Status of soil, climate and digital mapping information in...

Republic of Serbia

Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection

1st Interim Meeting of the REAWG on ANC, Andrevlje 29.6-1.7.2016.

Status of soil, climate and

digital mapping

information in Serbia

Dragana Vidojević

Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection of the Republic of

Serbia –Environmental Protection Agency, Ruže Jovanovića St. 27a,

11160 Belgrade, [email protected];

Jovica Vasin

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 30 Maksima Gorkog St.

21000 Novi Sad, [email protected]

Nenad Marković

PC „Srbijašume“, 113, Mihajlo Pupin Boulevard,

11070 New Belgrade, [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Republic of Serbia



Serbian team

Republic of Serbia



- The Republic of Serbia is located in

southeastern Europe in the heart of the

Balcan Peninsula.

- Large heterogeneity in geological substrate,

climate, vegetation cover and soil fauna had

resulted in the formation of a large variety

of soil types.

- The area of Serbia was divided into nine

edaphic-climatic regions.

- Each region includes several soil types

whose combination defines the general

characteristics of these regions.

Republic of Serbia



Climate

Mean annual air temperature for

the 1981-201О base period

Average precipitation totals for

the 1981-2010 base period - Moderate-continental with more

or less pronounced local

characteristics.

- The mean annual air temperature

across much of Serbia (at 22

principal meteorological

stations) range between 11°С

and 12°С

- The mean annual precipitation

sums across Serbia are in a range

from 557 mm in Kikinda up to

1,018 mm on Zlatibor Mountain.

Republic of Serbia



Soil degradation

- Soil erosion (of various degrees) affects about 80 % of agricultural soil.

- In the central and hilly-mountainous regions water erosion is predominant.

- In the Vojvodina province in the north of Serbia,

eolic erosion prevails, affecting approximately 85% of the agricultural soil.

- A number of conservation measures have been defined in agriculture as

well as a related law aiming the protection of agricultural land from the

harmful effects of erosion (Law on Agricultural Soil, Articles 18, 19 and 20).

- Soil quality is also affected by uncontrolled and inadequate dumping of

waste and by contamination stemming from industrial complexes.

Republic of Serbia



Land use

- Based on the statistical data for 2014, utilized agricultural area covers 3,506,830

ha or 45.2 % of the total territory of the country (Statistical Yearbook of the

Republic of Serbia, 2015).

Arable land (ha) Permanent grassland (ha) Permanent plantations (ha)

Cereals 1,819,188

Meadows 381,654

Fruit plantations 163,310Pulses 7,830

Potatoes, early and late 51,987

Vineyards 22,150Sugar beet 64,112

Industrial crops 346,524

Vegetables, melons and

strawberries52,680

Pastures 331,588

Nurseries 1,531Flowers 343

Fodder crops 242,041

Other crops on arable land1,713 Other permanent

plantations524

Fallow land 19,655

Total 2,606,073 Total 713,242 Total 187,515

Agricultural land – statistical data for 2014 (ha)

Republic of Serbia



Utilized agricultural land (%)

74,3%

0,1%

20,3%

0,6% 4,7%

Arable fields and gardens Other agricultural land Permanent grassland

Vinyards Fruit plantation

Republic of Serbia



CORINE Land Cover 2012

Corine Land Cover 2012

211 Non-irrigated arable land

221 Vineyards

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations

231 Pastures

242 Complex cultivation patterns

243 Land principally occupied by agriculture

with significant areas of natural vegetation

321 Natural grasslands

Categories/CLC classes2012

ha %

AGRICULTURAL AREAS

211 Non-irrigated arable land 2,173,145 28.01

221 Vineyards 10,417 0.13

222 Fruit trees and berry plantations 24,248 0.31

231 Pastures 165,578 2.13

242 Complex cultivation patterns 992,857 12.80

243 Land principally occupied by agriculture with significant areas of

natural vegetation 948,246 12.22

Sub-total 4,314,491

FORESTS AND SEMINATURAL AREAS

321 Natural grasslands 205,013 2.64

Grand Total 4,519,504 58.24

There is a significant difference in land use

statistical data and data from Corine Land Cover

2012 data base.

Republic of Serbia



Altitudinal zonation of agricultural land and natural grasslands

Altitude (m) ha km2 %

0-200 2,618,749 26,187 33.75

200-400 920,139 9,201 11.86

400-600 411,141 4,111 5.30

600-800 213,331 2,133 2.75

800-1000 130,756 1,308 1.69

1000-1200 128,567 1,286 1.66

1200-1400 64,024 640 0.83

1400-1600 21,374 214 0.28

1600-1800 9,350 93 0.12

1800-2000 1,931 19 0.02

>2000 143 1 0.00

Total 4,519,503 45,195 58.24

Altitudinal zonation of agricultural land was calculated using Digital

Elevation Model (DEM)

Republic of Serbia



Analyses of the national capacities for

data management

Republic of Serbia



Institutional Framework

• The Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection

– The Directorate for Agricultural Land

– The Directorate for Water

– The Forestry Directorate

– SEPA

• The Sector for Rural Development within the Ministry of Agriculture and

Environment Protection includes the Department for Rural Development

• The Directorate for Agrarian Payments

• The Provincial Secretariat for Agriculture, Water Management and Forestry

• The Republic Hydrometeorological Service (RHMS)

• The Republic Geodetic Authority

Republic of Serbia



National policy assessments and policy

recommendations

Republic of Serbia



Legal Framework

• Law on Agriculture and Rural Development (OGRS, No. 41/09, 10/13)

• Law on Agricultural Soil (OGRS, No. 62/06, 65/08-other low, 41/09 and

112/15)

• Law on Incentives in Agriculture and Rural Development (OGRS, No.

10/13, 142/14, 103/15

• Law on Environmental Protection (OGRS, No 135/04, 36/09, 36/09-other

low, 72/09-other low, 43/11 decision adopted by the Constitutional Court

and 14/16)

• Law on State Administration (OGRS, No. 79/05, 101/07, 95/10, 99/14),

• Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development of the Republic of Serbia

for the period 2014-2024 (OGRS, No. 85/2014)

• The National Strategy for Sustainable Development (OGRS, No. 57/2008)

• The National Strategy for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Goods

(OGRS, No. 33/2012)

Republic of Serbia



Status of Soil Data

Republic of Serbia



Republic of Serbia



Limited soil

drainage

Areas which are water logged for significant duration of the year

Wet within 80 cm from the surface for over 6 months, or

wet within 40 cm for over 11 months OR

Poorly or very poorly drained soil OR

Gleyic colour patter within 40 cm from the surface

Cartographic units representing soil surfaces which belong to Eugley, Pseudogley, and

specific mapping units belonging to Fluvisol soil types will be selected from the

Digitalized Soil map of Serbia.

Republic of Serbia



Analytical data on soil depth for the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia don`t

exist.

Cartographic units representing soil surfaces which belong to Lithosol soil types, and

certain lower level units classified according to national soil classification system as

Rendzina, Terra Rosa and Cambisols will be selected from the Digitalized Soil Map of

Serbia.

Shallow rooting depth Depth (cm) from soil surface to coherent hard rock or hard pan ≤30cm

Republic of Serbia



Unfavourable soil texture and stoniness Coarse material (volume

%) fractions

≥15% of the topsoil is coarse material,

including rock outcrop, boulders

Analytical data on content o coarse material (stone and gravel) for the entire territory

of the Republic of Serbia don`t exist.

Cartographic units representing soil surfaces which belong to Lithosol soil types, and

certain lower level units classified according to national soil classification system as

Rendzina, Terra Rosa and Cambisols will be selected from the Digitalized Soil Map of

Serbia.

Republic of Serbia



Unfavourable soil texture and stoniness Relative abundance of

silt, sand

Texture class in half or more (cumulatively)

of the 100 cm from the soil surface is sand,

loamy sand defined as:

Silt%+(2xclay%)≤30%

Analytical data on texture of the soil surface for the entire territory of the Republic of

Serbia are not available.

This type of information will be derived from the cartographic units classified as

Arenosol soil type, and at certain lower level units as Regosols and Fluvisols will be

selected from the Digitalized Soil map of Serbia.

Further fields check-ups may be done, depending on funding resources.

Republic of Serbia




clayTopsoil texture class is heavy clay (≥60%)

Analytical data on texture of the soil surface for the entire territory of the Republic of

Serbia are not available.

But, this handicap for the ANC project could be resolved either by identifying the

clayey soils from the soil map of Serbia looking at Vertisols (locally known as Smonitzas)

or at soils with vertic properties.

Moreover, the Serbia team propose to lower the clay % value

from 60 to 50.

Republic of Serbia




organic matter

Organic soil (organic matter≥30%) of at

least 40 cm

According to the analysis of the soil map, the soils of Serbia store 695.31 x 1012g (Tg)

of organic carbon at 0-30 cm and 1142.42 x 1012 g (Tg) at 0-100 cm. The map of soil

organic carbon distribution is available to the depths of 0-30 cm. National estimates of the

content and spatial distribution of soil organic carbon in topsoil are available for different

land use categories.

According to the analysis of 96,011 soil data from the State Soil Fertility control

program, the average rate of Soil Organic Matter (SOM) expressed as humus content in the

top 30 cm of the agricultural soils is 3.4 %. Only 4.3 % of samples has the rate of soil

organic matter beyong 6 %.

Nevertheless, the ANC methodology, as far as the SOM is considered, do not require

data for soils with less than 30 % SOM. This information will be derived from the consider

Digitalized Soil Map of Serbia for the soil mapping units classified as Histosols.

Republic of Serbia


Soil organic matter in agricultural soil to the

depth of 0-30 cm (%)


Republic of Serbia



Poor chemical propertiesPresence of salts and exchangeable

sodium

Salinity: ≥ 4 deci-Siemens per meter (dS/M) in topsoil

Sodicity: ≥ 6 Exchangeable Sodium Percentage

(ESP) in half or more (cumulatively) of the 100

cm of soil surface layer

No analytical data are available either for soil salinity nor sodicity for the entire

territory of the Republic of Serbia.

This information will be derived from the soils classified as Solonchaks and Solonetz,

and in certain cases by the lower level units such with saline subtypes mixed with

Fluvisols, Eugley, Humogley (Hydromorphic Black soil).

This information will be derived from the Digitalized Soil map of

Serbia.

Solonchak

Solonetz

Republic of Serbia



Poor chemical properties Excessive acidity Soil Acidity: ≤ 5pH (in water) in topsoil

The starting point for defining the areas with acidity problems will the cartographic

units belonging to Dystric Cambisols that will be selected from the Digitalized Soil map

of Serbia. However, the large majority of this soil type is most frequently found among

forest soils (not agricultural).

Constructing a map based on the results of analyses in the framework of soil fertility

control in the forthcoming period would be a better methodology for the identification and

delineation of the ANCs based on acidity.

According to the analysis of 90,515 soil data from the State Soil Fertility control

program conducted in 2015, 6.86 % of analised samples have a pH≤5 (in water).

Soil acidity map (pH in water) is under preparation and the data processing will take

some time until the map will be available after data quality control and assurance process.

However, the soil acidity map (pH in nKCl) is available for the agricultural land of the

whole therritory of Serbia.

Republic of Serbia



Poor chemical properties Excessive acidity Soil Acidity: ≤ 5pH (in water) in topsoil

pH value of agricultural soil to the depths of

0-30 cm

Republic of Serbia



Status of Climate Data

Republic of Serbia



Available data

• Republic Hydro-Meteorological Service of Serbia (RHMZ)

• Meteorological Yearbooks (pdf)

• Daily values for minimal, maximal and average air

temperature and precipitation in digital format

• Potential evapotranspiration (PET), needed for calculation of

aridity index (i.e. dryness), is calculated by RHMZ using the

Hargreaves method

Republic of Serbia



Monthly values publidhed in Meteorological

Yearbooks • Air Pressure (mb) (7; 14; 21; average) **

• Air Temperature (0C) (min., max., ampl.; min 5cm; 7-14-21, average) **

• Vapor pressure (mb) (7-14-24; Average) **

• Relative Humidity (%) (7-14-24; Average; min) **

• Wind (m/s) (Average; >6B; <6B) ** (7-14-24; Average) for daily values

• Insolation (h) **

• Cloudiness (in 1/10) (7-14-24; Average) **

• Precipitation (mm) (Sum; Max; Day) **

• Snow (cm) **

• Number of Days with

– Tmin <= -10

– Tmax <0

– Tmin <0

– Tmax >=25

– Tmax >=30

– Tmin >=20

– Cloudiness (<2 and >8)

– Precipitation >= (0,1; 1; 10)

– Frequency of directions and mean wind speed (m/s)

Spatial positions of the main and minor

meteorological stations

Republic of Serbia



Status of Geographical Information

System (GIS) data

Republic of Serbia



Projection

• GIS data for the territorial

and administrative division

of the Republic of Serbia

are available in ESRI shape

file compatible vector

format in former nationally

used projection with

parameters listed on the

right, but can be easily re-

projected in WGS 1984

GCS or WGS 1984 UTM

Zone 34N which is the new

official projection for the

Republic of Serbia.

Projection: Transverse_MercatorFalse_Easting: 7500000,000000False_Northing: 0,000000Central_Meridian: 21,000000Scale_Factor: 0,999900Latitude_Of_Origin: 0,000000Linear Unit: Meter (1,000000)

Geographic Coordinate System: GCS_Bessel_1841Angular Unit: Degree (0,017453292519943299)Prime Meridian: Greenwich (0,000000000000000000)

Datum: D_Bessel_1841Spheroid: Bessel_1841

Semimajor Axis: 6377397,155000000300000000Semiminor Axis: 6356078,962818188600000000Inverse Flattening: 299,152812799999990000

Republic of Serbia



The territorial and administrative division of

Serbia1. NUTS* 1 – Regions (2 in total)

– Serbia North

– Serbia South

2. NUTS 2 – Regions (5 in total)

– Region of Belgrade

– Vojvodina (Also administrative Province)

– Region of Šumadija and Western Serbia

– Region of Southern and Eastern Serbia

– Kosovo and Metohija (Also administrative Province)

3. NUTS 3 – Areas (30 in total)

4. Administrative districts (29 in total)

5. Towns / Cities (24 in total)

6. Municipalities / City municipalities (198 in total)

7. Settlements (6158)

Further territorial division in cadastral sense is as follows:

8. Cadastral Municipalities

9. Parcels

Municipalities and Cadastral Municipalities

Republic of Serbia



Digital terrain model

• The digital terrain model and the layers of slope and

exposition will be derived from the Digital Elevation Model

(DEM)

• Resolution and precision of DEM:

– 2 m in lowlands and 6-7 m in highlands (VGI)

– 1 Arc SECOND (approximately 20-30 m)

DEM(s) 1 Arc SECOND

Republic of Serbia



Land Cover and Land Use Map

• Land cover map of Serbia is available in CORINE

methodology (2012)

• The land use map of the Republic of Serbia does not exist at

the present time and it could be generated after the cadastral

parcels are completely digitized and their usage is defined.

Nevertheless, this does not restrict the delineation of the

ANCs, as the areas of interest for the ANC project will be

derived from the CORINE land use/land cover cartography

Republic of Serbia



Data gaps, problems, and solutions

Republic of Serbia



• There is a significant difference in land use statistical data and data

from Corine Land Cover 2012 data base.

• If the daily climate data will not be available, the monthly data

derived from the Meteorological Yearbooks will be used

• Soil acidity map is yet under construction and data processing may

take take some time until the map will be available, obviously after

data passing the quality control and assurance process.

• Soil map needs topological verification before being used for

defining the ANCs.

• In practice Serbia has a limited number of examples of good

practice with the mechanisms for horizontal and multi-stakeholder

coordination. Efficient horizontal coordination functions mostly

through personal contacts among civil servants.

Republic of Serbia



Provision of recommendations for improved data

management in the context of the Areas with the

Natural Constraints

• Better cooperation and communication among the national

institutions responsible for the production of data needed for

the ANC project

• Exchanging the experiences in collecting and managing the

data between the national teams involved in the project will

have a crucial significance in further work.

• Therefore, more meetings of the national teams are hereby

suggested.

Republic of Serbia



Thank you for your attention!

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