Statehood for Texas

LEGISLATURE

A government body that has the power to make or pass laws.

Executive branch

The part of the government that carries out the laws

Legislative Branch

The part of the government that makes the laws.

Judicial Branch

The part of the government that interprets the laws and applies these laws in the court system.

Governor

The highest ranking officer in the state government.

Lieutenant governor

The second highest ranking officer in the state govt.

Cession

The transfer of land from one country to another.

Abolitionist

A person who wants to end slavery.

Sam Houston was elected as the 1st president of Texas in 1836. Texans also showed they wanted to be annexed to the U.S.

From Republic to a State The Republic of Texas began in 1836 and

for another 10 years, TX tries tobecome part of the U.S.

The resolution to annex Texas to the U.S. was signed on March 1, 1845. On March 1, 1845, Texas becomes the 28th state of the United States.

The resolution stated that Texas could bedivided into 5 states.

At this point, a new constitution was needed for Texas. The state constitution would closely followed that of the United StatesUnited States.

Delegates met on July 4, 1845 in Austin. Jose Navarro was the only Texas born delegate among them.

Jose Antonio Navarro Was a member of the Coahuila y Tejas

state legislature and to the federal congess at Mexico City.

Elected to the Texas Congress

Helped write the Texas state constitution.

Served two years in Texas Senate

Texas State Constitution of 1845 modeled the US Constitution.

The statehood constitution that outlines the three branches of govt., creates the executive, the legislative, and the judicial offices.

Provisions of the Const. of 1845:

Protected homesteads from being taken to pay debts

Did not allow ministers or priest to serve in the legislature

Allowed settlers to continue bringing slaves into the state.

Protected women’s right to own land.

Outlined the 3 branches of the state government.

Created the offices of governor and lieutenant governor.

Created the legislature, which included the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Set up court system.

Branches of Government and Officials

James P. Henderson----Executive Albert C. Horton---------Executive Thomas J. Rusk----------Legislative Sam Houston------------Legislative David Kaufman----------Legislative Timothy Pillsbury--------Legislative John Hemphill------------Judicial

James P. Henderson

The first governor of TX – 1845 Established the first govt. of TX Governed during war with Mexico

Allen Horton was elected lieutenant governor.

12.2 Mexican and U.S. Policy on Texas

The admission of Texas to the U.S. hadcreated hard feelings between Mexico and the U.S. Even though Santa Anna had signed theTreaties of Velasco, the Mexican govern-ment refused to recognize Texas

independence.

Mexico claimed that Santa Anna signedthe treaties only because his life was indanger. Therefore, Mexico did not rec-ognize Texas independence even

thoughTexas was a Republic. Leaders in Mex-ico thought that the Texas Revolution had been planned by the U.S. Mexicowarned if the U.S. admitted Texas intothe Union, it would mean war.

Tensions between Mexico and the U.S.

The U.S. believed Texas border was atthe Rio Grande. Mexico said the border was the Nueces River, since they didn’trecognize the Treaties of Velasco.

The dispute was also about the U.S. wanted to gain control of California and all the land between Texas and the

Pacific ocean.

Claimed by Mexico &

Texas

Many U.S. citizens believed that ex-pansion of the U.S. to the Pacific Oceanwas certain to happen. This idea wasknown as MANIFEST DESTINY.

When Texas was annexed, PresidentPolk sent John Slidell to Mexico to try

to ease tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.

Zachary Taylor

When tensions increased with Mexico, he was sent to place troops along the Nueces River line.

Known as “Old rough & ready” Many victories in War w/Mexico led to

his election as U.S. President 1848

Winfiled Scott

Commander took over Taylor’s troops.

Sailed to Vera Cruz with his troops.

Mariano Arista

Mexican general led troops South of Rio Grande during the US-Mexico war.

Becomes Pres. of Mexico after the war.

War with Mexico 1846 - 1848 U.S. declared war

May 13,1846

Texans view war as chance to “remember the Alamo” & the Mier Expedition.

Cause of War:

Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its border, and the United States/Texas claimed the Rio Grande.

The war began at Brownsville when a small battle breaks out, and American blood is shed.

Texas Rangers

Created by SFA to protect settlers from Native American raids

Fought & served as scouts in US-Mex war.

Called “los diablos Tejanos” by Mexicans due to their fighting ability (they adopted fighting style of Comanches)

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Helped U.S. achieve Manifest Destiny because Mexico agreed to:

Recognize TX as part of the US

Surrender all land between TX & Pacific Ocean

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo:

Ended the Mexican War. Mexican Cession: the Southwest is

claimed by the United States. Mexico accepts Texas as part of the

United States, and the United States paid $15 million to Mexico.

The Rio Grande River is the border of Texas.

12.3 The TEXAS—New Mexico Border

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo est-

ablished Texas’ southern border at theRio Grande. However, the dispute con-tinued because Texans claimed that their border continued northwardthrough central New Mexico into Colorado.

Disagreements over Slavery and Territories

In 1848, the U.S. had several problems.One, the dispute over Texas’s westernboundary and territorial disputes.

Zachary Taylor became president of theU.S. in 1848.

Disagreements Over Slavery and Territories

Slaveholders: Didn’t want California to join the Union.

Favored large western boundary forTX

Wanted federal help for finding run-awayslaves

Abolitionists

Wanted California to join

Wanted to limit TX borders

Wanted to outlaw slavery in Washing D.C.

12. 3 Henry Clay Writer of the

Compromise of 1850

Proposed main ideas of Compromise

Compromise of 1850

California became a state New Mexico & Utah become territories TX gets $10million in exchange for disputed

land north and west (along Rio Grande) (this would help in paying off Texas’ debt)

Fugitive Slave Law passed Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.