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States of Matter Slide 2 Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Solids, liquids, or gases Slide 3 What is matter made of? Matter is made of molecules. Molecules are made of atoms.atoms Slide 4 What is Matter? Matter is explained by the structure and arrangement of its atoms (ie. Water=H20) Matter is composed of extremely small particles, too small to be seen with a microscope. These very extremely small particles are called atoms Slide 5 What is an Element? An element is a substance made from only one type of atom.atom There are more than 100 elements that combine in a multitude of ways that make up all biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) things we encounter For example Carbon is made entirely from carbon atoms. Sodium is made entirely from sodium atoms. Carbon Sodium An element cannot be broken down (chemically) into a more simple substance. Slide 6 Slide 7 Water= H20 Slide 8 Atoms have all of the properties of matter. Volume Mass Shape All atoms have mass and occupy space. Atoms are the smallest part of an element that has the chemical properties of the element. Slide 9 Slide 10 States of Matter Slide 11 Three states of matter solid liquid gas At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states. Slide 12 7G Solids, Liquids and Gases Properties of solids, liquids and gases Summary activities Diffusion Introducing states of matter The particle model Contents Slide 13 The particle model The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the All substances are made up of particles. The particles are attracted to each other. Some particles are attracted strongly to each other and others weakly. The particles move around. They are described as having kinetic energy. The kinetic energy of the particles increases with temperature. Slide 14 Phases(Stages) of Matter Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. 2013 S. Coates Slide 15 Phases of Matter Examples of Solids: 2013 S. Coates Slide 16 Phases of Matter Solids have a definite SHAPE Solids have a definite VOLUME 2013 S. Coates ExampleMarble Shape = Sphere Volume = can be found using water displacement Slide 17 Particles in a solid animation Solids: Particles are tightly packed together and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. Slide 18 Phases of Matter Liquids: Particles are still tightly packed together and they SLIDE, move past each other. Has definite volume but not shape. 2013 S. Coates Slide 19 Phases of Matter Liquids DO NOT have a definite SHAPE, they take the shape of their container. Liquids have a definite VOLUME 2013 S. Coates ExampleOrange Juice Shape = None, it takes the shape of the glass. Volume = can be found using a beaker or graduated cylinder. Slide 20 Phases of Matter Examples of Liquids: 2013 S. Coates Slide 21 Particles in a liquid animation Slide 22 Phases of Matter Gases: Particles are not tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. 2013 S. Coates Slide 23 Phases of Matter Examples of Gases: 2013 S. Coates Slide 24 Phases of Matter Gases DO NOT have a definite SHAPE Gases DO NOT have a definite VOLUME 2013 S. Coates ExampleSmoke Shape = Not definite. Volume = Not definite. Gases are usually always expanding. Slide 25 Particles in a gas animation Slide 26 Solid, liquid or gas? Slide 27 Slide 28 What causes matter to change phases? Energy! The adding or removing of heat. Slide 29 Slide 30 Phases of Matter Energy is what changes a phase of matter. Argon BOILS at -186C, so when you hold it at room temperature you can see ALL 3 phases at the same time. 2013 S. Coates Slide 31 Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: 2013 S. Coates SolidLiquid ADDED The added energy has caused the chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past one another. ADDED The added energy has caused the chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are moving fast enough to slip past one another. Slide 32 Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: 2013 S. Coates LiquidGas ADDED The added energy has caused the water particles to speed up. Before they were moving fast enough to slip past one another, now they have enough energy to break away from one another and expand. Slide 33 Phases of Matter Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change: 2013 S. Coates LiquidSolid Taken Away Taking away energy from a rain drop slows the water molecules down so that they no longer slide past one another.