CHAPTER 1 The ProblemBackground of the StudyThe government never fails to give due consideration to the situation of inmates by constantly pondering on their welfare and development while on detention and positively perceiving their positive outlook in life and their potential contribution upon their release. Authorities also extend extra effort to accommodate the increasing number of inmate by building additional detention centers. However, research indicates that after indulging criminal activities, approximately 70% of the released prisoners return to jail within a few years (http://www.rehabilitations.org/prisoner-rehabilitation.html).In order for the rehabilitation programs for the inmates to be effective, Harer (1987) enumerated ten modern prison programs. These are: 1) the Honor Program which is based on the principle of incentivizing positive behavior and holding individuals accountable for their actions. The purpose of the Honor Program is to create an atmosphere of safety, respect, and cooperation, so that prisoners can work on his/her specific self-improvement and rehabilitative goals and projects which benefit themselves as well as the community. The second program is concerned on drug treatment. According to Harer, several studies prove that when people are forced into therapy, results are positive. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of inmates requesting drug treatment currently are helped. The third program has something to do with contemplative classes or practices that include meditation, yoga, and contemplative prayer or similar that is offered at correctional institutions for inmates and prison staff. There are many stated benefits of these programs such a stress relief for inmates and staff.

The fourth program is on conjugal visit in which an inmate of a prison is permitted to spend several hours or days in private, usually with a legal spouse. The basis for permitting such a visit is to preserve family bonds and increase the chances of success for a prisoners eventual return to life outside prison. Prison education program from literacy to general education preparation and vocational education program is also enumerated to be effective in decreasing recidivism among prisoners. In a study conducted by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Prisons, they found that the more educational programs successfully completed for each six months confined, the lower the recidivism rate.

Dogs in jails are also considered to be effective as a means of rehabilitating inmates. In Japan, inmates participating in the program will help in training guide dogs for the blind, by raising the puppies with classes on dog-walking and obedience training. Similar programs are currently operating all over the United States, and these types of programs have been proven to reduce violence among inmates and foster a sense of responsibility.

Another program enumerated is faith-based prison programs. Many officials have turned to religious programs that seek to change inmates internal motivations as well as external behaviors. The Bush administration has strongly supported such programs, as a key focus of its faith-based and community initiative, in an effort to encourage religious charities and other nonprofit organizations to provide social services particularly to inmates. Boot camp for minors is also considered as an alternative to juvenile prisons. The idea of boot camps as a wholesome, effective alternative to prison was immediately accepted by the public as well as state legislatures since the millions of dollars allotted to prison spending will be saved by the boot camps. Some camps even offered job training and high school classes along with substance abuse treatment. Another enumerated program is the Victim Offender Mediation or VOM (also called victim-offender dialogue, victim-offender conferencing, victim-offender reconciliation, or restorative justice dialogue). In this program, there is a face-to-face meeting, in the presence of a trained mediator, between the victim of a crime and the person who committed that crime. The victim gets to explain how they feel and felt, and what needs were not met as the result of the action of the offender. The offender is to repeat what he or she hears (i.e. feelings and needs) and continues to listen and repeat what the victim says she or he feels and needs. Usually this requires substantial support from the trained mediator to gain clarity about the feelings and needs and to request the offender to say these words back to the victim. The last program enumerated by Harer is for children born in prison to stay with their mothers until they were six rather than to be turned over to relatives or foster parents. The children are allowed to leave on weekends and holidays to visit relatives (http:listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-modern-prison-programs/)In line with the mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) which is safekeeping and development of the inmates, some of the programs mentioned above are implemented in the Baguio City Jail Female Dormitory, for the reformation and rehabilitation of inmates that will facilitate their successful reintegration in the society. Guided by these ten Modern Prison Programs enumerated by Harer, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology continuously introduces programs to boost the inmates self-esteem and bring back their lost confidence. Hence, The Bureau introduced and adopted the Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP) which aims to foster behavioral and attitudinal change among the inmates. The concept of Inmates Welfare and Development came up when there is clamor for a change in the word rehabilitation as part of two-fold mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On January 22, 2010, the Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development (DIWD) was created through a memorandum signed by Secretary of Interior and Local Government Ronaldo Puno. The creation of the DIWD aims to emphasize the relevance of the role of DIWD workers in the delivery of services relation to mandate the Bureau in rebuilding inmates self- esteem, developing their individual as well as social responsibility and improving their living conditions while in custody. At present the DIWD formulates/implements, monitors and evaluates all programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates (The Directorate For Inmates Welfare and Development Manual).In the implementation of the said program, the institution has health officers such as nurses to address a more personal health service to inmates. Medicines for common illness are also made available to inmates. Immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution is undertaken for special cases that requires specialized treatment.

Likewise, continuous training for livelihood programs are conducted within the jail premises. In partnership with the government agencies such as TESDA, DTI and the local government, trainers are invited to impart the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft, baking, pastry production, food processing and industrial sewing to mention a few.

Literacy programs are also offered to inmates to pursue further educational growth. The institution has produced several graduates in the DepEds Alternative Learning System (ALS) making them proud as instruments for the inmates academic achievement when they receive their Secondary Equivalent Diploma. According to the BJMP personnel, this is truly an achievement both for the inmates and personnel.

In addition, recreational and sports activities are also permitted within the institution to promote healthy physique and physical wellness. On scheduled time, inmates are allowed to play volleyball, badminton, and other sports activities at the Baguio City Jail-Quadrangle. Service providers are also invited for inmates to exercise their freedom of religion by strengthening their faith in a supreme being giving them more their strength to survive in the situation they are in.In pursuit of studying these programs, various issues and concerns are encountered both by the personnel and the inmates. The issue on security posts is the most serious concern because there is a low ratio of personnel to inmates and inmates are given mobility in undertaking these activities. Likewise, the need to contain and maintain the inmates becomes a challenge while personal differences among inmates could also hinder the success of these programs. On the one hand, some inmates are overly enthusiastic to take part in these activities that they tend to dominate others creating tension and miscommunication resulting to heated arguments and sometimes physical assaults. On the other hand, the passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and choose not to take part in it. Budgetary requirement may also create hindrance in the implementation of these programs. Limited funding can cause the operation of the program to prematurely cease even before its completion.

The BJMPs aim for humane safekeeping and development of inmates prompted the researcher to assess the Inmates Welfare and Development Program of Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. The need to conduct this evaluation is to determine the impact of these programs to both the personnel and the inmates.Statement of the ProblemThe study was conducted to evaluate the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:1. What is the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm?

1.1. Is there a difference between the perceptions of Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates in the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City

Jail-FD?2. What is the level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail- Female dorm? 2.1. Is there a significant difference of the perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD? 3. What is the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD? Hypotheses of the Study1. There is a significant difference between the perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. 2. There is a significant difference of the perceptions of the Baguio City Jail-FD personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD.Importance of the StudyThis study will benefit the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the assessment/evaluation on the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. The feedback will help the BJMP personnel make the necessary adjustments to the program in order for the program to be more beneficial to the inmates.To the BJMP Officers, the findings of the study will provide insights to guide them formulate/implement, monitor and evaluate the programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates.To the researcher, the study will provide insights for the improvement of her work performance as jail officer. To other researchers, the study will serve as reference to students in their future study and fellow BJMP personnel in their pursuit for professional advancement. To the community, their acceptance to the people who came from jail/penal institutions will be a great help for them to live normally upon return in the society.Finally, the result of the study will help maximize the efficiency and effectiveness with which the jail services are delivered and to improve/strengthen the linkages and partnership to the community, service providers, visitors, clients/inmates in the success of safekeeping and development in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Scope and Delimitation of the StudyThe study focused on the evaluation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory, since the aim is to restore the moral, emotional and psychomotor aspect of a person, regardless of their age, educational attainment and civil status. The respondents were delimited to twenty (20) female dorm personnel and fifty (50) female dorm inmates to be chosen randomly.Specifically, it determined the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD; the level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD and the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP in Baguio City Jail-FD. Theoretical/Conceptual FrameworkThe inmate population consists of people awaiting trial for violating federal laws or those who have already been convicted of committing a federal crime. In pursuant to Pub. L. No. 71-218, 46 Stat. 325 (1930), the Bureau of Prisons was established within the Department of Justice and in charge with the "management and regulation of all Federal penal and correctional institutions." The Bureau of Corrections (Filipino: Kawanihan ng mga Bilangguan, literally "Bureau of Prisons", which was the old name of the agency from 1905 to 1989; abbreviated BuCor) is an agency of the Department of Justice which is in charge with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more. The agency has its headquarters in the New Bilibid Prison Reservation in Muntinlupa City.

The reformation programs implemented by the Bureau of Corrections are: 1) Work and Livelihood where the bureau offers a variety of inmates work programs, from agricultural to industrial. The purpose of the inmates work programs is to keep the inmate busy, and to provide them money for their personal expenses and their families as well. The program will also help them acquire livelihood skills in order that they may become productive citizens once they are released and assimilated back into the mainstream society; 2) health care-Medical program is responsible for recording and properly documenting the medical history of an inmate by the medical specialist. Medical information and mental status examination are given to ascertain the inmates overall physical /mental fitness. This forms part of diagnostic process which will eventually determine the most appropriate rehabilitation program for inmates; 3) education and skills training is considered as one rehabilitation activities that are facilitated by the BJMP personnel to improve the inmates academic and job skills. Vocational program are incorporated into job assignments and serve as on-the job training. The goal is to provide inmate with skills that will improve their eligibility for jobs upon release; 4) sports and recreation are included which consist of various indoor and outdoor sports, activities, programs, tournaments and leagues. These recreational activities are basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess. These sports competition promotes camaraderie among inmates that would lead to good sportsmanship and teambuilding; 5) Therapeutic Community Program(TC)-represents an effective structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The goal is to foster personal growth.

By accomplishing in the reshaping of an individuals behavior and attitude through the above identified programs, the inmates have the motivation working together to help themselves and each other for their re-integration into their families and friends and to be productive members of the community (http://www.bucor.gov.ph/about.htm/). For the present status of The Correctional System in the Philippines, it is composed of six agencies under three distinct and separate departments of the national government namely: 1) the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) which covers the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) which runs the city, municipal, and district jails; and the provincial jails through their respective provincial governments; 2) The department of Social Welfare and Development which covers the Juvenile and Justice Welfare Council which oversees the rehabilitation of young offenders and the 3)Department of Justice which covers the Bureau of Corrections, Parole and Probation Administration and the Board of Pardons and Parole. Offenders convicted by the courts to serve sentences of three years or more are kept at the prison facilities of the Bureau of Corrections. They are classified as national prisoners. Those meted with lighter sentences, as well as those with pending cases before the regional trial courts, are confined in provincial jails under the local government; while those awaiting trial in municipal trial courts or serving light penalties (e.g., infraction of city or municipal ordinances) are detained in city, municipal or district jails under the bureau of jail management and penology.

Juvenile delinquents are normally sent to youth rehabilitation centers under the juvenile justice and welfare council pursuant to R.A. 9344 unless the sentencing judge specifically orders for them to be confined at the national penitentiary, as in cases where the juvenile convict acted with discernment or the offense committed was grave.The Bureau of Corrections is mandated by law to accomplish its twin objectives - the effective rehabilitation and safekeeping of National Prisoners. The functions of BuCor are: 1) Safe keep prisoners convicted by courts three (3) years and one (1) day and above to serve sentence in prison, 2) keep prisoners from committing crimes while in BuCor's custody, 3) provide inmates basic needs as human being, 4) ensure rehabilitation programs are made available to the inmates for their physical, intellectual and spiritual development, and 5) develop livelihood programs to assist inmates earn a living and develop their skills while in prison. The Bureau of Corrections currently have seven operating units located nationwide: The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City; The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City / and the The CIW Mindanao, Panabo, Davao; Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan; Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro; San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City; Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog, Leyte and Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo, Davaon. (//http:enwikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau_of_Corrections_Philippines).

Republic Act No. 6975, otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, provided for the establishment of the Philippine National Police (PNP), the National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM), the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP), the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and the Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC). It was enacted into law on December 13, 1990 and ended the existence of the Philippine Constabulary and the Integrated National Police to give way to the creation of the Philippine National Police, which is administered and controlled by the National Police.

As stipulated in the Act, it gives a provision that the department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) shall consist of the Department Proper, the existing bureaus and offices of the Department of Local Government, the National Police Commission, the Philippine Public safety College, and the following bureaus: the Philippine National Police, the Bureau of Fire Protection and the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology. On January 2, 1991 the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology was created, thru Republic Act 6975 as a line Bureau under the Department of Interior and Local Government. The Jail Bureauis the upgraded version of its forerunner, the Office of Jail Management and Penology of the defunct PC/INP last headed byBRIG GEN Arsenio E. Concepcion. As mandated by law, theBJMP shall operate under the reorganizedDepartment of the Interior and Local Government. Startingfromscratch with500 personnel in 1991 the BJMP weaned from its mother PC/INP as a mere component,to become a full-fledge bureau. Director Charles S. Mondejartook his oath of office on July 1 of 1991 asthe first Chiefofthe Bureau.The Bureau ofJailManagementandPenology supervises and controls all district, city and municipal jail. Its client are detainees accused before a court who are temporarily confined in such jails while undergoing investigation, waiting final judgment and those who are serving sentence promulgated by the court three years and below. Under the provision of Republic Act No. 6975, the Bureau of Jail Management Penology is mandated to take operational and administrative control over all city, district and municipal jails which number at 1132. Of this number, only 415 comprising four female centers, one youth center, 167 district jails, 104 city jails and 138 municipal jails are fully manned by the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, leaving 573 jails still being manned by the Philippine National Police. At present there are 6976 uniformed and non-uniformed BJMP personnel. In terms of jail population, however, 72,934 inmates are housed in BJMP- manned jails, while there are 1,529 inmate with the PNP-manned jails(BJMP Official Website http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/) .Since the birth of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in 1991, it has been in constant study on how it can help the inmates not only in providing the skills, and even the education they need so that when they are finally reintegrated into the mainstream of the society, they become productive law abiding citizen. With the evolution of the rehabilitation unit as a bigger and wider unit, the BJMP personnel implements the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) with the concept, A set of physical, psychological, intellectual, vocational and spiritual activities or interventions that facilitates inmates wellbeing and enhancement in accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical standards. This program consolidates with the BJMPs aim for the humane safekeeping and development of inmates.An Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) is a set of physical, psychosocial, intellectual, vocational, and spiritual activities or interventions that facilitate inmates wellbeing and enhancement in accordance with the accepted social norms and ethical standards. The services and activities offered by the IWDP are provisions for basic needs such as food, clothing, hygiene supplies, and others; health services such as maintenance of physical and mental wellbeing; livelihood services such as development of work values, individual worth and dignity, emotional catharsis and enhancement of individual creativity; educational Services such as literacy development; sports and recreation services such as physical fitness, opportunity for socialization, enhancement of creativity and uniqueness, toning down or minimizing stress; visitation services such as promoting moral and social supports to the inmates; paralegal services such as speedy disposition of cases and; religious services such as upliftment of moral and spiritual values (BJMP Manual Revised 2007). Figure 1 shows the framework of the nine service areas that composed the Inmates Welfare Development Program(IWPD).To further enhance the program, the IWPD strengthens the paralegal services through restorative justice that focuses on the needs of the victims and the offenders, as well as the involved community, instead of focusing on satisfying abstract legal principles or punishing offenders (such as imprisoning them). In this program, victims take an active role in the process, while offenders are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions, to repair the harm they've doneby apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service(http// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison).Furthermore, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology uses the restorative justice for inmates to restore harm they've doneby apologizing, returning stolen money, or community service".

Figure 1. IWDP Conceptual Framework

Through the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs, the BJMP personnel looks into the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential into practical use. Through this program, inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew they possess, giving them a feeling of worthiness-something most of inmates/prisoners havent felt during their time outside jail (http:www.pia.gov.ph).

With the identified services covered by the program, the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) is mandated to direct, supervise and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails nationwide with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development of inmates. The four major programs and mandate of the BJMP are inmates custody, security and control program, inmates welfare and development program, decongestion program and good governance.

These programs are intended to eliminate the inmates criminal behavior, reform them to become law abiding and productive citizens and to prepare them for their eventual return to their families and absorbed into the mainstream of society.

The study focuses on the assessment of the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) to female inmate in Baguio City Jail Female dorm. Figure 2 presents the paradigm of the study. The independent variables consist of respondents perceptions on the implementation of IWDP, their satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP and the problems they encounter in the implementation of IWDP. The dependent variables are the level of implementation of IWDP, the level of satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP and the degree of seriousness of the identified problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP. The intervening variables are the BJMP personnel and the female inmates.

Figure 2. Paradigm of the StudyDefinition of Terms

The following terms are defined according to how they were used in this study:After Care.It refers to the care, treatment or help given to persons discharged from an institution such as jail, prison or hospital.Alternative Learning system. It is a ladderized, modular, non-formal education program for drop outs in the elementary and secondary levels.

Bureau of Corrections. It is an agency of the Department of Justice which is charged with the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, who have been sentenced to three years of imprisonment or more.Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). It is a government agency mandated to take control of all district, city and municipal jails in the Philippines. Detainee. It refers to a person who is accused before a court or competent authority and is temporarily confined in jail while undergoing or awaiting investigation, trial or final judgment. Development. It is the gradual process of advancement or growth through the use of series of interrelated activities such as exercise, trainings or group dynamics for the purpose of refining or transforming a person into a useful and productive individual.Inmate. It is a generic term used to refer to a detainee or prisoner, deprived of liberty against his will by confinement, captivity or by forcible restraint.Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP). It is a directorate of the Bureau of jail management and Penology that is in-charged for inmates welfare program.Interfaith. It refers to cooperative, constructive, and positive interaction between people of different religious tradition.

Mandate. This is a written authorization or command by a person, group or organization to another to take a course of action.Rehabilitation. It is a program of activity directed to restore inmates self-respect.Reintegration. This is the process of transitioning form a state in which an individual was not a functioning member of society into a state where the individual controls and directs their own lives.

Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP. It is a self-help social learning modality that help drug user recover from drug addiction and utilizes group dynamics to shape an individuals behavior towards productive directions.CHAPTER 2Design and Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, methodology, locale and population of the study, data gathering tools and the statistical treatment of data.

Research DesignThe study made use of descriptive survey design. It described and interpreted the conditions of the study and it accorded the researcher a chance to interact directly with the study subjects. The researcher also went beyond gathering and tabulation of data by incorporating comparison, contrast and evaluation, thus presented a clearer and adept research tool.

Survey was used to gather responses from personnel and inmates on the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory.Population and Locale of the Study

The proposed study was conducted at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. There were seventy (70) respondents, twenty (20) from the BCJ-FD personnel and fifty (50) from the BCJ-FD inmates. Table 1. Population of the studyBaguio City Jail-FDNumber of personnel/inmatesNumber of RespondentsPercentage (%)

Personnel 242029

Inmates 755071

Total9970

100Data Gathering ToolThe questionnaire-checklist was used as the main data gathering instrument that was given to the respondents. The questionnaire-checklist was based on the variables of the study; Part I was on the level of Implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm; Part II was on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm and Part III was on the degree of seriousness of problems encountered in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm. Data obtained from the questionnaire-checklist was supported by informal interview to the respondent female dorm personnel and inmates. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire-checklist was tested in Baguio City Jail-Male Dorm.Data Gathering ProceduresThe researcher asked the approval of the Female Dorm Warden of the researchers intention the need to administer survey questionnaire-checklist to the female dorm personnel and inmates. The researcher personally met with the respondents to address possible questions /clarifications that may arise. Hence, the researcher was the one who gave and retrieved the said questionnaire-checklist; results was tabulated and treated statistically.The data gathered through the questionnaire-checklist was used and supported by informal interview of both personnel and the female inmates. It was a one-on-one and a group interview to the respondent. Treatment of DataTo answer the questions in the IWDP implementation at Baguio City Jail-FD, all data collected was statistically treated by using the 4 point scale to quantify the respondents.On the level of implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used:Numerical ValueStatistical LimitsDescriptive EquivalentSymbolsMeaning and Interpretation

43.25 - 4.00Very Much ImplementedVMI75-100%

Implemented

32.50 - 3.24Much ImplementedMI50-74%

Implemented

21.75 - 2.49Less ImplementedLI25-49%

Implemented

11.00 -1.74Not ImplementedNI0-24%

Implemented

On the level of satisfaction on the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used:

Numerical ValueStatistical LimitsDescriptive EquivalentSymbolsMeaning and Interpretation

43.25 - 4.00Very Much SatisfiedVMS75-100%Satisfied

32.50 - 3.24Much SatisfiedMS50-74%

Satisfied

21.75 - 2.49Less SatisfiedLS25-49%

Satisfied

11.00 -1.74Not SatisfiedNS0-24%

Satisfied

On the level of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm the following scale was used:Numerical ValueStatistical LimitsDescriptive EquivalentSymbolsMeaning and Interpretation

43.25 - 4.00Very Much SeriousVMS75-100%Serious

32.50 - 3.24Much SeriousMS50-74%Serious

21.75 - 2.49Less SeriousLS25-49% Serious

11.00 -1.74Not SeriousNS0-24%Serious

The weighted mean and the average weighted mean was used to treat the descriptive data and the t-test was used to treat the null hypothesis of the study.

WM=TWV/N

Where: WM=Weighted Mean

TWV= Total Weighted Mean

N = Number of Cases

T-Test was used to support the Hypothesis of this study, the formula is:

__

Where x1 = mean of sample 1

__

x2 = mean of sample 2

n1 =number of subjects in sample 1

n2 =number of subjects in sample 2

_

(x1 x1)2

s12=variance of sample 1 = n1

_

(x2 x2)2

S22=variance of sample 2 = n2CHAPTER 3Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the result on the survey of welfare and development programs to female inmates in the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm. It includes discussions on the areas of the level of implementation, level of satisfaction, and degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.Level of Implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

This section presents the level of implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) at the Baguio City Female Dorm as perceived by the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm personnel and Baguio City Jail Female inmates. The program has nine areas to consider namely a) provisions of basic needs, b) health services, c) livelihood services, d) educational services, e) sports and recreation services, f) visitation services, f) visitation services, g) paralegal services, h) religious services and i) therapeutic modality program.Table 2. Level of Implementation of the IWDP in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorman DE AreaMeanDERank

A. Provision of Basic Needs

1. Adequate food with nutritional value and good for health and strength.2.39Much Implemented

2. Accommodation/cells are available and suitable to associate with one another. 2.31Less

Implemented

3. Provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating. 2.19Less

Implemented

4. Water and hygiene supplies are provided for. 2.56Much

Implemented

5. Keep themselves clean. 2.94Much Implemented

6. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness. 2.69Much Implemented

Area Mean 2.51Much Implemented 8

B. Health Services

1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm has health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist. 2.51Much

Implemented

2. The jail is maintaining a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines. 2.20Less

Implemented

3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental need of inmates. 2.30Less

Implemented

4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or specialized institution.2.71Much

Implemented

5. Coordination to the Medical/Dental society or Non-Government Organizations for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the inmates. 2.73Much

Implemented

Area Mean 2.49Less Implemented 9

C. Livelihood Services

1. Afford livelihood activities with compensation for inmates labors (e.g. paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch, barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs. 3.00Much

Implemented

2. Inmates can choose livelihood activities according to their vocational background or training under continuation Table 2

the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 2.96Much

Implemented

3. Inmates are allowed to spend their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 3.06Much

Implemented

4. All livelihood activities of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 2.70Much

Implemented

5. Training is conducted to enhance the skills of the inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release. 2.93Much

Implemented

Area Mean 2.93Much

Implemented 3

D. Educational Services

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing) 2.91Much

Implemented

2. Provide vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, barbering. 2.91Much

Implemented

3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learners. 2.76Much

Implemented

4. Qualified Teachers and tutors are being provided by the DepEd and TESDA continuation Table 22.87Much

Implemented

5. Inmates may choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release. 2.81Much

Implemented

Area Mean 2.85Much

Implemented 5

E. Sports and Recreation Services

1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts)2.79Much

Implemented

2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates2.81Much

Implemented

3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (i.e.) watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families)3.03Much

Implemented

4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits2.64Much

Implemented

5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreation activities3.03Much

Implemented

Area mean2.86Much

Implemented4

F. Visitation Services

1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 3.01Much

Implemented

2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the

inmates and his family. 2.84Much

Implemented

3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. Continuation- Table 22.93Much

Implemented

4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiance, parent or child, brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 3.06Much

Implemented

5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. 1.63Less

Implemented

Area Mean 2.69Much

Implemented7

G. Paralegal Services

1. To inform the inmates of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2.77Much

Implemented

2. Coordinates to the public Attorneys office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. 2.76Much

Implemented

Continuation Table 2

3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 2.73Much

Implemented

4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 2.71Much

Implemented

5. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates 2.60Much

Implemented

Area Mean 2.71Much

Implemented 6

H. Religious Services

1. Respect of religion among the inmates is being observed and allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life. Continuation- Table 23.10Much

Implemented

2. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to the inmates. 3.23Much

Implemented

3. Maintain a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. 3.17Much

Implemented

4. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship 3.74Very Much

Implemented

5. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations. 3.16Much

Implemented

Area Mean 3.28Very Much

Implemented 1

I. Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)

1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that helps inmates gets help while helping other inmates 3.19Much

Implemented

2. All inmates are required to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. 3.40Very Much

Implemented

3. The interactions among the inmates are designed to be therapeutic, as the inmates continuation Table 2

will play the dual rule of client-therapist. 3.29Very Much

Implemented

4. The conduct of therapeutic community modality of the inmates is under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 3.26Very Much

Implemented

5. Orientation seminars are being conducted to the newly committed inmates before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality. 3.16Much

Implemented

Area Mean 3.26VeryMuch

Implemented 2

As shown in the above table, it revealed that religious services had the highest mean of 3.28 interpreted as much implemented. It implies that both the personnel and the inmates regarded religion as a means of strengthening spiritual faith as well as moral consciousness. The result is also ascribed to the fact that the personnel recognized and monitor that the inmates religion or denominations are well represented where various service-providers are scheduled for all religious denominations in the jail. Specifically, the indicator religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship garnered the highest mean of 3.74 interpreted as very much implemented. According to the personnel, religious materials are generally open and allowed in the jail premises for a more meaningful worship and prayer for the inmates. Religious services target antisocial values, emphasize accountability and responsibility, changes cognitive approaches to conflict, and provides social support and social skills through interaction with religious people and communities (Bergin, 1991; Martin Carlson, 1988). The service included both the teachings and opportunities to practice biblically based moral behavior necessary for development.

Ranked two is on Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP) (3.26) interpreted as very much implemented. The result indicated that the program is effective in fostering personal growth through structured environment with defined boundaries, both moral and ethical. The indicator along the TCMP that earned the highest rank of 3.40 interpreted as very much implemented is all inmates are required to participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. The result showed that the inmates are aware of the positive effect of the TCMP in their lives, thus they are encouraged to participate in all activities encompassing the program such as the TC morning meeting, recreational and cultural activities such as the Saturday Night Activity (SNA) and other activities to develop their well-being while on detention. The implementation of this program should be maintained at the same time it should be constantly re-oriented to both new and old inmates. Since TCMP is a self-help social learning model, the effectiveness may vary depending on the behavior of the inmate and how she accepts what this program has to offer. Third in rank was on livelihood services (2.93) interpreted as much implemented. The result ascribed that both the personnel and the female inmates are convinced that there is a continuous training for livelihood programs conducted within the jail premises. This is manifested in the constant invitation of trainers from TESDA, DTI and the local government units to impart the needed skills and knowledge in paper craft, baking, pastry production, food processing and industrial sewing to mention a few. Furthermore, the indicator inmates are allowed to spend their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families had the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as much implemented. This is due to the fact that inmates are given the chance to engage in income-generating activities whereby their earnings are at their own disposal.

Along the area of Sports and Recreation Services, the respondents rated it as much implemented (2.81) placing it on the fourth rank. It showed that recreational and sports activities are permitted within the institution to promote healthy physique and physical wellness. On scheduled time, inmates are allowed to play volleyball, badminton, and other sports activities at the Baguio City Jail-Quadrangle. The highest indicator under this area with the mean of 2.86 interpreted as much implemented is wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations and Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations activities. Inmates are allowed to have indoor games like scrabble and chess as well as outdoor sports like volleyball and badminton on scheduled intervals and subject to close supervision of personnel. Likewise, cultural presentations during Earth Day, Womens Month and the like are encouraged to showcase the inmates talents. Ranked five is in the area on educational services where the respondents regarded it as much implemented (2.85). This is credited to the continuous support and corroboration of the Bureau with the city government of Baguio in cooperation with the Department of Education particularly the Bureau of Alternative Learning System (BALS) through the conduct of non-formal education to the inmates. In the educational services area, the indicator obtaining the highest mean is provide literacy classes to inmates and provide vocational training to inmates. This is attributed to opportunities of educational advancement offered to inmates as well as skills enhancement trainings such as food processing.

In the area of Paralegal Services, the respondents regarded it as much implemented (2.71) obtaining the sixth rank. The indicator to inform the inmates of their rights and laws applicable to them got the highest mean of 2.77 interpreted as Much Implemented. The result indicated that the inmates are constantly informed of their rights and legal options through one-on-one conversation with the paralegal officer. Jail management is equipped with very able paralegal officers to assist the inmates on their legal options and extend legal advices on their pending cases. The management also allows consulting time with the inmates private and public lawyers to update the inmates on the status of their cases.

The areas obtaining the lowest means are visitation services, provision for basic needs, and health services with means of 2.69, 2.51 and 2.49 respectively. Although these areas have the lowest means, both visitation services and provision for basic needs are interpreted as much implemented. For Visitation Services, the indicator inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family obtained the highest mean of 3.06 interpreted as much implemented. The management believes that the best support system of the inmate is her family, thus, regular visitation privileges are permitted every Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 12:30 3:00 pm. Moreover, visitation is a privilege given to inmates, thus, infractions on jail rules and regulations may result in the curtailment of this privilege. However, special conjugal visit of a husband to his detained wife is not permitted to prevent unexpected pregnancies of female inmates.

Along the area on provision for basic needs to female inmates, the result implies that the confines of the cell where inmates spend most of their time are guaranteed clean and in order to provide a more comfortable environment for every inmate.

Specifically the indicator Keep themselves clean has the highest mean of 2.94 interpreted as very much implemented. The data reflected that the female inmates are particular with their hygiene and they regularly observe cleanliness both with themselves and their environment. Meanwhile, the indicator provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating has the lowest mean of 2.19 interpreted as less implemented. This showed that due to the Bureaus limited financial resources, clothing provided to inmates is insufficient. Moreover, there is a prescribed uniform intended for the inmates to use.

However, on the area of health services, the respondents professed it to be less implemented. The result is attributed to the shortage of health personnel assigned to monitor the inmates health conditions. Nevertheless the indicator coordination to the medical/dental society or Non-Government Organizations for the conduct of medical and dental mission to the inmates is perceived by the respondents as much implemented (2.73) which ranked the highest in this area. This is attributed to the fact that linkages to NGOs and civic organizations are well- coordinated, thereby, augmenting medical and dental assistance to inmates.

In general, the Baguio City Jail personnel and the female inmates professed that the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) is much implemented as manifested in their effort to continue developing inmates and improving their living conditions while in custody. At present the DIWD formulates/implements, monitors and evaluates all programs that address the physical, psychological, behavioral, spiritual, vocational and educational needs of inmates (The Directorate For Inmates Welfare and Development Manual).Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

Table 2.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the level of implementation of IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.

As manifested in the Table, the female dorm personnel perceived the over-all level implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as much implemented with the average weighted mean of 3.20. On the one hand, the female inmates gave the level a lower average weighted mean of 2.66 but still within the descriptive equivalence of much implemented.

The difference in their perceptions is attributed to the fact that the personnel, being the implementers, are convinced that they implement these programs with utmost diligence and consistency while the inmates, being their clients perceive that there are some flaws in the implementation of the program..

Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.60 is greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a difference between the perceptions of the two groups in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Table 2.1 Summary of perceptions of the Personnel and the Inmates on the Level of Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail-Female DormAreaPersonnelInmateWeighted Mean

1. Provision for Basic Needs2.872.372.51

2. Health Services2.852.352.49

3. Livelihood Services3.182.742.93

4. Educational Services3.172.502.85

5. Sports and Recreation Services3.352.662.86

6. Visitation Services3.172.502.69

7. Paralegal Services3.232.502.71

8. Religious Services3.513.193.28

9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program3.473.173.26

Average Weighted Mean3.202.662.81

F.05= 2.120

t.value = 2.60

*significantDevelopment Program in Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is accepted. The findings implied that the perceptions of the respondents vary with regard to the implementation of the Inmates Welfare Development Program (IWDP).The findings of this study consolidated the observation of Gaes (2008) in relation to the programs various issues and concerns encountered both by the personnel and the inmates. Gaes noted that the difference in the perceptions in the implementation of the program is attributed to the issue on security posts where there is a low ratio of personnel to inmates and inmates are given restricted mobility in undertaking the programs activities. Similarly, the personnel mentioned that the need to contain and maintain the inmates is an everyday challenge to them. Personal differences among inmates could also hinder the success of these programs as claimed by the personnel. Some inmates are overly enthusiastic to take part in these activities that they tend to dominate others creating tension and miscommunication resulting to heated arguments and sometimes physical assaults. While the passive inmates tend to shrug off the program and choose to take part in it. Budgetary requirement may also create hindrance on these programs. Limited funding can also cause the implementation of the program to prematurely cease even before its completion.Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female DormTable 3 presents the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the jail personnel and the female inmates.

As gleaned in the table, the area on Therapeutic Community Modality Program (3.09) ranked the highest in the level of satisfaction. The result showed that both Table 3. Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm Area Mean DE Rank

A. Basic Needs

1. Food services are adequate. 2.47Less

Satisfied

2. Adequate accommodations and cells. 2.51Much

Satisfied

3. Adequate clothing supplies 2.34Less

Satisfied

4. Sufficient water and hygiene supplies. 2.54Much

Satisfied

5. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness 2.70Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.51Much

Satisfied 9

B. Health Services

1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm is provided with health officers such as physician, nurse and continuation Table 3

dentist who can attain to the health needs of inmates. 2.54Much

Satisfied

2. The jail has a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines. 2.33Less

Satisfied

3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental needs of inmates. 2.44Less

Satisfied

4. Sick inmates requiring specialized treatment are transferred to hospital or

specialized institution. 2.69Much

Satisfied

5. Coordination to the Medical/dental society or Non-Government Organizations for medical and dental mission to the inmates. 2.73Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.55Much

Satisfied 8

C. Livelihood Services

1. Inmates are compensated on their livelihood activities (e.g. combining paper craft, crocheting, cross stitch barber shop, tailoring, to augment his/her other basic needs 2.94Much

Satisfied

2. Inmates can choose livelihood services according to their vocational background or training under the direct supervision of BJMP personnel. 2.96Much

Satisfied

3. Inmates are spending their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families. 3.01Much

Satisfied

4. All livelihood services of the inmates are being enforced and monitored by BJMP personnel. 2.80Much

Satisfied

5. Trainings are being conducted to enhance the skills of the inmates as a means of livelihood and in preparation for their release. 2.90Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.92Much

Satisfied 4

D. Educational Services

1. Provide literacy classes to inmates (e.g. Alternative Learning System, tutorial, reading, writing) 3.09Much

Satisfied

2. Educational vocational training to inmates (e.g. tailoring, dressmaking, cosmetology, baking, practical electricity, electronics, barbering) 3.01Much

Satisfied

3. Educational or learning materials/supplies are being provided to the inmate learnings. 2.80Much

Satisfied

4. Teachers and tutors are qualified being provided by the DepEd and TESDA 3.00Much

Satisfied

5. Inmates can choose among the literacy and vocational training conducted which are useful to them and may apply upon release. 3.03Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.99Much

Satisfied 3

E. Sports and Recreation Services

1. Equipment and facilities for sports and recreational activities are provided to inmates (e.g. badminton, table tennis, scrabble, volleyball, chess, darts) 2.84Much

Satisfied

2. Recreational and cultural activities are observed to benefit the mental, physical health and well being of the inmates. 2.83Much

Satisfied

3. Wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (i.e. watching TV, Christmas party, concert, presentations, and socialization programs with their families). 2.89Much

Satisfied

4. Inmates are allowed at least one hour of suitable exercise in open air daily if the weather permits. 2.57Much

Satisfied

5. Inmates can present their talents and cultural ingenuity during programs and recreations activities. 2.87Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.80Much

Satisfied 5

F. Visitation Services

1. Visitation promotes moral and social supports to the inmates. 3.03Much

Satisfied

2. Special attention for the maintenance and improvement of relationship between the inmates and his family 2.81Much

Satisfied

3. Visiting area is provided for the inmate to entertain their visitors. 2.96Much

Satisfied

4. Inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family (spouse, fiance, parent or child, brother or sister, grand parent or grandchild, uncle or aunt, nephew or niece, and guardian or ward). 3.16Much

Satisfied

5. Special conjugal visits by the wife/husband of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP. 1.47Not

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.69Much

Satisfied 7

G. Paralegal Services

1. To inform the inmates of their rights (including rights to a counsel and suffrage) and laws applicable to them (i.e. modes of early release under existing laws). 2.79Much

Satisfied

2. Coordinates to the public Attorneys office (PAO), Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and volunteer lawyers for free legal assistance to inmates. 2.76Much

Satisfied

3. Giving assistance to convicted inmates in applying for probation, good conduct time allowance (GCTA), pardon and parole. 2.74Much

Satisfied

4. Paralegal Officers are designated to monitor the case status of inmates in courts. 2.73Much

Satisfied

6. Assist in looking for the best possible surety who can provide the bail bond most affordable to the inmates 2.56Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 2.71Much

Satisfied 6

H. Religious Services

1. Respecting religious belief among the inmates and allowed to satisfy the needs of his/her religious life. 3.11Much

Satisfied

2. A qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to inmates. 3.17Much

Satisfied

3. Maintaining a secured and safe place designated for worship among inmates. 2.67Much

Satisfied

4. Religious symbols or materials are provided to the inmates during worship. 3.01Much

Satisfied

5. Regular religious or interfaith activities are allowed to the inmates in accordance to BJMP rules and regulations. 3.16Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 3.03Much

Satisfied 2

I. Therapeutic Community Modality Program (TCMP)

1. Therapeutic community modality is an interaction that can help inmates while helping other inmates. 3.13Much

Satisfied

2. All inmates can participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality.3.20Much

Satisfied

3. The interaction among the inmates can be designated to be therapeutic, as the inmates will play the dual role of client-therapist 3.09Much

Satisfied

4. Newly committed inmates will undergo Orientation seminars before they can participate in the therapeutic community modality. 2.93Much

Satisfied

Area Mean 3.09Much

Satisfied 1

the personnel and the female inmates perceived to be much satisfied in the implementation of the program. Along this area, the indicator that has the highest mean of 3.20 is all inmates can participate during the conduct of the therapeutic community modality. This reflected that the program of the Bureau has an utmost effect on the inmates because of its goal in fostering personal growth by reshaping the inmates behavior and attitude through their team work in defining boundariesof their actions on what is moral and ethical while in detention. Hence, they will become morally upright and conscious with their actions as well as productive constituents when they are re-integrated into their families, friends and the community. Thus, it can be deduced that whatever this program has to offer, both the personnel and the inmates see its potential to be able to transform the inmate while in detention.

The area on religious services ranked second with a mean of 3.03, interpreted as much satisfied. The data reflected that areas indicator a qualified representative, priest, pastor, imam or leader of any denomination is allowed to render services to inmates obtained the highest mean of 3.17 interpreted as much satisfied. The result indicated that the freedom of religion is well-granted to the inmates and is closely monitored by the personnel. According to the respondents the inmates hold on to the fact that there is one Supreme Being they can put their trust most especially in the struggle they are facing at the moment.

The area on educational services ranked third with a mean of 2.99, interpreted as much satisfied. As claimed by the personnel, various literacy and skills enhancement trainings are made available to inmates as revealed in the areas indicator provide educational vocational training to inmates with the highest mean of 3.01 interpreted as much satisfied. The personnel strive to outsource all possible opportunities for the inmates literacy and educational and vocational advancement. On the other hand, the inmates grab this opportunities with utmost willingness to boost their self-esteem and find their lost self-worth.

The Bureau consistently offers literacy programs to inmates to pursue further educational growth. As for the Bureaus record, it has produced several graduates in the DepEds Alternative Learning System (ALS) making the personnel and administration proud for the inmates receiving their Secondary Equivalent Diploma. Accordingly, this is truly an achievement both for the inmates and personnel.Ranked four is on the area of livelihood services with a mean of 2.92 with a descriptive equivalence of much satisfied. Along this area, the indicator that has the highest mean is inmates are spending their earnings on approved articles for their own use and send a part of their earnings to their families(3.01). The management, through the monitoring of the personnel permits various income-generating activities so the inmates have the means to sustain their personal expenses and for their family while on detention. Likewise, the institutions purpose of the inmates livelihood program is to keep the inmate busy as well as helping them acquire livelihood skills in order that they may become productive citizens once they are released and assimilated back into the mainstream society.The area on sports and recreation ranked fifth with a mean of 2.80, described as much satisfied. The indicator that has the highest mean in this area is wholesome entertainment inside the cells or within the jail perimeter is allowed subject to jail rules and regulations (2.89). Based on the result, it reflected that various physical activities are encouraged and participated by both personnel and inmates. This is one of the rare opportunities that healthy living is promoted and such is appreciated by both parties. Similarly, tournaments on individual and team sports like basketball, volleyball, billiards, table tennis and chess, are participated by the inmates in order to promote camaraderie, sportsmanship and teambuilding among themselves.Ranked six is on the area of paralegal services with a mean of 2.71, still described as much satisfied which consolidated with the areas indicator to inform the inmates of their rights and laws applicable to them that has the highest mean of 2.79. Accordingly, the paralegal officer is ready to help the inmates in their cases through giving them legal advice and options. The personnel also give the inmates time to talk to their lawyers for updates and correspondence which is one of the most imperative actions for their acquittal or dismissal. The area on visitation services ranked seventh with a mean of 2.69, described as much satisfied with the highest indicator inmates are visited by any members of his/her immediate family(3.16). The result indicated that the management still recognize that the family is the main support of the inmates. The inmates are much satisfied with the time given to them to bond with their family and friends. Nevertheless, the indicator special conjugal visits by the husband/wife of a detained spouse for a period of time are allowed, subject to the policy of the BJMP is perceived by both the personnel and the female inmates to be less satisfied. Although this is a privilege of the inmates, the personnel does not allow copulation between the husband and the female inmate to avoid unplanned pregnancy inside the institution. Accordingly, inmates who are pregnant are at risk due to their condition and children who are born inside the jail might develop personal crisis or insecurities when they grow up.Ranked eight is on the area of health services obtaining a mean of 2.55, interpreted as much satisfied. The result showed that the personnel makes sure that the inmates are physically healthy and provides medicine for common illnesses for free and facilitates immediate transfer to the appropriate medical institution for illnesses that require further medical attention.

The area obtaining the last rank is on the provision for basic needs with a mean of 2.51, interpreted as much satisfied. This area falls on the borderline because both the personnel and inmates perceive that there is still room for improvement in the delivery of this service. Moreover, due to the constraint budget of the BJMP, food services and clothing supplies are limited.Generally, the result revealed that both the personnel and the female inmates were much satisfied in the implementation of IWDP along the nine areas.

The result also indicated that the BJMP consistently monitor and may support the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) which looks into the potential of an inmate and uses this latent potential into practical use. Through this program, inmates/prisoners realize the skills that they never knew they possess and the program gives them a feeling of worthiness-something most of inmates/prisoners havent felt during their time outside jail (http:www.pia.gov.ph).The result was further warranted by Nemeo, assistant director for administration of BJMP 7, assuring the public that offenders are properly taken cared of. We made programs so they will be productive citizens while inside a correctional facility, he said.

The program for the inmates is mandated in Presidential Proclamation No. 551 of then President Fidel V. Ramos, which declares the last of October as NCCW. This program aims to empower prisoners to achieve full rehabilitation by making them self-reliant and the jails sustainable.The program also provides for the legal needs of overstaying inmates or those who have not been scheduled for hearing.

Similarly, it also promotes livelihood and entrepreneurship, furthers their educational attainment, and establishes linkages outside to sustain their transformation.

Apart from encouraging them to seek religious counseling, the program also promotes fitness and love of arts and culture.

As the saying goes, we should teach them how to fish so they will have fish throughout their lives. Sagadal said (Davinci S. Maru, 2012).Difference in the Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction in the Implementation of IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

Table 3.1 shows the difference in the perceptions of the respondents on the level of satisfaction of the implementation of IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.

As exhibited in Table 3.1, the female dorm personnel perceived the over-all level of satisfaction of the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as very much satisfied with an average weighted mean of 3.25. On the one hand, the female inmates remark a lower level of satisfaction in the implementation of the IWDP with an average weighted mean of 2.63 interpreted as much satisfied.Table 3.1 Summary of Perceptions of the Personnel and Inmates on the Level of Satisfaction of the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

AreaPersonnelInmateWeighted Mean

1. Provision for Basic Needs2.932.352.51

2. Health Services3.152.302.55

3. Livelihood Services3.372.752.92

4. Educational Services3.262.882.99

5. Sports and Recreation Services3.202.642.81

6. Visitation Services3.252.462.69

7. Paralegal Services3.222.512.71

8. Religious Services3.462.853.03

9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program3.412.963.09

Average Weighted Mean3.252.632.81

F.05= 2.120

t.value = 2.28

*significant

The difference in the perception may be attributed to the fact that the personnel are all out in their support for all these programs. They are very much satisfied with how the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) goes the extra mile to support the inmates while under their custody. On the other hand, the inmates perceive it as much satisfied because they see that there is still more that can be done for them especially in the delivery of their basic needs while under detention. They feel that, while proving their innocence in the court of law, they deserve a more compassionate safekeeping from the BJMP.

Statistically, the computed t-test value of 2.63 is greater than the critical value of 2.120 at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the hypothesis that there is a difference between the perceptions of the personnel and the female inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm is accepted. It implies that the perceptions of the two groups differ significantly in terms of satisfaction in the implementation of the program.In conclusion, the IWDP implemented by the BJMP personnel intends to eliminate the inmates criminal behavior, reform them to become law abiding and productive citizens and to prepare them for their eventual return to their families and absorbed into the mainstream of society.Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encounteredin the Implementation of the IWDP at theBaguio City Jail Female DormTable 4 presents the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the jail personnel and the female inmates.

Table 4. Summary on the Degree of Seriousness of the Problems Encountered in the Implementation of the IWDP at the Baguio City Jail Female Dorm

AreaWeighted

MeanDescriptive

EquivalenceRank

1. Provision for Basic Needs2.53Much Serious5

2. Health Services2.85Much Serious1

3. Livelihood Services2.60Much Serious3

4. Educational Services2.63Much Serious2

5. Sports and Recreation Services2.57Much Serious4

6. Visitation Services2.43Less Serious7

7. Paralegal Services2.51Much Serious6

8. Religious Services2.33Less Serious8.5

9. Therapeutic Community Modality Program2.33Less Serious8.5

As gleaned in the table, the area on health services ranked highest in the degree of seriousness of the problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP at the BCJ-Female dorm with a mean of 2.85 as perceived by the personnel and female inmates as much serious.

The result is attributed to the insufficiency of medicine to treat the illness of the inmates. Likewise, the jail is not equipped with a quarantine room where sick inmates are confined to ensure that the others are not contaminated. The inmates also stressed that it is difficult to be sick while in detention because of the lack of in-house or on-call physician to treat them immediately. Health care while in prison is especially important because inmates are much more likely to suffer from chronic health conditions brought about by sanitation issues and mental health issues caused by uncertainties in their cases.

The area on educational services ranked second with a mean of 2.63, interpreted as much serious. The personnel and inmates view education as a very important tool for a person to survive. Thus, with all the literacy and skills enhancement trainings granted to the inmates, the fear that there will be no qualified trainer posts a problem to the respondents. Also, due to budgetary constraints, not all materials needed for their education are made available to them.

The area on livelihood services ranked third with a mean of 2.60, interpreted as much serious. The seriousness of this area lies on the fact that there is very limited market for the products of the inmates. There is no tie-up with the outside market to patronize their product and no constant buyers for their products.

The area on sports and recreation ranked next with a mean of 2.57, described as much serious. Due to the inadequate space, there is not enough room to undertake various outdoor sports. As much as the personnel and inmates want to conduct competitions for various sports, the limited budget for these kinds of activities posts a very serious problem.

The area on the provision for basic needs ranked next with a mean of 2.53, described as much serious. Still, the problem of inadequate food and congested cells are the most serious problems in this area. Some inmates regard the food as falling below the standards of nutritional value. With the limited space, the cells exceed the ideal number of inmates making it less comfortable for them.

The area on paralegal services ranked the next with a mean of 2.51, described as much serious. Inmates may feel that due to the slow trial process, their cases are not being monitored by the jails paralegal officers. The reason is that the number of offenders are constantly increasing, making it more difficult for the paralegal officers to cater to them in-depth.

The area on visitation services ranks next with a mean of 2.43, described as less serious. The inmates feel that anytime, this privilege may be curtailed. But because the inmates understand the situation, they strictly comply with the regulations set by management so as to enjoy this privilege continuously. The personnel give them enough freedom to be with their family and friends on scheduled time.

The area on religious services and the therapeutic community modality program ranked the least serious with a mean of 2.33. The personnel and inmates have encountered very slight problems in these two areas. Petty problems such as non-participating inmates can be addressed easily.In general, the personnel see that any problem encountered in any of these areas are tolerable and can be addressed without much struggle. Despite the result where most of problems encountered by the personnel in the implementation of the nine service areas of IWDP are perceived to be much serious, the BJMP personnel prove that they are very able and equipped to answer to any problem that may arise. Meanwhile, the inmates perceive the degree of seriousness of the problems to be much serious because they are under the command of the personnel. Summary of Findings

The following are the major findings of the study:

1. Findings revealed that there is considerable execution on religious services, therapeutic community modality program and livelihood services in the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWPD) in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the respondents. Along the health services area, it is professed as less implemented. Differences were noted in the perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level of implementation of IWDP.

2. There is much satisfaction of the respondents in the implementation of the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm as perceived by the respondents. Differences were noted in the perceptions of the personnel and inmates on the level of satisfaction in the implementation of IWDP.

3. Health, educational and livelihood services are the areas perceived by the respondents to be much serious in terms of the degree of problems encountered in the implementation of IWDP while religious and visitation services along with therapeutic community modality program are perceived to be a less serious problem.Chapter 4

Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter provides the conclusions and recommendations based on the major findings of the study.

Conclusions1. The BJMP personnel are diligent and consistent in implementing the eight service areas to the female inmates as indicated in the Inmates Welfare Development Program in Baguio City Jail Female Dorm, though, the less implementation on health services is attributed to the insufficiency of health personnel and medicine supplies. 2. Both the BJMP personnel and the female inmates are considerably satisfied in the implementation of the nine service areas as indicated in the Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) in the Baguio City Jail Female dorm.3. Health, educational, and livelihood services are considered to be a much serious problem because of limited budget and insufficient fund to augment the needs of the female inmates.Recommendations

The following are the recommendations based on the findings and conclusions of the study.1. It is recommended that treatment for common to less severe illnesses be approved by a prison doctor or a member of the healthcare team. In-patient beds are recommended to be made available to detainees, quarantined in a separate room so as not to transmit the disease to fellow inmates. There should be a continuous supply of medicine for common sickness. These medicines should be made available to the inmates at an instant to secure treatment of the illness immediately.

2. The inmates health record should be established upon the inmate's arrival at the facility. Health care staff should schedule an annual health care check-up or examination for each inmate to ensure her health conditions are not aggravated if any.

3. Psychiatric health services should be available to all prisoners. All prisoners in need of psychiatric health services shall be identified in a timely manner and be afforded transfer to the appropriate facility for treatment.

4. Recreation programs should include a range of activities such as, yoga and also meditation. These days recreation is a vital aspect in almost all prisons because it is used as a therapeutic tool, and it may reduce recidivism. The benefits and skills that inmates obtain from exercise, such as time management, wellness, stress relief, and anger management, will assist them in the community as well. 5. It is recommended that a larger room for recreation particularly for indoor and outdoor sports be provided in the Baguio City female dorm. 6. It is also highly recommended that further studies be conducted on the Therapeutic Community Modality Program regarding its effectiveness and influence to inmates and as to the extent of the effect on the totality of the inmates.7. It is further recommended that highly qualified trainers in yoga and meditation be employed to inmates in order to make this activity safe and effective.REFERENCESBrazzell, Crayton, Lindahl, Mukamal, and Solomon.(2009). From the Classroom to the Community: Exploring the Role of Education During Incarceration and Re-entry. The Urban Institute Justice Policy Center, John Jay College of Criminal Justice.

Burke, L.O and Vivian,J.E. (2001). The Effect of College Programming on Recidivism Rates at the Hampden County House of Correction: A 5-Year Study. Journal of Correctional Education, Vol. 52, No.5 pp.160162Bureau of Corrections (n.d) Retrieved February 7, 2014, http://www.bucor.gov.ph/programs.htmlBureau of Jail Management and Penology Manual Revised 2007, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology Official Website retrieved February 7, 2014, http://www.bjmp.gov.ph/Davinci S. Maru.(2012). 27 inmates finish ALS Program. . Sun.Star).Federal Bureau of Prisons (n.d). Retrieved February 7, 2014,http://www.bop.gov/inmates/custody_and_care/Gerald G. Gaes.(2008).The Impact of Prison Education Programs on Post-Release Outcomes. Roundtable on Education.Harer, M.D.(1995). Recidivism Among Federal Prisoners Released in 1987. Journal of Correctional Education, Vol. 46, No.3 pp. 98128Johnson, B. R. (2001). Reviewing and clarifying the role of religion in reducing crime and delinquency. Federal Probation, 65(3), 49-52.

Johnson, B. R. (2004). Religious programs and recidivism among former inmates in prison fellowship programs: A long-term follow-up study. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 329-354.

Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., Li, S. D., and Jang, S. J. (2000). Escaping from the crime of innercities: Church attendance and religious salience among disadvantaged youth. Justice Quarterly, 17,377-392.

Johnson, B. R., Larson, D. B., & Pitts, T. (1997). Religious programs, institutional adjustment, and recidivism among former inmates in Prison Fellowship programs. Justice Quarterly, 14,145-166.

Johnson, B. R., Tompkins, R. B. and Webb, D. (2002). Objective hope: Assessing the effectiveness of faith-based organizations: A review of literature. Retrieved November 7, 2008 from http://www.nicic.org/Library/020279Martin, J. E., and Carlson, C. R. (1988). Spiritual dimensions of health psychology. In W. Miller & J. Martin (Eds.), Behavior therapy and religion: Integrating spiritual and behavioral approaches to change (pp. 57-110). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Prisoner Rehabilitation (n.d).Retrieved February 7, 2014,http://www.rehabilitations.org./prisoner- rehabilitation.htmlPrison Programs (n.d). Retrieved February 7, 2014, http://listverse.com/2008/08/14/top-10-modern-prison-programs/ The Directorate for Inmates Welfare and Development Manual (1st ed.). (2013)BJMP Building 144 Mindanao Avenue Project 8, pp.3, 8,&22.APPENDICESAppendix A

Republic of the Philippines

CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE

Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet

Letter to the respondent

March 24, 2014

Dear Respondent:

I am conducting a research on the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) particularly at Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory. This research is entitled WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Master of Public Administration in which I am currently enrolled at the Cordillera Career Development College in Buyagan Poblacion La Trinidad, Benguet.

In this regard, may I ask you to kindly answer honestly and accurately as much as you could the attached questionnaire-checklist. Rest assured that the data gathered from you will be treated with utmost confidentiality and shall be strictly used for this study only.

By doing it well, this research will hopefully help in further improving the implementation of the IWDP not only in Baguio City jail-FD but also in the whole region if not the entire BJMP organization.

Thank you very much for your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

Milagrose L. Biniahan

Noted by:

ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.DAppendix B

Republic of the Philippines

CORDILLERA CAREER DEVELOPMENT COLLEGE

Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet

March 24, 2014

JCINSP MARY ANN OLLAGING-TRESMANIO

Warden, Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm

Abanao Street, Baguio City

Madam:

I am conducting a research on the implementation of Inmates Welfare and Development Program (IWDP) particularly at the Baguio City Jail- Female Dormitory. This research is entitled, WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL. It is a partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree, Master of Public Administration in which I am currently enrolled at Cordillera Career Development College in Buyagan Poblacion, La Trinidad, Benguet.

Relative to this, may I ask your permission to please allow me to distribute some questionnaire-checklist to some of the personnel and female inmates in the Baguio City Jail-Female Dormitory.

Thank you very much maam and hoping for your approval.Very truly yours,Milagrose L. Biniahan

Jail Officer 1

Noted by:

Researcher

ABELLO K. FERNANDO, Ph.D

Thesis Adviser

Approved/Disapproved:APPENDIX CQUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent:

The undersigned is conducting a research study entitled WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (WDP) TO FEMALE INMATES IN BAGUIO CITY JAIL that aims to provide recommendations for the enhancement of the rehabilitation programs and services of said institution.

May I request your very kind assistance by answering the attached questionnaire? Your responses shall be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Thank you.

Milagrose L. Biniahan

Researcher

Part I. Personal Data

Name:(Optional)_________________________________________

Age:________________ Civil Status:______________________

Length of Detention (for Inmates):______________________

Length of Service (for BJMP Officers):__________________

Part II. Inmates Welfare and Development Programs (IWDP) of Baguio City Jail- Female Dorm.

Directions: Level of implementation of the IWDP of BCJ FD. Please check the box each indicator using the scale below.Legend: 4 - Very Much Implemented (VMI)

3 - Much Implemented (MI)

2 Less Implemented (LI)

1 Not Implemented (NI)I. Level of Implementation of the IWDP at Baguio City Jail Female Dorm.

A. PROVISIONS OF BASIC NEEDS

INDICATORS4VMI3MI2SI1LI

1. Adequate food with nutritional value and good for health and strength.

2. Accommodations/cells are available and Suitable to associate with one another.

3. Provided with clothing which is suitable and in no manner be degrading or humiliating.

4. Water and hygiene supplies are provided to.

5. Keep their person clean.

6. Provided with bed and wash room in good order and ensure cleanliness.

7. Others, please specify

B. HEALTH SERVICES

INDICATORS4VMI3MI2SI1LI

1. Baguio City Jail-Female Dorm has health officers such as physician, nurse and dentist.

2. The jail is maintaining a medical clinic where sick inmates are examined, temporarily confined and given free medicines.

3. The health service unit is well organized to attain to the medical and dental need of inmates.

4. Sick inmates requiring specialize