State of Hawaii Department of Transportation Highways Division 

Permanent BMP Training 

The State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways 

Division and the City & County of Honolulu Department of 

Environmental Services have partnered together to provide 

you with this training. 

Tuesday, November 13, 2012 

and 

Thursday, November 15, 2012 

Name:                       

 

Date:                        

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

 

1. Agendas 

2. HDOT Presentation  

3. City & County of Honolulu Presentation 

4. Exercises 

5. References 

 

 

Agendas   

Hawaii Department of Transportation - Highways Division

Annual Permanent BMP Training November 13, 2012

Agenda

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

8:00 am Sign-in & continental breakfast 8:30 am Introductions & HDOT MS4 program overview (Todd Nishioka, Kelly Sato, DOT)

HDOT permanent BMP criteria review (Chin Lien, Parsons Brinckerhoff) Common BMPs for highway applications LID

10:10 am Morning break & visit BMP vendor booths 10:30 am City and County’s Storm Water Program (Gerald Takayesu, CCH ENV) 11:10 am LID (Continued)

HDOT’s TMDL/WLA compliance and implementation Other emerging storm water issues/national trends

11: 40 am Lunch & visit BMP vendor booths ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 12:40 pm Case studies 1:20 pm Afternoon break & visit BMP vendor booths 1:40 pm Instructor led break-out group exercise # 1 (Chin Lien) Instructor led break-out group exercise # 2

Final Q & A

3:00 pm Adjourn

Hawaii Department of Transportation - Highways Division

Annual Permanent BMP Training November 15, 2012

Agenda

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

8:00 am Sign-in & continental breakfast 8:30 am Introductions & HDOT MS4 program overview (Todd Nishioka, Kelly Sato, DOT)

HDOT permanent BMP criteria review (Chin Lien, Parsons Brinckerhoff) Common BMPs for highway applications

10:10 am Morning break & visit BMP vendor booths 10:30 am LID

HDOT’s TMDL/WLA compliance and implementation Other emerging storm water issues/national trends Case Studies

11:40 pm Lunch & visit BMP vendor booths

12:40 pm Instructor led break-out group exercise # 1 (Chin Lien) Instructor led break-out group exercise # 2 2:00 pm Afternoon break & visit BMP vendor booths 2:20 pm City and County’s Storm Water Program (Gerald Takayesu, CCH ENV)

Final Q & A (Chin Lien)

3:00 pm Adjourn

 

 

HDOT Presentation 

1

Hawaii Department of Transportation Hawaii Department of Transportation Highways DivisionHighways Division

Statewide Storm Water Management Statewide Storm Water Management ProgramProgram

Permanent BMP TrainingPermanent BMP TrainingPermanent BMP TrainingPermanent BMP TrainingNovember 13 & 15, 2012November 13 & 15, 2012

IntroductionIntroduction

Speakers:

Todd Nishioka, HDOT-DE

K ll S t HDOT OW Kelly Sato, HDOT-OW

Gerald Takayesu, CCH ENV

Chin Lien, Parsons Brinckerhoff

BMP VendorsBMP Vendors

Please visit them during breaks !!!

RW Supply/Contech

E i d S t Engineered Systems

Geotech Solutions/BioClean

2

TopicsTopics

HDOT MS4 program overview HDOT statewide permanent BMP criteria HDOT’s TMDL/WLA compliance &

implementation BMPs for highway applications BMPs for highway applications LID & other emerging storm water issues City and County of Honolulu’s storm water

program Case studies Group exercises

MS4 Program MS4 Program ggBackgroundBackground

What HappenedWhat Happened

3

Clean Water Act Created National Pollutant

Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Program

Regulates discharges into

It Started With EPAIt Started With EPA

Regulates discharges into oceans and streams of the U.S.

Regulates water quality standards for surface waters

EPA has delegated the NPDES Program administration to the Hawaii Department of Health Clean Water Branch

DOH Clean Water BranchDOH Clean Water Branch

DOH issues permits and enforces the permit conditions

In 2000, DOH issued a Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) NPDES Permit to HDOT Required HDOT to develop a Storm Water

HDOT’s MS4HDOT’s MS4

Management Program (SWMP)

4

In April 2003, HDOT completed their Storm Water Management Program Plan

HDOT’s SWMP PlanHDOT’s SWMP Plan

Plan

In September 2004, EPA conducted a program audit of HDOT’s MS4 Program

HDOT was issued a Consent Decree on January 29, 2006 for:

Violations of the Clean Water Act

Non-compliance with construction projects NPDES permits

Discharges of storm water from

Consent DecreeConsent Decree

Discharges of storm water from HDOT’s drainage system without a permit

The Consent Decree…

Issued Injunctive Relief Items

Stipulated Penalties for future violations

Imposed $51 million of fines

In March 2006, DOH issued a new MS4 NPDES Permit which is

HDOT’s MS4 NPDES PermitHDOT’s MS4 NPDES Permit

still in effect today along with the Consent Decree from 2006

5

What We DidWhat We DidWhat We DidWhat We Did

Statewide Storm Water Statewide Storm Water Management ProgramManagement Program

In 2006 HDOT developed the Statewide Storm W t

EPA Regulations

Clean Water Existing Water Management Program designed to meet…

Clean Water Act

Consent Decree

MS4 NPDES Permit

gHDOT

Procedures

Public Involvement Program

Oahu Storm Water Management Oahu Storm Water Management Program Plan (2007)Program Plan (2007)

Post Construction ProgramWater Quality

Monitoring and Waste Load

Allocation Program

Industrial & Commercial Illicit Discharge

Public Education Program

Chemical Applications

Program

Commercial Program

gProgram

Flood Control Program

Maintenance Facilities Program

Debris Control Program

Erosion Control Program

Construction Program

6

Public Education ProgramPublic Education Program

Objective: To train and educate Highways personnel, contractors, consultants and the general public about how their daily activities affect the quality of Hawaii’s oceans and streamsstreams

Training• Training of HDOT Highways

personnel, contractors, and consultants involved with the storm water program components

Public Outreach• Educating the Public

www.stormwaterhawaii.comwww.stormwaterhawaii.com

In 2011-2012 Participated in 18 public

events

Conducted 525 surveys

Enlisted help of 109

Public Education ProgramPublic Education Program

Adopt-A-Highway groups resulting in 229 trash pickups

Installed 250 storm drain placards

Distributed 315,000 placemats at Zippys and Ruby Tuesdays

Distributed 125,000 sticker books to elementary school children

Public Involvement ProgramPublic Involvement Program

Objective: To provide the general public an opportunity to review and comment on the Oahu SWMP Plan, both during program

Public Meeting January 18, 2007 to solicit comments on the Oahu SWMP Plan

g p gdevelopment and the long-term implementation

Storm Water Website HDOT Highways Hotline Storm Water Survey

7

Illicit Discharge ProgramIllicit Discharge Program Objective: To detect and prevent illicit discharges Objective: To detect and prevent illicit discharges

and to remove illegal connections to the Oahu MS4and to remove illegal connections to the Oahu MS4

Program elements include: Investigations/Field g

Screening Addressing Public

Complaints Issuing Private Drain

Connections to the Oahu MS4

In 2010-2011: 198 active

connection permits

55 connection

Illicit Discharge ProgramIllicit Discharge Program

55 connection permits were inspected resulting in 16 NOPV letters

2,733 outfalls were inspected (one illicit connection and two potential illegal discharges)

Construction ProgramConstruction Program Objective: To ensure that no construction project with Objective: To ensure that no construction project with

ground disturbing activities will be allowed to ground disturbing activities will be allowed to commence until NPDES permit coverage is obtained (as commence until NPDES permit coverage is obtained (as applicable) and the review and inspection of the Siteapplicable) and the review and inspection of the Site--Specific BMPs are completed by HDOT personnelSpecific BMPs are completed by HDOT personnel

P C t Program Components Site-Specific BMP Plans Construction BMP Field Manual Third-Party Inspections Annual Construction BMP

Training for HDOT Construction Personnel and Contractors

8

Debris Control ProgramDebris Control Program

Objective:Objective:To provide the framework for which To provide the framework for which potential pollutants (e.g. debris, soil, and potential pollutants (e.g. debris, soil, and organic materials) within HDOT Highways organic materials) within HDOT Highways rightsrights--ofof--way and in the Oahu MS4 will be way and in the Oahu MS4 will be gg yymanaged by programs such as:managed by programs such as:

Pipe Inspection and Cleaning Pipe Inspection and Cleaning Drainage Structures Inspection and Drainage Structures Inspection and

CleaningCleaning Street SweepingStreet Sweeping

Debris Control ProgramDebris Control Program Pipe Inspection and Cleaning Pipe Inspection and Cleaning

Debris Control ProgramDebris Control Program Drainage Structures Inspection and Drainage Structures Inspection and

Cleaning Cleaning

Before Cleaning After Cleaning

9

Debris Control ProgramDebris Control Program Street Sweeping Street Sweeping

HDOT Highways Sweeps at a minimum 5 or 15-week schedule depending on the route

Chemical Applications ProgramChemical Applications Program Objective:Objective:

To minimize pollutant loading in storm To minimize pollutant loading in storm water from the application of fertilizers, water from the application of fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides within HDOT herbicides and pesticides within HDOT Highways rightsHighways rights--ofof--wayway

Chemical Applications ProgramChemical Applications Program

Training HDOT personnel and contractors on proper use of p ope use o fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides

10

Erosion Control ProgramErosion Control Program Objective:Objective:

To reduce soil erosion from roadside areas To reduce soil erosion from roadside areas within HDOT Highways rightswithin HDOT Highways rights--ofof--way on Oahuway on Oahu

Since program Since program implementation inimplementation inimplementation in implementation in 2006, HDOT has:2006, HDOT has:

Permanently Permanently repaired 25 sites repaired 25 sites ($9 million)($9 million)

$3 million of $3 million of projects to be projects to be awardedawarded

31 temporary 31 temporary BMPsBMPs

Erosion Control ProgramErosion Control Program Highly eroded slopes are identified and Highly eroded slopes are identified and

stabilizedstabilized

BeforeBefore AfterAfter

Storm Water

Maintenance Facilities ProgramMaintenance Facilities Program Objective: To operate HDOT Highways maintenance

facilities and baseyards in a manner that would prevent impacts to the quality of receiving water bodies to the maximum extent practicable

Storm Water Pollution Control Plans (SWPCP) were developed for each of HDOT’s 8 baseyardfacilities

11

Objective: To conduct monthly inspections and maintenance of HDOT’s Punahou Pump Station

The PunahouPump station services a low

Flood Control ProgramFlood Control Program

services a low point in the freeway where gravity drainage is not possible

Industrial & CommercialIndustrial & Commercial Objective: To reduce, to the maximum extent Objective: To reduce, to the maximum extent

practicable, the discharge of pollutants from practicable, the discharge of pollutants from industrial and commercial facilities and activities industrial and commercial facilities and activities that discharge into the Oahu MS4that discharge into the Oahu MS4

HDOT inspects industrial and commercial properties for connections to HDOT’s drainage system

Industrial & CommercialIndustrial & CommercialEvidence Evidence of illegal of illegal connection connection to DOT’s to DOT’s draindrain

Physical connections are permitted and inspected every 3 Physical connections are permitted and inspected every 3 years. When nonyears. When non--permitted, illegal connections are permitted, illegal connections are discovered, the owner is notified and required to obtain a discovered, the owner is notified and required to obtain a permit.permit.

12

Water Quality Monitoring ProgramWater Quality Monitoring Program

Objective: To conduct water quality monitoring to assess Objective: To conduct water quality monitoring to assess the characteristics of highway runoff and evaluate the the characteristics of highway runoff and evaluate the potential impacts of the runoff to stream water qualitypotential impacts of the runoff to stream water quality

Waste Load Allocation ProgramWaste Load Allocation Program

Objective: To reduce pollutants in the TMDL Watersheds by developing and implementing waste load allocation implementation and monitoring plans

Ala Wai Canal

Kawa Stream

Waimanalo Stream

Kapaa Stream

Kaneohe Stream

PostPost--Construction ProgramConstruction Program

Objective:Objective:To institute procedures To institute procedures to incorporate the to incorporate the installation of installation of appropriate permanent appropriate permanent pp p ppp p pBMPs to address longBMPs to address long--term storm water quality term storm water quality or quantity controlor quantity control

13

PostPost--Construction ProgramConstruction Program

Since the PostSince the Post--Construction BMP Criteria Construction BMP Criteria became effective in February 2006, HDOT has became effective in February 2006, HDOT has designed and constructed 12 Permanent BMPs designed and constructed 12 Permanent BMPs

Rain Garden at HDOT’s Oahu District OfficeRain Garden at HDOT’s Oahu District Office

WHERE WE ARE TODAYWHERE WE ARE TODAY

HDOT Met all of the Consent Decree and MS4 NPDES Permit requirements

Year 2012Year 2012

January and February 2012 Program received positive reviews by EPA Auditors calling it a “Mature” Program

14

City and County of Honolulu Department City and County of Honolulu Department of Environmental Servicesof Environmental Services

State Department of HealthState Department of Health

General Contractors AssociationGeneral Contractors Association

OnOn--Going Partnerships Going Partnerships

General Contractors AssociationGeneral Contractors Association

State Department of EducationState Department of Education

Waikiki AquariumWaikiki Aquarium

ZippysZippys, Ruby Tuesdays & , Ruby Tuesdays & GyuGyu--KakuKakuRestaurantsRestaurants

Collaborated with DOH

GCA input

Contractor HandoutsContractor Handouts

Proactively educating contractors

Storm Water Rack Cards were developed for:

Rack CardsRack Cards

•• Agricultural/Landscaping Agricultural/Landscaping

•• Commercial BusinessCommercial Business

•• ResidentsResidents•• ResidentsResidents

•• Household Hazardous Household Hazardous WasteWaste

•• Restaurant and Food Restaurant and Food IndustryIndustry

•• Gas Stations and Auto Gas Stations and Auto Maintenance FacilitiesMaintenance Facilities

15

WHY WE ARE HERE TODAYWHY WE ARE HERE TODAY

Oahu SWMP Plan (2007)Oahu SWMP Plan (2007)

Public Involvement Program

Post Construction ProgramWater Quality

Monitoring and Waste Load

Allocation Program

Industrial & Commercial Illicit Discharge

Public Education ProgramPostPost--Construction Construction

ProgramProgram

Chemical Applications

Program

Commercial Program

gProgram

Flood Control Program

Maintenance Facilities Program

Debris Control Program

Erosion Control Program

Construction Program

Annual PostAnnual Post--Construction BMP Training for Construction BMP Training for Highways personnel and consultants on Highways personnel and consultants on

Highways Projects Highways Projects (MS4 NPDES Permit Requirement)(MS4 NPDES Permit Requirement)

16

Storm Water Storm Water Management PrinciplesManagement Principles

Storm water runoff causes erosion, sedimentation, pollution, and flooding

Many types of BMPs available for managing storm water runoffmanaging storm water runoff

BMP objectives:

Temporary BMPsTemporary BMPs Permanent BMPsPermanent BMPs

•• Quantity ControlQuantity Control

•• Quality ControlQuality Control•• Soil StabilizationSoil Stabilization

•• Sediment ContainmentSediment Containment

Temporary vs. Permanent BMPsTemporary vs. Permanent BMPs

Temporary BMPs Address construction activities “Good housekeeping” measures Short-term erosion & sediment control

Permanent BMPs Long-term storm water management (“0n-

site Treatment”) Incorporated into project Long-term maintenance responsibilities

Post Construction Stormwater Post Construction Stormwater Management Management

“New Development and Significant Re-Development Program” Establish specific criteria for permanent BMPs Develop a storm water permanent BMP manual Implement project review process Revise SSWMP to include permanent BMPs Develop and implement a GIS database system to

track permanent BMPs records - AMS Conduct an island-wide retrofit study Training - annually

17

Storm Water Management Storm Water Management Principles Principles

Storm Water Quantity Control Reduce channel erosion Prevent downstream flooding Follow current HDOT-HWYS drainage criteria

(October, 2010) (October, 2010)

Storm Water Quality Control Unified approach for sizing and selection MEP- “Maximum Extent Practicable” Consistent with CCH Criteria – interconnected MS4 Treat “first flush” urban pollutants

Detention Based Control Flow-Through Based Control

HDOTHDOT--HWYS Storm Water HWYS Storm Water Permanent BMP ManualPermanent BMP Manual

(Statewide)(Statewide)

Permanent BMP ManualPermanent BMP ManualContentsContents

Applicability & Criteria Exemptions & Variances Permanent BMP Consideration in

Project Planning and Design PhaseProject Planning and Design Phase Storm Water Quantity Control Storm Water Quality Control Permanent BMP Options Inspection, Maintenance & Record

Keeping

18

HDOTHDOT--HWYS Permanent BMP CriteriaHWYS Permanent BMP Criteria

Apply to new development and significant re-development

Unified Criteria – projects that generate 1 acre or greater of New g gPermanent impervious surface are required to provide permanent BMP(s) based on specific sizing rules

Applicable ProjectsApplicable Projects

Contract projects Permit projects within HDOT R/W (Off-site) Projects that need a

discharge/connection (to HDOT MS4) permit Special conditions as determined by HDOT-p y

HWYS, regardless of size of new impervious surface e.g., HDOT-HWYS projects that drain to sensitive

receiving waters (DOH Water Quality Limited Segments (WQLS);Class I Inland Waters; Class AA Marine Waters; and/or selected 303d list water bodies)

ExemptionsExemptions

1. Projects that return area to pre-development runoff conditions

2. Utility projects – pipelines, conduits, traffic sign/signal projectsg g p j

3. Other projects that: Are not continuous or involve several

locations (e.g., Intersection improvements at various locations)

Do not discharge runoff into any Waters of the U.S.

19

VariancesVariances

Projects in area with special watershed management plan (approved by HDOT, HDOH)

Impervious area created by project:p y p j < 6 feet in width and Linear (e.g., bike paths, walkways, noise

barriers)

Planning Design Construction Operation & Maintenance

Determine Project Type

Identify Permanent BMP NeedsPreliminary

Permanent BMP L ti

Capital Improvement Projects (CIP)

Operation & Maintenance

Projects (O&M)

Advertise Projects/Contract

Award

Construct Permanent BMPS

Acceptance of

Permanent

Construction Completion

Maintenance of Facilities (Highways, baseyards, other

DOT facilities) Final Drainage DesignFinal Permanent BMP

Permanent BMPs Life CyclePermanent BMPs Life CyclePlanning Through MaintenancePlanning Through Maintenance

LocationsIdentify Additional

R/W Needs

Permanent BMP ChecklistPermanent BMP Manual

Permit Projects (within DOT R/W)

Discharge/Connection Projects (regardless of R/W)

Permit Review(dashed lines represent

private projects)

DOT Issues Permit

BMPs

Inspections (responsibility to be

determined)

Maintenance of Permanent BMPs (Inspections,

Monitoring, Repairs and Retrofits)

Statewide Permanent BMPs Database

Permit Projects

Contract Projects

Process Legend

Construction

Permanent BMP Criteria

Final Permanent BMP Design

Project Planning Phase Project Planning Phase

Consider BMPs during impact assessment stage Evaluate BMP needs during alternative studies Develop BMP concept report Identify study points & suitable outfalls Determine regulatory needs (WQ & QTY control) Develop BMPs footprints Determine R/W needs Prepare preliminary cost estimate

20

Design Phase Design Phase

BMP Checklist

Permanent BMP Design Report (30% design) Contents can be obtained from HWY-DE

Contract Documents BMP details & specifications Construction sequence

Review & Approval Review & Approval

Highways Planning Branch (HWY-P): Environmental Documents – Impact assessment Alternative Study BMP concept report review and approval

Highways Design Branch (HWY D) & Districts: Highways Design Branch (HWY-D) & Districts: Preliminary Design Phase – Permanent BMP design

report & preliminary drawings Final Design Phase – Plans, specifications and cost

estimate (PS & E) Follow normal design review process

Permanent Permanent BMPsBMPs for for Highway ApplicationHighway Application

21

Permanent BMP OptionsPermanent BMP Options

Vegetated Swales Infiltration Storm Water Wetlands Storm Water Ponds Storm Water Ponds Filtering Systems Proprietary BMPs

Vegetated SwalesVegetated Swales Broad, shallow channels

with dense vegetation Promotes infiltration,

reduces runoff velocity Can replace curbs, gutters,

and storm sewer systems Best for small impervious

areas (low flow, smaller populations)

Ideal for treating highway runoff in low lying or flat terrain areas

InfiltrationInfiltration

Rock-filled trenches or shallow basins

Runoff retained for percolation, pollutants filtered through soilfiltered through soil

Provides groundwater recharge & water quality volume in one location

http://www.beltramiswcd.org

www.lakecountyil.gov/

22

Stormwater WetlandsStormwater Wetlands

Shallow pool with large surface area

Pollutant removal through settling & biological uptakebiological uptake

Provides water quality benefits & aesthetic value

http://www.crwa.org/

Stormwater PondsStormwater Ponds

Dry ponds – temporary storage (QTY control)

Wet ponds – permanent pool (QTY control, settling)settling)

Extended detention -Micro-pools used to prevent re-suspension & clogging of low flow orifice

Filtering SystemsFiltering Systems

Surface, underground, & perimeter sand filters, organic media filters, and multi-chamber treatment chamber treatment trains

Pollutants removed as stormwater flows through filter bed

Multi-chamber

http://www.georgiastormwater.com

23

Proprietary BMPsProprietary BMPs

“Structural” BMPs Commercially available “Hydrodynamic/cyclonic” or multi-

chambers separation Targeted pollutants and removal efficiency Targeted pollutants and removal efficiency

vary Trash & debris Sediment (size varies) Oil, grease & chemical spills Nutrients (TP, TN)

Independent performance testing

Permanent BMP InspectionPermanent BMP Inspection

Inspection during construction Frequency & Stages – vary per BMP type Specified on the BMP Plans As-built plans & acceptance

Inspection after Construction Once a year (minimum) Within 14 days after 1-inch or greater rain

event (recommended) Immediate inspection may be required

Permanent BMP Maintenance Permanent BMP Maintenance

Designer to specify maintenance schedule on BMP Plans

Contractor to maintain permanent BMPs for a minimum of one year y(similar to plant establishment in landscaping requirement)

Routine maintenance based on BMP type

24

Permanent BMP Maintenance Permanent BMP Maintenance

Annual Maintenance After storm event (1-inch or greater) Perform maintenance within 14 days of

the inspection (recommended)the inspection (recommended) Record Keeping & Reporting Paper Forms Storm Water Asset Management System

(AMS)

Key BMP Maintenance IssuesKey BMP Maintenance Issues

Build them, but don’t walk away Know What, Where, and How many you

have Understand Maintenance Complexity Life Cycle Maintenance Cost Rule of Thumb: O&M = Initial Const Cost (in

constant dollars) after 10 yrs (for $10,000 construction); after 20 yrs (for $100,000 Construction) (Minnesota BMP Maintenance Survey, 2005 and other sources)

Proper Equipment and Trained Personnel

LID & GI LID & GI –– What are they? What are they?

Gimmick ? New breeds of storm water BMPs ? New ways of thinking post-

development hydrology ?development hydrology ?

25

Low Impact Development (LID)Low Impact Development (LID)

LLow ow IImpact mpact DDevelopment evelopment (LID)(LID)

Sustainable site design – “Paradigm Shift”

Primary goal: Mimic pre-developmentrunoff characteristics as nearly as ypossible

Promote natural infiltration to occur as close as possible to the source

Storm water as a resource rather than a waste product

LID Design ApproachLID Design Approach

Distributed Control Retain post-development runoff

Manage runoff at or close to the source

Hydrologically Functional Landscape Preserve as much undisturbed area as practical Minimizing “direct” or “effective” imperviousness

Integrated Management Practices Microscale and distributed techniques Bioretention, dry wells, filter/buffer strips,

vegetated swales, infiltration trenches, etc.

26

Hydrologic Changes due to Hydrologic Changes due to Site DevelopmentSite Development

Existing hydrologic balance

Magnitude, duration, and frequency of

Surface runoff volumeSurface runoff volume EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration

Groundwater RechargeGroundwater Recharge

peak and low flows

Q BEFORE development

Q AFTER development

Q using LID

LID HydrologyLID Hydrology

Runoff Curve Number – reduce impervious areas, preserve trees & other pervious areas

Time of Concentration – lengthen flow th d l th f paths, reduce length of conveyance

systems Retention – store water for infiltration,

plant uptake, evaporation Detention – provide temporary storage

to prevent flooding

LID Storm Water Treatment LID Storm Water Treatment TechniquesTechniques

Green roof Rain gardens Cisterns Bioretention Bioretention Bioswales Infiltration Vegetative buffers others

27

InfiltrationInfiltration First flush of rainfall

contains 90% of annual pollution loads

Infiltrating the “1st flush” helps to mimic ppredevelopment hydrology while removing pollutants.

Decreases the amount of infrastructure (e.g. pipe networks) needed to convey runoff.

CE NEWS

http://www.liv.ac.uk/surcase/themes_actions/sustainable_drainage.html

Green RoofGreen Roof Consists of waterproofing

and drainage mats, a special growing media, and plants able to withstand extreme climates.

Reduces runoff, increases evapotranspiration, prolongs roof life, reduces roof temperature, decreases energy costs, and reduces the urban heat island

http://www.multcolib.org/about/mcl-ecoroof.html

http://www.lbroofsystems.com/

Rain GardensRain Gardens Landscaped depressions to

treat stormwater runoff Removes pollutants using

absorption, microbial action, plant uptake, , p p ,sedimentation, and filtration

Microbes found in rain gardens break down organic substances and may eat harmful pathogens

https://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/raingarden/

28

CisternsCisterns Water storage tanks used to

harvest rainwater Captures nutrients and

other pollutants from rooftop runoffp

Harvested rainwater can be used for irrigation, vehicle washing, and flushing.

Rain barrels are less expensive alternatives to meet small outdoor demands

https://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/waterharvesting/

BioretentionBioretention Soils and woody &

herbaceous plants used to provide on-site treatment of storm water runoff

Filtration, soil adsorption, , p ,biological uptake by plants

Ultra urban areas, hotspots, retrofits

Target pollutants: Sediment, metals, nutrients, bacteria, oil & grease

http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/biortn.pdf

http://www.fxbrowne.com/

BioswalesBioswales Vegetated swale, ditch, or

depression that conveys stormwater

Provides treatment of stormwater without the extensive maintenance required of other BMPs

Pollutant removal increases when bioswales are well maintained, and as the residence time of water in a swale increases.

http://www.deq.state.or.us/wq/stormwater/docs/nwr/biofilters.pdf

29

Vegetative BuffersVegetative Buffers Rehabilitating vegetated

buffers is key to restoring natural stream functions and aquatic habitats.

Buffers provide valuable phabitat and energy input for aquatic communities

Vegetation helps slow floodwaters, maintaining stable stream banks and encouraging groundwater recharge.

http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/

Traditional Approach

Stormwater Stormwater Drains to Drains to large large regionalregional

West Hyattsville TOD: Storm West Hyattsville TOD: Storm Water Management using LIDWater Management using LID

Green Roofs

LID ApproachLID Approach

regional regional PondPond

Dry Wells and Cisterns

Green Roofs

Bio-swales (Rain Gardens

Filter Strips

Wetlands with Micro-pools

Green InfrastructuresGreen Infrastructures

Reduce, capture, & treat storm water runoff before it reaches storm drain system

Mimic natural hydrologic functions and y gdecrease the amount of impervious area and stormwater runoff

Reduces overflows and amount of untreated storm water discharged to surface waters

30

Green InfrastructuresGreen Infrastructures

Large scale: preserving and restoring natural landscape features (forests, floodplains, wetlands)

Small scale: rain gardens, porous pavements, green roofs infiltration planters trees and green roofs, infiltration planters, trees and tree boxes

Benefits: filter air pollutants, reduce energy demands, mitigate urban heat islands, sequester carbon while also providing communities with aesthetic, recreational and natural resource benefits

Individual SitesIndividual SitesGreen RoofsGreen Roofs

Infill & Infill &

RedevelopmentRedevelopment

RainRain

Permeable Permeable

PavementPavement

Vegetated SwalesVegetated Swales

Rain Gardens &Rain Gardens &

Planter BoxesPlanter Boxes

Rain Rain

BarrelsBarrels

NeighborhoodsNeighborhoods

Pocket WetlandsPocket Wetlands

Green ParkingGreen Parking

Green Streets &Green Streets &

HighwaysHighways

Pocket WetlandsPocket Wetlands

31

Watershed ScaleWatershed Scale

Riparian BuffersRiparian Buffers

Trees & UrbanTrees & UrbanTrees & Urban Trees & Urban

ForestryForestry

Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure Approach: Design, Approach: Design, Policies, & StrategiesPolicies, & Strategies

Relevant & Emerging Storm Relevant & Emerging Storm Water Issues Water Issues

Clean Water Act (CWA)Clean Water Act (CWA)

The goal: to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of our nation’s waters

Under Section 303(d), states, territories, and authorized tribes are required to develop lists of waterbody segments impaired by a pollutant and needing a TMDL.

32

“CWA: The Big Picture”“CWA: The Big Picture”Set Goals and Water Quality Standards (WQS)

Conduct Monitoring

Meeting WQS? YESNO

303(d)Apply

Anti-degradationDevelop Strategies and

Controls (TMDLs)

Implement Strategies

NPDES

Sec 319

Sec 401

Sec 404

State Revolving Fund (SRF)

1. Identify impaired waters & causes2. Develop TMDL & implementation plan

A l l (NPDES BMP )

CWA Program PipelineCWA Program Pipeline

3. Apply controls (NPDES, BMPs)4. Make incremental progress 5. Meet Water Quality Standards

So, what is So, what is TMDLTMDL?? ??

A 800 pound A 800 pound gorilla !!gorilla !!

33

The maximum amount of a pollutant that a waterbody can receive and still meet water quality standards

TMDL - Total Maximum Daily Load

(WQS)

TMDLTMDL = LA + = LA + WLAWLA + Margin of Safety+ Margin of Safety

Load Allocation(LA): non-point sources Multiple sources over large area Land or water use activities Urban and rural runoff

Waste Load Allocation (WLA): point sources Pipes, outfalls, conveyance

channels Wastewater Treatment Plants Industrial Waste Treatment

Facilities

68,000 + 68,000 + TMDLsTMDLs and Going …and Going …

34

HDOT’sHDOT’s TMDLTMDL//WLAWLA RequirementsRequirements

Designated as “urban source” Point source – MS4 discharge Primary pollutants – TN, TP, TSS “Partnering” with City/County Honolulu Implementation and monitoring

C t TMDL/WLA (5)Current TMDL/WLA (5) Kawa Stream Ala Wai Canal Waimanalo Stream Kapa’a Stream Kaneohe

Future Minimum One (1) additional WLA per year (possibly)

HDOT’sHDOT’s TMDLTMDL//WLAWLA Compliance & Compliance & ImplementationImplementation

WQ Monitoring to provide an accurate & representative characteristics of highway runoff

Water quality-based maintenance scheduling & prioritization

New & Re-development PublicOutfall Erosion

SW Retrofit& BMPs

New & Re development permanent BMPs

Island-wide SW retrofit Island-wide erosion areas

assessment & Improvements Outfall erosion control & BMPs Public education and stakeholders

outreach

ub cEducation

Island-wide

erosion area

MaintenanceActivities

Monitoring

Erosion Control& BMPs

WLA

Construction & DevelopmentConstruction & Development

35

C & D WQ ImpactsC & D WQ Impacts Sediment – A leading cause of water quality

impairment nationwide Disturbed soil can be easily washed off site

during storm events if not managed properly Completed projects usually increase Completed projects usually increase

impervious surface in a watershed, changing natural infiltration capacity

Water quality can be degraded by C&D sites due to storm water runoff that is higher in volume and pollutant loadings than in undisturbed areas

EPA’s Effluent GuidelinesEPA’s Effluent Guidelines EPA is proposing Effluent Limitations

Guidelines (ELGs) and New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) to control the discharge of pollutants from construction sites

Would require a range of E&S control BMPs to reduce pollutants in storm water discharges

Some sites would have to meet a numeric turbidity limit, which may require chemical treatment and filtration of their stormwater discharges

Proposed Effluent RequirementsProposed Effluent Requirements

Add a technology-based "floor" that establishes minimum requirements that would apply nationally

ALL sites would be required to implement E&S control BMPs implement E&S control BMPs

Sites disturbing ≥ 10 acres would be required to install sediment basins

Sites ≥ 30 acres in areas with high rainfall intensity and high clay content, would be required to meet a numeric limit on the allowable level of turbidity

36

City and County of HonoluluCity and County of HonoluluStorm Water Management Storm Water Management

ProgramProgramgg

Case StudiesCase Studies

Storm Water Permanent BMPs

Case Study #1:Case Study #1:Storm Water Permanent Storm Water Permanent BMPsBMPs for for Kapa’aKapa’a

WLAWLA (H(H--3 Storm Water Retrofit)3 Storm Water Retrofit)

37

KapaaKapaa Watershed & Watershed & HDOT’sHDOT’sWLAWLA

Total watershed D.A.:825 acres

Length of H-3 within Kapaa: ~ 1 75 milesKapaa: 1.75 miles

Total HDOT impervious surface:23.5 ac.

Seeks reduction in TP, TN, TSS

Existing Condition Existing Condition –– Where are the opportunities?Where are the opportunities?

Existing grassed median ?Existing grassed median ?

Existing asphaltExisting asphalt--concrete concrete ditches ?ditches ?

Outfalls ?Outfalls ?

KapaaKapaa WLA WLA –– HDOT Drainage StructuresHDOT Drainage Structures

••60 inlets60 inlets

••35 outfalls 35 outfalls

••10 manholes10 manholes

••3,600 feet drain pipe3,600 feet drain pipe

••4,000 feet culvert4,000 feet culvert

••9,400 feet open channel 9,400 feet open channel , p, p

38

Assessment & AnalysisAssessment & Analysis

WQDVWQDV = C x 1” x A = C x 1” x A x 3630 (in cubic x 3630 (in cubic

feet)feet)

C = Runoff CoefficientC = Runoff CoefficientC = 0.05+0.009(I)C = 0.05+0.009(I)

I = Percent Impervious I = Percent Impervious CoverCoverA = Area of the site in A = Area of the site in acresacres

BioswalesBioswales as Permanent as Permanent BMPsBMPs

Infiltrate & treat first flush

Located within existing

••W*W*

groadside swales

Within DOT R/W

Easy Maintenance

39

Design to Fit Site ConditionsDesign to Fit Site Conditions

BioswaleBioswale Typical ProfilesTypical Profiles

TypeType--I outletI outlet-- a small bottomless concrete structure filled with a small bottomless concrete structure filled with No.2 aggregate and covered with a grateNo.2 aggregate and covered with a grate

TypeType--II outletII outlet-- connecting the under drain pipe to an existing connecting the under drain pipe to an existing storm drainage structure with a field connectionstorm drainage structure with a field connection

BioswaleBioswale -- Construction Sample PhotosConstruction Sample Photos

••After After completioncompletion

40

Design IssuesDesign Issues Existing utility and tree conflicts Use separate & multiple bioswale segments in-

series instead of single-stretch to avoid utilities and/or trees conflicts

Used bioswale in-series to avoid trench depth greater than 6’greater than 6

Case Study # 2:Case Study # 2:Storm Water Permanent Storm Water Permanent BMPsBMPs for for KawaKawa WLAWLA

KawaKawa Watershed & Watershed & HDOT’sHDOT’sWLAWLA

Total watershed D.A.:1000 acres

Two HDOT roadways: Kaneohe Bay Drive Kaneohe Bay Drive and Kamekameha Highway

Seeks reduction in TP, TN, TSS

41

Kawa BMP # 1 Kawa BMP # 1 –– Kaneohe DriveKaneohe Drive

• Drainage Area:7 ac• Impervious Area:5 ac• Runoff Coefficient:0.693• 10-yr Runoff:79 cfs

• Treatment Intensity:0.4 in/hr• Treatment Flow = 7 x 0.4 x

0.693 = 1.94 cfs

Storm Water Retrofit using a Storm Water Retrofit using a Proprietary BMPProprietary BMP

BMP location next to Kawa Stream Bridge

Project LocationProject Location

Ex Inlet to be replaced with BMP

Ex Outfall to the Kawa Stream

Ex Outfall

42

Factors Considered for Factors Considered for BMP SelectionBMP Selection

Existing inlet to be replaced with proprietary BMP device

The chosen BMP needed to be: Able to efficiently remove target pollutants Reasonable in sizeReasonable in size Depth close to the depth of existing inlet Able to work in-line within the existing storm drain

system Able to accept surface water draining to it Easy to clean and maintain Economic

Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Water Polisher (Baffle Box Water Polisher (NSBBNSBB--

WP) WP)

Three-chamber hydrodynamic separator, screening basket, and BioMediaGreen media filter

Flow-through based water quality control structure

Nutrient Separating Baffle BoxNutrient Separating Baffle Box

43

Kawa BMP # 2 Kawa BMP # 2 –– KamehamehaKamehameha HwysHwys

Storm Water Retrofit Storm Water Retrofit -- Converting Converting Existing Concrete Ditch to Existing Concrete Ditch to BioswaleBioswale

Kawa BMP # 2 Kawa BMP # 2 --BioswaleBioswale

44

Anticipated Pollutant Anticipated Pollutant Reductions Reductions

Group Exercise # 1Group Exercise # 1

Group Exercise #1DOT is relocating the entrance of the current park-n-ride at Rider Road for safety improvements. As can be seen, some of the existing pavement will be removed as well as some new pavement added for the new entrance. The park-n-ride and the DOTmaintenance yard were constructed pre-storm water regulations and currently do not have any storm water BMP features. Your group is tasked with conceptually designing (no actual calculations needed) the permanent BMP(s) necessary for the new construction. DOT has also been told by the Department of Health that it can gain “quality credits” for any/all of the following:

retrofitting the existing park-n-ride retrofitting the existing park n ride retrofitting the DOT’s maintenance yard, and/or stream improvement or restoration in this area.

Keeping in mind cost considerations, what would be your group’s recommendation(s) for doing SWM retrofits throughout this area ?

The new road portion would have to abide by current storm water regulations for “new development”, but the existing park-n-ride and the maintenance yard would not.

Project Assumptions: No environmental permitting issues No need for public involvement No issues with access or property ownership TMDL limits are in effect for this watershed (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)

45

Rider Road ParkRider Road Park--andand--RideRide

Rider Road ParkRider Road Park--andand--RideRide

Rider Road Maintenance FacilityRider Road Maintenance Facility

••County Maintenance AreaCounty Maintenance Area

46

Group Exercise # 2Group Exercise # 2

More ???!!!More ???!!!

Group Exercise #2

DOT is proposing a new interchange on Interstate 27. The project consists of a proposed bridge over I-27 connecting Mill Road on either side of I-27, and all associated ramps from Mill Road to I-27 to create the new interchange. In addition, the ramps are being designed to accommodate a future extra lane along I- 27 Southbound. The future extra lane is anticipated to extend 60 feet from the edge of existing I-27 pavement. No permanent BMPs may be proposed within the 60 foot-wide corridor, adjacent to I-27 Southbound to avoid potential conflicts with the future extra lane.

In a foreseeable future, DOT may revise the storm water permanent BMP criteria to focus on utilizing Low Impact Development (LID) techniques to the maximum extent practicable.

Keeping in mind cost ,ROW and existing environmental resources, what would be your group’s recommendation(s) for meeting current permanent storm water BMP requirements for the new I-27 Southbound off-Ramp ? What would be your group’s concept in using LID techniques?

Again, no computations are needed, just concept .

II--27 at Mill Road (Existing Condition)27 at Mill Road (Existing Condition)

••NN

47

II--27 at Mill Road (Proposed Condition)27 at Mill Road (Proposed Condition)

••NN

Project AreaProject Area

StreamsStreams

48

Forest BoundariesForest Boundaries

Steep Slopes > 20%Steep Slopes > 20%

Future Roadway WideningFuture Roadway Widening

49

Utilities Within CorridorUtilities Within Corridor

Questions ?Questions ?

 

 

City & County of 

Honolulu Presentation

1

City’s Storm Water City’s Storm Water Program Update Program Update

November 2012

Gerald Takayesu, P.E.Department of Environmental Services

City & County of Honolulu

BackgroundWilliam Love, Hooker Chemical and why the land was sold for a dollar.Cuyahoga, the river that caught fireRachel Carson – Silent SpringWhat was the “Sand Island Slick”?

2

Love Canal: City of Niagara Falls paid one dollar, homes built on it

Remediation of toxic site

Puddle with toxic waste

3

2

Cuyahoga River on Fire -1952

4

Rachel Carson Rachel Carson -- Silent SpringSilent Spring"There was once a town in the heart of

America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings...Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change...There was a strange stillness...The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices…“ TIME Magazine 1999

5

Sand Island Slick - 1972Raw sewage outfall ~1972

Courtesy UCSD website

Current outfall ~2000

6

3

More History More History 1970 – Nixon creates EPA by executive order1972 – Water quality amendments to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 passed by override of Nixon veto (Clean Water Act). Provides funding for wastewater treatment 1987 – Amendments for nonpoint sources, generally an unfunded mandate for cities1990 – EPA storm water rules for cities1994 – Honolulu first issued its MS4 permit

7

National Pollutant Discharge National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Elimination System (NPDES)

City’s large Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System (MS4) permit HI 000002Allows City to discharge storm water and certain nonstorm water to State receiving watersIncludes City streets and storm drains, certain City industrial facilities, and small MS4 facilities (Parks, Enterprise Services, Police, Fire, and Transportation Services)

8

Current MS4 Permit StatusCurrent MS4 Permit Status

MS4 NPDES Permit No. HI 000002 reissued 5/24/2011 (effective 6/24/2011 – 9/8/2014).City required to submit Storm Water Management Plan by 6/24/2012. The plan is an enforceable component of the MS4 permit.

9

4

NPDES Permit Mandates NPDES Permit Mandates City to do the followingCity to do the following

Effectively prohibit nonstorm water discharges from its system to State WatersReduce pollutants from its system to State waters to the maximum extent practicableImplement the City’s storm water management plan (SWMP).

10

Storm Water Program ElementsStorm Water Program ElementsPublic education/outreachPublic participation/involvementIllicit discharge detection and eliminationConstruction site runoff controlIndustrial and Commercial ActivitiesPost-construction site runoff controlPollution prevention/housekeepingMonitoring and TMDLs

11

D.1a and 1b, Public Education D.1a and 1b, Public Education and Outreach, Participationand Outreach, ParticipationGeneral Audience including PSAs, School programs, Adopt-A-Stream, brochures, special eventsTargeted Audience, including city employees and certain industries (construction, gas stations, restaurants, vehicle repair shops)

12

5

13

AdoptAdopt--AA--Stream (Kalihi Stream)Stream (Kalihi Stream)Kamehameha Middle SchoolKamehameha Middle School

14

AdoptAdopt--AA--Stream (Kalihi Stream)Stream (Kalihi Stream)Kamehameha Middle SchoolKamehameha Middle School

15

MultiMulti--lingual brochure for lingual brochure for Chinatown businessesChinatown businesses

6

D.1.c Illicit Discharge D.1.c Illicit Discharge Detection and EliminationDetection and Elimination

Program for reducing improper discharges to the City’s systemDrain connection licensingInvestigations and enforcementPrevent and respond to spills

16

17

Investigation Investigation –– sediment, trash sediment, trash near Kam Drivenear Kam Drive--in Swap Meetin Swap Meet

18

Investigation Investigation –– sediment from sediment from landscaping in front yard landscaping in front yard -- KailuaKailua

Sediment from landscaping

project

7

D.1.d Construction Site RunoffD.1.d Construction Site Runoff

Inspections, BMPs, checklists, enforcementBMP Manual for Construction Sites, Completed Nov 2011Revise Rules Relating to Storm Drainage Standards (expected to be adopted Dec 2012)Revise Rules Relating to Soil Erosion Standards and Guidelines (work in progress)

19

20

Good Good -- Silt fence, Tire washSilt fence, Tire wash

21

CB filter causes flooding CB filter causes flooding

CB filter blocked flow, caused ponding near

Kapolei Costco

8

22

D.1.f. Pollution Prevention and D.1.f. Pollution Prevention and Good Good HousekeepingHousekeeping

For City streets/storm drains this includesStreet sweeping, roadside litter pickup, litter containersMaintenance of debris basins, detention basins,other structural controlsMaintenance of storm drain linesAnnual staff training

23

Pollution Prevention and Good Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping (continued)Housekeeping (continued)

For other City facilities, such as corporation yards, and transfer stations, this includes Spill prevention and responseProper storage of chemicals, paint, other material Maintenance of BMPs, including catch basin inserts, oil-water separators, equipment, spill responseAnnual Staff Training

24

Storm Water Related TrainingStorm Water Related TrainingOver 4,000 City employees and contractors

received annual training in FY12– Web-based training – DVD and classroom training– Live training, including preparation for EPA audits.

9

25

Catch basin cleaning,Catch basin cleaning,TheBus washingTheBus washing

26

D.1.g Industrial and Commercial D.1.g Industrial and Commercial Activities ProgramActivities Program

Inspection of at least 400 industrial and commercial businesses annuallyCorrection of minor deficiencies and enforcement, if necessaryPublic outreach to industry groups (workshops and fact sheets)

27

Bad: Improper liquid storage Bad: Improper liquid storage

Containers should be closed, stored

under roof

10

28

Good: Chemicals under roof Good: Chemicals under roof with secondary containmentwith secondary containment

Wall keeps spills in roofed area

D.1.eD.1.e PostPost--ConstructionConstructionRunoff Control Runoff Control

Since January 2000, City has require sites over one acre to implement permanent post-construction measuresSome have detention basins, vegetated swales, and grassed/gravel areas Others have commercial products, such as dual or multi chamber vaults and hydrodynamic separators

29

Detention basins Detention basins --Mililani Mauka, RenaissanceMililani Mauka, Renaissance

30

11

Grass Swales Grass Swales –– Kapolei Commons, Kapolei Commons, Waipio Soccer FieldWaipio Soccer Field

31

Commercial ProductsCommercial Products

32

LID as defined in the City’s permitLID as defined in the City’s permit

Part D.1.e.(1) of the City’s reissued MS4 permit.“LID refers to storm water management practices

which seek to mimic natural processes and protect water quality via infiltration, evapotranspiration, or reuse of storm water runoff at the site where it was generated.”

33

12

City submitted its plan requiring City submitted its plan requiring LID in the Drainage StandardsLID in the Drainage StandardsPart D.1.e.(1) of the permit required the

City to submit “a plan for requiring LID in the Standards

to the Maximum Extent Practicable …”

34

LID Plan requirementsLID Plan requirements

Criteria for requiring implementationDevelopment of quantitative criteriaFeasibility criteria for waiversAlternatives when a waiver is granted, such as offsite mitigation and/or non-LID treatment controls

35

Criteria for requiring implementation Criteria for requiring implementation

Projects that disturb at least 5 acres during construction Projects that disturb between 1 to 5 acres during constructionRetail gas stations, auto repair shops, restaurants and parking lots, all with at least 10,000 sq. ft. total impervious surface.

36

13

Development of Quantitative CriteriaDevelopment of Quantitative Criteria

City to investigate “…quantitative criteria for a specific design storm to be managed by LID techniques,” 24-hour, 85% storm through infiltrationOn-site management of first inch of rainfallRetention of 100-year, 2-hour stormOn-site management of 24-hour, 95% storm

37

85th and 95th Percentile, 2485th and 95th Percentile, 24--hour; hour; and 100and 100--yr, 2yr, 2--hour stormshour storms

85th % 95th% 100-yr, 2-hrManoa 0.70” 1.42” 5.91”Kaneohe 0.78” 1.81” 5.56”Hawaii Kai 0.92” 2.00” 4.61”Ewa 1.19” 2.33” 4.67”Waianae 1.25” 2.50” 4.29”

38

Proposed changes to Standards Proposed changes to Standards ––Projects that disturb at least 5 Projects that disturb at least 5 acres during constructionacres during construction

Maintain or restore hydrologic and hydraulic functions with applicable LID strategiesRetain the water quality design storm depth (one inch) with LID treatment, if feasible;Biofiltration with LID treatment control BMPs, if feasible;Non-LID treatment control BMPs

39

14

Proposed changes to standards Proposed changes to standards ––Projects that disturb 1 to 5 acres Projects that disturb 1 to 5 acres

Maintain or restore hydrologic and hydraulic functions with applicable LID strategiesRetain on-site OR biofilter runoff, if feasible; or Use non-LID treatment control BMPs

40

Proposed changes to standards Proposed changes to standards ––Gas Stations, Repair Shops, Gas Stations, Repair Shops, Restaurants, Parking LotsRestaurants, Parking Lots

With at least 10,000 sq ft of impervious surfacesSignage (drain inlet stencils)Site design (e.g., berm or cover dumpster area, direct runoff to vegetated area).Spill Response Plan (spill kits, training)Housekeeping (e.g., sweeping, dumpster lids closed, dumpsters not leaking)

41

LID BMPs using InfiltrationLID BMPs using Infiltration

Infiltration BasinInfiltration TrenchSubsurface infiltrationDry WellBioretention Basin (no underdrain)Permeable Pavement

42

15

Kauai Federal Credit Union Kauai Federal Credit Union Rain gardens, infiltration trenchesRain gardens, infiltration trenches

43Photos courtesy of Group 70

Retention Basin Retention Basin ––Coral Creek Golf CourseCoral Creek Golf Course

44

When is infiltration not feasible?When is infiltration not feasible?

Soil infiltration rate less than 0.5 inches/hourKnown man-made plumes or contaminated soilsPotential for concentrated pollutant/chemical spillsLess than– 3 ft. to high ground water table– 50 ft. to groundwater drinking well– 35 ft. to septic system– 20 ft. to building foundation– 10 ft. to property line– 100 ft to down-gradient building foundation

45

16

LID BMPs using Biofiltration,LID BMPs using Biofiltration,Harvesting, and ReuseHarvesting, and Reuse

Bioretention filter with underdrainGreen roofDry swaleDownspout disconnectionVegetated swaleVegetated filter stripRain barrels, Cisterns (harvesting and reuse)

46

Rain Garden Rain Garden -- Punahou Punahou

47

Photos courtesy Group 70

Rain Garden Rain Garden –– Built by Hui Koolaupoko Built by Hui Koolaupoko volunteers at Heeia State Parkvolunteers at Heeia State Park

48

Photos courtesy of Todd Cullison, Hui Koolaupoko

17

49

When is Biofiltration (Green When is Biofiltration (Green Roofs) considered not feasible?Roofs) considered not feasible?

Project for a single family dwellingsSpace unavailable due to renewable energy, electrical, and mechanical systems.Roof slope exceeds 25%

50

When is biofiltration (swales and filter When is biofiltration (swales and filter strips) considered not feasible?strips) considered not feasible?

Removal of mature trees requiredFlow cannot be established naturallySlope too flat for gravity flowNot enough sunlight to support vegetation

Water Reuse Water Reuse -- Cisterns at Hawaii Cisterns at Hawaii Baptist Academy, Punahou SchoolBaptist Academy, Punahou School

51

Photos: Above, Courtesy of Group 70

Right, Courtesy of Hayley Diamond

18

Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting

52

Photos from “Guidelines on Rainwater Catchment Systems for Hawaii”

UH CTHAR

53

When is harvesting/reuse When is harvesting/reuse considered not feasible?considered not feasible?

Single family dwellingMililani, Kalihi Valley, or Maunawili and used for landscape irrigation.Less than 5 ft. from cistern to buildingLess than 10 ft. from cistern to property lineLess than 10 ft. from septic tankRestricts access to underground utilities

Alternate nonAlternate non--LID BMPsLID BMPs

Treat (by detention, filtration, settling, or vortex separation) and discharge with appropriate other post-construction treatment. Detention basinsSand/media filtersManufactured treatment devices

54

19

PostPost--construction Summaryconstruction SummaryCity to revise drainage standards to require

LID BMPs to address one-inch water quality design depth, if feasible, for sites disturbing one or more acres during construction.Non-LID BMPs for Gas stations, auto repair shops, parking lots and restaurants with over 10,000 square feet of impervious surface

55

D.1.f.(vii) Trash Reduction PlanD.1.f.(vii) Trash Reduction PlanReissued MS4 permit requires City to submit a Trash Reduction Plan to include– Estimate of the baseline load– Short term plan to reduce trash by 50% of the

baseline load– Long term plan to reduce trash by 100% of the

baseline load

56

D.1.f.(vii) Trash Reduction PlanD.1.f.(vii) Trash Reduction PlanReissued MS4 permit requires City to submit a

Trash Reduction Plan, City plans is to – Complete Estimate of the baseline load by 2016– Short term plan to reduce trash by 50% of the

baseline load by 2023– Long term plan to reduce trash by 100% of the

baseline load by 2034

57

20

Trash Reduction PlanTrash Reduction PlanComponentsComponents

Description of current control measuresGeographical targetsTrash reduction related educationImplementation ScheduleMonitoring plan

58

Short Term Plan Short Term Plan --Trash Hotspot Assessment Trash Hotspot Assessment

Waterbodies of public concern (e.g., Ulehawa Stream, Ewa Beach Channel, Puuloa Beach)Impaired waterbodies on the State 303 (d) list for trash (e.g., Kalihi and Palolo Streams)Waterbodies in highly developed areas (e.g., Ala Wai Canal)

59

Short Term Plan Short Term Plan --Trash ReductionTrash Reduction

Public Education/outreach to change behaviorEnforcement to change behaviorLegislative solutions to change behaviorPollution prevention/housekeeping

60

21

Trash Reduction Short Term Trash Reduction Short Term –– Education/OutreachEducation/Outreach

Adopt-A-Stream/Adopt-A-BlockPearl Harbor Bike Path and other cleanupsTour de Trash and other Refuse initiativesPartnerships with SchoolsWebsite, TV/radio/print mediaDistribution of material at events

61

Trash Reduction Short Term Trash Reduction Short Term Legislative, EnforcementLegislative, Enforcement

Sidewalk ordinance ROH 14-20Litter control laws ROH 29-4Ban on non-recyclable paper and non-biodegradable plastic bags starting July 2015Enforce state statutes, litter laws on spilling loads on highways, littering from vehicles, littering in public and private areas

62

Trash Reduction Short Term Trash Reduction Short Term –– Pollution Prevention, Pollution Prevention,

HousekeepingHousekeeping

Street sweepingRoadside litter pickupLitter container servicingMaintenance of structural controls

63

22

Trash Reduction Trash Reduction ––Long Term PlanLong Term Plan

Enhancing Public Education/outreach to change behaviorStricter enforcement of sidewalk maintenance and litter laws to change behaviorConsider ban on styrofoamConsider more frequent street sweeping, catch basin cleaning, debris booms, and other structural measures

64

65

Trash in catch basinsTrash in catch basins

66

Ala Wai Canal, March 7, 2012Ala Wai Canal, March 7, 2012

ALA WAI BLVDAT McCULLY ST

23

67

Ulehawa Beach, Ulehawa Beach, StreamStream

68

Ulehawa Stream TributaryUlehawa Stream Tributary

PuuloaPuuloa Beach Beach -- 11

69

24

PuuloaPuuloa Beach Park Beach Park -- 22

70

Total Maximum Daily Loads Total Maximum Daily Loads ––Monitoring and ImplementationMonitoring and ImplementationCertain impaired streams have approved TMDLs (Ala Wai, Kawa, Waimanalo, Kapaa, Kaneohe, Upper Kaukonahua)MS4s discharging to those streams, e.g. City, State DOT Highways, Dept of Education, University of Hawaii, will need monitoring and implementation plans to reduce pollutants of concern (e.g., trash, nutrients) to the streams.

71

TMDL Monitoring and TMDL Monitoring and ImplementationImplementation

For watersheds with approved TMDLs, permittees are given wasteload allocations, or required reductions in pollutant loadingNon-permittee stakeholders have load allocations, which at this time, are not required reductions in pollutant loading

72

25

73

Monitoring Monitoring –– Waihi StreamWaihi Stream

Suspended Sediment SamplingSuspended Sediment Sampling

74

ImplementationImplementation

From most cost-effective to least cost-effectivePublic education/outreach, behavior change Enforcement, behavior changeLegislation, behavior changePollution prevention/housekeepingStructural measures

Behavior change is by far the most cost-effective

75

26

For more information, call 768-3287or visit www.CleanWaterHonolulu.com

76

 

 

Group Exercises 

Group Exercise #1pDOT is relocating the entrance of the current park-n-ride at Rider Road for safety improvements. As can be seen, some of the existing pavement will be removed as well as some new pavement added for the new entrance The park-n-ride and the DOTas some new pavement added for the new entrance. The park n ride and the DOTmaintenance yard were constructed pre-storm water regulations and currently do not have any storm water BMP features. Your group is tasked with conceptually designing (no actual calculations needed) the permanent BMP(s) necessary for the new construction. DOT has also been told by the Department of Health that it can gain “quality credits” for any/all of the following:quality credits for any/all of the following:

retrofitting the existing park-n-ride retrofitting the DOT’s maintenance yard, and/or stream improvement or restoration in this area stream improvement or restoration in this area.

Keeping in mind cost considerations, what would be your group’s recommendation(s) for doing SWM retrofits throughout this area ?

The new road portion would have to abide by current storm water regulations for “new The new road portion would have to abide by current storm water regulations for new development”, but the existing park-n-ride and the maintenance yard would not.

Project Assumptions: No environmental permitting issues No environmental permitting issues No need for public involvement No issues with access or property ownership TMDL limits are in effect for this watershed (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)

Rider Road ParkRider Road Park--andand--RideRide

Rider Road ParkRider Road Park--andand--RideRide

Rider Road Maintenance FacilityRider Road Maintenance Facilityyy

••County Maintenance AreaCounty Maintenance Area

Group Exercise #2p

DOT is proposing a new interchange on Interstate 27. The project consists of a proposed bridge over I-27 connecting Mill Road on either side of I-27, and all associated ramps from Mill Road to I-27 to create the new interchange. In addition, the ramps are being designed to accommodate a future extra lane along I- 27 Southbound. The future extra lane is anticipated to extend 60 feet from the edge of existing I-27 pavement. No permanent BMPs may be proposed within the 60 foot-wide corridor, adjacent to I-27 Southbound to avoid potential conflicts with the future extra lane.

In a foreseeable future, DOT may revise the storm water permanent BMP criteria In a foreseeable future, DOT may revise the storm water permanent BMP criteria to focus on utilizing Low Impact Development (LID) techniques to the maximum extent practicable.

K i i i d t ROW d i ti i t l Keeping in mind cost ,ROW and existing environmental resources, what would be your group’s recommendation(s) for meeting current permanent storm water BMP requirements for the new I-27 Southbound off-Ramp ? What would be your group’s concept in using LID techniques? p y g p p g q

Again, no computations are needed, just concept .

II--27 at Mill Road (Existing Condition)27 at Mill Road (Existing Condition)

••NN

II--27 at Mill Road (Proposed Condition)27 at Mill Road (Proposed Condition)

••NN

Project AreaProject Area

StreamsStreams

Forest BoundariesForest Boundaries

Steep Slopes > 20%Steep Slopes > 20%p pp p

Future Roadway WideningFuture Roadway Wideningy gy g

Utilities Within CorridorUtilities Within Corridor

References

State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, Highways Division http://hawaii.gov/dot/highways/about Storm Water Hotline: 808-831-6714

Storm Water Management Program http://stormwaterhawaii.com/

State of Hawaii Department of Health, Clean Water Branch http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/cleanwater/index.html Phone: (808) 586-4309 Fax: (808) 586-4352

Integrated Report and Total Maximum Daily Loads http://hawaii.gov/health/environmental/water/cleanwater/integrated/index.html

Transportation Research Board http://www.trb.org/Main/Home.aspx

National Cooperative Highway Research Program http://www.trb.org/NCHRP/Public/NCHRP.aspx

International Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database http://www.bmpdatabase.org/ United States Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/

Impaired Waters and Total Maximum Daily Loads http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/tmdl/index.cfm Stormwater Discharges From Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) http://cfpub1.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/munic.cfm