STATISTICALGRAPHS

INTRODUCTION

In Statistics, we’ve studied about the Frequency Distribution based on the given data. These data were classified as grouped and ungrouped. Based on the data given, we can determine how the table should be. For making a Frequency Distribution Table for ungrouped data is way too easy, while for grouped data, is quite complicated.

The Frequency Distribution table is not only the way to express or to file the data. We also use graphs to not just illustrate the data given but also to be able us to understand the data through in visual way. There are 5 different graphs: Bar Graph, Histogram, Frequency Polygon, Pie Chart and the OGIVE Chart.

TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle…………………………….…….Slide1

Introduction……………............…..Slide2Table of Contents...………………..Slide3Frequency Distribution…………...Slide 4Bar Graph……………………….…..Slide 5-6Histogram…………………………...Slide 7-8Frequency Polygon…………….….Slide 9-10Pie Chart…………………………….Slide 11-12OGIVE Chart………………………..Slide 13-14Generalization……………………...Slide 15Credits……………………………….Slide 16

Frequency Distribution TableIs a table w/ the data arranged into different classes

and number of cases which fall into each class.

This table shows the Frequency Distribution for grouped data:

Frequency Distribution of the Number of Members of Each FamilyAmong 50 Families

No. of Members

Tally Frequency (f) ClassMark

UpperBoundary

Lower Boundary

1-2 IIIII-IIIII 9 1.5 2.5 0.5

3-4 IIIII-IIIII-IIIII 15 3.5 4.5 2.5

5-6 IIIII-IIIII 10 5.5 6.5 4.5

7-8 IIIII-II 7 7.5 8.5 6.5

9-10 IIII 4 9.5 10.5 8.5

11-12 II 2 11.5 12.5 10.5

13-14 III 3 13.5 14.5 12.5

N = 50 59.5 45.5

Bar GraphIs used to show relative sizes of data. Bars drawn

proportional to the data may be horizontal or vertical.

In constructing Bar Graphs, the following pointers are suggested:

1) Write the appropriate title for the graph indicating important important information.2) Label both axes. For double or multiple bar graphs, use legend to identify bars.

The zero point should be clearly indicated.3) Bars must be proportional to the quantities they are representing. The width of the

bars must be equal.4) There must be uniform space between bars.5) If necessary, highlight sources and footnotes.

1 to 2

3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 8 9 to 10

11 to 12

13 to 14

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Bar Graph of Frequency Distribution of the No. of Members of each Family Among 50

Families

Frequency Distri-bution of the No. of Members of each Family Among 50 Students

Figure 2.1 Bar Graph

Histogram

It is a graph that is like the bar graph but only differ in the bars which is joined together and instead of using class intervals it uses the class boundaries (LB – UB).

It consists of adjacent rectangles whose width is the distance from the lower to the upper class boundary and the height is the corresponding frequency.

Series102468

10121416

Histogram of the Frequency Distribution of the No. of Members of Each Family

Among 50 Families

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.514.5

Figure 2.2 Histogram

Frequency PolygonIt shows the relationship between two or more

sets of continuous data. For instance, it may show the relationship between a population and time, or liquid capacity and distance.

In Constructing Frequency Polygon, the following Pointers are suggested:

1) State clearly the title of the graph indicating important information about the data.

2) Label both axes. For multiple Frequency polygon, a legend will facilitate understanding of the information the graph wants to convey. The zero point should be clearly indicated.

3) Connect plotted points from left to right.4) Sources and footnotes should be provided, if necessary.5) For multiple Frequency Polygons, one line should be distinguished from the other.

This can be done through the use of color or line forms.

1 to 2 3 to 4 5 to 6 7 to 8 9 to 10

11 to 12

13 to 14

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Frequency Polygon of Frequency Distri-bution of the No. of Members of each

Family Among 50 Families

Frequency Polygon of Frequency Dis-tribution of the No. of Members of each Family Among 50 Families

Figure 2.3 Frequency Polygon

Pie Chart

Is best used to compare parts to a whole. The size of each sector of the circle is proportional to the size of the category that it represents

To make a Circle Graph, the following pointers are suggested:

1) Organize the data on the table by providing column to the fractional parts or percent each quantity is of the whole and the number of degrees representing each fractional part.

2) On a circle, construct successive central angles using the number of degrees representing each part.

3) Label each part with the appropriate title for the graph.

18%

30%20%

14%

8%

6% 4%

Pie Chart of the Frequency Distribution of the No. of Members of each Family Among

50 Families1 to 23 to 45 to 67 to 89 to 1011 to 1213 to 14

Figure 2.4 Pie Chart

OGIVE Chart

Is a Frequency polygon where the cumulative frequency of each class is plotted against the corresponding class boundary.

For the same data, the less than ogive and the greater than ogive are graphed in one grid. Take note of the importance of the intersection of the ogives.

Se-ries1

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Less than Cumu-lative FrequencyGreater than Cumulative Fre-quency

0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 10.5 12.5 14.5

OGIVE Chart

Figure 2.5 OGIVE Chart

GENERALIZATION

There are 4 Graphs to show the Frequency Distribution of data. It is: Bar Graph, Histogram, Frequency Polygon and the Pie Chart.

OGIVE Chart is used to illustrate the Less than cumulative Frequency and the Greater than cumulative Frequency.

CREDITSJOHN ROME R. ARANAS

Creator

SOURCES AND RESOURCES

Myself

New Century Mathematics by Phoenix Publishing

Statistics: Rudiments and Analysis of Data by ICS

Publishing

Math Notebook

Ms. Charmaigne Marie Mahamis

Google

Wikipedia