Status and challenges for mapping, monitoring and MRV of SOC
Transcript of Status and challenges for mapping, monitoring and MRV of SOC
Status and challenges for mapping, monitoring and MRV of SOC
Martial Bernoux
A MRV system refers to any process or system which aims to assess and monitor the impacts of mitigation measures and/or the support provided (measuring) and to document this information in a transparent way (reporting), so that it can be examined for accuracy (verification).
M = Measurement (or estimation), sometime “Measuring” or “Monitoring”R = Reporting (at different level: national, international,…)V = Verification (sometime Verifying) includes Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA)
What is MRV?
MRV of national inventory (e.g. sources and sinks of GHG)
MRV of policy (e.g. NAMA, mitigation measures)
MRV of project (CDM, …)
MRV of implementation (e.g. financial flow)
MRV of a REDD-plus activities
… MRV of soil carbon …or better MRV of soil C sequestration and GHG fluxes related to soil management
Status and challenges for mapping, monitoring and MRV of SOC
Criteria to respect
Consistency: Same methodology apply along years and uses consistent datasets
Completeness: All GHG and all sinks and sources category are reported
Accuracy: Not biased and reduced uncertainty as far as possible
Transparency: Assumptions, hypothesis and methodologies used are explained and documented
Comparability: Comparable methods should be used by all stakeholders of the MRV system
Task Force on National GHG Inventories (TFI)
TFI objective is to develop and refine an internationally-agreed methodology and software for the calculation and reporting of national GHG emissions and removal
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
For CH4 and N2O
Only fluxes
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
But for (most) CO2
Mass balance approach
CarbonCarbon
time
DC/Dtime = CO2 emissions 1 year
=
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
But for (most) CO2
Mass balance approach
C
5 compartments
Above Ground Biomass
Litter
Soil (> 30 cm)
Below Ground BiomassDead wood
Soil is the major pool in Cropland and Grassland
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
Default values for all N2O, CH4 fluxes and default carbon stocks for the different pools
=X Activity dataEF
Emission estimate
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
Default carbon stocks
Carte soil EX-ACT
Tier 1 methods are designed to be the simplest to use, for which equations and default parameter values (e.g., emission and stock change factors) are provided in this volume
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
Default carbon stocksTier 2 can use the same methodological approach as Tier 1 but applies emission and stock change factors that are based on country- or region-specific data, for the most important land-use categories.
Bernoux et al., SSSAJ, 2002
Brahim et al., IJSS, 2010 Henri et al., BGD, 2009
But some invariant principles for AFOLU
The Guidelines evolved concomitantly with UNFCCC/KP and PA needs and decisions
Default carbon stocks
Soil C stock estimates may also include soil inorganic C if using a Tier 3 method
Tier 3, higher order methods are used, including models and inventory measurement systems tailored to address national circumstances, repeated over time, and driven by high-resolution activity data and disaggregated at sub-national level.
Grinand et al., IJAEOG, 2017
Cerri et al., AEE, 2007
Chapter 2 Generic Methodologies Applicable to Multiple Land-use Categories
2.3.3 Change in carbon stocks in soilsIssue 1: Update reference carbon stocks.
Issue 2: Develop new Tier 2 method for mineral soils that requires less activity data than the current default method.
Issue 3:Elaborate Tier 3 Methodologies with case study examples for soils.
Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use
Outline of the Methodology Report(s) to refine the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories
Chapter 6 Grassland
Chapter 4 Forest Land
Chapter 5 Cropland
Issue: Provide guidance and develop new Tier 2 method for mineral soils that requires less activity data than the current default method
Issue 1: Update carbon stock change factors.Issue 2: Develop new Tier 2 method for mineral soils that requires less activity data than the current default method
Estimated results Verified results
Forest Cropland
time
Soil Cstock
measure
Estimate+validation
Specific needs for a MRV of soil C sequestration
Improve low cost C determination
Decrease time need for sampling and preparation
Decrease the costs
© Eco&Sols
Valorization based on the impact/result of the practice / management options
Estimated results Verified result
Adoption of a practice that stores/preserves carbon
Valorization based on adoption of sequestering practices or management options
Forest Cropland
time
Soil Cstock
measure
Specific needs for a MRV of soil C sequestration
Decrease the costs…and/or consider the following approach
Estimate+validation
© V
. Cha
plot
– R
ainf
ed R
ice
Lao
PDR
Adoption of a practice that stores/preserves carbon
Valorization based on adoption of sequestering practices or management options
© V
. Cha
plot
– R
ainf
ed R
ice
Lao
PDR
Specific needs for a MRV of soil C sequestration
Decrease the costs…and/or consider the following approach•Need to improve our knowledge on soil C sequestration for different practices and contexts.
•Need to organize freely accessible updated datasets for users.
•Need to elaborate adequate MRV rules.•Need to consider also avoided emissions from soil protection / conservation.
•Need for adequate national and international AFOLU policies.
•Need to have robust ex-ante tools for designing adequate AFOLU program/policy (e.g. EX-ACT), but also available for farmers.
• Need to quantify benefits, co-synergies or trade-offs associated to soil C storage (metrics?).
MICCA resources in link with MRV and soils
http://bit.ly/fao-nama-afolu-toolhttp://www.fao.org/3/a-i4642e.pdf
Officially Launch today!
http://www.fao.org/elearning/#/elc/en/Course/NGHGI
MICCA resources in link with MRV and soils
Thanks for the attention!
http://www.fao.org/in-action/micca/en/