, H.Menjo,T.Sako, K.Masuda,Y.Matsubara, H.Menjo,T.Sako, K.Taki, H. WatanabeK.Taki, H. WatanabeWaseda University:Waseda University: K. Kasahara, M. Mizuishi, K. Kasahara, M. Mizuishi, Y.Shimizu, S.ToriiY.Shimizu, S.ToriiKonan University:Konan University: Y.Muraki Y.MurakiKanagawa University Yokohama: Kanagawa University Yokohama: T.TamuraT.TamuraShibaura Institute of Technology:Shibaura Institute of Technology: K. Yoshida K. Yoshida

SPAINSPAINIFIC Valencia:IFIC Valencia: A.Fauss, J.VelascoA.Fauss, J.Velasco

FRANCEFRANCEEcole Politechnique Paris:Ecole Politechnique Paris:M. HaguenauerM. Haguenauer

USAUSALBNL Berkeley:LBNL Berkeley:W. TurnerW. Turner

CERNCERND.Macina, A.L. PerrotD.Macina, A.L. Perrot



Cosmic Ray CompositionCosmic Ray Composition

XXmaxmax favors heavy favors heavy primary primary

Anisotropy Anisotropy favors light favors light primary primary (if accept AGN (if accept AGN correlation)correlation)



Cosmic Ray CompositionCosmic Ray Composition

QGSJET01QGSJET01

SIBYLL 2.1SIBYLL 2.1

Kascade ResultsKascade Results



ARM1: Maximization of ARM1: Maximization of the acceptance for the acceptance for vertical beam vertical beam displacement (crossing displacement (crossing angle>0)angle>0)

ARM2: Maximization ARM2: Maximization of the acceptance in R of the acceptance in R (distance from beam (distance from beam center)center)

Transverse projection in TAN Transverse projection in TAN slotslot



Detec

table

eve

nts

Detec

table

eve

nts

141400

Beam crossing Beam crossing angleangle

LHCf: acceptance on PLHCf: acceptance on PTT-E-E planeplane

A vertical beam crossing angle > 0 A vertical beam crossing angle > 0 increases the acceptance of LHCfincreases the acceptance of LHCf



QGSJETII: used modelQGSJETII: used modelQGSJET: QGSJET: 22/DOF=107/125/DOF=107/125DPMJET3: DPMJET3: 22/DOF=224/125/DOF=224/125SYBILL: SYBILL: 22/DOF=816/125/DOF=816/125

ray energy spectrum for different ray energy spectrum for different positionspositions



LHCf LHCf performances: performances: 00 geometrical geometrical acceptanceacceptance

Arm #1Arm #1

Arm #2Arm #2



Arm #1Arm #1DDE/E=5%E/E=5%200 200 mmm spatial resolutionm spatial resolution

DDm/m = 5%m/m = 5%

LHCf performances: LHCf performances: 00 mass mass resolutionresolution



00 spectra spectra

QGSJETIIQGSJETII ⇔ ⇔ DPMJET3χDPMJET3χ22= 106 (C.L. <10= 106 (C.L. <10-6-6)) ⇔ ⇔ SIBYLL χSIBYLL χ22= 83 (C.L. <10= 83 (C.L. <10-6-6))DPMJET3DPMJET3 ⇔ ⇔ SIBYLL χSIBYLL χ22= 28 (C.L.= 0.024)= 28 (C.L.= 0.024) 101077events DOF = 17-2=15events DOF = 17-2=15

pp00 produced at collision can be produced at collision can be extracted by using gamma pair extracted by using gamma pair eventseventsPowerful tool to calibrate the Powerful tool to calibrate the energy scale and also to energy scale and also to eliminate beam-gas BGeliminate beam-gas BG



raterate



The LPM effectThe LPM effect

Transition curve of a1 TeV photon w/ and w/o LPM Transition curve of a1 TeV photon w/ and w/o LPM to be measured by LHCfto be measured by LHCf

○ w/o LPM■ w/ LPM



Estimate of the backgroundEstimate of the background beam-beam pipebeam-beam pipe E E γγ(signal) > 200 GeV, OK(signal) > 200 GeV, OK background background < 1% < 1%

beam-gasbeam-gas It depends on the beam conditionIt depends on the beam condition

background background < 1% < 1% (under 10(under 10-10-10 Torr) Torr) beam halo-beam pipebeam halo-beam pipe It has been newly estimated from the beam loss rateIt has been newly estimated from the beam loss rate

background background < 10%< 10% (conservative value) (conservative value)



‘‘Analysis’ of Beam Gas eventsAnalysis’ of Beam Gas events

We got 116 FC triggers in 8.275.034 BPTX: NWe got 116 FC triggers in 8.275.034 BPTX: Ntt=116=1162.102.1099 protons/bunch protons/bunch

Total # of protons: NTotal # of protons: Npp=1.7 x 10=1.7 x 101616

We try to estimate the gas density We try to estimate the gas density from this rate: from this rate:

NNtt=N=Npp* L * * L * * * L=effective lenght L=effective lenght ~ 100 m~ 100 m=Cross section =Cross section ~ 80 mbarn = 80 x 10~ 80 mbarn = 80 x 10-31-31 m m22

We find: We find: = 8.5 x 10 = 8.5 x 101212 H/m H/m33 = 4.2 x 10 = 4.2 x 101212 H H22/m/m33

From the LHC Project Report #783: From the LHC Project Report #783: = 10 = 101212 H H22/m/m33

From the pressure measurement in April 2008: From the pressure measurement in April 2008: ~~ 10 101212 H H22/m/m33

~ ~ CONSISTENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!CONSISTENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!



Synchronization with AtlasSynchronization with Atlas To have the possibility to identify the events To have the possibility to identify the events

common with Atlas we implemented a common with Atlas we implemented a synchronization method based on the L1A signal synchronization method based on the L1A signal generated by Atlas. generated by Atlas.

We receive Atlas L1A and we store the time We receive Atlas L1A and we store the time stamp of this signal in our DAQ system.stamp of this signal in our DAQ system.

We can really correlate the Atlas events with the We can really correlate the Atlas events with the LHCf ones!LHCf ones!

Atlas Bunch ID – LHCf Bunch IdAtlas Bunch ID – LHCf Bunch Id



Beam parameters Beam parameters used for used for commissioning are commissioning are good for LHCf!!!good for LHCf!!!

Beam Beam parameterparameter

ValueValue

# of bunches# of bunches ≤ ≤ 4343

Bunch Bunch separationseparation

> 2 > 2 mmsecsec

Crossing Crossing angleangle

0 rad0 rad

140 140 mmrad rad downwarddownward

Luminosity Luminosity per bunchper bunch

< 2 x 10< 2 x 1028 28 cmcm-2-2ss-1-1

LuminosityLuminosity < 0.8 x 10< 0.8 x 1030 30 cmcm--

22ss-1-1

Bunch Bunch intensityintensity

4x104x101010 ppb ppb ((bb*=18m)*=18m)

1x101x101010 ppb ( ppb (bb*= *= 1m)1m)

Optimal LHCf run conditionsOptimal LHCf run conditions



SPS Beam TestSPS Beam Test

LHCf LHCf DetectorDetector

SiliconSilicon TrackerTracker

Moving TableMoving TableTrigger Trigger ScintillatorScintillator

CERN : SPS T2 H4CERN : SPS T2 H4 2006 Aug. 28 – Sep. 42006 Aug. 28 – Sep. 4 Incident ParticlesIncident Particles

–ProtonProton 　　 150,350 GeV/c150,350 GeV/c–Electron 50,100, 50,200 Electron 50,100, 50,200

GeV/cGeV/c–Muon 150 GeV/cMuon 150 GeV/c

SetupSetup

Test was very Test was very successful!!!successful!!!Analysis is under way Analysis is under way forfor

Energy calibration Energy calibration of the calorimetersof the calorimetersSpatial resolution Spatial resolution

of the tracking of the tracking systemssystems



Energy ResolutionEnergy ResolutionMonte CarloMonte Carlo

SPS beam testSPS beam test

Energy distribution Energy distribution is corrected for is corrected for leakageleakage

correctioncorrection

Distance from EdgeDistance from Edge

N P

art

icle

sN

Part

icle

s

MC predicts that the MC predicts that the leakage is energy leakage is energy independent!independent!



ARM1 Position resolutionARM1 Position resolution

σx[m

m]

σｙ

[mm

]

Nu

mb

er

of

even

tN

um

ber

of

even

t

x-pos[mm]

y-pos[mm] E[GeV]

E[GeV]

200 GeV electrons

σσxx=172 =172 mmmm

σσyy=159 =159 mmmm



Radiation Damage StudiesRadiation Damage Studies

30 kGy30 kGy

• Expected dose: 100 Gy/day at 10Expected dose: 100 Gy/day at 103030 cmcm-2-2ss-1-1

• Few months @ 10Few months @ 103030 cm cm-2-2ss-1-1: 10 kGy: 10 kGy• 50% light output50% light output• Continous monitor and calibration Continous monitor and calibration with with Laser system!!!Laser system!!!

Scintillating fibers and scintillatorsScintillating fibers and scintillators

Status of the LHCf experiment Alessia Tricomi University and INFN Catania on behalf of the LHCf...

Documents

Transcript of Status of the LHCf experiment Alessia Tricomi University and INFN Catania on behalf of the LHCf...