Status of Crystalline Silicon

PERC Solar Cells

Qi Wang

R&D Center

Zhejiang JinkoSolar

Jinko Solar Co., Ltd.

Dec 12-13, 2019 NIST/UL Workshop on Photovoltaic Materials Durability NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA

INSERT TEXTContents

Solar manufacturing update1

PERC cell history and research update2

PERC cell in production3

PERC cell improvement4

Summary5

INSERT TEXTPERC Cell’s Market Share

INSERT TEXTPV Module ASP Trend

INSERT TEXTCast Mono Si PERC Record Cell

22.8%

From Canadian Solar. Inc

INSERT TEXTMono Si PERC Record Cell

24.03%

From Longi

INSERT TEXTTypical p-PERC Cell Performance

5 BB5.57 W

• Size : 158.75 x 158.75 mm2

• Eff: 22.1% • Pmax: 5.57 W• ASP: ¥1.01/W

or ¥ 5.63/pc (11/2019)

• Ag consumption (mg): <100

Voc: 681 mVJsc: 40.3 mA/cm2

FF: 80.5%Eff: 22.1%

• LID, LeTID?• > 22.5%?

INSERT TEXTPERC Cell Annual Production

21

21.5

22

22.5

23

23.5

24

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Ave

. Cel

l Eff

(%

)

Pro

du

ctio

n (

GW

)

Year

Capacity

Production

Ave Cell Eff

INSERT TEXTCell Improvements

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

Passiv

ated R

ear

Low

R W

afer

Select

ive E

mitt

er

Bette

r Pas

ivatio

n

Bette

r Pas

te

High R

Em

itter

mBB

Fab R

&D Best

Lab R

&D B

est

Cel

l Eff

icie

ncy

(%

)

INSERT TEXT

Electricity at $0.0242/kWh1117 MW p-PERC Cell module

Sweihan Project In Abu Dhabi 2016 - 2019

INSERT TEXTStandard Back Surface Field Cell

For p-type c-Si cell

~ 20%

Limited by rear J0

INSERT TEXTThe 25% UNSW PERC Cell

• Inverted pyramid• Selective emitter• Plated fingers• Point contact

Best Efficiency: 25.0%FF: 82.8%Voc: 706 mVJsc: 42.7 mA/cm2

after new AM1.5 standard1999

1989: Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell (PERC)Cell Efficiency: 22.8%

INSERT TEXT

⚫ Higher Voc

⚫ Better IR response

Advantages of PERC Cell

From ISFH

INSERT TEXT

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

1/2/1

982

1/2/1

986

1/2/1

990

1/2/1

994

1/2/1

998

1/2/2

002

1/2/2

006

1/2/2

010

1/2/2

014

1/2/2

018

1/2/2

022

PERC Cell Performance Review

Bes

t Ef

fici

ency

(%

)

Schott SolarJA Sunrise GlobalTrinaSolar World NSP GintechTongWeiAikoSuminRisenTalesunCSI

UNSW

JinkoLongi/Lerri

Year

Suntech1984, RFP, RB-4-04033, SERI

INSERT TEXTPERC Cell Process in Manufacturing

1. SDR 2. Texturing3. POCl3

diffusion4. Rear side

etching

5. Rear Passivation

layers6. Front SiNx

7. Laser Ablation

8. Screen printing

9. Co-firing, AN &

regeneration

10. JV & sorting

INSERT TEXT

Efficiency % >22

Throughput wph ~ 6000

Capacity MW/line >250

Yield % >98

Cost of cell $/W 0.035

CapEx $m/GW ~ 40

Size < M6, M12

Factory Specs: p-type cell

INSERT TEXTLight Induced Degradation (LID)

Monocrystalline PERC Cell, Before

LID, 20.924

Monocrystalline PERC Cell, After

LID, 19.293

Eff

icie

ncy

(%

)

c-Si PERC Cell

c-Si PERC Cell

Before LID 20.92%

After LID 19.79%

Δ 5.42%

Testing Condition

➢ Illumination intensity at

900-1000W/m 2

➢ Cell temperature at

50-60℃

➢ Light Soaking for

5 hours

INSERT TEXTLeTID

Q-Cell Report

INSERT TEXTRegeneration of Defects

1 – 100 suns

LED/Laser

Heater

Cell

Axel Herguth and Giso Hahn, EU PVSEC 2013)

Carrier injectionPhoton injection

INSERT TEXTFigure Out the Root Cause of LeTID

Alex Herguth, and Brett Hallam, from: 28th Workshop on c-Si solar cells and Modules

INSERT TEXTEvolution of Cell Size and Design

1 cm2 148 cm2 ~ 240 cm24 cm2

Shingle nBBmBB Bifacial1/2

~ 274 cm2

INSERT TEXTCell Size Gets Larger

Unit M2 G1 M6 M12

Diameter mm 211.0 223.0 223.0 304.8

Length mm 156.75 158.75 166.00 210.00

Area cm2 244.31 252.01 274.16 441.00

Change cm2 0.00 7.70 29.85 196.69

Change % 0 3 12 80

Change % 0 9 75

Change % 0 71

D

L

INSERT TEXT2、n-type组件外观Module Trend

2018 2019 2020

400W 500W?>450W

INSERT TEXT

Highway sound barrier Above water

Applications

INSERT TEXTThank youThank You!