Status of DA NE upgrade project C. Biscari for the DA NE team Napoli -19 september 2005.
Status of DA F NE upgrade project
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Transcript of Status of DA F NE upgrade project
Status of DANE upgrade project
C. Biscari for the DANE team
Napoli -19 september 2005
DANE today
Lpeak = 1.53 cm-2 sec-1
Integrated luminosity = 9.4 pbarn-1
16 September
430 nbarn-1/hour -> 10 pbarn-1 per day
KLOE
FINUDA
SIDDHARTA
SRFF ?
TODAY 2008?
Starting point for the accelerator
Energy (cm) (GeV) 1.02 2.4
Integrated Luminosity per year (ftbarn-1) 8
Total integrated luminosity 20 3
Peak luminosity > (cm-1sec-2) 8 1032 1032
Collider e+ e-
• It is not possible to meet all the requirements of the collider with present DANE hardware
• 3 to 4 years from To (project approval) needed for R&D, designing, constructing, testing, installing new components
• 1 year commissioning at low luminosity
2006 To - Design
2007 Design + Construction
2008 Construction + Delivery
2009 Delivery + Decommissioning + Installation
2010 First beam
2011 First beam to 1st experiment
Do we need to modify completely DANE?
Even if the possibility to run also at the Φ-energy is taken into account, optimizing the performance in the low energy range is not considered
July 2005
Possibility of upgrading the energy in DANE up to 2.4 GeV
• IR• Dipoles• Splitters• Vacuum chamber• Control system• Diagnostics• Ancillary systems
(Injection at 510 MeV keeping the present injection chain)
Minimum modifications needed for energy upgrade
Different considerations with respect to G-63are necessary
to increase luminosity at – energyof one order of magnitude
* *4coll
x y
f N NL
coll b of N f
* * * *x y x x y
Total current
Rf frequencyCrossing angle
x
y
Damping time
Bunch length
coll b of N f
* * * *x y x x y
Total current
Rf frequencyCrossing angle
Bunch length
Now New
Frf (MHz) 368 500
Bunch spacing (cm) 84 60
Bunch spacing (nsec) 2.5 1.8
h 120 165
Nb 110 150
Itot (A) 1.3+ 1.8 - 2.5
Vmax (MV) 0.25 1.5
c max 0.04 0.08
I Boussard (mA) 1 15
l (cm) @ 15 mA 2-3 1Lower impedance, higher E/E, higher c
* *4coll
x y
f N NL
* * * *x y x x y x
y
Damping time
2 2
2
e e
e
xx
xx x y
y yy x
xy x y
r rN N
r N
Beam-beam tune shift
Now New
N (1010 ) 2.4 – 3.3 3.4 - 3.4
I (A) 1.3 – 1.8 2.5 - 2.5
x ( rad) 0.4 0.3
x ( m ) 1.8 1
y ( cm ) 1.8 1
L (cm) 2 - 3 1
(% ) 1.5 1
d ( msec ) 37 12
I2 ( m-1 ) 10 30
Uo ( keV ) 9 27
P ( kW ) 9 x 5A 27 x 2.5A
New IR, shorter bunch length, new RF,Lower impedance (e-)
Shorter damping time, shielded pc, new IR
New wigglers
4
232
2
3e
o
r EU I
mc
New vacuum system
New rf system, higher c, new lattice
How all these parameters fit in a single machine
• One IR• Same detector for all experiments• Flexibility of lattice, all independent quads• New normal conducting dipoles (as in G63)• New sc wigglers• New sc rf system• New layout and vacuum chamber• Upgraded injection system
Future upgrades
•Strong rf focusing – L, y in the mm range.
•Ring layout not preventing the possibility of installing harmonic and powerful cavity – test can be done in DANE in 2007-2008
(http://www.lnf.infn.it/conference/sbsr05/)
•Increase by a factor 4 the luminosity with the same current
IR design
KLOE detector for all experiments
Energy (GeV) 0.51 1.2
Bdet (T) 0.4 0.2
BL (Tm) 1.68 0.84
rot (°) 28.3 6.0
Transverse plane rotation:Quadrupole rotation different
for different energies and/or Bdet
Use of SC low beta quads with skew windings
No need of mechanical rotation
Technology already used in HERA, BEPC, CESR
Strong R&D for ILC
10°
Q1
Q2
IR design parameters
Energy (GeV) 0.51 0.51 1.2 1.2 Quadrupole Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Magnetic length (m) 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 Distance from IP (m) 0.60 1.20 0.60 1.20 K1 (m
-1) 7.6 3.6 7.7 3.7 G (T/m) 12.92 6.12 30.80 14.80 Alfa rot (°) 4.04 8.1 0.86 1.8 Ksk (m
-1) 1.07 1.00 0.23 0.23 Gsk (T/m) 1.82 1.70 0.92 0.93 Bending angle (mrad) 1.6 8 0 3.2 Bdip (gauss) 70 344 0 324
IR optical functions
E = 0.51 GeVx* = 1 my* = 1 cmcross = 15 mrad
E = 1.2 GeVx* = 1 my* = 2 cmcross = 12 mrad
Parasitic crossing Beam – Beam tune shift
E = 0.51 GeVBunch spacing 60 cm
In the first 1.5 m : 5 pc (every 30 cm)
E = 1.2 GeVBunch spacing 3 mFirst pc after 1.5 m
2
2
2
2
pc e xx
ypc ey
Nr
x
Nr
x
0.051
0.051x
y
0.010
0.012x
y
Synchrotron radiation integrals
2 2
3 3
4 3
22
5 3
1 2
' ' / 2
dsI
dsI
n DI ds
D D DI ds
Emittance - I2, I4, I5Damping time - I2Energy spread - I3, I4Natural bunch length - I3, I4Emitted power - I2
Choice of lattice, dipoles, wigglers
4
232
2
3e
o
r EU I
mc
Damping time and radiation emission
4
232
2
3e
o
r EU I
mc
32
1
x
CE I
C
Energy emitted per turn
Damping time
In DAFNE now: I2 = 9.5 m-1 , Uo = 9 keV, x = 37 msec
I2 = 4.5 dipoles + 5 wigglers
1.8 T Dipole Magnet, POISSON simulation
DIPOLES
Dipoles per ring 12
B (T) 0.77 – 1.8
(m) 2.22
Gap (cm) 3
Angle (°) 26.6(5) 33.3(5) 37.3(1) 22.6(1)
Magnetic length (m) 1.03 (5) 1.29 (5) 1.45 (1) 0.88 (1)
Current (A) 150, 430
Choice of normal conducting dipoles
Maximum field: 1.8 T @1.2 GeV
I2 = 2.8 m-1
Wigglers are needed to increase radiation and make beam stronger against instabilities
by decreasing damping time
Once decided the damping time, I2 is defined:
In our case:
x (@510 MeV) = 13 msec : I2 = 26 m-1 Lw = 6.5 @ B = 4 T
With same wigglers and scaled dipoles @1.2GeV: x =5 msec I2 = 6.5 m-1
2
2
1
2 w
Bi L
B
Why wigglers are important?
• To achieve the short damping times and ultra-low beam emittances needed in LC Damping Rings
• To increase the wavelength and/or brightness of emitted radiation in synchrotron light sources
• To increase radiation damping and control emittance in colliders
E. Levichev
Recent progress in wiggler technology
Operating experiences:CESRc, ELETTRA, CAMD
R&D in progress:ILC, ATF, PETRA3, …
Emittance2
52
2 4
55
32 3x
IE
mc mc I I
Dispersion
I5
W W
D D D
Wigglers in dispersive zones increase I5 and emittance depending on and D functions.
Wigglers in non-dispersive zones increase I2 and lower emittance
Wigglers influence beam parameters and dynamics:
Change the radiation integrals
Non-linear effects: affecting dynamic aperture, lifetime, beam-beam behavior
The non linear effects are enhanced if the bunch has large transverse dimensions : Large beta functions and dispersion.
Placing wigglers in a non-dispersive zone with low betas minimizes non linear kicks.
Good field region centered around wiggler axis
Trajectory centered on wiggler axis, independently of E and B
Trajectory position with respect to wiggler axis, depends on E and B
Usual wiggler design: odd # poles CESRc design: even # poles
E = 0.51 GeV
E = 1.2 GeV
B = 4 T B = 4 T
Choice of wiggler shape
Choice of pole length, w
Once defined Ltotal and Bmax
Radiation, emittance, energy spread are determined
Transverse non-linearities:
increase with w
Longitudinal non-linearities:
decrease with w
Energy spread – bunch length – rf system
2 22 3
2 42qE
q
CIC
E I I
2c cE EL
s o
c Ec
E heV E
More radiation –larger energy spread – longer bunch
Bunch length can be shortenedby increasing h, V
Natural bunch length and energy spread at low current are definedby the magnetic lattice, the momentum compaction and the rf system
Short bunch length at high current:• Low impedance
• High c
• High voltage
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
50 100 150 200 250 300
FWHM/2.35 (1.5 mA)
FWHM/2.35 (9 mA)
FWHM/2.35 (19 mA)
V [kV]
FWHM/2.3548 [cm]
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Measurements 2000Simulation 1998Measurements 2004
I [mA]
FWHM/2.3548 [cm]
2/2
/c E l
th
E e EI
Z n
Above the microwave instability current thresholdL increases with the current, not depending on c
MEASUREMENTS ON DANE
RF system
A possible candidate cavity
500 MHz SC cavity operating at KEKB
Higher frequencies – lower acceptanceLower frequencies – higher voltage
R&D on SC cavities with SRFF experiment in DAFNE
10
100
1000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
tau (sec) @0.51tau (sec) @1.2
tau (sec)
V (MV)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
sigs (mm)@0.51sigs (mm)@1.2
L
(mm)
V (MV)
Touschek beam lifetime and natural bunch lengthas a function of rf voltage (energy acceptance)
E (GeV) 0.51 1.2
E/E (10-4) 6.1 8.4
c 0.08 0.04
High currents
NOW: I- = 1.8 A I+ = 1.3 A routinelyMaximum stored current: I- = 2.4 A I+ = 1.5 A
Experience in Feedbacks Going to 2.5 A – no expected difficulties for e-While e-cloud limiting e+ R&D in progress, simulations, possible cures, possibility of Ti coating DANE vacuum chamber
Maximum e- currentStored in any accelerator
N-NEnergy per beam E GeV 0.51 1.2
Circumference C m 100 100
Luminosity L cm-2 sec-1 8 1032 1032
Current per beam I A 2.5 0.5
N of bunches Nb 150 30
Particles per bunch N 1010 3.1 3.4
Emittance mm mrad 0.3 0.6
Horizontal beta* x m 1 1
Vertical beta* y cm 1 2
Bunch length L cm 1 2
Coupling % 1 1
Energy lost per turn Uo (keV) 25 189
H damping time x (msec) 13 5
Beam Power Pw (kW) 62 (55w + 7d) 94.6 (42w + 53d)
Power per meter Pw/m (kW/m) 8.6w + 0.5d 8.4w + 3.8d
Two ringsOne IR
SKETCH OF NEW LAYOUT
DAFNE HALL
KLOE
Rf cavitieswigglers
Optical functions at - energy
IP
Wigglers
injection tuning
IR + section for background minimization
DIPOLE 180° Phase advance between last dipole and QF in IR .
Particles produced inthe dipole will pass near the axis in the quadrupole, and wontbe lost
Scrapers along the ring to stop particles produced elsewhere
Beam direction
Optical functions at 1.2 GeV
Cryogenic system
• KLOE solenoid
• Two compensators
• 4 low beta quads
• 6 wigglers
• 2 rf cavities
Injection system
•Linac + Accumulatore OK •Doubling transfer lines for optimizing <L>•New kickers (R&D in progress)•Ramping for high energy option
To be studied the possibility of using on – energy injection for the HE and compatibility with SPARXINO
The High Luminosity option needs continuous injection
STUDIES FOR NEW DAFNE INJECTION KICKERSSTUDIES FOR NEW DAFNE INJECTION KICKERS
present pulse length ~150nst t
VT VT
Schematic of the present injection kicker system and kicker structure
2 kickers for each ring ~ 10mradBeam pipe radius = 44 mmKicker length = 1m
aimed FWHM pulse length ~5.4 ns
E=510 Mev# of bunches=120(max)Stored current=1.5-2.0A
K
K
K
K
Courtesy ofD. AlesiniF. Marcellini
Lf - 2L=LB=4z inj140mm
Lr+Lf=2DB 1.6m
Let’s assume: Lr/c=300ps
L 680mmLf/c = 5ns
GENERATOR REQUIREMENTS ((ΘΘnormnorm=0.69mrad.MeV/cm/kV)=0.69mrad.MeV/cm/kV)
t
VIN
Lf /c
Lr /c
Generator pulse shape
Lr /c
Beam energy 510 MeV
Angle of deflection 6 mrad
Stripline length 68 cm
Stripline radius (optimized covarage angle) 30 mm
Required voltage from pulse generator ~65 kV
Average power (max rep. rate 50Hz) 24.5 W
Pulser output current 1400A
t(2L+Lr)/c
(Lf-2L)/c=LB/c
Deflect
ing
volt
ag
e V
T
(2L+Lr)/c
2DB
EVALUATION OF THE KICKER LENGTH (L) EVALUATION OF THE KICKER LENGTH (L) AND THE PULSE SHAPE (Lf , Lr)AND THE PULSE SHAPE (Lf , Lr)
Lf - 2L=LB=0L 750mmLf/c = 5ns
Stripline length 75 cm
Required voltage from pulse generator
~45 kV
Neglecting the bunch length...Neglecting the bunch length...
Courtesy ofD. AlesiniF. Marcellini
Injection systemupgrade
• The proposed
transfer lines pass
in existing
controlled area
• Additional
shielding needed
in the area
between the
accumulator and
DAFNE buildings
new e- line
new e+ line
Use of DAFNE2 as Synchrotron light source
Energy (GeV) 0.51 1.2
Current (A) 2.5 0.5
B dipoles (T) 0.77 1.8
B wigglers (T) 4. 4.
New scenarios
Tentative costs:
41 M euroincluding IVA
+ 10% contingency
40868800
The option foronly energy upgrade:About 22 M eurodifference due toWigglers, rf, cryogenics
Tentative schedule
• To -> Project approval (2006)• To + 1 year -> TDR
call for tender• To + 2 years -> construction • To + 3 years -> construction and delivery,
DAFNE decommissioning• To + 4 years -> installation and commissioning• To + 5 years -> 1st beam for 1st experiment (2011)
Different experiments must be planned in temporal sequencesince they use the same IR
manpower
• Richiesta di personale in vista dei programmi futuri• Servizio Elettronica e Diagnostica• N. 1 Fisico o Ingegnere Elettronico• N. 1 Diplomato in Elettronica• Servizio Impianti a Fluido• N. 2 Diplomati Impiantisti• Servizio Impianti Criogenici• -• Servizio Impianti di Potenza e Magneti• N. 2 Ingegneri • N. 2 Diplomati Elettrotecnica-Elettronica• Servizio Impianti Elettrici• N. 1 Diplomato Elettrotecnico• Servizio Ingegneria Meccanica• N. 1 Ingegnere Meccanico• N. 2 Diplomati Progettisti Meccanici• Sevizio Linac e Sicurezze• N. 1 Fisico o Ingegnere Elettronico RF• N. 2 Diplomati Elettrotecnica-Elettronica• Servizio Radiofrequenza• -• Servizio Sistema di Controllo• N. 2 Fisici o Ingegneri Informatici• N. 1 Diplomato Informatica• Servizio Vuoto• N. 1 Fisico o Ingegnere dei Materiali• N. 1 Diplomato Impiantista• Per il gruppo di fisica di macchina è inoltre necessario un
rinforzo di almeno un paio di giovani fisici.
D.A.+
10 Physicists – Engineers12 Technicians