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Transcript of Statistics 2011 09 12 11
EUROGAS | Statistical Report 1
Prim
ary
Ene
rgy
Con
sum
ptio
n
1
STATISTICAL REPORTTHE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
2 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Table of Contents
Country codes:
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany
AT BE BG CZ DK EE FI FR DE
Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxem-bourg
Nether-lands Poland
GR HU IE IT LV LT LU NL PL
Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Switzerland Turkey
PT RO SK SI ES SE UK CH TK
Introductory Remarks 3
Definitions and Units 3 Conversion Factors 3
Heat Unit Equivalents 3
1. Primary Energy Consumption 4
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) in Eurogas Member Countries 4
2010 Primary Energy Consumption by fuel (EU) 4
2010 Share of Natural Gas in Primary Energy Consumption (%) 5
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) per capita and per unit of GDP 5
2. Final Energy Consumption 6
2009 Final Energy Consumption in Eurogas Member Countries 6
2009 Final Energy Consumption by fuel (EU) 6
3. Inland Deliveries of Natural Gas 7
2010 Inland Sales of Natural Gas by sector in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 7
2010 Natural Gas Sales by sector 7
4. Natural Gas Supplies 8
2010 Natural Gas Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 8
2010 Breakdown of EU27 Supplies 8
5. LNG Imports 9
2010 LNG Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 9
2010 Breakdown of EU27 LNG Supplies 9
2010 Net imports to EU27 from non-EU Countries by type of transport 9
6. Underground Storage Facilities 10
Natural Gas Underground Storages at 1 January 2011 10
7. Natural Gas Industry in Figures 11
Total length of pipelines 11
Number of gas customers 11
Number of employees 11
Number of natural gas vehicles 11
8. Natural Gas Reserves 12
World Gas and Oil Reserves by region, 2010 12
World Reserves / Production Ratios, Gas vs Oil (years) 12
Unconventional Gas, estimated World Reserves 12
9. Expectations for 2011 13
10. The European Natural Gas Grid in 2011 14
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 3
The statistical data presented in this report has been col-lected with the assistance of the national gas associa-tions and member companies of Eurogas. Additionally, for a full picture of the European Union (EU27), data was kindly provided by the natural gas company from Es-tonia (EestiGas). Malta and Cyprus are not included as they are not supplied with natural gas.
As a consequence of the increasing number of play-ers in the liberalized European natural gas market and of cross-border trading, it is now increasingly difficult to collect energy data on a national basis. The data shown in this report is based on available national and gas industry information, completed with best esti-mates, which Eurogas has combined to give the most comprehensive survey at the time of publication. Where no data was available, own estimates have been pro-duced supplemented with data from international or-ganisations in order to obtain an idea of the EU total. Members of the Eurogas Statistics and Forecasting Committee made a substantial contribution to this report.
Comments and comparisons between 2010 and 2009 refer to the EU totals.
Definitions and UnitsThe gross calorific value (GCV), or higher heating value, measures the total (maximum) amount of heat that is produced by combustion, including latent heat before combustion or generated in the combustion process. The net calorific value (NCV), or lower heating value, ex-cludes this latent heat.
Natural gas in international trade is usually measured on the basis of GCV. Modern technologies in gas combus-tion are able to capture the latent heat of condensation. But since most current technologies of other fossil fuels are still not able to recover the latent heat, NCVs need to be used rather than GCVs when building an energy balance; therefore natural gas data presented in MTOE (million tonnes of oil equivalent) are expressed NCV. For natural gas, the net calorific value (NCV) is ten percent less than gross calorific value (GCV).
Natural Gas sales and supplies are stated in terawatt hours because of different national gas compositional
qualities. The data is provided in GCV (gross calorific value). In case the Eurogas data is converted into billion cubic metres, we advise you to use an assumed ener-gy content for 1 m3 of natural gas of 10,83 kWh (GCV), which implies that 1 TWh equals approx. 92,3 million m3 of natural gas. This corresponds closely to the weighted average heat content of all natural gas that is sold in EU.
The classification of the data is made on the basis of the Eurogas Statistical Guidelines available on the Eurogas website.
Conversion Factors
Units glossary: MTOE: million tonnes of oil equivalentMJ: MegajoulePJ: PetajouleTWh: Terawatt hourPcal: PetacaloriesBCM: Billion cubic metres
General conversion for units of energy and volume1 MTOE = 10 Pcal = 41,86 PJ (NCV) = 11,63 TWh (NCV)1 cubic metre (m3) = 35,315 cubic feet (cf)1 million m3 of LNG = 593 million m3 of gas
Eurogas conversion factors from volume to energy units92,3 million m3 gas = 1 TWh (GCV)1 m3 of natural gas = 39 MJ (GCV) = 10,83 kWh (GCV)
Common conversion factors from Gross to Net Calorific Value:Natural gas: NCV= 0,9 GCVOil: NCV= 0,95 GCVSolid fossil fuels: NCV= 0,97 GCV
Equivalents1 megawatt hour = 103 kWh (MWh)1 gigawatt hour = 106 kWh (GWh)1 terawatt hour = 109 kWh (TWh)1 petawatt hour = 1012 kWh (PWh)
Introductory Remarks
Heat Unit Equivalents
GJ kWh MBtu th therm
1 Gigajoule (GJ) 1 277,8 0,948 238,9 9,479
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) 3,6 10-3 1 3,411 10-3 0,86 3,411 10-2
1 Million British thermal units (MBtu)
1,055 293,2 1 252 10
1 thermie (th) 4,186 10-3 1,162 3,968 10-3 1 3,968 10-2
1 therm 0,1055 29,32 1 10-1 25,2 1
Figures from this report may be used, provided that reference is made to Eurogas as the source.
Country codes:
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany
AT BE BG CZ DK EE FI FR DE
Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxem-bourg
Nether-lands Poland
GR HU IE IT LV LT LU NL PL
Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Switzerland Turkey
PT RO SK SI ES SE UK CH TK
4 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
The Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) of a country is defined as the total gross energy supply (indigenous pro-duction plus net imports) before any conversion of the primary energy into final energy forms has taken place. Primary energy consumption includes net energy losses in the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use and other energy sector uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses).
Units: Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent Net Calorific Value.
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) in Eurogas Member Countries
*Renewables include hydro electricity domestically produced, biomass, wind solar and geothermal energy
In 2010, natural gas consumption increased by 7% and renewables by 11% compared with 2009. This observed positive parallel trend is expected to continue and to illustrate the role of natural gas as an enabler of the penetration of renewable energy sources. Coal and nuclear each increased by 3%, whereas oil decreased by 1%.
2010 Primary Energy Consumption by fuel (EU)
MTOE-NCV Oil Solid Fossil Fuels
NaturalGas
Nuclear Electricity Rene w ables* Electricity
net imports Others Total
AUSTRIA 12,9 2,3 8,1 0,0 9,7 0,2 0,0 33,2
BELGIUM 21,8 1,9 16,8 12,5 3,0 0,1 0,1 56,8
BULGARIA 4,2 6,6 2,3 3,5 1,5 0,0 0,0 18,0
CZECH REPUBLIC 9,0 18,0 8,5 7,3 2,6 -1,0 0,0 44,5
DENMARK 7,5 3,9 4,4 0,0 3,9 -0,1 0,3 19,9
ESTONIA 0,7 3,7 0,5 0,0 0,4 0,0 0,1 5,4
FINLAND 9,7 6,5 3,8 5,9 9,0 0,9 0,2 36,1
FRANCE 83,0 11,5 42,3 115,7 17,9 0,0 0,0 270,4
GERMANY 111,7 77,0 73,4 36,6 31,6 -1,5 6,6 335,4
GREECE 17,2 9,5 3,2 0,0 2,0 0,5 0,0 32,4
HUNGARY 6,8 2,8 9,7 4,1 2,0 0,4 0,1 25,9
IRELAND 7,4 2,0 4,7 0,0 0,7 0,0 0,0 14,8
ITALY 72,1 13,3 68,0 0,0 22,3 9,7 0,0 185,3
LATVIA 1,5 0,1 1,5 0,0 1,2 0,4 0,1 4,8
LITHUANIA 2,6 0,2 2,5 0,0 1,1 0,5 0,2 7,0
LUXEMBOURG 2,9 0,1 1,1 0,0 0,1 0,3 0,0 4,6
NETHERLANDS 31,0 7,6 39,2 0,9 2,1 0,5 2,0 83,3
POLAND 25,3 55,4 12,9 0,0 8,0 -0,1 0,0 101,5
PORTUGAL 11,8 2,8 4,2 0,0 4,8 0,4 0,0 24,0
ROMANIA 9,1 6,2 12,6 2,6 4,6 0,0 0,0 35,1
SLOVAKIA 3,4 3,5 4,7 3,8 1,0 0,1 0,5 17,0
SLOVENIA 2,5 1,5 1,0 1,5 0,9 -0,2 0,0 7,1
SPAIN 62,4 8,3 31,0 16,1 14,7 -0,7 0,0 131,8
SWEDEN 16,1 2,2 1,5 14,3 18,7 0,2 0,0 53,0
UNITED KINGDOM 75,0 31,3 84,6 13,9 8,2 0,2 0,2 213,4
EU 607,4 278,2 442,5 238,8 171,9 10,9 10,4 1 760,1
SWITZERLAND 12,7 0,2 3,0 6,6 4,6 0,0 1,3 28,4
TURKEY 28,7 34,4 35,1 0,0 12,7 0,0 0,0 110,9
34%
25%
13%
10%
16%
1% 1%Oil
Solid Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas
Nuclear Electricity
Renewables
Electricity net imports
Others
1. Primary Energy Consumption
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 5
In 2010, primary energy consumption in EU has increased by 3% compared to 2009 to 1760 Mtoe. The share of natural gas in primary energy consumption increased slightly to 25%.
2010 Share of Natural Gas in Primary Energy Consumption (%)
NL
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%UK HU IT RO LT IE TR LV BE SK EU
25%
LU AT ES DK DE CZ PT FR SI BG PL CH FI GR EE SE
*Eurostat figures
** Eurostat figures: GDP in millions of euro,
chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005
(at 2005 exchange rates)
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) per capita and per unit of GDP
TOE PEC /CAPITA*
PEC /GDP**
AUSTRIA 3,97 0,13
BELGIUM 5,18 0,17
BULGARIA 2,38 0,68
CZECH REPUBLIC 4,23 0,37
DENMARK 3,60 0,10
ESTONIA 3,99 0,48
FINLAND 6,75 0,22
FRANCE 4,18 0,15
GERMANY 4,10 0,14
GREECE 2,87 0,17
HUNGARY 2,59 0,29
IRELAND 3,32 0,09
ITALY 3,07 0,13
LATVIA 2,11 0,38
LITHUANIA 2,12 0,32
LUXEMBOURG 9,09 0,14
NETHERLANDS 5,03 0,15
POLAND 2,66 0,33
PORTUGAL 2,26 0,15
ROMANIA 1,63 0,39
SLOVAKIA 3,12 0,35
SLOVENIA 3,48 0,23
SPAIN 2,87 0,14
SWEDEN 5,67 0,17
UNITED KINGDOM 3,44 0,11
EU 3,52 0,15
SWITZERLAND 3,64 0,09
TURKEY 1,53 0,24
UNITED STATES 7,20 0,21
JAPAN 3,90 0,13
Energy intensity, as measured by PEC per unit of GDP is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation’s economy. In 2010 the energy efficiency in the EU countries increased slightly to 0,15.
Primary energy use per head of population (PEC/Capita) reflects both the geography and the industrial structure of a country. Accordingly, it varies very widely among EU countries. Reflecting an impact of the partial economic recovery, the average primary energy consumption of energy per capita in the EU in 2010 slightly increased in comparison with 2009 to reach 3,52. On average, the EU countries have a slightly lower energy use per capita than Japan, and half the United States.
6 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
MTOE - NCV OilProducts
Solid Fos-sil Fuels
NaturalGas Electricity Others Total
AUSTRIA 10,1 0,5 4,2 6,5 4,0 25,3
BELGIUM 21,5 1,2 10,3 6,6 1,6 41,2
BULGARIA 3,5 0,4 1,1 2,3 1,7 9,0
CZECH REPUBLIC 7,3 3,5 5,7 4,6 3,5 24,6
DENMARK 6,8 0,1 1,7 2,7 3,9 15,2
ESTONIA 0,6 0,5 0,1 0,6 0,3 2,1
FINLAND 7,8 0,6 1,0 6,6 8,4 24,4
FRANCE 67,5 4,9 32,6 36,5 13,6 155,0
GERMANY 80,4 8,6 48,8 42,4 27,4 207,6
GREECE 14,6 0,2 0,8 4,7 1,1 21,4
HUNGARY 6,5 0,6 6,0 2,9 2,1 18,1
IRELAND 7,6 0,6 1,6 2,1 0,0 12,0
ITALY 62,3 2,7 39,0 24,9 3,7 132,7
LATVIA 1,3 0,1 0,5 0,5 1,6 4,0
LITHUANIA 1,7 0,2 1,1 0,7 1,5 5,1
LUXEMBOURG 2,7 0,1 0,6 0,5 0,1 4,0
NETHERLANDS 26,6 1,6 18,6 8,8 5,7 61,3
POLAND 21,7 12,0 9,9 10,3 10,8 64,7
PORTUGAL 9,6 0,0 1,4 4,1 2,9 18,0
ROMANIA 7,5 0,6 6,6 3,2 5,6 23,6
SLOVAKIA 2,1 1,0 2,6 2,0 1,6 9,3
SLOVENIA 2,5 0,1 0,6 1,0 0,6 4,8
SPAIN 49,0 1,4 14,6 21,0 4,8 90,8
SWEDEN 9,2 0,9 0,5 10,6 10,3 31,5
UNITED KINGDOM 68,6 2,4 41,8 27,7 3,4 144,0
EU 499,1 44,7 251,8 234,0 120,1 1 149,7
SWITZERLAND 11,5 0,2 2,5 4,9 1,7 20,9
TURKEY 28,6 12,8 11,3 13,3 7,2 73,2
43%
20%
11%
22%4%
Oil Products
Solid Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas
Electricity
Others
Final Energy Consumption (FEC) is calculated from the sectoral use of energy, for which reliable data is available with a significant time-lag. FEC figures are shown for 2009. FEC is equivalent to Primary energy consumption excluding net energy losses in the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use and other energy sec-tor uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses). The major part of the difference is accounted for the conversion of primary fuels into electricity.
Units: Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent Net Calorific Value.
2009 Final Energy Consumption in Eurogas Member Countries
2009 Final Energy Consumption by fuel (EU)
2. Final Energy Consumption
Compared with 2008, final energy con-sumption in EU decreased by 6% to 1150 Mtoe. As a consequence of the economic downturn, final consumption of all fuels decreased in 2009 compared with 2008. In 2009, natural gas use in final energy consumption decreased by 7%, oil products by 7%, solid fos-sil fuels by 18% and electricity by 6%. Oil products remain the largest compo-nent of final energy consumption with a share of 43%.
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 7
Inland deliveries represent deliveries of marketable gas to the inland market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating and operation of their equipment and including losses in distribution.Units: Terawatt hours Gross Colorific Value.
2010 Inland Sales of Natural Gas by sector in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27
TWh - GCV Residential & Commercial Industry Power plants Transport Other
usesTotal Inland
sales
AUSTRIA 28,0 34,8 35,8 0,1 3,3 102,0
BELGIUM 101,2 46,9 67,1 0,0 0,0 215,2
BULGARIA 1,3 15,1 10,4 0,5 0,4 27,7
CZECH REPUBLIC 45,3 47,9 0,0 0,1 1,9 95,1
DENMARK 11,9 8,8 9,1 0,0 14,8 44,7
ESTONIA 1,0 4,5 0,5 0,2 0,3 6,6
FINLAND 1,1 21,6 26,7 0,0 0,1 49,6
FRANCE 312,3 181,0 55,2 1,2 0,0 549,7
GERMANY 410,3 345,0 175,0 2,7 0,0 933,0
GREECE 5,1 10,5 25,3 0,2 0,0 41,1
HUNGARY 61,6 17,4 36,2 0,0 11,4 126,6
IRELAND 13,3 7,0 39,6 0,9 0,0 60,8
ITALY 359,8 171,3 320,6 8,8 17,5 877,9
LATVIA 3,8 3,0 12,1 0,0 0,0 18,9
LITHUANIA 3,3 11,1 17,3 0,0 0,3 32,0
LUXEMBOURG 4,6 4,1 6,8 0,0 0,0 15,5
NETHERLANDS 203,6 95,6 199,1 0,0 8,7 507,0
POLAND 72,1 77,4 12,6 0,0 4,0 166,1
PORTUGAL 8,3 13,6 22,5 0,2 7,1 51,6
ROMANIA 40,3 67,7 32,9 0,0 6,0 146,8
SLOVAKIA 24,5 14,6 11,8 0,1 8,4 59,4
SLOVENIA 3,5 6,3 0,6 0,0 0,0 10,5
SPAIN 63,5 200,2 135,6 0,8 0,0 400,1
SWEDEN 2,2 5,7 10,5 0,4 0,0 18,8
UNITED KINGDOM 478,2 191,4 395,6 0,0 27,9 1 093,2
EU 27 2 260,0 1 602,6 1 659,0 16,2 112,1 5 649,9
SWITZERLAND 22,4 11,0 3,0 0,2 1,8 38,5
TURKEY 67,6 127,3 202,9 0,0 0,0 397,9
40%
29%
29%
0,3% 2%
Residential & Commercial
Industry
Power Plants
Transport
Others
2010 Natural Gas Sales by sector
The natural gas demand between 2009 and 2010 increased by 7,3% to 5650 TWh. The gas demand growth in the EU27 was explained by a com-bination of the severe weather conditions and partially by the economic recovery (1,8% real GDP growth1). Some general trends can be distin-guished for most of the EU countries.
Due to cold weather conditions in 2010, natural gas demand increased strongly by 11% in the residential sector.
Another driver of the gas sales growth was the industrial sector which reg-istered 9% recovery in 2010 compared with 2009.
The power sector played a large part in the total consumption growth with 3% increase. Higher electricity demand due to the partial economic recov-ery and switching to gas from other fuels increased the volume of gas used for power generation.
Even if transport represents only 0,3% of natural gas sales in 2010, volumes delivered increased by 12% between 2009 and 2010.
1Source: European Commission, EU interim forecast: Recovery gaining ground, 1 March 2011
3. Inland Deliveries of Natural Gas
8 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication.
*Including net exports.
** (-) Injection (+) Withdrawal
TWh - GCVIndige-
nous Pro-duction
Russia Norway Algeria Qatar Other sources*
Changes in stocks**
Other balances
Total Net Supplies
AUSTRIA 19,2 61,9 15,1 0,0 0,0 2,8 7,9 -4,9 102,0
BELGIUM 0,0 5,1 68,7 0,0 64,2 74,6 2,2 -0,4 215,2
BULGARIA 0,6 27,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,3 -1,8 27,7
CZECH REPUBLIC 1,5 57,8 11,2 0,0 0,0 21,2 7,7 -4,1 95,1
DENMARK 85,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 -35,1 1,2 -6,8 44,7
ESTONIA 0,0 6,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 6,6
FINLAND 0,0 49,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 49,6
FRANCE 8,3 77,1 176,6 73,9 27,0 156,6 30,3 0,0 549,7
GERMANY 123,6 351,2 312,1 0,0 0,0 113,5 46,5 -13,9 933,0
GREECE 0,0 21,9 0,0 8,1 0,4 10,4 -0,1 0,3 41,1
HUNGARY 30,3 70,7 0,0 0,0 0,0 27,5 -1,9 0,0 126,6
IRELAND 4,1 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 56,7 0,0 0,0 60,8
ITALY 87,8 238,0 39,3 295,7 74,9 147,8 -5,5 0,0 877,9
LATVIA 0,0 18,9 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 18,9
LITHUANIA 0,0 46,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 -14,7 0,1 0,0 32,0
LUXEMBOURG 0,0 3,7 8,0 0,0 1,9 1,8 0,0 0,0 15,5
NETHERLANDS 820,3 37,4 119,4 0,0 0,0 -470,1 0,0 0,0 507,0
POLAND 47,7 101,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 11,4 3,0 2,6 166,1
PORTUGAL 0,0 0,0 0,0 26,6 0,0 24,0 -0,2 1,2 51,6
ROMANIA 116,8 25,2 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 1,3 3,6 146,8
SLOVAKIA 1,1 66,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 -8,9 1,3 -0,1 59,4
SLOVENIA 0,0 5,2 0,0 3,6 0,0 1,6 0,0 0,1 10,5
SPAIN 1,2 0,0 37,7 122,0 65,5 173,3 -2,6 3,0 400,1
SWEDEN 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 18,9 0,0 0,0 18,8
UNITED KINGDOM 665,1 0,0 285,7 11,5 160,0 -44,1 15,3 -0,3 1 093,2
EU 27 2 012,9 1 271,8 1 073,7 541,5 394,0 269,2 107,7 -20,7 5 649,9
SWITZERLAND 0,0 9,3 8,9 0,0 0,0 20,4 0,0 0,0 38,5
TURKEY 7,3 187,0 0,0 41,6 19,6 156,5 0,6 -14,6 397,9
*Including supplies from sources which can not be identified.
Russia22%
Algeria 9%
Indigenous Production35%
Qatar 7%
Nigeria 3%Others* 1%
Egypt 1%
Libya 2%
Norway19%
Trinidad Tobago 1%
Natural Gas supplies (or inland consumption calculated) are defined as: Indigenous Production + Imports - Exports + Stock changes.Units: Terawatt hours Gross Calorific Value
2010 Natural Gas Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27
In 2010, indigenous gas production in the EU27 in-creased by 2% compared with 2009 to 2013 TWh, mainly due to the increase of production in the Netherlands.
The largest volume of gas supplied to the EU27 comes from indigenous production, making up 35% of the total net supplies in 2010. The supplies from the traditional EU partners have registered a slight decrease, with Russia at 22%, Norway at 19%, and Algeria at 9%. Qatar has become the fourth EU supplier with a share of 7%, illustrating the growing role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the EU gas supply.
2010 Breakdown of EU27 Supplies
4. Natural Gas Supplies
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 9
Pipeline76%
LNG24%
TWh - GCVLNG Net
Imports
BELGIUM 69,8
FRANCE 155,7
GREECE 12,1
ITALY 96,1
PORTUGAL 28,7
SPAIN 312,0
UNITED KINGDOM 203,8
EU 27 878,2
TURKEY 87,0
*Including supplies from sources which can not be identified.
Algeria18%
Egypt5%
Norway3%
TrinidadTobago
6%
Qatar45%
Oman0,2%
Nigeria19%
Libya 0,5%
Peru 1%
Others*3%
2010 LNG Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27
2010 Breakdown of EU27 LNG Supplies
In 2010, LNG supplies in EU27 grew by 24% compared with 2009 to reach 878 TWh. The increased LNG receiving capacities in Europe and the available global supply at competitive prices have significantly contributed to this growth. The share of Qatar in the EU LNG imports has almost doubled over the period to reach 45%.
The EU LNG regasification capacity more than doubled in the last five years. The 18 LNG terminals in the EU in 2010 provided a total nominal regasification capacity of 175 BCM per year of gas2.
In 2010 almost one quarter of the EU net imports was delivered by LNG. This represents a significant increase compared with 2009 when LNG represented only 19% of the total net imports from non-EU countries.
2010 Net imports to EU27 from non-EU Countries by type of transport
2Source: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011, page II.58
5. LNG Imports
10 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Number of storage facilities
Maximum working
volume*
Maximum withdrawal
capacity**
AUSTRIA 5 4 744 55
BELGIUM 1 600 12
BULGARIA 1 600 4
CZECH REPUBLIC 8 3 127 52
DENMARK 2 1 020 18
ESTONIA 0 0 0
FINLAND 0 0 0
FRANCE 15 11 900 200
GERMANY 46 21 297 515
GREECE 0 0 0
HUNGARY 5 6 330 72
IRELAND 1 230 3
ITALY 10 14 747 153
LATVIA 1 2 325 24
LITHUANIA 0 0 0
LUXEMBOURG 0 0 0
NETHERLANDS 3 5 000 145
POLAND 7 1 640 32
PORTUGAL 1 159 2
ROMANIA 8 2 760 28
SLOVAKIA 1 2 785 39
SLOVENIA 0 0 0
SPAIN 2 2 367 13
SWEDEN 1 9 1
UNITED KINGDOM 6 4 350 86
EU 27 124 85 990 1 453
SWITZERLAND 0 0 0
TURKEY 2 2 661 18
The figures show natural gas underground storage facilities for peak shaving, seasonal variations and strategic security of supply and exclude liquefied natural gas storage. In some countries such as Greece and Spain, LNG storages are strategically as well as operationally significant.
While the number of physical facilities remained stable in 2010 in comparison with 2009, working volumes in-creased by 3% and withdrawal capacity by 2%. Many countries are planning to construct new or expand existing storage sites. Thus the number of facilities and working volumes are expected to increase in the coming years.
Natural Gas Underground Storages at 1 January 2011
* Million m3
** Million m3/day
6. Underground Storage Facilities
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 11
Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication
* In kilometres.
** Number of gas customers are counted by number of meters, and include domestic as well as
non-domestic (industrial, commercial and other) customers.
*** Eurogas and NGVA Europe.
Total length of
pipelines*
Number of gas customers
(in thousands)**
Number of
employees
Number of natural gas vehicles***
AUSTRIA 39 856 1 351 2 700 5 608
BELGIUM 71 095 2 886 3 800 241
BULGARIA 5 921 59 1 700 61 623
CZECH REPUBLIC 75 939 2 847 4 955 2 700
DENMARK 20 400 396 1 500 0
ESTONIA 2 306 43 291 147
FINLAND 2 990 37 360 1 100
FRANCE 229 700 11 404 32 000 13 000
GERMANY 443 000 19 400 38 400 89 975
GREECE 6 713 240 930 702
HUNGARY 86 882 3 534 5 275 56
IRELAND 12 923 642 600 1
ITALY 283 809 22 230 30 000 740 000
LATVIA 6 035 443 1 264 211
LITHUANIA 10 000 552 1 750 190
LUXEMBOURG 2 934 82 0 369
NETHERLANDS 150 700 7 000 9 500 3 000
POLAND 127 774 6 635 36 000 2 100
PORTUGAL 15 647 1 119 600 100
ROMANIA 46 899 2 942 28 869 0
SLOVAKIA 35 003 1 488 4 026 823
SLOVENIA 4 050 150 490 5
SPAIN 74 200 7 184 6 293 2 942
SWEDEN 3 100 40 250 32 038
UNITED KINGDOM 285 600 23 099 54 178 220
EU 27 2 043 476 115 800 265 731 957 151
SWITZERLAND 18 352 445 1 550 9 600
TURKEY 24 000 9 540 68 000 3 339
Total length of pipelinesAt the end of 2010, total length of pipelines, transmission and distribution, increased by approximately 1% in comparison with 2009 representing 2 million kilometres.
Number of gas customersAt the end of 2010, the total number of gas customers connected to the EU27 natural gas grid rose by approxi-mately 1% in comparison to 2009, to reach 115,8 million customers.
Number of employeesThe number of employees in the natural gas industry was stable between 2009 and 2010, with about 266 thou-sands employees at the end of 2010.
Number of natural gas vehiclesThe number of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in EU already today is approaching around one million.
7. Natural Gas Industry in Figures
12 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Source: BP
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Natural Gas
Oil
2% 4%5%
8%
9%
31%
41%
1%17%
5%
10%
3%
9%
55%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Natural Gas
Oil
2% 4%5%
8%
9%
31%
41%
1%17%
5%
10%
3%
9%
55%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Natural Gas
Oil
2% 4%5%
8%
9%
31%
41%
1%17%
5%
10%
3%
9%
55%
Western EuropeSouth & Central AmericaNorth AmericaAfricaAsia PacificC.I.S.Middle East
Natural Gas
Total proved reserves at end 2010: 187 TCM (1012 m3)
Oil
Total proved reserves at end 2010: 1383 billion barrels
1980
2010
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Source: BP
Oil
Natural Gas
World Gas and Oil Reserves by region, 2010
World Reserves / Production Ratios, Gas vs Oil (years)
Unconventional Gas, estimated World Reserves (in TCM)New production techniques mean that ‘unconventional’ gas can now be produced from shale, coalbed methane, and other ‘tight’ formations. It is difficult to predict the reserves and how much is recoverable. There are no reli-able industry estimates of how much unconventional gas there may be worldwide. Volumes are believed to be many times larger than the conventional reserves referred to above.
In 1980, the R/P ratio for gas was about 56 years, and for oil 29 years. By 2010 (30 years later), the gas R/P ratio had increased to 59 years. This reflects the fact that discovery of gas reserves has outstripped production and use of gas.
Coalbed methane
Conventional gas
Tight
Shale
10
85
40
110North America
70
40
60South America
58 10
23Europe
91
120
70
Middle East & Africa
58
112
2650
Former Soviet Union
1649 51
199Asia Pacific
NBConventional gas: proved reservesUnconventional gas : resources
Sources: BP Statistical Review 2011 - Proved reserves; Kawata & Fujita, GDF SUEZGlobal Gas & LNG and EIA/Advanced Resources International - Unconventional gas reserves
8. Natural Gas Reserves
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 13
According to Eurogas estimates, gas demand in the EU decreased by 9% (around 25 bcm)3 in the first six months of 2011 compared with the same period in 2010. The main driver for the decline in natural gas consumption was the mild temperature in the first half of the year, compared with the very cold weather in early 2010.
In particular in the residential and commercial sector, gas consumption in the first quarter of 2011 was significantly below the 2010 level, as the beginning of 2011 was not characterised by extraordinarily cold days. The decline in gas demand this year so far has been sharper in countries where home and office heating makes up a large share of gas demand.
In addition, in the power sector, the market conditions have favoured coal consumption so far through 2011, more than in 2010.
In the industrial sector, the gas consumption has been flat compared with 2010. Indeed, although the EU-27’s industrial production index showed signs of partial recovery at the beginning of 20114, the mild temperature of the first half of 2011 counterbalanced this effect.
Taking 2011 as a whole, the consumption of gas should be lower compared with 2010. Given the exceptionally cold weather conditions throughout 2010, the coldest year in western and northern Europe since 19965, preliminary estimates indicate an overall reduction of 5-7% compared with last year, which would correspond to an annual consumption in 2011 of 495-485 bcm.
Over time, Eurogas expects that natural gas demand will resume its growth. Based on the highly efficient, proven technologies and environmental friendliness of natural gas, Eurogas anticipates that gas will continue playing a key role in energy supply and contribution to a realistic EU climate policy.
3 Based on terawatt hours, the applied calorific values (10,83 kWh/cubic metre GCV; 11,63 TWh/MTOE NCV; NCV = 0,9 GCV) are representing a European average.
4 Eurostat, Industrial output in the EU and Euro area - Issue number 36/2011 5 World Meteorological Organization
9. Expectations for 2011
14 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Minsk
Sarajevo
Sofia
Prague
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Snøhvit
Paris
Tiflis
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Rome
Livorno
Amman
Homs
Damascus
Aleppo
Kilis
Tripoli
Milan
Vilnius
SkopjeTirana
Podgorica
Valletta
Chisinau
Monaco
Oslo
Warsawa
Bucharest
Belgrade
Moscow
Madrid
Stockholm
Bern
Tunis
Ankara
Kiev
Algiers
Mallorca
Ibiza
ViennaMunich
Brussels
Nicosia
Cairo
Berlin
Dublin
Tel Aviv
BeirutRabat
Lisbon
Ljubljana
London
Barcelona
Ferrol
Bilbao
Montoir
Bacton Gate
Isle of Grain
Milford Haven
Morecambe
Teesside
SleipnerBritannia
Ekofisk
Draupner
Tyra
Zeebrugge
Groningen
TrollGullfaks
HeidrunAsgard
Statfjord
Brent
Frigg
Heimdal
Sagunto
FosFaster
FosTonkin
La Spezia
Rovigo
PortoEmpedocle
Revithoussa
MarmaraEreglisi
IzmirHuelva
Sines
Cartagena
Istanbul
St. Petersburg
Essen
Riga
Tallinn
Izmir
Nynashamn
Zagreb
Gijon
Antifer
Dunkerque
Zaule
Krk
FosCavaou
Swinoujscie
Bratislava
Minsk
Sarajevo
Sofia
Prague
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Snøhvit
Paris
Tiflis
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Rome
Livorno
Amman
Homs
Damascus
Aleppo
Kilis
Tripoli
Milan
Vilnius
SkopjeTirana
Podgorica
Valletta
Chisinau
Monaco
Oslo
Warsawa
Bucharest
Belgrade
Moscow
Madrid
Stockholm
Bern
Tunis
Ankara
Kiev
Algiers
Mallorca
Ibiza
ViennaMunich
Brussels
Nicosia
Cairo
Berlin
Dublin
Tel Aviv
BeirutRabat
Lisbon
Ljubljana
London
Barcelona
Ferrol
Bilbao
Montoir
Bacton Gate
Isle of Grain
Milford Haven
Morecambe
Teesside
SleipnerBritannia
Ekofisk
Draupner
Tyra
Zeebrugge
Groningen
TrollGullfaks
HeidrunAsgard
Statfjord
Brent
Frigg
Heimdal
Sagunto
FosFaster
FosTonkin
La Spezia
Rovigo
PortoEmpedocle
Revithoussa
MarmaraEreglisi
IzmirHuelva
Sines
Cartagena
Istanbul
St. Petersburg
Essen
Riga
Tallinn
Izmir
Nynashamn
Zagreb
Gijon
Antifer
Dunkerque
Zaule
Krk
FosCavaou
Swinoujscie
Bratislava
Minsk
Sarajevo
Sofia
Prague
Copenhagen
Helsinki
Snøhvit
Paris
Tiflis
Athens
Budapest
Reykjavik
Rome
Livorno
Amman
Homs
Damascus
Aleppo
Kilis
Tripoli
Milan
Vilnius
SkopjeTirana
Podgorica
Valletta
Chisinau
Monaco
Oslo
Warsawa
Bucharest
Belgrade
Moscow
Madrid
Stockholm
Bern
Tunis
Ankara
Kiev
Algiers
Mallorca
Ibiza
ViennaMunich
Brussels
Nicosia
Cairo
Berlin
Dublin
Tel Aviv
BeirutRabat
Lisbon
Ljubljana
London
Barcelona
Ferrol
Bilbao
Montoir
Bacton Gate
Isle of Grain
Milford Haven
Morecambe
Teesside
SleipnerBritannia
Ekofisk
Draupner
Tyra
Zeebrugge
Groningen
TrollGullfaks
HeidrunAsgard
Statfjord
Brent
Frigg
Heimdal
Sagunto
FosFaster
FosTonkin
La Spezia
Rovigo
PortoEmpedocle
Revithoussa
MarmaraEreglisi
IzmirHuelva
Sines
Cartagena
Istanbul
St. Petersburg
Essen
Riga
Tallinn
Izmir
Nynashamn
Zagreb
Gijon
Antifer
Dunkerque
Zaule
Krk
FosCavaou
Swinoujscie
Bratislava
10. The European Natural Gas Grid in 2011
EUROGAS | Statistical Report | 15
Notes
16 | Statistical Report | EUROGAS
THE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
Av. de Cortenbergh 172, box 6 • B-1000 Brussels • Phone +32 (0) 2 894 48 48 • Fax +32 (0) 2 894 48 00 WWW.EUROGAS.ORG
Published in December 2011
Batna
Oran
Ouargla
Graz
GomelLida
Mogilev
Port SaidSuez
Rovaniemi
Tampere
Vaasa
Poti
Sochi
IraklionKhania
Xanthi
Pecs
Bari
Catania
Guryev
BanghaziMisratah
Klaipeda
Marrakech
Alta
Mo
Trondheim
Olsztyn
Coimbra
Arad
Braila
Arkhangelsk
Astrakhan
Kaluga
Kirov
Murmansk
Novgorod
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Voronezh
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Le Havre
Patrai
Siglufjordhur
Liepaja
Tangier
Bergen
Hammerfest
La Coruna
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BrnoOstrava
Torshavn
Bordeaux Lyon
Marseille
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London
International associations
➤ To help improve knowledge of natural gas, of its performances and of its use;
➤ To promote the development of natural gas in Europe particularly in the legal, economic, technical and scientific areas, to prepare studies and to promote cooperation within the gas industry;
➤ To promote the smooth functioning of the European internal gas market and to take stance on issues of interest to the European natural gas industry with respect to international and supra- national organizations including, but not limited to the European Institutions and to public opinion.
Membership of Eurogas
Eurogas is a Brussels based non-profit making organization and has the following members:AFG - Association Française du Gaz (FR), AGN (PT)*, ANIGAS (IT)*, BDEW - Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. (DE), Bord Gáis Éireann (IE), BOTA (TR)*, BP (UK), Bulgargaz (BG)*, Centrica (UK), CPU - Czech Gas Union (CZ), DEPA (GR), Distrigas (BE), DONG Energy (DK), EDF - Electricité de France (FR), Edison (IT), EGL AG (CH), ENA - Energy Network Association (UK), Energie-Nederland (NL), Energigas Sverige (SE), ENI (IT), ENOVOS Luxembourg S.A. (LU), E.ON Ruhrgas AG (DE), Febeg (BE), FGW - Fachverband der Gas- und Wärmeversorgungsunternehmungen (AT), Galp Gás Natural s.a. (PT), Gas Natural Fenosa (ES), GasTerra (NL), Gasum (FI), GAZBIR* Natural Gas Distribution Companies Association of Turkey (TR), GDF SUEZ (FR), Geoplin (SI), GERG - European Gas Research Group (EU), HMN Naturgas (DK), Latvijas Gaze (LV)*, Lietuvos Dujos (LT)*, Marcogaz (EU), MGE - Hungarian Gas Association (HU), Naftogaz of Ukraine (UA)*, OMV Gas and Power GmbH (AT), PGNIG - Polish Oil and Gas Company (PL), Romgaz (RO)*, Russian Gas Society (RU)*, RWE Supply & Trading GmbH (DE), SEDIGAS - Asociación Española del Gas (ES), SHELL Energy Europe Ltd. (UK), South Hook Gas Ltd (UK), Slovenský plynárenský priemysel, a.s. (SPP) (SK), Swiss Association of Gas Industry (CH), Swissgas (CH), Synergrid (BE)*, Total S.A. (FR), VNG AG - Verbundnetz Gas AG (DE).
*Associate Members
Objectives of Eurogas