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Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 WH.H.3
Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in
medieval civilizations.
• Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain …– The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects
on western Europe.– The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in
Medieval times.– The Kingdom of Charlemagne – The Feudalism & Manorial Systems– The Cause and Effect of the Crusades
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Fall of the Roman Empire:
• Visigoths, influenced by Roman law, Christianity
• Attacked by Huns under Attila in 5th c. CE• Massive migration of Germanic peoples
into Roman Empire• The Visigoth AlaricAlaric sacked Rome in 410
CE
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Germanic invasions and the fall of the western Roman Empire, 450-476 CE
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Businesses and trade collapsed
People were unwilling to trade with strangers
Money was scarce Cities were
abandoned
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Age of Age of Charlemagne Charlemagne
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
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What are the ‘Middle Ages’?
• The time after the Roman Empire declined
• Medieval Europe was fragmented after the Germanic Tribes took over
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Roman Political System
Structured government
Citizenship and loyal to public government and written laws
Cities were the centers for government and trade
People followed the rule of kings and emperors
Middle Ages Government
Unstructured, family loyalties
Governed by unwritten rules and traditions
Germanic groups pledged loyal to chiefs that had warriors to protect them
Lived in small communities
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Germanic Customs• Germanic invaders could
not read or write so learning declined
• Germanic tribes did have a rich oral tradition of songs and legends but NO WRITTEN language
• No common language since Latin began to change from region to region
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The Germanic rulers were illiterate so the literacy rate dramatically fell
Greek and Roman works were lostLatin was no longer an understood
languageThe Catholic Church did survive and
provided some order and security in a time of chaos
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Christianity• Germanic tribes
adopted Christianity• Monasteries –
communities of nuns and monks who were servants of God–They were Europe’s
best educated –They opened schools
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Christianity
–Maintained libraries–Copied important books: this
preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements
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Monastery of the Cross
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Saint George Monastery
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Gregory the Great• Missionaries carried Christianity
and the Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes
• Gregory the Great = Pope who expanded the pope’s power to be involved in politics.– He used church revenues
(money) to:• Raise armies• Repair Roads• Help the Poor
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The Carolingian Dynasty• Charles Martel – Expanded Frankish
power and became more powerful than the king
• His son Pepin the Short was anointed by the Pope as king by the grace of God
• This began what is known as the reign of the Carolingian Dynasty = time of Frankish rulers
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Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 WH.H.3
Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in
medieval civilizations.
• Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain …– The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects
on western Europe.– The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in
Medieval times.– The Kingdom of Charlemagne – The Feudalism & Manorial Systems– The Cause and Effect of the Crusades
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Charles the GreatCharles the Great• He was 6ft 4inches = taller
than many in Europe• AKA Charlemagne• Becomes king of the Francs• Quickly controlled the entire
kingdom of the Francs • Spread Christianity and
reunited western Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
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Age of Charlemagne• He regularly visited every
part of his kingdom• Limited the power of the
nobles• Encouraged learning which
revived Roman Culture• The Pope crowned him
Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
• After he died his united kingdom fell apart
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MORE INVASIONS!• From 800 to 1000 the Magyar warriors
terrorized Germany and Italy• From the north, the Vikings attacked• Vikings attacked with quick speed.
–They beached their ships, attacked, then shoved out to sea again
–They were also traders and explorers (Leif Leif EricsonEricson)
–Impressive warships
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• Answer the following warm-up questions from your book using pages 358-359:– Where did the Vikings come from?– Quickly explain how the Vikings attacks
would be carried out.– Describe the brilliant technology that the
Vikings had with the ship building? What were the effects of this technology?
The VikingsThe Vikings
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• The need for protection cause the birth of feudalism– During the high point of the invasions a new
form of government was developed with a focus on the following characteristics:• Local government• Local protection• Local self-sufficiency
Need for protection forms a new Need for protection forms a new political systempolitical system
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The Middle Ages
Feudalism
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Feudalism Rises• A system of
landholding and governing
• It was based on an exchange of protection for other services
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Feudal Pyramid
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lords
Feudal System
Lords giveknights/vassalsland (fief) inexchange forthe knights’promiseto defend the lord and his land
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Feudal Society• Rigid (strict) class structure
FiefLand given to a Vassal from a Lord
VassalThe person receiving the fief
SerfPeasants who work the land
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Manors• The manor is the lord’s estate
• The manoral system is an economic arrangement that is self-sufficient
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Manors• Lord provides housing, strips of
farmland, and protection from bandits
• In return, serfs tend the lands, cared for his animals, and maintained the estate/manor
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Life on the Manor• Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from
the manor• Generally 15-30 families lived in the
village on a manor• Everything needed such as food, clothes,
fuel, lumber and leather goods were produced on the manor
• Only outside purchases were salt, iron and unusual objects
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Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 WH.H.3
Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in
medieval civilizations.
• Student will be able to explain …Student will be able to explain …– The Fall of Western Rome and the lasting effects
on western Europe.– The Rise and Role of Christianity and Islam in
Medieval times.– The Kingdom of Charlemagne – The Feudalism & Manorial Systems– The Cause and Effect of the Crusades
![Page 35: Statement of Objective:WH.H.3 Understand how conflict and innovation influenced political, religious, economic and social changes in medieval civilizations.](https://reader038.fdocuments.in/reader038/viewer/2022110101/56649e635503460f94b5fa3b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Problems with Feudalism• Possible to have allegiances to more than one
person• No strong central government
– King must ask his lords for knights in time of war
– King must ask his lords for money to pay for things
– Lords hold most of the power• Lords constantly fighting among
themselves.
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How to Gain / Stay in PowerHow to Gain / Stay in Power
• GET More LAND!!
• More land = more crops = more $
• How to Get More Land?• Conquer it
• Medieval times saw constant fighting• Marry into it
• Make Alliances
• It helps to have friends• Marry off your daughter to secure an alliance
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The Norman Conquest
• In 1066, England was invaded by Normans (Vikings from modern-day France)
•The Battle of Hastings –Harold, King of England killed–William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) takes over.
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William of Normandy helped make England what it is today and codified feudalism (gave
it the force of law).
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• French was spoken in the English court for the next 200 years.
• 1066 - William I creates Domesday Book for purposes of fair tax collection.– Great resource for
modern historians to learn about Medieval life)
Norman ship
William of Normandy
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The Crusades!Christian
Holy War
Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.
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The Invaders• In 1093, Byzantine
Emperor named Alexius Comnenus ask for help against invaders– THE INVADERS: The
Muslim Turks aka Ottoman Turks
• The Muslim Turks were trying to take over the Byzantine capital of CONSTANTINOPLE
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Pope Urban II• Pope Urban II read the letter asking for help
and called for a “holy war” or CRUSADE
• He said those who fought and died in the Crusades would be promised a spot in Heaven with all sins forgiven
• He was also looking to calm the issues with sedentary Knights of Europe.
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THE GOAL• The goal of these
Christian soldiers were to recover –1. Jerusalem and
–2. Holy Land
• They wanted it back from the Muslim Turks
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Crusader Spirit• There were economic and religious motives for
the Crusades
–Kings and the Church: A way to get rid of knights who always fought each other and threatened the peace of the kingdom
–Younger Sons: A way to gain land and position in society since the oldest son gets everything
–Knights and Commoners: fired by religious zeal (passion)
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First Crusade
• Unprepared troops
• No strategy
• Captured Jerusalem
• Carved in up into 4 Crusader states
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Second Crusade• Muslim leader
Saladin takes control of Jerusalem
• Muslim Turks re-conquer the city
• Saladin is described to be honest and brave
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Third Crusade• Richard the Lion
Heart = English King and two other leaders recapture Jerusalem
• He and Saladin respected each other and signed a peace treaty that lasted only a short while…
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The Magna Carta
• English King John , Brother of Richard I and grandson of William the Conqueror, was a bad king so his nobles forced him to sign it
• Limited powers of king. • Signed in 1215• Example of Rule of Law
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Magna Carta - 1215• No royal official shall take goods from any
man without immediate payment.• No free man shall be imprisoned except by
the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land.
• In future no official shall place a man on trial without producing credible witnesses.
• Courts shall be held in a fixed place at a fixed time.
• The barons shall elect a House of Lords for the creation of laws.
• The English church shall be free.• For a trivial offence, a free man shall be
fined only in proportion to the degree of his offence.
Due Process of LawDue Process of Law
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In the End• The Christians
are finally pushed out of Jerusalem
• Muslim Turks are the victors and take over the Byzantine in 1453
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Effects of the Crusades• Negatives:
– Weakened the Byzantine Empire, the Pope and nobles
– Kings become stronger– Leaves a legacy of bitterness between the
Christians, Jews and the Muslims
• Positives:– Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and
Middle East– Europe learns much from the Muslims
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Pictures Cited• Slide 1 –
http://us.movies1.yimg.com/movies.yahoo.com/images/hv/photo/movie_pix/twentieth_century_fox/kingdom_of_heaven/_group_photos/orlando_bloom5.jpg
• Slide 2 – http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st%20Crusades.files/Crusades.files/Crusaders%20Constantinople%201204_t.jpg, http://sharpiron.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/sassanian_heavy_cavalry1.jpg
• Slide 3 – http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/urban2.jpg
• Slide 4 – http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/L/K/UrbanIIPreaches-l.jpg, http://www.topfoto.co.uk/gallery/PapalVisits/images/prevs/0819352.jpg
• Slide 5 – http://kelticklankirk.com/templar_knight_crusaders_in_battle_33.jpg
• Slide 6 – http://shalomrav.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/crusades1.jpg
• Slide 7 – http://vwt.d2g.com:8081/crusaders.jpg
• Slide 8 – http://www.supremacygames.net/RJSnews/2005_images/crusade_movie.jpg
• Slide 9 – http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2005/images/crusades.jpg
• Slide 10 – http://www.civfanatics.net/~civrules/Article/MiscScreens/Saladin.jpg
• Slide 11 – http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/portraits/engravers/graphics/richard.jpg
• Slide 12 – http://templars.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/templar1.jpg
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Pictures Cited• Slide 1 – http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/middleages/images/rainbow.jpg• Slide 2 – http://scrapbookingtolearn.com/images/maxpages/MidAges3pgkage.jpg• Slide 3 – http://beeradvocate.com/im/articles/668-1.jpg• Slide 4 – http://www.writespirit.net/image/unknown/christ• Slide 5 – http://pow.reonline.org.uk/images/pic_christianity.jpg• Slide 6 – http://www.sacred-destinations.com/israel/images/jerusalem/monastery-of-
cross/monastery-of-the-cross-cc-heatkernel.jpg• Slide 7 – http://www.atpm.com/7.09/israel/images/st-george-monastery.jpg• Slide 8 – http://images.jupiterimages.com/common/detail/15/97/23359715.jpg• Slide 9 – http://www.atlastours.net/holyland/mar_saba_monastery.jpg• Slide 10 – http://stgregory.all-catholic.net/gregory2.jpg• Slide 12 – http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/4/4e/250px-
Charlemagne-by-Durer.jpg• Slide 13 – http://www.nndb.com/people/180/000085922/charlemagne-1-sized.jpg• Slide 14 – http://globalgenealogy.com/globalgazette/images/gazxs42a.jpg• Slide 16 – http://home.exetel.com.au/manxman/vikings/CoolPrintVikingShip.jpg• Slide 17 – http://www.geocities.com/richard_holmes/images/bodiam.jpg• Slide 18 – http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/c/ca/250px-
Rolandfealty.jpg• Slide 19 – http://media.allrefer.com/s4/l/p0013046-feudalism.gif
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Pictures Cited
• Slide 20 – http://tayci.tripod.com/cstleclif.jpg• Slide 22 – http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/images/Europe/factfile/415px-
Burg_Eltz_1.jpg• Slide 23 –
http://www.medieval-castles.org/pictures/pictures/gigantic_castle.jpg• Slide 25 – http://home.att.net/~karen.crisafulli/CarewCastle.jpeg
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Pictures Cited• Slide 3 – http://www.greenstar.org/Islam/Art/image/koran-cover.jpg
• Slide 4 – http://www.wdr.de/themen/panorama/gesellschaft/koran_prozess/_img/koran_gold_400q.jpg
• Slide 5 – http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9606/02/newsbriefs/saudi_arabia.jpg
• Slide 7 – http://galenfrysinger.us/us/us023.jpg
• Slide 10 – http://www.wayfaring.info/wp-content/uploads/2006/11/mecca-hajj.jpg
• Slide 11 – http://girlsoloinarabia.typepad.com/photos/algeriapics/tunis_medina003.jpg
• Slide 12 – http://haj.abcrom.net/pictures/Medina.jpg
• Slide 13 – http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9901/03/israel.cult.arrests.02/map.israel.jerusalem.lg.jpg
• Slide 14 – http://www.biblelieux.com/images/Dome_du_Rocher_vu_de_l_est,_tb042403.jpg
• Slide 15 – http://msnbcmedia1.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/060907/060907_saudiWoman_hmed_4p.widec.jpg
• Slide 16 – http://www.yanabi.com/media/IslamicImages/Al_Haram_kaba/images/KABAA6.jpg