Statistics
-
Upload
brooke-forbes -
Category
Documents
-
view
28 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Statistics
Free Pizza Lunch with Faculty – Jordan Hall 4th floor lounge
Congrats to the four individuals who were successful in the syllabus challenge
Data = Signal + Noise
Signal = What we’re trying to measure
Noise = Error in our measurement
If noise is random, then as the sample size increases, noise tends to cancel, leaving only signal.
Range – Overall difference between the highest and lowest scores.
Variance – Average difference from the mean.
Central Limit Theorem
Any time you have a measure which is created by summing several individual trials of data (Signal + Noise) you will end up with a normal curve
P value -- The probability that a particular set of data was gained by chance alone.
Statistical Significance – Any P value of less than .05
A person wearing red is 129 times more likely to be gored by a charging bull!
But what is the base rate?
98% of Americans have internet access available.
The average temperature in Oklahoma City over the past 100 years is 63.4 degrees. (and each year has been within 1 degree of that average)
Consumer spending on prescription drugs has doubled since 1980.
85% of all car accidents occur within 10 miles of the home.
10 times as many people die each year by plane crashes than train crashes.
During the Spanish-American war, the death rate for soldiers was 9 per 1000. The death rate for civilians in New York City was 16 per 1000.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Even when the scale is fine, graphs can still be deceptive
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Even when the scale is fine, graphs can still be deceptive
When Dewey was elected Governor in 1942, the minimum teacher’s salary in some districts was as low as $900 per year. Upon Governor Dewey’s recommendation… the Legislature in 1947 appropriated $32,000,000 out of state surplus to provide an increase in teacher’s salaries. As a result, the minimum salaries of teachers in New York City range from $2500 to $5325.
1) Stanford is the #1 program in psychology
2) I am the only (and therefore #1) student at Stanford studying Decision Errors
Therefore: I am the top student studying Decision Errors in the country.
Group A:I II III IV V6.2 6.4 7.6 6.1 6.2
Group B:I II III IV V6.1 6.3 2.2 6.0 6.2
Is Group A superior to Group B?
The average American sleeps 8 hours a night
The average American sleeps 8.2 hours a night
The average American sleeps 8.2339 hours a night
Main Effects – Effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable
Interactions – When the effectiveness of independent variable X is influenced by another independent variable Y
Curing the Hiccups
Cure 1: Standing on Tiptoes
Cure 2: Holding Breath
Dependent Measure: Number of Hiccups before relief
Real effect No effect
Find effect
Don’t find effect
Correct Hit
Correct Miss
False Positive(Type 1)
False Negative(Type II)
Critical Analysis of psychology in the popular press
2-3 pages (double spaced, normal font/margins)
4 articles to choose from
You may discuss the articles with classmates, but under the honor code you must write your own analysis.