ELEMSTA

a mathematics of collection, organization, presentation, analysis and interpretation of data.

is a way to get information from data!

statisticsDESCRIPTIVE describe the properties & characteristics of a group of persons places or thingssummarize or present facts of the data we already haveINFERENTIALcompare groupstest hypothesisdraw conclusionmake predictions about the population based on statistical information

Descriptive StatisticsInferential Statistics60% of the voters responding to a poll favor proposition A.

60% of the voters in the state favor proposition A, with a margin of plus or minus three percentage points.

In a trial study, brand A pain medicine resulted in noticeable relief an average of 20 minutes sooner than brand B medicine.

Brand A pain medicine brings noticeable relief significantly faster than brand B medicine.

In a STAT class, X students got an average grade of 3.5 while Z got an average grade of 2.5X students perform better in Statistics than Z students.SAMPLEExample :

DLS-CSB Frosh Students All registered voters in Manila

Example:

200 randomly selected Frosh Students1350 registered voters in Malate

refers to a large collection of people, objects, places or things

things we are interested inPOPULATIONTHE POPULATION AND THE SAMPLE

a small portion or part of a population; a representative of the population PARAMETERA numerical value which describes a population.STATISTICA numerical value which describes a sample.Example: 80% of residents in the Philippines has electricity 60% of EM students prefer learning outside the classroom.

Example:30% of the children that has interviewed preferred chocolate over vanilla20% of the students that has interviewed said they learn more if they eat before the lecture.

PARAMETER VS. STATISTICDATA AND VARIABLEData are observed values of variables. Example is the responses to a survey.

A variable is any characteristics of interest that can take any value. It changes or varies over time for different individuals or objects under consideration.

an attribute or value that can be changed in a given model or experimentaffects or modifies other attributes the inputan attribute or value that is affected or modified by another valuethe outputEXAMPLES OF INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT VARIABLEA scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. Independent variable: the administration of the drug; the dosage; the timing. Dependent variable: the impact the drug has on cancer.A scientist studies the impact of withholding affection on rats. Independent variable: amount of affection. Dependent variable: reaction of the rats.A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick. Independent variable: the number of days of consuming soup. Dependent variable: the onset of illness.Qualitative/CategoricalQuantitative/Numericalattributes Gender Religionnumerical in nature Age HeightDiscreteContinuouscountable; exact values

values obtained from measurements

Data/variableLEVELS/SCALES OF MEASUREMENTNominal scale classifies data into various distinct categories in which no ranking is implied. Course section, religionQualitative data/variable are measured on a nominal scale or an ordinal scale

Ordinal scale classifies data into distinct categories in which ranking is implied.College levels, satisfaction ratings

LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT SCALESInterval scale is an ordered scale in which the difference between measurements is a meaningful quantity but does not involve true zero point.Temperature in Fahrenheit and CelsiusQuantitative data/variable are measured on a ratio scale or an interval scaleRatio scale is an ordered scale in which the difference between measurements involve a true zero point.Speed or acceleration of vehicle

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL

1. Open Excel, Click File - OptionsDESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL2. Choose Add-Ins

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS USING EXCEL3. Click Go.. button. Check the Analysis ToolPak and Analysis ToolPak-VBA boxes. Click OK.

You can now use the Excel for descriptive statistics!