STATUS IN WALES 56 1997ed.pdf · 66 Cubicle curtain track 67 Laboratory fitting out systems 68...

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HEALTH TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM 56

Building Component Series Partitions

2nd edition 1997

STATUS IN WALES

ARCHIVED

This document was superseded by Health Technical Memorandum 56

Partitions 3rd edition 2005

Health Technical Memorandum Building components

Partitions 56

London: The Stationery Office

Department of Healthand the Welsh Office

© Crown copyright material reproduced under licence from the Controller of HMSO and NHS Estates, an Executive Agencyof the Department of Health.

Applications for reproduction should be made to Copyright Unit, St. Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ.

First published 1997

ISBN 0 11 322010 3

Contents1 Introduction1.1 Background1.2 Scope and status1.3 Relationship to other data1.4 Terminology

2 Design and specification guidance: partitions2.1 General2.2 Dimensions2.2.1 Height

2.2.2 Length

2.2.3 Thicknesses

2.2.4 Dimensional co-ordination

2.2.5 Deviations and tolerances

2.3 Strength and stability2.4 Sound reduction2.5 Fire precautions2.5.1 Fire resistance

2.5.2 Cavity barriers

2.5.3 Smoke control

2.5.4 Surface spread of flame

2.6 Hygrothermal performance2.7 Biological attack2.8 Electrical bonding2.9 Shielding for radiation2.10 Protection2.11 Accommodation of engineering services2.12 Mass2.13 Movement

3 Specification guidance: finishes3.1 Categories of performance of finishes3.2 Applied wall finishes3.3 Preparation to receive finishes

4 Project documentation4.1 Drawings and schedules4.2 Bills of quantities4.3 Methods of procurement

5 Site practice5.1 General5.2 Fixing instructions5.3 Programming5.4 Storage of materials5.5 Setting out5.6 Standards of workmanship5.7 Provision of fixings

6 Maintenance6.1 General6.2 Repairs

AppendicesA Hollow plasterboard partitioningB Strength and stability of partitionsC Additional height partitionsD National Building Specification clausesE Guide to selection of finishes

References

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1 Introduction

1.1 BackgroundThis is one of a series of Health TechnicalMemoranda which provide specification and designguidance on building components for health buildings.The series supersedes all Component Data BaseMk3 (and earlier Manufacturers Data Base)information.The numbers and titles of the HTM in the series are:54 User Manual55 Windows56 Partitions57 Internal glazing58 Internal doorsets59 Ironmongery60 Ceilings61 Flooring62 Demountable storage systems63 Fitted storage system64 Sanitary assemblies65 Signs66 Cubicle curtain track67 Laboratory fitting out systems68 Ducts and panel assemblies69 Protection70 FixingsThe technical information in this series is the resultof research and development funded by theDepartment as part of collaborative workingarrangements over a number of years between theDepartment, the NHS and industry.Any enquiries regarding the technical content of thisHTM should be directed to:c/o ESE5th Floor, Churchgate HouseManchesterM60 7BL

1.2 Scope and statusThis HTM offers guidance on the design andspecification of partitions which will meet the generalrequirements of users and conditions of use in healthbuildings.This edition addresses the issues of partitionthicknesses/metal stud sizes, heights, relevant andcurrent legislation and substantiations of standardsof construction.There are also modifications to some sections ofthe guidance where technical experience of actualinstallations and recent developments have beenbrought into practice.Although this guidance is presented in the contextof requirements for non-load bearing partitions in newbuildings, much of it applies equally to the alterationor upgrading of existing buildings, to load bearingpartitions and walls, and to dry linings to masonryand concrete faces generally.This HTM does not contain any references to

manufacturers, products or services and is intendedfor guidance purposes only. Its use in no waydiminishes manufacturer responsibility for the fitnessfor purpose of his products, or design teamresponsibility for selection and application of themto meet project requirements.

1.3 Relationship to other dataThe main sources of data used in the preparation ofthis HTM are listed in the References section.This HTM was first prepared for printing in August1985 and revised in July 1989.This revised edition prepared in February 1996incorporates the relevant changes in BritishStandards and Codes of Practice and Guidanceissued by trade and other associates.Readers should ensure that they use the latestedition of all building legislation, European and BritishStandards, etc, and give first preference to productsand services from sources which have beenregistered under BSI Quality Assurance proceduresor equivalent procedures.Suppliers offering products other than to BritishStandards should provide evidence to show that theirproducts are at least equal to such standards.Sections of the National Building Specificationrelevant to partitions are listed in Appendix D.

1.4 TerminologyIn this HTM, the following definitions apply:partition – a non-load bearing internal wall, includingany finish, whose primary function is to physicallyseparate adjacent spaces;non-loadbearing – not supporting loads from otherelements of construction (eg upper floor, roof,staircase).

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2 Design andspecification guidance:partitions

2.1 GeneralThis section offers design and specification guidanceon:

• partitions constructed of metal framing andplasterboard, referred to in this and othersections as “hollow plasterboard partitions”(see preferred specification in Appendix A).

• partitions constructed of bricks or blocks, fairfaced, plastered or dry lined, referred to inthis and other sections as “masonrypartitions”.

It does not deal with relocatable partitions, which donot meet health building requirements for a jointlesssurface finish and the housing of engineeringservices, and are therefore generally more suitablefor office type buildings.It does not deal fully with partitions required toprovide radiological protection, which should be thesubject of specialist advice, (see 2.9).The design and specification of partitions should befully co-ordinated with that for ceilings, which latterin many types of health building are of the suspendedtype (see HTM 60).The most appropriate relationship between these twoelements is one in which the partitions:

• pass through the suspended ceilingmembrane;

• do not require support from the ceilingsystem;

• combine with the structural soffit to providefire-resisting compartmentation and soundinsulation where required; and in the case ofhollow plasterboard construction, provide thenecessary strength and stability of thepartition.

The choice between hollow plasterboard and masonrypartitions should be carefully considered in the lightof all the design, construction, and performanceconsiderations presented in this section and inSection 3.Where hollow plasterboard partitions are used thedesigner must take into account a number of criteriadealt with below.Consideration of these criteria had resulted in aspecification of 2 double layers of 9.5 mm wallboardon 60 mm studs at 600 mm centres. This wasconsidered satisfactory at up to 3600 mm heights.Recent experience has shown this construction tobe inadequate and manufacturers now recommendthat stud centres should be increased to 400 mmwith a 60 mm stud to achieve a 3600 height partition.To achieve a 4200 height the centres should beincreased to a 300 mm or boxed studs at 400 centresbe used. This also applies to the use of doubleframes.

The alternative of a 15 mm single layer board on70mm studs at 600 centres is a specification whichalso satisfies the majority of requirements in healthbuilding of strength, durability, sound insulation and30 mm fire resistance.However it is important that designers ensure thatthe partitions selected meet the specific projectcriteria and can be substantiated by the manufacturer.

2.2 Dimensions2.2.1 HeightGiven the above relationship between partition andsuspended ceiling, the overall height of the framingof a hollow plasterboard partition will be determinedby the vertical dimension from top of floor screed tostructural soffit whether or not the plasterboard facesare carried up full height to meet requirements forfire resistance and/or sound insulation.The overall height of masonry partitions will bedetermined by the vertical dimension from top ofstructural slab:

• to the structural soffit above, in cases wherethe partition is required to provide fireresistance and/or sound insulation;

• to one course of bricks or blocks above thesuspended ceiling panel grid, where fireresistance and/or sound insulationperformance is not required.

Height: The overall height of partitions in healthbuildings does not normally exceed 3600 mm butcan quite adequately rise to 4200 mm and abovewithout difficulty.

2.2.2 LengthPartitioning for health buildings should be capableof being erected in any length between fixed points.By the nature of their materials and form ofconstruction, both hollow plasterboard and masonrypartitions meet this requirement.

2.2.3 ThicknessesHollow plasterboard partitions constructed inaccordance with the preferred specifications inAppendix A have a nominal thickness of 100, withalternative thicknesses of 200 to 300.Masonry partitions vary in thickness according tobrick or block thicknesses (sized to BS 5628 Part 3)and to requirements for fair, plastered or dry-linedfaces.

2.2.4 Dimensional co-ordinationThe severe limitation which the variability ofthickness of masonry partitions imposes on theapplication of dimensional co-ordination via a 300drawing grid should be considered when making theinitial choice of partition type.

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2.2.5 Deviations and tolerancesThe following are the permissible deviations andtolerances for partitions with plasterboard or plasteredfaces, based on those in BS 8212.

• Permissible deviations from agreed settingout positions:

Line of measurement DeviationPartition face offset on plan fromagreed line or position, measured atthe setting out level (ceiling or floor) 3 mmPartition face offset from the vertical,measured above or below the agreedsetting out position 5 mm

• Permissible tolerances in erected partitionfaces:

Line of measurement TolerancePartition face from the straight lineconnecting the ends of the partition runto lie within a band of 10 mmThe measurements should be taken at approximately600 above finished floor level (FFL) and shouldinclude measurements vertically taken at measuringpoints.

• Permissible deviations in prepared surface(prior to decorative finish):

Line of measurement DeviationBetween points of contact under a 950straight edge + 3 mmExternal angles – projection from face + 4 mmInternal angles – projection from face + 5 mm

• Permissible tolerances in dimensions ofopenings are:Vertically + 5.0, –0 mmHorizontally + 10.0, –0 mm

• Permissible tolerance in thickness ofpartitions: ± 5 mm

2.3 Strength and stabilityPartitions should be capable of meeting therequirements of BS 5234 Part 2, 1992 to theappropriate duty category. These categories rangefrom light duty (domestic), medium duty (office),heavy duty (public circulation and industrial areas),severe duty (major circulation and heavy industrialareas).For example, where a partition is liable to be subjectedto crowd pressure, consideration should be givenwithin the design to meet the criteria as set out inBS 5234 Part 2, 1992 Annex G, such that thereshall be no collapse or damage that would renderthe partition dangerous due to any of it’s parts

becoming dislodged or shattered in a manner thatcould cause injury.The test required to determine resistance to crowdpressure requires that the partition is subjected to acontinuous load transmitted through a 2.5 mhorizontal beam at a set height and the maximumdeflection measured.

• A large heavy person leaning against apartition, or standing on a ladder leaningagainst a partition, should not flex the partitionto such an extent that it appears visiblyunsafe, causes cracking in the surroundingfinishes, or causes an unacceptable degreeof movement in shelves, worktops etc, fixedto it.

• Door slamming should not cause damage toa partition or its finishes.

• Heavy impacts caused by mobile equipmentor vehicles, should not displace a partition,cause its collapse, or cause damage noteasily repaired.

• Soft body impact caused by shoulder impactor by persons falling against a partition shouldnot damage it.

• Hard body impacts from trolleys, wheelchairsetc, should not perforate the partition, norcause damage that cannot be easily repaired.

• Fixings for lightweight items such as mirrors,small fire extinguishers, and towel dispensers,may be required anywhere on the face of anunreinforced partition.

• Fixings for heavyweight items such as washbasins, worktops, cupboards and shelvingmay be required. These may take the form ofadditional framing in hollow partitions orspecial fixings in lightweight masonrypartitions. Factors of safety of between2 to 4 should be taken into account whendetermining fixings into masonry partitions.

• All sanitary appliances are required to supporta live load of 140 kg, which may need to besupported by the partition.

• Differential pressures caused by airmovement around and through the buildingshould not cause any perceptible movementin the partition. This may require particularconsideration to be given to the perimeterfixings of hollow plasterboard partitions.

Masonry partitions constructed in accordance withBS 5628 and hollow plasterboard partitionsconstructed in accordance with the specificationsin Appendix A should meet the above conditions.With regard to the fixing of basins, sinks or urinalsto hollow plasterboard or soft plastered masonrypartitions, consideration must be given to the fixingsto avoid indentation by brackets or fixing plates. Theuse of plastic laminate-faced back panels, alsoacting as splashbacks, is recommended. Additionalframing and trimming may be required in hollowpartitions.See Appendix B for details of tests covering theforegoing requirements. Test evidence should be

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obtained to cover hollow plasterboard partitions andthin or lightweight masonry partitions.

2.4 Sound reductionNon-loadbearing partitions can be grouped into thefollowing grades according to their ability to providecertain minimum levels of airborne sound insulation.Grade Minimum airborne weighted sound

reduction index (BS 5821) dB (Rw)A no requirementB 33C 38D 43E 48F 53The following matrix of activity spaces has beencompiled to assist the design team in determining asuitable sound insulation grade (see above) for somecommon partition situations in clinical areas. Theserelate only to the partition between any two adjacentspaces.

Relationships between activity spaces indicated by★ in the above matrix should be “designed out”because satisfactory sound insulation of a partitionbetween may require special construction.The above matrix covers the most common andrepresentative types of activity space in healthbuildings. The performance requirements of othersnot included can be determined by consideration ofthe following:

• Some examples of the relative effectivenessof sound reduction between rooms with lowlevels of background noise are:33dB – normal conversation will be heard

clearly43dB – normal conversation may still be

intelligible53dB – normal conversation will be audible

but not intelligible.

• The higher the level of background noise in aroom, the lower the sound reduction valueneeds to be in order to maintain speechprivacy (down to approximately 40dB).

• The background noise level in a room is acombination of noise generated within theroom, and that coming into the room fromadjacent rooms and from the externalenvironment. Typical background noise levelsare:

dBquiet bedroom 30average small office 45busy restaurant 58average conversation 65loud radio music 82Note that the background noise level can beartificially raised (eg by playing backgroundmusic) in order to enhance speech privacy inareas where this is of particular importance,but clearly the means adopted would need tobe compatible with the room functions.

• Other more general design and constructionconsiderations are that the sound insulationperformance of a partition will be significantlyreduced if:o perimeter junctions with other elements,and around pipes and ducts are not adequatelysealed;o doors and/or internal glazing of lessersound insulation performance than that of thepartition are introduced;o ducts are not fitted with sound attenuatorsat the point of penetration of the partition;o engineering terminals are located back toback.Note that adequate sealing of perimeterjunctions of partitions in the higherperformance range will call for the use of acontinuous seal applied at the constructionstage.

However, this guidance is general only, as thequestion of sound insulation is a complex andsometimes subjective matter and the solutionschosen must be subject to the project requirements.

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The following is a table of sound reductionperformance of hollow plasterboard partitions basedon tests:Grade Construction dB(Rw)

C One 12.5 mm wallboard eachside of 70 mm studs 38

C One 15 mm wallboard eachside of 70 mm studs 39

D Two 9.5 mm wallboards eachside of 60 mm studs 43

D One 12.5 mm wallboard eachside of 70mm studs with 25 mm(min) glass fibre mat (11 kg/m3)in cavity 44

D One 15 mm wallboard eachside of 70 mm studs with 25 mm(min) mineral wool matt (16 kg/m3)in cavity 43

E Two 12.5 mm wallboards eachside of 70mm studs with 25 mm(min) mineral wool matt (16 kg/m3)in cavity 49

F Two 12.5 mm wallboards eachside of 146 mm studs with 50 mm(min) mineral wool matt (16 kg/m3)in cavity 53

E Two 9.5 mm wallboards eachside of 60 mm studs with 25 mm(min) glass fibre mat (11 kg/m3)in cavity 48

E Two 12.5 mm wallboards eachside of 70 mm studs 48

E Two 12.5 mm wallboards eachside of 146 mm studs 49

F Two 12.5 mm wallboards eachside of 70 mm studs with 25 mm(min) glass fibre mat (11 kg/m3)in cavity 53

Whilst these are examples, full substantiation needsto be obtained from manufacturers.

The following is a table of sound reductionperformance of masonry partitions calculated on thebasis of their mass:Grade Construction Mass

kg/m 2 dBB 75 mm hollow clay blocks

plastered both sides 107 36B 112.5 mm brickwork

unplastered 220 35-40C 75 mm clinker blocks

plastered both sides 146 41D 112.5 mm brickwork

plastered both sides 270 45E 225 mm brickwork

plastered both sides 500 50E 175 mm dense concrete

plastered both sides 460 50F 337.5 mm brickwork

plastered both sides 700 53

F 450 mm brickworkplastered both sides 925 55

The final choice of grade of partition may beinfluenced by variety reduction. This could result insome cases where slightly less than the desirablesound reduction is achieved.

2.5 Fire precautions2.5.1 Fire resistanceThe resistance of partitions in health buildings tocollapse, passage of flame, and transference of heatwhen exposed to fire, should meet the requirementsof Firecode, in particular HTM 81 – ‘Fire precautionsin new hospitals’, or Building Regulations ApprovedDocument Part B.The following notes are intended to act as a (by nomeans exhaustive) guide to the building designer inmeeting the requirements of the Building Regulationsand Firecode guidance specifically concerned withfire precautions.

• As indicated in 2.1, the preferred arrangementin health buildings is one in which fire-resistingpartitions pass through suspended ceilingsto the soffit of the structural floor above, andsuspended ceilings play no part in protectingthe structure.

• Experience has shown that hollowplasterboard partitions may sometimes bevulnerable to reduction of performance by theinsertion of engineering services and/orcombustible materials in the cavity.

• Plasterboard partitions carrying heavyservices and achieving one hour fireresistance can be easily designed to theappropriate standard.

• Hollow plasterboard partitions constructed inaccordance with the technical details inAppendix A are suitable for situations callingfor half-hour and one hour fire resistance.

• Engineering services within or passingthrough fire-resisting partitions (whether ofmasonry or hollow plasterboard construction)should (a) be kept to a minimum and complywith the Building Regulations and Firecodeguidance in respect of size and specificationof pipes, and (b) be fire stopped to a ratingequal to that of the partition (see 2.11).

• All perimeter junctions between fire-resistingpartitions and other structural elements mustbe similarly fire-stopped.

• Automatic fire dampers and ducting must beindependently supported from the structurewhere they pass through fire-resisting hollowplasterboard partitions.

• Refer to the Building Regulations for notionalperiods of fire resistance for masonrypartitions.

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2.5.2 Cavity barriersCavity barriers are required in hollow plasterboardpartitions to prevent the passage of smoke and flamealong continuous voids.These should be located:a) immediately above a fire-resisting suspendedceiling if the plasterboard faces terminate there, todisconnect the partition void from the ceiling void;b) at intervals along the length of a partition to sub-divide the partition void;c) at openings in the partition.The above requirements also apply to dry linings tomasonry partitions.Cavity barriers may also be required to sub-dividethe void between suspended ceilings and thestructure above within a sub-compartment to achievethe maximum dimensions between such cavitybarriers required by Firecode. In some cases thesecan be provided by upward extension of partitionsto the structural soffit, in others, by separate infill ofthe void. In both cases it will be necessary to adopta form of construction which has the necessary halfhour fire resistance and facility for cutting and firestopping around engineering services.

2.5.3 Smoke controlThe extent to which spread of smoke has been thecause of fatalities in health buildings is not as yetadequately covered by technical data or means ofcontrol. Thus fire stopping as referred to above isthe only essential means of controlling the spreadof smoke.

2.5.4 Surface spread of flameVertical surfaces in health buildings are generallyrequired by the Building Regulations to have a surfacespread of flame rating of Class 0.Class 0 is not a classification identified in any BritishStandard test. Class 0 surface spread of flame isthe classification achieved by a material orcomposite product which is either:

a. composed throughout of materials of limitedcombustibility; or

b. a class 1 material (when tested in accordancewith BS 476: Part 7: 1971 or 1987) which,when tested in accordance with BS 476: Part6: 1981 or 1989, has a fire propagation index(i) of not more than 12 and a subindex (i

1) of

not more than 6;The surface of any plastics material, having asoftening point not exceeding 120°C (BS 2782), shallnot be regarded as Class 0 unless:

• when bonded to a non-plastics substrate, theysatisfy the above requirement; or

• when bonded to a plastics substrate, havinga softening point exceeding 120°C, theysatisfy the above requirement and thesubstrate alone, if exposed as the surfacefinish, would also satisfy the aboverequirement.

Note that Class 0 surface spread of flame is notincluded in BS 476.Site applied finishes may change the surface spreadof flame characteristics of the partition and testresults should be obtained from the finishesmanufacturer (see 3.1).

2.6 Hygrothermal performancePartitions for general use, in areas of normalhumidity, with their finishes, should be capable ofwithstanding:

• 25% to 65% relative humidity over atemperature range of 10°C to 25°C;

• intermittent contact with water and watervapour.

Partitions for use in areas of high humidity, with theirfinishes, should be capable of withstanding:

• 25% to 100% relative rumidity over atemperature range of 10°C to 30°C;

• sustained contact with water and watervapour.

The temperature ranges apply to indoor ambient airtemperatures in occupied buildings. More onerousconditions may be encountered in the vicinity ofheating and cooking appliances where rapid changesfrom 0°C to 25°C have been known to coincide withhumidity levels down to 25% relative humidity.Performance criteria for the normal range of healthbuilding conditions of use are given in Section 3,but manufacturers of proposed surface finishesshould be consulted regarding limitations ofperformance of their products in the more onerousconditions.A guidance note on the storage of materials prior toinstallation is given in Section 5.

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2.7 Biological attackPartitions should not comprise materials whichpromote or sustain the growth of fungi, micro-organisms, or insects.

Hollow plasterboard partitions, when appropriatelydetailed, are suitable for kitchen larder, wash up orother similar areas.

Solid partitions construction is an alternative.

A typical specification clause regarding biologicalattack is given in Appendix A.

2.8 Electrical bondingAll electrical installation work must be wired inaccordance with the current edition of the IEEregulations for Electrical Installations.

2.9 Shielding for radiationHollow plasterboard partitions can be used for areascontaining X-ray and other forms of radiation emittingequipment which require shielding. Heavy masonryconstruction with or without barium plaster finish isalso used for these areas. Where a partition or walllining enclose an X-ray room, a laminate of lead andplasterboard fixed to a metal framing is suitable. Inaddition, a leaded sandwich infill can be introducedinto the studs at panel joints and screw fixings inorder to maintain the integrity of the X-ray shielding.Reference should be made to the NationalRadiological Protection Board or Hospital Physicistto determine the appropriate lead thickness.

2.10 ProtectionProtection against mechanical damage should beconsidered in all areas where the partitions may besubjected to hard body impact from mobileequipment.It is recommended that:

• at the design stage, consideration should begiven to the nature and volume of traffic asdefined in BS 5234 including crowd pressureand consequent requirements regarding theconfiguration of circulation routes and corridorand door widths, which if inadequate, can bea substantial contributory cause of damage;

• at the design stage, consideration should alsobe given to the use of durable impact resistantgypsum wallboard, buffer rails and cornerguards and the necessary provisions for fixingthem. The following is intended to give ageneral indication only of such requirements;

• design stage decisions involving partitionsshould cover doorsets, ironmongery, andinternal glazing, and should be co-ordinatedwith commissioning decisions regardingselection of mobile equipment andrequirements for buffering;

• protection measures should be reviewed whenthe building has been in use for a reasonableperiod and the success or otherwise of theearlier decisions are apparent;

• reference to HTM 69 – ‘Protection’ should bemade when considering details and forms ofprotection.

2.11 Accommodation ofengineering servicesThe void in partitions will accommodate the majorityof electrical and piped services and the diameter ofsuch services running horizontally will be limited bythe width of the cut outs in the metal studsWhere more space is required in the void,consideration should be given to thicker partitionsup to 300 mm.Other solutions/variations can be used, provided theyare substantiated by manufacturers.Pipework must be tested and accepted before thepartition is finally boarded up. Access should beprovided for maintenance and repair. If, for anyreason, it is not possible to provide access toservices, pipes should be installed in unjointedlengths. Particular care is required with gasinstallations.Pipes and conduits should generally be held securelyin position by fixings within the cavity.The provision of fixings and chases for services inmasonry partitions must conform with therecommendations of BS 5628.Recommendations for the provision of certain bedhead services are contained in HTM 68.Fire resistance and/or sound insulation performancecan be impaired by inadequate detailing ofengineering services in partitions. Services inpartitions must comply with the recommendationsof HTM 81.

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Back to back positioning of engineering terminalsshould be avoided wherever possible, particularly infire-resisting partitions.Panel assemblies for sanitary appliances should beset in recesses which do not reduce the fireresistance of the partition.In hollow plasterboard, particularly if back to backlocations are unavoidable, the following solutionshave been proven by tests to BS 476 Parts 20 and22 for at least 30 mins fire resistance.

• Provide noggings to all sides of boxes.• Increase studs to 70 mm thick thereby

allowing a 10 mm air space between backsof boxes.

• This space may be filled with 9.5 mmplasterboard to increase fire resistance.

• If it is not possible to increase the studs to70 mm thick, then 2 mm graphite basedintumescent sheet placed between the backsof boxes will give well over 30 mins. fireresistance.

Similar parameters apply to service terminals inmasonry partitions. Evidence on fire resistanceshould be sought from the blockwork manufacturersfor back to back situations.Appendix A illustrates some of these details.

2.12 MassHealth building structures designed in accordancewith the recommendations in BS 6399 Part 1 willhave had the actual weights of partitions included intheir calculations, or an appropriate allowance forloads imposed by partitions whose exact position isnot known. The minimum allowance recommendedin the standard is 1 kN/m2, being equivalent to apartition weight of 305 kg/m run. Partitions exceedingthe following limits will necessitate special attentionto the building structure.

Height Massmm kg/m2

3600 844200 72

2.13 MovementDeflection of upper floor and roof slabs cansometimes cause appreciable stress in partitions.Where such deflection is likely to occur, the partitionto structural soffit junction detail must be designedas a movement joint.However, the partitions with such details should stillcomply with the test standards in Appendix B.Masonry partitions must be provided with movementjoints at frequent intervals in their length, inaccordance with BS 5628 Part 3.Similarly, where partitions cross a movement jointin a structural floor or roof slab, they should beprovided with a movement joint at the same point,and capable of the same range of movement as thefloor or roof joint. Note that the jointing material tothe partition will need to match the relatively lowmechanical strength of partition materials.Hollow plasterboard partitions may be able to acceptminor structural movements. The manufacturers orsponsors of each system should be consulted foradvice.

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o normal humidity – 25% to 65% relativehumidity over an air temperature rangeof 10°C to 25°C, and able to withstandintermittent contact with water and watervapour;

• hygiene – capable of withstanding theappropriate indicative cleaning routine, as setout below:

NB: Surface spread of flame:Applied finishes may change the surface spread offlame characteristics of the partition and test resultsshould be obtained from the finishes manufacturers.For Firecode requirements for surface spread offlame for health buildings see 2.5.4.

3 Specificationguidance: finishes

3.1 Categories ofperformance of finishesSix performance categories have been establishedas a means of relating user requirements for wallfinishes to the physical and performancecharacteristics of finishes available on the market.These categories are used as a convenient methodof stating user requirements in the Guide to theselection of finishes in Appendix E and in the ActivityData Base and Nucleus Data Packs.

The physical and performance characteristics of wallfinishes may be defined as:

• impervious – able to resist the penetration ofwater, solutions containing detergents,disinfectants and other liquids likely to beencountered in health buildings;

• jointless – without joints or having joints whichare sealed by methods and materials whichmake the whole surface impervious andprevents the collection of dirt and bacteria inthe joint;

• smooth – no coarser than brush applied mattemulsion paint on a flat plastered surfacewithout projections, indents or holes part waythrough the material;

• moisture resistance:o high humidity – 25% to 100% relative

humidity over an air temperature rangeof 10°C to 30°C, and able to withstandsustained contact with water and watervapour

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3.2 Applied wall finishesThe finishes listed below are suggested as theminimum acceptable for the categories indicated:

In each category several suitable finishes are listed.It is necessary for the specifier to consider theproperties of the various materials in respect of:

• durability;• resistance to fungal and bacterial attack;• resistance to cracking;• resistance to abrasion.Only then should the final selection be made.Finishes should be selected with full considerationof capital cost and subsequent maintenance costs.Consideration should be given to the long-termavailability of proprietary finishes where an exactmatch might be required.Notes on the selection of finishes:

• Paints – a matt finish is the most suitable forappearance as gloss finishes accentuate evenminor surface imperfections. Spray appliedtextured and flecked paints have been foundto be very satisfactory in use and inappearance.

• PVC sheet – PVC sheet can be fixed with avariety of adhesives and the joints can bewelded making it suitable for use in wet areas.Arrises and internal angles should beradiused to allow for the thickness of thematerial.

• Plastics finishes – proprietary spray appliedjointless finishes are available to provide ahygienic, waterproof, easily cleaned surfacesuitable for areas where large amounts ofwater are used for cleaning (eg operatingdepartments).

3.3 Preparation to receivefinishesThe partition erector should leave the partitionsurfaces ready to receive finishes by others:

• Paint – preparation of partitions generally toreceive paint should be as recommended inBS 6150: 1982 Code of practice for paintingof buildings.

• Wallpaper, paper backed vinyls and PVCsheet – porous surfaces should be primed toseal the surface.

The erector should prepare the partition surface forpainting by applying one or two coats of a dualpurpose pigmented primer by brush or roller.Dual purpose pigmented primers may also act toseal the surface in preparation for sheet and tilefinishes.Areas of ceramic tiling will require modification tothe basic specification of the partition with referenceto manufacturer’s recommendations, e.g. closerframing support centres and the use of moisture-resistant plasterboard or surface sealing to protectthe gypsum board.Refer also to the British Ceramic Tile Council’sTechnical Specifications.

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4 Project documentation

4.1 Drawings and schedulesThe architectural and engineering design processesshould produce finally agreed and fully co-ordinatedpartition layouts and, where appropriate, wallelevations presenting the following information:

• partition type and thickness;

• ceiling height or full height boarding for hollowplasterboard partitions;

• the location and overall sizes of openings fordoorsets and internal glazing;

• the location and overall sizes of user andenvironmental engineering terminals andaccess panels;

• the location and sizes of sanitary assemblies,storage units, worktops, signs, cubicle curtaintracks and other partition mounted fixtures;

• where relevant the location of studs, includingstuds at openings, junctions and for reinforcingpartition framing to accept fixings;

• the identification and location of builder’s workin connection with partitions.

Schedules of partition finishes, including site appliedfinishes, should be prepared as part of the schedulesof room finishes.Hollow plasterboard partitioning is specified inAppendix A which is intended for use as sourcematerial for the preparation of project specifications,drawings and schedules of finishes.The National Building Specification is widely usedfor health building work and specifiers should referto Appendix D for a list of sections relevant topartitions.

4.2 Bills of quantitiesThe measurement of masonry on square metres inaccordance with the Standard Method ofMeasurement (SMM) presents no problems for thequantity surveyor. However, this is not the case withhollow plasterboard partitions as they are ofcomposite construction. If measured in squaremetres a tenderer would not be able to make anaccurate allowance in the prices for head and floorchannels, or for the absence of plasterboard aboveceiling level in the case of ceiling height boarding.Consideration should therefore be given to departingfrom the SMM in this instance and instead measuringhollow plasterboard partitions in linear metres, acrossopenings, fully describing the construction and facingmaterial. If a proprietary version of the partitionsystem detailed in Appendix A has been selectedthen its name should be stated. Openings should beenumerated stating their size and purpose, includingtrimming around and extra framing, lintels and timberinserts.

If such a departure from the SMM is made then itshould be stated in the bills and the method ofmeasurement adopted described. The SMMauthorises this departure and it has been approvedin principle by the Standing Joint Committee for theSMM.Whichever method of measurement is used, the billsshould state that the hollow plasterboard partitionsare to comply with the specification in Appendix A.

4.3 Methods of procurementProcurement of both masonry and hollowplasterboard partitions will be by the main contractorwithin a main contract. Masonry would generally bebuilders’ work, and hollow plasterboard partitionsgenerally specialist sub-contractors’ work.Hollow plasterboard partitioning is normally suppliedand erected as a proprietary system.Specifiers should only select a system that complieswith the specification in Appendix A and erectorswho have been approved by the proprietors of thatsystem.The method of appointing a specialist hollowplasterboard partition erector will vary according tothe form of contract adopted, eg the JCT 80, theIFC 84 etc, and local practice.Where the design team wishes to exercise somecontrol over the appointment, a list of at least threefirms of erectors should be included in the bills andmain contractors instructed to obtain competitivetenders from these. The successful erector thenbecomes a domestic sub-contractor to the maincontractor.Where the design team does not consider itnecessary to name firms of erectors, the maincontractor should be instructed to obtain tenders fromapproved firms of his choice.In preparing the list of tenderers for hollow partitions,consideration should be given to the inclusion onlyof firms who are members of a recognised tradeassociation and who are approved by the proprietorsor sponsors of the partition system. The Federationof Plastering and Dry Wall Contractors are suchbodies.

12

5 Site practice

5.1 GeneralThis section sets out guide lines for good practicein installing partitions. If any of the items are to bemade contractually binding, they should be includedin the contract documentation.

5.2 Fixing instructionsMasonry partitions should be constructed inaccordance with BS 5628 Part 3, and hollowplasterboard with BS 8212 1995 and BS 8000Part 8.Hollow plasterboard partitions should be erectedstrictly in accordance with the instructions providedby the proprietor of the system, and the erectorshould provide the main contractor and sitesupervisory staff with copies of these instructions.

5.3 ProgrammingPartitions should not be erected until the buildinghas been weather sealed and appropriate temperatureand humidity conditions maintained.Masonry partitions should be erected directly on thestructural base. Floor screeds may then be laid at alater stage in the programme.Hollow plasterboard partitions are generally erectedon floor screeds, or on monolithic finishes in whichcase all screeds and monolithic finishes in the areashould be complete and thoroughly dried out.Hollow plasterboard partitions may also be erectedon screed depth haunchings, timber plates, etcbefore floor screeds are laid.Where partitions penetrate the ceiling zone theseshould be erected, together with any cavity barriers,before the ceiling is installed.Co-ordination with the installation and testing ofservices is essential.Hollow plasterboard partitions which contain servicesshould be erected in three stages:

• erect partition frame and clad one side withboards;

• install services and fixings;

• after the service installation has been testedand accepted, clad the remaining side of thepartition and complete the partition on bothsides.

5.4 Storage of materialsMaterials should be stored under cover in accordancewith BS 8212 1995 and BS 8000 Part 8 and inaccordance with the manufacturer’s instructions toreduce the risk of damage.

5.5 Setting outThe main contractor should provide the partitionerector with suitable reference points, which mustbe maintained throughout the period of the sub-contract. He should also set out lines of partitionruns, openings, services, fittings and components.These should be agreed before work is carried out.

5.6 Standards of workmanshipAll work should be carried out in accordance withthe appropriate British Standard Codes of Practice,ie:BS 5234: Partitions (including matching linings)BS 5492: 1990 Code of Practice for internal plasteringBS 5628: Code of Practice for use of masonryBS 8212: Code of Practice for dry lining andpartitioning using gypsum plasterboardBS 8000: Workmanship on Building Sites Part 8,Code of Practice for Plasterboard Partitions and DryLiningsTo provide a reference point for standards ofworkmanship throughout the project a sample of eachtype of partition should be erected in a sample roomor area and the standard of workmanship approvedbefore the work proceeds.

5.7 Provision of fixingsConsideration should be given to the types andpositions of fixings to be used for components whichrequire support from the partition, particularly forcomponents such as sanitary assemblies anddemountable and fitted storage where additionalstrengthening of the partition will be required.Proprietary fixing devices should be used in accordancewith the manufacturer’s recommendations, using a factorof safety of 2 to 4.Hollow plasterboard partitions can be designed toaccept most loadings met in health buildings. Testscarried out have shown that the heaviest loadingsfor cantilevered worktops and storage units inHTM 63 can be supported by the use of suitablyfixed softwood grounds. The cantilever brackets orcorbel carcases should be screwed to timber groundswith suitable wood screws. Alternatively, 38 mm widegrounds screwed to metal studs are suitable.Plasterboard skins should be screwed to timbergrounds.Aerated autoclaved concrete block partitions requireindividual large fixings rather than several closetogether, penetrating at least 70 mm into blockwork.Medicine cupboards should be fixed as described inHTM 62 and 63 and comply with BS 2881.Additional data on fixing is contained in HTM 70

13

6 Maintenance

6.1 GeneralA project maintenance manual should be compiledby the architect and handed to the maintenance staffat practical completion of the contract.The manual should include the following information:

• names of partition system and its proprietor;

• partition construction and finish;

• sound insulation grade;

• fire rating;

• special partitions (eg X-ray resistance);

• surface spread of flame class;

• recommendations for fixings;

• instructions on cleaning and maintenance.

6.2 RepairsProprietors of hollow plasterboard partitions systemsshould provide written instructions on the repair andmaintenance of their products for use of maintenancestaff.

Repairs to plasterboardMinor damage: superficial damage, including deepindents provided that the plaster core is intact, shouldbe repaired by lightly rubbing down any roughnessor burring of the paper surface with fine sandpaper,then filling the damaged area flush with finishingcompound in two applications. The specified surfacefinish should be used to conceal the repair.Damaged core, broken edges: remove loosematerial. Score paper about 15 mm away from soundplaster on the edges. Peel paper away and apply acoat of PVA sealer over the exposed surface andcut edge of surrounding paper. Fill the hole withbedding compound and strike off flush. When set,apply finishing compound in two applications. Thespecified surface finish should be used to concealthe repair.Major damage: enlarge the hole to a square orregular shape and lightly sandpaper the edges toremove any roughness or burring of the paper surface.Cut a new piece of board of the same type andspecification 3 mm narrower and 100 mm longer thanthe hole. Using bedding compound, or other adhesive,fix the piece of board across the back of the aperture.When the material has set, stick further pieces ofplasterboard with bedding compound to finish flushwith the partition surface. When these have set, treatthe joints as previously specified for cut edges.Alternatively, make a large cut-out from the centreof the nearest stud to the centre of the adjoiningstud. Remove the damaged piece of board and cut

a new piece of the same type and specification to fitthe hole. Fit noggings to support the cut edges, thennail or screw further pieces of board to finish flushwith the partition surface. Treat joints as previouslydescribed for cut edges.

14

Appendices

A Hollow plasterboardpartitioningHollow plasterboard partitions can be constructedto a wide variety of thicknesses, height, strengthand with a variety of board thicknesses, stud andchannel sizes and gauges.The specification following describes a “standard”100 thick partition with studs at 600 centres andplasterboard on either side, which has beensuccessfully used in health buildings for twodecades.BS 8212 Code of practice for drylining should befollowed for recommendations for materials,workmanship and methods of installation.

A1 DescriptionThe hollow plasterboard partition consists of:

• galvanised steel channels secured to floorand structural soffit;

• galvanised steel studs normally of 600centres set into channels at head and footand having knock outs or cut outs toaccommodate horizontal service runs;

• additional studs at junctions, corners andopenings;

• bracings, noggings and fixings as required;

• appropriate layers of plasterboard to eachside of the steel framing with boards laid tobreak joint. The outer layer of boards havetaper edges;

• stopping, filling, taping and finishing materialfor joint treatment;

• sealer or primer coat(s) over all exposedsurfaces;

• acoustic quilt as required.The partition is constructed in thicknesses of:

• 100 mm;

• 200 mm to 300 mm in 25 mm increments.The 200 to 300 mm thicknesses can comprise twoindependent rows of stud framing braced together.The partition has plasterboard facings to:

• full height from floor to structural soffit;

• ceiling height.Ceiling height boarding extends from floor to100 mm minimum above the ceiling membrane;the framing continuing unboarded to the structuralsoffit. Where the boarding height exceeds 900 mm,design advice should be obtained from the partitionsupplier.

A2 SpecificationA2.1 GeneralTest evidenceThe erector shall provide written evidence to prove

that the partition offered has been successfullytested for strength and stability and complieswith the performance requirements set out inAppendix B.Co-ordinationThe erector and main contractor shall co-ordinatethe work in accordance with BS 5234 and BS 8212.

OperativesThe erector shall employ only operatives who havebeen fully trained in the system.

Control sampleA representative area of partition shall be erectedas a control sample and approved beforeproceeding with the work.

Materials and workmanshipThe materials and workmanship shall comply withBS 8212 and as follows.

Materials handling and storageMaterials shall be handled and stored on site strictlyin accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions– BS 5234 and BS 8212.

A2.2 MaterialsMaterials shall comply with BS 8212 and with thefollowing requirements and with the relevantsections of the British Standards quoted:

• gypsum wallboard to BS 1230 Part 1 withexposed surfaces suitable to receivedecoration direct; boards to be 1200 mmwide.

• framing fabricated from hot dipped metalcoated mild steel sheet to BS EN 10143:1993 and BS EN 1047:1992:o 0.55 mm for channels and for studs

up to 3600 mm higho 0.70 mm for studs from 3600 mm to

4200 mm high.All sections shall be stamped or indelibly markedwith the name of the partition system to complywith BS 7364:1990.Studs should have appropriately spaced cut outsor knock outs to accommodate services.

• Timber noggings and the like shall bevacuum impregnated softwood with noknots wider than half the width of the section.

• Screws for fixing plasterboard shall be toNo. 6 gauge, phosphate or zinc platefinished, self drilling and tapping, trumpethead drywall screws with cross heads of theappropriate lengths and type or asmanufacturers’ recommendations.

• Jointing compounds and tapes, externalangle tape and dry lining, beads should beas recommended by the plasterboardsupplier and to BS 6452.

15

• Cavity barrier strip shall be mineral wool orother approved material.

• Acoustic quilt shall be mineral wool or otherapproved material of not less than 25 mmthickness.

• The following materials shall comply with thesystem proprietor’s recommendations:1. dual purpose pigmented primer or

sealer in one or more coats;2. angle bead.

All constituent parts of a partition shall be usedand handled in accordance with the COSHH andCHIP 1993 recommendations, and shall not containconstituents which would be detrimental to thecomfort or safety of users or which is known to giveoff appreciably toxic products during combustion.(CHIP: Chemicals Hazard Information andPackaging Regulations 1993.)

A2.3 Setting outThe partitions shall be set out accurately to line,level and plumb and shall be within the followingpermissible deviations:

• partition face offset on plan from agreed lineor position measured at floor or ceiling level

3 mm

• partition face offset from the verticalmeasured above or below the agreedsetting out position

5 mm

A2.4 Erection of framingFloor and soffit channels and studs at junctionswith the structure shall be fixed with the appropriateproprietary fixings at 600 mm centres into thestructure.Studs shall be positioned at maximum 600 mmcentres maintaining sequence across openings.Additional full height studs shall be provided atjambs of openings, angles, intersections, stop endsand to support all vertical edges of boards.Additional horizontal support members shall befixed to studs at:

• lintels;

• cills;

• horizontal board joints;

• top edge of ceiling height boarding.Additional bearers, noggings etc, shall beaccurately positioned and securely fixed to theframing to support fixtures, fittings and services.Their positions shall be marked on the plasterboardfacing for following trades.Twin stud framing shall be cross braced atappropriate centres as recommended by partitionsupplier.Acoustic sealant, where specified, shall be appliedas a continuous bead to clean, dry, dust freesurfaces leaving no gaps at boundaries of the work.Framing at joints and heads of openings shall beaccurately positioned and fixed to form square,

plumb openings within the permissible deviationsof:

• width (horizontal) + 10 – 0 mm;

• height (vertical) + 5 – 0 mm.The deviation in the thickness between partitionfaces should not exceed +/– 5 mm.Openings to receive doorsets, internal glazing,access panels, service terminals and equipmentshall be formed around a template to ensuredimensional accuracy. Details of templates shallbe obtained from the appropriate manufacturer ofthe component.Appropriate detailing should be considered forforming joints and heads of openings such asadditional metal channels or timber inserts.Fixings should avoid points in the metal framingwhere there is more than one thickness of metal,unless full penetration of all thicknesses is ensured.

A2.5 Fixing plasterboardBoards shall be cut neatly and accurately withoutdamage to the core or tearing of the paper facing.Cut edges shall be kept to a minimum andpositioned at internal angles wherever possible.No cut edges shall be left exposed.Boards shall be securely and firmly fixed. Thefinished surface shall be flush, smooth, flat andfree from bowing and abrupt changes of level.Damaged boards shall not be used.Boards shall be fixed to each stud and along alledges with drywall screws at:

• not more than 300 mm centres;

• not less than 10 mm from the bound edgeof the board;

• not less than 13 mm from a cut edge;

• not more than 60 mm or less than 40 mmfrom the corner of any board.

Fixings should avoid points in the metal framingwhere there is more than one thickness of metal,unless full penetration of all thicknesses is ensuredby pilot drilling. Failure so to do will normally resultin full penetration of the first layer, partial or nilpenetration of the second or subsequent layer,forcing the layers apart and causing a bulge in theplasterboard face.Heads of screws shall not finish proud of the boardsurface, nor shall they break the paper or thegypsum core.To ensure that joints are not located on the samestud, boarding shall commence on one side of theframing with a full width board and on the otherwith a half width board. Joints in the outer layer ofboard shall be staggered with those of the innerlayer.Continue boarding with full width boards cut outfor openings. Cut width boards over openingsshould not be used.Where services and support members are to beaccommodated within the cavity, one side shall beboarded but not jointed. After services have been

16

installed and tested the other side shall be boarded.Both sides shall then be jointed and the partitioncompleted by fixing, jointing and finishing thesecond layer of plasterboard on both sides.

A2.5.1 CDM Regulations 1994All erection of hollow stud partition work mustcomply with the requirements of Construction(Design and Management) Regulations 1994,including the lifting and moving of plasterboardsheets.

A2.6 JointingVertical joints within continuous runs of partitioningshall be between tapered edges of boards; jointsbetween tapered edges of boards shall be lightlybutted and a maximum 3 mm gap left between cutor unbound edges.All joints and gaps shall be filled with a jointingsystem as recommended by the suppliers. All jointsshall be finished to leave a flush, smooth, jointlesssurface.Two coats of finishing compound shall be appliedat external angles.External angles shall be finished in accordancewith the manufacturer’s instructions.Horizontal joints below ceiling level are not normallyacceptable. Where these are unavoidable thereshall be a support behind the joint and theproposed detail shall be approved beforeproceeding with the work.

A2.7 Cavity barriersCavity barriers may be required by the BuildingRegulations to be provided in hollow plasterboardpartitions to limit the risk of the spread of fire.Cavity barriers formed of appropriate material overthe full width of the partition cavity shall be providedat intervals along the length of a partition to breakthe continuity of the cavity.Cavity barriers may also be provided to sub-dividethe ceiling void by extending the plasterboardfacings up to the structural soffit.Cavity barriers formed with metal channels infilledwith 50 mm thick mineral wool, 25 mm plaster or12.7 mm plasterboard shall be providedimmediately above suspended ceiling level in fire-resisting partitions with ceiling height boarding, toseal off the partition cavity from the ceiling void.All cavity barriers shall be closely fitted and fire-stopped to partition members, plasterboardfacings, and services passing through.

A2.8 FinishingThe finished partition shall have a continuoussmooth surface ready to receive site appliedfinishes by others.Cut edges of boards shall be lightly sanded toremove paper burrs. PVA sealer shall be appliedto exposed cut edges of boards and any otherplaster surfaces to which tape is to be applied.Screw depressions shall be spotted and minorindents filled to leave a smooth, flush surface.After joint, angle and spotting treatments havedried, primer and sealer coats shall be applied togive a continuous, consistent texture to the surfaceof the plasterboard.

A2.9 Tolerances on finishedpartitions and liningsTolerances on finished partitons and linings shallcomply with the recommendations of BS 8212Section 3, Parts 9 and 10.3.

17

A3 Design details

A3.1 GeneralElevations

19

A3.2 100 mm Partitions

Sections

Section details

I - Head channel fixed to structural soffit.I

Two layers of 9.5 plasterboard fixedwith staggered joints to studs andchannel with self tapping screws.

PVC skirting adhered toplasterboard (by others).

Two layers of 9.5 plasterboard fixedwith staggered joints to studs andchannel with self tapping screws.

Channel fixed on topof screed.

Detail at soffit

(Full height boarding)

o--Acoustic sealant Screed thickness

Detail at floor100

< )Nogging of stud or channel sectionwith each end cut, fitted and screwedto vertical stud (or continuous fixingchannel fixed to sides of studs). Forfixing board ends of second layer.

Boarding horizontal joint.

‘I I I Timber skirting screwedto studs (by others).

Detail at boarding horizontal joint

(Full height boarding)PVC skirting(by others).

1

I I II’

I

Preservative treated timber sole plate150 wide. Thickness to match screed.Fixed to slab at 900 centres staggered(extra width of plate acts as a screedboard and prevents moisturepenetrating the plasterboard).

Acoustic sealant --ISelected ceilingSelected ceilingtrims fixed withtrims fixed with

II

self tapping screwsself tapping screws

II(by others).(by others).

Alternative detail at floor

(Screed laid after erection of partition)

T-7100

Detail at ceiling junction


Timber skirting I(by others). 1III

I 1 I’ - ?.A.srsrl+rr .-.hr+a.+.rr~..AClay tile skirting

+Q-. Vertical studs run through to soffit.100

-4I t I Stud or channel section with each

I& stud.end cut fitted and screwed to vertical

Preservative treated timber- Thickness to match screed

slab at 900 centres.

sole plate.Fixed to

Channel fixedto timber

II i Csole plate.

t

Acoustic sealant 1

Detail at cavity closer and of ceiling junction Alternative detail at floor

(Ceiling height boarding) (Change of slab level)

20

Junction with concrete column

Stud fixed at- 600 centres to

concrete structure.- Single layer 9.5 plasterboard

Single layer 9.5plasterboard fixedby direct bondadhesive.

Gap as required to accommodatediffering tolerances of concretestructure and partition.

Note that the plasterboard lining runsacross the face of the column toobviate cracking at the junction ofpartition and structure.

External angle to column casingreinforced with galvanised metalangle bead.

Co-ordinating size ,/

7.Two layers 9.5 plasterboard

21

A3.3 200 to 300 mm Partitions

Sections

Full height boarding Ceiling height boarding

Structural soffit Structural soffit 1

;I

r’

e

6

II

G

f

E

[

&

11

: G

I

Head channel Head channel -

Fixing member forscrew fixing endsof second layerplasterboard.

Horizontal brace at 600vertical centres. Shortlength stud or channelsection screw fixed at ends.

Horizontal brace at 600vertical centres. Shortlength stud or channelsection screw fixed at ends. _

Cavity closer -

Ceiling trim fixed to partition(by others).

Ceiling trim fixed to partition(by others).

2 layers 9.5 plasterboardscrew fixed to metalframing.

2 layers 9.5 plasterboardscrew fixed to metalframing.

38 x 100 cut out orknock out for services. 3 8 x 1 0 0 c u t o u t o r -

knock out for services.-.T

-.T1550

1 5 5 0

<\

200 to 300 -/200 to 300 -

-.T900

-.T300

-.---(-J

I

300

.----0

Floor channel

Floor screed

Floor channel _

Floor screed 1

Acoustic sealant I Acoustic sealant -

22

Section details

9 200 to 300 g

Head channel fixedto structural soffit.

Two layers of 9.5plasterboard fixed withstaggered joints tostuds and channel with

Two layers of 9.5plasterboard fixed withstaggered joints tostuds and channel withSelf tapping screws.

PVC skirting adhered toplasterboard (by others).self tapping screws

Detail at soffitChannel fixed ontop of screed.

(Full height boarding) Screed thickness

Acoustic sealant

fixing channel fixed tosides of studs) Forfixing board ends of

Boarding horizontal

Detail at floor

Timber skirting screwed

r to studs by others.

Detail of boarding horizontal joint Preservative treatedP dtimber sole plate 125timber sole plate 125wwide Thickness tomatch omatch screed Fixed toslab in two lines at 900centres staggeredcentres staggered(extra width of plateof plateacts as a screed boardand prevents moisturepenetrating theplasterboard)

PVC skirting(by others). -

Channel fixedto timbers o l e p l a t e . -


(

Acoustic sealantI I

1 S e l e c t e d c e l l i n gtrims fixed withself tapping screws(by others).

Alternative detail at floor

(Screed laid after erection of partition)

Timber skirting(by others).

Channel fixedto timbersole plate.

i-

(

200 to 300

,

Clay tile skirting

6

adhered to plasterboard(by others).

Detail at ceiling junction


Vertical studs runthrough to soffit.

+ +1 -r--r 12.7 board forming

fixed in two sections to

studs and services

,7-- and fire stoppedStud section with eachend cut fitted and

IPreservative treatedtimber sole plateThickness to matchscreed. Fixed to slabat 800 centres

returned up the faceand screwed to verticalstud

I I Acoustic sealant

Detail at cavity closer and of ceiling junction Alternative detail at floor

(Change of slab level)(Ceiling height boarding)

23

Plan details

External angle formed by overlappingedges of plasterboard and reinforcedwith comer tape or angle bead. 1Studs at 600 centres.

o - - 7 7 - - I - - W - - - -

+-.

Two layers of 9.5 plasterboard fixedwith staggered joints to stud with selftapping screws.

Detail at straight line joint

Detail at intersection (typical)

Studs fixed throughplasterboard withself tapping screws.

External angle formed by overlappingedges of plasterboard and reinforcedwith corner tape or angle bead.

L Plasterboard fixed to studs with selftapping screws.

Detail at stopped end

Detail at tee junction (typical)

Studs fixed at 600 centres to solidwall.

Detail at right angle junction (typical)

24

Detail at junction to solid wall

A3.4 Typical fixing details

. Heavyweight items

I,

\l%%”

Pop rivet fixing to studs

Studs at 600 centres.

Fixing channel

Flanges for fixing channel cut and edgesflattened back.

- Studs at 600 centres

25

Heavyweight items

Fixed at low level

300 length of stud, screw fixed,back to back, to main stud withself tapping screws.

Studs at 600 centres.

300 length of stud, screw fixed, backto back, to main stud with self tappingscrews.

Horizontal nogging of sawn softwoodto suit size of studs notched intostuds and fixed through ends.

-

/

- Horizontal nogglngs and central stud- of sawn softwood to suit size of studs

notched into studs and fixed throughends.

,I-Floor channel

Fixed at high level

26

Engineering services

-+ -7-Ol------- -------1___--------

I ll",f

I: ?I If-

I8 I I’ --.a 1'

- " ' I 8uvat *fi I I

I I

I 1

FO1_I I

I 'E===LL------- ---Al

L Medical gases outlet box screw fixedto battens (by others).

Plywood fixing pad approx. 150 x 150x 12 thick fixed to inner face ofp las te rboard inner face of plasterboard.

Service pipe or conduit fixed with clip Outlet box fixed with battens

-+ -+

L- Electrical outlet box and cover plate

I

L Service pipe and fixing bracket (byscrew fixed to pad (by others). others).

Plywood fixing pad approx. 150 x 150thickness to suit depth of box fixed toinner face of plasterboard.

Sawn softwood insert fixed in stud.

Outlet box fixed with pad

Supports for storage units to

HTM 63 or other heavy fittings

f l- Timber fixing ground

Support stud for corbel carcase unitsor cantilever brackets

Service pipe fixed with bracket

““--:Timber fixing ground

Support stud for corbel carcase unitsor cantilever brackets

27

28

B Strength and stabilityof partitionsThis Appendix sets out the performance requirementsand methods of test for strength and stability ofpartitions.

These tests and levels of acceptance are taken fromBS 5234 Part 2:1992 to suit all duty categories.

BS 5234 Part 2 specifies performance requirementsfor the strength and robustness of partitions,regardless of the materials and form of theirconstruction when tested by the methods given.

BS 5234 Part 2 is new whereas BS 5234 Part1:1992 is a complete revision of the 1975 editionwhich is withdrawn.

B1 Performance requirementsThe partition shall comply with the followingperformance requirements when tested inaccordance with the test methods set out in thisAppendix.

• bending:elastic deflection not to exceed 14 mm,residual deflection not to exceed 1 mm

• door slamming:ten slams – no breakage or damage

• soft body impact:elastic deflection not to exceed 28 mm,residual deflection not to exceed 5 mm –no breakage or damage

• hard body impact:three impacts of 10 Nm on each side –indentation less than 3 mm, no penetration,easily repaired

• lightweight fittings:100 N pull-out250 N pull-downno loosening or damage

• heavyweight fittings:full wash basin 500 N –deflection not greater than 5 mm,fixings must hold and not loosenperson sitting on edge of wash basin 1500 N –deflection not greater than 20 mm,fixings must hold and not loosenfully loaded cupboards and shelves 4000 N –deflection not greater than 5 mm,fixings must hold and not loosen.

• stiffness – maximum deflection and residualdeformation

• surface damage by small hard body impact

• resistance to damage by impact from a largesoft body impact

• resistance to structural damage by impactfrom a large soft body

• door slamming

• crowd pressure

• perforation by small hard body impact

• pull out of a lightweight anchorage

• pull down of a lightweight anchorage

• eccentric downward loading of heavyweightanchorages (wash basins)

• eccentric downward loading of heavyweightanchorages (high-level wall cupboard)

B2 Methods of testTest assemblyThe test assembly shall be of the required heightand to the configuration and plan dimensions shown.The head and ends shall be firmly restrained.Bending

A static horizontal force of 500 N shall be applied inincrements of 100 N through a resilient pad of 150mm diameter at the point on the panel in the centreof the long side at which maximum deflection occurs.

Soft body impactThree impacts of 120 Nm shall be applied using acylindrical cloth bag 250 mm diameter x 600 mmand filled with 30 kg of dry silicious sand. The bagshall be suspended so that when at rest it justtouches the face of the partition at a point1200 mm above floor level. The point of suspensionshall be 3000 above floor level.

29

Determine height of drop (h) by formula:

TFh =9.8 x W

whereTF = test force (120 Nm)W = weight of sand in bag (30 kg)∴ h = 408Hard body impactThree impacts, each of 10 Nm, shall be made. Therequired impacts shall be made with a ‘1 kg bearing’63.5 mm diameter solid steel ball which is suspendedso that when at rest the ball just touches the face ofthe partition. The length of the suspension shall benot less than 1.75h in the sketch below. The point ofsuspension must be movable so that each impactcan be a different position selected at random.Resistance to impact shall be assessed bymeasuring depths of indents and noting any damageor failure of the surface.Indents shall be measured with a dial gaugecalibrated in 0.01 mm increments.

Determine height of drop (h) by formula:

TFh =

9.8 x W

whereTF = test force (10 Nm)W = weight of ball (1 kg)∴ h = 1020 mmThe dial gauge shall be mounted on a bar havingflattened knife edge contacts 1 to 2 mm wide atright angles to the length of the bar and which reston the surface. The contacts shall be 100 mm apartsymmetrically disposed to the gauge probe and each20 mm long. The probe shall have a ball end with a

maximum diameter of 5 mm.Indent depth shall be determined by comparing thedial gauge reading of the undisturbed surface (beforeimpact) and the bottom of the indent.

Dial gauge mounting for hard body impact test

Door slamming

The door leaf shall be 826 x 2060 mm, and the weightshall be approximately 60 kg (symmetricallydistributed about the plane of the door). The doorleaf shall be hung on suitable hinges and without adoor closer or other restricting device.A light, strong line shall connect the door leaf at midheight and 50 mm from the closing edge to a 15 kgweight. The line shall run horizontally from the door,approximately perpendicular to the plane of the dooropening, and over a pulley to the weight. Theapparatus shall be arranged so that the descendingweight strikes a platform and removes tension fromthe line when the door leaf is within 20 mm of closing.The door leaf shall be opened 60° and released tobe slammed shut by the action of the falling weight.

Fixings for fittings:

Lightweight fittings

The force set out shall be applied to a singleanchorage recommended by the system sponsorfor securing lightweight fittings, eg coat hooks, fireextinguishers, towel holders, etc, fixed anywhere onthe partition except through a stud or other framing.

Heavyweight fixingsAdditional framing as recommended by the systemsponsor to support the loads shall be installed beforetesting.

Lavatory basinsThe force shall act vertically downwards, 345 mmfrom the face of the specimen and shall be supportedon two brackets. The brackets shall be to thedimensions of a standard screw-to-wall single towelrail type fixed to the specimen 500 mm apart and

30

900 mm above floor level. Each bracket shall besecured with three fasteners as recommended bythe erector and shall be connected by a horizontalmember to support the load centrally.A force of 500 N shall be applied to the brackets.Additional increments of 250 N up to a total of1500 N shall be applied and removed twice in thefollowing manner: 500, 750, 500, 750, 500, 1000,500, 1000, 500, 1250, 500, 1250, 500, 1500, 500,1500.The fixings shall be examined after each increment.Any damage shall be unacceptable.The maximum deflection of the partition under theload shall be recorded when all movement hasstabilised.

High-level cupboardTwo brackets, which simulate a high-level cupboardshall be fixed 1000 mm apart, 1500 mm or overfrom the floor to the horizontal arm and each shallbe secured to the specimen with two fixings 600mm apart vertically. The fixings shall be asrecommended by the partition erector. The bracketsshall be connected by a horizontal member to supportthe load centrally. A force of 4000 N shall actvertically downwards 300 mm from the face of thespecimen. The force shall be applied in incrementsof 500 N. Where the method of fixing differs from thelavatory basin bracket fixing, the forces shall beapplied in increments of 500 N as described.

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C Additional height partitionsThe overall height of partitions in health buildings isgenerally variable and very often exceeding 3600.

Hollow plasterboard partitions can be constructedto these variable heights and comply with thestandards for strength and stability.

A number of alternative constructions to achieveheights above 3600 mm are possible. Some of theseare set out below in the table.

Thick- Boards Studs Stud centres Heightness and shape

120 2 x 12.5 70 x 0.7 C x 600 4.8 m

140 2 x 12.5 90 x 1.2 C x 600 6.3 m

140 2 x 12.5 92 x 0.9 1 x 600 6.6 m

140 2 x 12.5 92 x 0.9 1 x 400 7.6 m

200 2 x 12.5 146 x 0.55 C x 600 7.2 m

Deeper floor and soffit channels may be required.An alternative method is to use a standard 100partition with a structural restraint at ceiling level –say 2700 above FFL. This restraint may be in theform of a substantial suspended ceiling system orby attachment of the partition to a member of astructural roof truss.In all cases the system sponsor should be consultedat an early stage.Information on heights of independent wall linings isavailable from manufacturers.Masonry partitions of additional height should complywith the recommendations of BS 5628

D National BuildingSpecification clausesNBS is a library of standard specification clauses,covering most kinds of building work and comprisinga wide range of clauses, with accompanyingguidance notes. All clauses are optional and theircombination into a job specification is left to thespecifier. NBS has great flexibility and it can beadapted to suit the technical needs and preferencesof different projects, organisations and specifiers.Specifications go out of date as a result of technicalinnovation or major review of a key BSI document.As NBS sections become affected by such majorchanges they are re-issued to members of thesubscription service. Users are advised to ensurethat they refer to the current edition.The sections listed below relate to the Full Versionof the NBS. In addition a Small Jobs Version isavailable which maintains the essential principlesof the NBS but offers a limited selection of clauses.The following scope of National Building Specificationpublications are relevant to partitions.F10 Brick/Block Walling, 1991F30 Accessories/Sundry Items for Brick/

Block/Stone Walling, 1995G20 Carpentry/Timber Framing/First Fixing,

1995K10 Plasterboard Dry Lining, 1988K11 Rigid Sheet Flooring/Sheathing/Sarking/

Linings/Casings, 1994K13 Rigid Sheet Fine Linings/Panelling, 1994K20 Timber Board Flooring/Sarking/Linings/

Casings, 1993K21 Timber Strip/Board Fine Flooring/Linings,

1993K30 Relocatable Partitions, 1994K31 Plasterboard Fixed Partitions/Inner Walls/

Linings, 1988K32 Framed Panel Cubicle Partitions, 1993M20 Plastered/Rendered/Roughcast Linings,

1994M30 Metal mesh Lathing/Anchored

Reinforcement for Plasterboard Coatings,1995

M40 Stone/Concrete/Quarry/Ceramic Tiling/Mosaic, 1992

M91 Painting/Clear Finishing, 1991P10 Sundry Insulation/Proofing Work/Fire

Stops, 1993Information on specification clauses is also availablefrom specialist suppliers.The above sections can be purchased from:NBS Services Ltd,Mansion House Chambers,The Close,Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3RE

32

E Guide to selection of finishesThis schedule is intended to assist the design team in determining the performance category of surface finishfor a partition in a given type of activity space.The range of activity spaces covered by the schedule is limited to the types which most commonly occur inhealth buildings. For activity spaces not included, the design team should refer to any listed which have similaruser functions

Index PageAccident and emergency 33Administration 33Adult acute – Day care and treatment 33

– Nursing section 33Ambulance 33Boiler house 33Children – Day-patient accommodation 33

– In-patient accommodation 33– Shared accommodation 34

Dental 34Dining room 34Educational accommodation 34Fracture clinic 34Geriatric care – Day hospital 34

– Nursing section 34Health centre 35Intensive therapy unit 35Kitchen 35Laundry 35Maternity – Administration 35

– Central delivery suite 35– Nursing section 36– Special care baby unit and central baby feed kitchen 36

Medical photography and illustration 36Mental illness – Day hospital 36

– ECT 36Mortuary and post mortem 36Operating 37Out-patient – Children’s comprehensive assessment – Type A 37

– Children’s comprehensive assessment – Type B 37– General 37– Mental illness 37– Ophthalmic 37

Pathology 37Pharmacy 38Radiodiagnostic 38Rehabilitation 38Residential accommodation 39Secure unit 39Sterilising and disinfecting unit 39Street 39Main entrance 39Works unit 39Younger disabled unit 39

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Department/ CategoryActivity Space

Accident andemergencyCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cleansing room/

Shower 4Clean utility 3Consulting 6Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Drugs and alcohol

recovery 3Interview room 6Major treatment 1Office 6Reception/Records 6Resuscitation 5Staff base 5Store 5Treatment 5WC 5

AdministrationCirculation space 6Cleaners’ room 5Committee room 6Common room 6Interview room 6Library 6Office 6Reception 6Rest room 6Store 5WC 5

Adult acute –Day care andtreatmentBathroom 4Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Consulting/

Examination 5Doctors’ office 6Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Major treatment 3Multi-bed room 5


Office 6Patient changing

cubicle 5Patient waiting 5Shower 4Single-bed room 5Sitting/Recovery 5Staff base 5Staff changing 6Store 5Treatment 5WC 5

Adult acute –Nursing sectionBathroom 4Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean room 3Cloak room 6Day room 5Dining room 5Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Flower bay 5Linen bay 5Multi-bed room 5Office 6Pantry 4Relatives’ room 5Seminar 6Shower 4Single-bed room 5Staff base 5Store 5Switch room 6Treatment room 5WC 5Wheelchair park 5

AmbulanceCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Control room 3Drying room 2Kitchen 1Mess room 6Office 6


Shower 4Sluice room 2Staff changing 6Store 5WC 5

Boiler houseBoiler room 5Calorifier room 5Circulation space 5Staff accommodation 6Staff WC and

washroom 5Switch room 6

Children –Day-patientaccommodationCirculation space 5Clean utility 3Dirty utility/Disposal 3Multi-bed room 5Pantry 4Single-bed room 5Treatment/Examination 5Waiting/Play 6WC 5

Children –In-patientaccommodationBathroom 4Circulation space 5Clean utility 3Dirty utility 3Flower bay 5Linen store 5Multi-bed room 5Office 6Pantry 4Play/Dining/Education

rooms 5Shower 4Single-bed room 5Staff base 5Store 5WC 5

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Children – SharedaccommodationAdmission/Exam 5Adolescents’ day

room 5Baby feed store 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Disposal 3Education space 5Equipment bay 5Office/Interview 6Parents’ bedroom 6Parents’ sitting room 6Seminar 5Shower 4Staff changing 5Staff locker room 5Switch room 5Teacher’s base 5Treatment 5WC 5

DentalCirculation space 5Laboratory and

Dark room 3Office 6Recovery room 5Store 5Surgery 3Switch room 5Waiting area 6WC 5

Dining roomCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cloak room 5Coffee room 5Dining room 5Office 6Sandwich room 5Servery 4Staff changing room 5Store 5WC 5


EducationalaccommodationAudio-visual 5Classroom 5Common room 6Demonstration 5Dining 5Entrance, Reception and

Waiting area 5Seminar 6Library 6Office 6Servery 4Staff room 6Store 5WC 5

Fracture clinicAppliance fitting

room 5Clean supplies

and preparation 5Cleaners’ room 5Consulting/Exam 5Circulation space 5Dirty utility 3Disposal holding 3Plaster room 3Reception, Sub-waiting

and Wheelchair park 5Store 5WC 5

Geriatric care –Day hospitalBathroom 4Bedroom 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Clothes hanging, Waiting,

and Wheelchair park 5Consulting/Examination 5Dining 5Dirty utility 3Disposal 3General sitting space 5Interview room 6Kitchen 4Occupational therapy 5


Office 6Pantry 4Physiotherapy 3Quiet room 5Shower 4Staff/Seminar room 6Speech therapy 6Staff cloakroom 6Store 5Switch room 5Treatment room 5Utility/Laundry 4WC 5

Geriatric care –Nursing sectionBathroom 4Bathroom/Treatment 4Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 4Clean utility 3Cloak room 6Day room 5Dining room 5Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Flower bay 5Linen bay 5Multi-bed room 5Occupational therapy 5Office 6Pantry 4Physiotherapy 5Relatives’ room 6Seminar 5Shower 4Single-bed room 5Staff base 5Store 5Switch room 5Waiting area 5WC 5Wheelchair park 5

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Health centreChild assessment 6Chiropody 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Consulting/Examination 5Audiology-Consulting 5Dental surgery 3Dispensary 3Disposal 3Health education 5Interview room 6Kitchen/Teabar 4Laboratory and

Dark room 4Nurses service room 3Office 6Pharmacy 3Physiotherapy 3Physiotherapy (Utility

area) 5Playroom 6Pram shelter (inside) 6Recovery room 5Seminar/Library 6Speech therapy 6Staff common room 6Store 5Switch room 5Treatment 5WC 5

Intensive therapyunitCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Laboratory 3Multi-bed room 5Office 6Pantry 4Relatives’/Doctors’/

overnight stay 6Single-bed room 5Staff base 5Staff changing 6Staff rest room 6


Store 5Switch room 5WC 5

KitchenBulk provisions store 4Central beverage

preparation space 2Central cooking 2Central tray preparation

space 2Central tray service

space 2Central wash-up 2Cleaners’ room 5Cooling room/Larder 4Day-to-day store 4Diet preparation 2Disposables store 4Equipment store 4Fish storage SpecialGeneral preparation 2Kitchen cold room SpecialKitchen deep freeze SpecialMeat cold store SpecialOffice 5Pan wash 2Pastry and sweets

preparation 2Raw meat and fish

preparation 2Sandwich preparation 2Staff changing 5Staff rest room 6Trolley parking space 2Trolley wash 2Vegetables, salads and

fruit preparation 2Vegetable store 4Washing up materials

store 4WC/Washroom 5

LaundryAssembling, parking and

despatch 6Barrier room 4Colandering 4Calorifier 4Central disinfection

area 4


Classification 5Cleaners’ room 5Drying 4Machine cloth store 5Mess room 5Office 6Plant room 6Pressing 4Reception 5Rest room 6Solution preparation/

Storage area 4Store 5Switch room 5Washing 5Washing materials store 5WC 5

Maternity –AdministrationCirculation 5Classroom 5Disposal 3Office 6Staff cloaks 6Store 5WC 5

Maternity – Centraldelivery suiteAbnormal delivery

room 1Admission suite 1Bathroom 4Changing room 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Day room 5Delivery room 1Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Equipment store 5Linen room 5Office 6Pantry 4Scrub-up and gowning 1Shower 4

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Staff base 5Trolley space 5WC 5

Maternity –Nursing sectionAssisted Shower/WC/

Washing 4Baby feed/Demonstration

area 5Bathroom 4Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Day room/Dining room 6Dirty utility 3Disposal room 3Equipment store 5Flower bay/Linen

store 5Multi-bed room 5Nursery 5Office 6Pantry 4Seminar room 5Single-bed room 5Staff base 5Staff changing 6Switch room 5WC 5

Maternity – Specialcare baby unitand central babyfeed kitchenBedroom 5Beverage point/Baby feed

demonstration 5Blood gas analysis 5Central milk kitchen 4Circulation space 6Cleaners’ room 6Clean utility 3Day room/Play room 5Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Entrance/Visitors’

gowning 3Incubator nursery 3


Linen room 5Nursery 5Office/Interview/

Seminar room 5Reception/Breast milk 5Shower 4Staff base 5Staff changing 5Store 5Switch room 5WC 5

Medicalphotography andillustrationChanging cubicle 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Dark room 3Display 5Editing 5Finishing room 5Office 6Reproduction and copying

room 5Staff room 6Store 5Studio 6WC 5

Mental illness –Day hospitalArt room 5Beauty/Hairdressing 5Behavioural therapy 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cloak room 6Dining room 5Disposal room 3Games room 6Group therapy/Library,

Music/Quiet/Sitting 6Heavy workshop 6Hobbies room 6Horticulture 5Interview room 6Kiln room 5Kitchen 2


Laundry 2Light workshop 5Observation room 5Office 6Patients’ washroom 5Pottery room 5Recreation store 6Servery 2Sitting 6Staff/Seminar room 6Store 5Switch room 5Timber store 6Treatment/Clean utility 3WC 5

Mental illness – ECTAnte-Room 5Reception/Circulation

space 5Disposal room 3Recovery room 5Store 5Treatment room 5Washrom/Assisted WC 5

Mortuary andpost mortemAttendants’ room 5Bier room 5Body store/Trolley bay 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean stock 5Compressor and switch

room 5Instruments 5Linen room 5Medical observation

room 5Office 6Pathologists’ changing

room 5Post mortem room 1Refrigerated

chambers SpecialShower 4Sluice 3Specimen room 5

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Viewing cubicle 5Viewing room 5Visitors’ entrance 5Waiting room 5WC 5

OperatingAnaesthetic room 1Beverage bay 5Central store 5Changing room 5Circulation space 3Clean corridor 3Clean utility 3Dirty utility 3Disposal, Holding or

Collection 3Entrance/Reception/

Transfer area 3Equipment store 5Exit bay 3Office 5Operating theatre 1Outer corridor 3Plaster room 3Post operative recovery

area 3Preparation 1Scrub-up 1Shower 3Staff control base 5Staff rest room 5Switch room 5WC 5X-ray processing 5

Out-patient –ChildrenCirculation space 5Consulting/Examination 5Dirty utility 3Mother & Baby room 5Office 6Pram/Wheelchair area 5Treatment room 5WC 5Weighing/Measuring

room 5


Out-patient –Children’sComprehensiveAssessmentType AAssessment/Observation/

Remedial therapy/Treatment rooms 5

Office/Seminar 6Store 5Viewing 5Waiting/Dining room 5

Type BAssessment/Observation/

Remedial therapy/Treatment rooms 5

Circulation space 5Consulting/Examination 5Dirty utility 3Office 6Office/Seminar 6Pram store/Wheelchair

park 5Staff locker room 6Store 6Switch room 6Viewing room 5Waiting/Dining room 5WC 5

Out-patient –GeneralConsulting/Examination 5Changing cubicle 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Office 6Ophthalmic room 5Porters’ room 6Reception 5Store 6Test room 5Treatment room 5Trolley & Wheelchair

area 5WC 5


Out-patient –Mental illnessAssisted washroom

and WC 5Circulation space 5Patients’ cloakroom 6Consulting/Examination 5Dirty utility/Disposal 3Interview room 6Medical records 6Office 6Psychological testing

room 5Staff changing 6Store 6Treatment/Clean utility 3WC 5

Out-patient –OphthalmicCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Consulting/Examination 5Dark room 3Dirty utility 3Dispensing optician 5Fluorescein Angiography 5Office 6Orthoptist 5Staff base 5Locker room 6Store 6Switch room 6Treatment room 5Waiting/Recovery area 5Patients’ WC 5Staff WC 5

PathologyBlood Bank SpecialCentrifuge room 3Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cloak room 6Disposal room 3Examination room 3Hot/Cold room SpecialLaboratory 3

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Media room 5Mounting/Preparation 5Museum 5Office 6Staff room 6Sterilising room 3Store 6Waiting area 5Wash-up 5WC 5Workshop 5

PharmacyAdvisory cubicle 5Aseptic filling 1Aseptic room 1Balance room 1Bottle preparation 1Changing room/Robing/

Interchange area 1Chemicals store 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cloak room 6Container preparation 5Containers – clean 5Dispensary 3Dressing store 5Drug information

library 5Emergency store 6Equipment cleaning 6Finished products store 5Finished products

quarantine store 3Flammable store SpecialGoods reception 5Incubation 1Incoming materials

(Quarantine) 1Inspection/Label/

Preparation/Labelling 3Laboratory 3Laundry facility 4Materials store 5Media kitchen 4Medical gas

cylinder store 5Microbiological media

store 5


Office 6Packaging and overwrap 5Patient waiting 5Porters’ room/Base 5Preparation/Filling area 1Preparation room 1Reference samples

store 5Repackaging 5Reusable container

collection 5Security store 5Seminar 6Staff entrance 6Sterilisation 1Still room 1Store 5Trolley and equipment

park 5Ward service area 5WC 5

RadiodiagnosticCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clean utility 3Dark room 2Dirty utility 3Disposal 3Dressing cubicle 5Lavage room 4Linen store 5Mobile X-ray store 6Office 6Radiodiagnostic room 5Radiographer 6Records 6Recovery room 5Staff room 6Store 6Trolley space 5Ultrasound 5Viewing and sorting

room 5WC 5


RehabilitationApparatus bay 5Hydrotherapy apparatus

bay 4Apparatus store 5Bathroom 4Bedroom 6Gymnasium changing

cubicle 5Hydrotherapy changing

cubicle 4Treatment changing

cubicle 5Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Clinical room 3Consulting/Examination 5Disposal room 3Electronyography room 5Gymnasium 5Heavy workshop 5Hydrotherapy 4Individual open exercise

area 5Interview room 6Kitchen 4Laundry 4Light workshop 5Main waiting 5Patients’ shower 4Plaster and plaster

splints 5Porters’ base 5Preparation bay 5Reception/Records/

Office 5Recovery room 5Speech therapy 6Staff changing 6Staff room/Seminar 6Store 6Switch room 6Timber/Materials store 6Treatment cubicle 5Wax treatment room 5WC 5Wheelchair bay 5

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ResidentialaccommodationBathroom 4Bedroom 6Bed-sitting room 6Circulation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Cloak room 6Common room 6Kitchen 4Living room 6Office 6Shower 4Sitting room 6Utility store 6WC 5

Secure unitBathroom 4Circulation space 5Classroom 6Clinical/Examination 5Cleaners’ room 5Cummunal area 6Duty room 6Group therapy 6Gymnasium 6Interview/Conference 6Kitchen 4Launderette/Utility 3Library 6Linen store 5Office 6OT Hobbies room 6Quiet room 6Secure room 3Shower 4Single-bed room 6Staff rest room 6Store 6Study room 6Training room 6Visitors’ room 6WC 5


Sterilising anddisinfecting unitCirculation space 5Cleaners’ room 5Disposal collection 5Disposal holding area 5Materials holding store 5Medical equipment test area

Service/Work area 5Office 6Reception – Clean

supply 5Reception – Soiled

goods 5Staff changing 6Staff room 6Sterile goods store 5Sterilizer working

area 1Trolley unloading/

Maintenance area 5Trolley wash 4Wash room 5WC 5Work area 5

StreetCirculation 6Sub-waiting 6Stairs 6Lift lobby 6Disposal room 3

Main entranceEntrance lobby 5Entrance foyer/Waiting 6Quiet room 6Reception/Enquiries 6Shop 5Store 5Office 6Admissions 6Duty room 6


Works unitCirculation space 5Office 6Staff accommodation 6Staff changing 6Store 6WC 5Workshop 6

Younger disabledunitBathroom 4Bedroom 6Circulation space 5Clean utility 3Cleaners’ room 5Clinical/Examination 5Day space 5Dining room 5Dirty utility 3Hobbies room 5Office 6Pantry 4Quiet room 6Shower 4Store 6Visitors’ room 6WC 5

41

ReferencesRegulationsThe Building Regulations, The Stationery Office(TSO), 1991Chemical Hazard Information and PackagingRegulations (CHIP), TSO, 1996Construction (Design and Management)Regulations, TSO, 1994

NHS Estates publications

Health Technical Memorandum62. Demountable storage systems, TSO, 198963. Fitted storage systems, TSO, 198968. Duct and panel assemblies, TSO, 199369. Protection, TSO, 199370. Fixings, TSO, 199381. Firecode: Fire precautions in new hospitals,

TSO, 1996

British StandardsBS 476 Fire tests on building materials and

structuresPart 4 1970 (1984) Non-combustibility test for

materialsPart 6 1989 Method of test for fire

propogation for productsPart 7 1987 (1993) Method for classification

of the surface spread of flame ofproducts

Part 20 1987 Method for determination of thefire resistance of elements ofconstruction (general principles)

Part 22 1987 Methods for determination of thefire resistance of non-loadbearingelements of construction

BS 1191 Part 1: 1973 (1994) Excludingpremixed lightweight plasters

BS 1230 Part 1: 1985 (1994) Specification forplasterboard excluding materialssubmitted to secondary operations

BS 2750 Measurement of sound insulation inbuildings and of buildings elements

BS 2782 Methods of testing plasticsBS 2881 1989 (1994) Specification for

cupboards for the storage ofmedicines in health care premises

BS 4022 1970 (1994) Specification forprefabricated gypsum wallboardpanels

BS 5234 Partitions (including matching linings)Part 1 1984 Code of practice for basic

information and procedures for noisecontrol

Part 2 1984 Guide to noise control legislationfor construction and demolition,including road construction andmaintenance

BS 5268 Structural use of timberBS 5390 1976 (1984) Code of practice for stone

masonryBS 5492 1990 Code of practice for internal

plasteringBS 5588 Part 4: 1978 Code of practice for

smoke control in protected escaperoutes using pressurization

BS 5628 Code of practice for use of masonryPart 3 1985 Materials and components,

design and workmanshipBS 5750 Quality systemsBS 5803 Part 1: 1985 (1994) Specification for

man-made mineral firbre thermalinsulation mats

BS 5821 Method for rating the sound insulationin buildings and of building elements

BS 6150 1991 Code of practice for paintingbuildings

BS 6203 1991 Guide to fire characteristics andfire performance of expandedpolystyrene materials used in buildingapplciations

BS 6399 Part 1: 1984 Code of practice for deadand imposed loads

BS 6452 Beads for internal plastering and drylining

Part 1 1984 (1993) Specification forgalvanized steel beads

BS 6750 1986 Specification for modularcoordination in building

BS 7364 1990 Specification for galvanized steelstuds and channels for stud and sheetpartitions and linings using screw fixedgypsum wallboards

BS 7671 1992 AMD 8536 7/94 Requirement forelectrical installations. IEE WiringRegulations. Sixteenth edition

BS 8000 Part 5: 1990 Code of practice forcarpentry, joinery and general fixings

Part 8 1994 Code of practice forplasterboard partitions and dry linings

BS 8212 1995 Code of practice for dry liningand partitioning using gypsumplasterboard

BS 8290 Suspended ceilingsPart 1 1991 Code of practice for designCP 3 Code of basic data for the design of

buildingsBS EN 1014 Wood preservatives. Creosote and

creosoted timber. Methods of samplingand analysis

Printed in the United Kingdom for Her Majesty’s Stationery OfficeJ36090 12/97 C6 9385

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