STATE: New Jersey Compiled by: Doreen Harris · pathogenicity (LP) Virus Fowl plague Avian...
Transcript of STATE: New Jersey Compiled by: Doreen Harris · pathogenicity (LP) Virus Fowl plague Avian...
STATE: New Jersey
Compiled by: Doreen Harris
Date compiled: 1 December 2010
Updated: 1 October 2012
http://www.state.nj.us/agriculture/rule2211.pdf
DISEASE Agent Common name Etiologic agentPrimary species
affectedTransmission Zoonotic FAD
USDA/
APHISQuarantine
Y/N Y/N Y/N Y/N
Abalone viral
ganglioneuritisVirus
AVG, Abalone viral
mortality
Abalone herpes-like
virus, not fully
classified, suggested
family
Malacoherpesviridae
Greenlip and
blacklip abalone
Direct contact;
contaminated waterN Y Y Y
Aflatoxin ToxinMycotoxin produced by
Aspergillus spp.All species Ingestion
Y - (humans
susceptible but
do not contract
from animals)
N N N
African horse sickness Virus
AHS, Perdesiekte,
Pestis Equorum, La
Peste Equina
African horse sickness
virus (AHSV), genus
Orbivirus , family
Reoviridae
Equids (horses,
mules, donkeys,
zebra); zebras are
likely reservoir;
canids; Ab have
been found in
camels, African
elephants, black
and white
rhinoceros
Insect vector
(midges); ingestion of
infected horse meat
(canids); virus found
in viscera, blood,
nearly all secretions,
excretions during
viremia but role in
transmission unknown
N Y Y Y
African swine fever Virus
ASF, Peste porcine
Africaine, fiebra
porcina Africana,
maladie de
Montgomery
African swine fever
virus, genus Asfivirus ,
family Asfarviridae
Suids; African
wild swine (bush
pigs, warthogs,
giant forest hogs)
are likely reservoir
Ingestion of infected
pork; direct and
indirect contact (with
blood and secretions);
fomites; insect vector
(ticks)
N Y Y Y
Anaplasmosis Bacteria Anaplasma spp.
Cattle, sheep,
goats, deer, cats,
dogs
Insect vector (ticks) Y N N N
Anthrax Bacteria Bacillus anthracis
All mammals and
some avians
susceptible
Ingestion; inhalation;
direct contact; entry
via skin wounds
Y N Y Y
In addition to the diseases listed all other foreign animal diseases and emerging diseases listed by the OIE must also be reported.
For additional information on reportable animal diseases in New Jersey visit:
Aujeszky's disease Virus Pseudorabies
Aujeszky's disease
virus, genus
Varicellovirus , family
Herpesviridae
Primarily suids;
most mammals
susceptible
(bovids, canids,
caprids, felids,
ovids)
Direct contact;
inhalation; ingestion;
fomites; vertical
transmission possible
N N Y Y
Avian chlamydiosis BacteriaPsittacosis, Ornithosis,
Parrot feverChlamydophila psittaci Avian
Contact with
infectious material;
inhalation; ingestion;
insect vectors may
play a role; vertical
transmission possible
Y N Y Y
Avian infectious
bronchitisVirus IB
Infectious bronchitis
virus, genus
Coronavirus , family
Coronaviridae
Chickens,
pheasants
Inhalation or ingestion
(infectious respiratory
secretions, feces);
fomites; direct contact
N N N Y
Avian influenza - high
pathogenicity (HP)Virus Fowl plague
Avian influenza virus,
genus Influenzavirus A,
H5 and H7 subtypes,
family Orthomyxoviridae
Avian; infrequent
infections
documented in
canids, felids,
equids, suids,
marine mammals,
mustelids,
viverrids; reported
in both domestic
and exotic
species
Contact with
infectious secretions,
feces; inhalation;
ingestion (infected
birds, contaminated
water, etc); fomites
Y Y Y Y
Avian influenza - low
pathogenicity (LP)Virus Fowl plague
Avian influenza virus,
genus Influenzavirus A ,
non-H5 and H7
subtypes, family
Orthomyxoviridae
Most avian
species
Contact with
infectious secretions,
feces; inhalation;
ingestion
(contaminated water,
etc.)
N N N N
Avian mycoplasmosis Bacteria
primarily Mycoplasma
gallisepticum , M.
synoviae
AvianDirect contact;
fomites; inhalationN N N Y
Avian pasteurellosis Bacteria Fowl cholera Pasteurella multocida Avian
Not entirely known,
but believed to be
primarily inhalation,
ingestion, insect
vector
N N N Y
Babesiosis (Bovine) Parasite
Piroplasmosis, Texas
fever, redwater, tick
fever, cattle fever,
cattle tick fever
Primarily Babesia
bovis , B. bigemina , B.
divergens
Bovids
(documented in
cattle, Asian
water buffalo,
African buffalo);
cervids
(documented in
white tailed deer,
reindeer);
Mongolian gerbils;
experimentally in
splenectomised
ungulates
Insect vector (ticks);
blood contaminated
instruments
Y - (all cases
were in people
who had prior
splenectomy)
Y Y N
Babesiosis (Equine) ParasiteEquine piroplasmosis,
biliary fever
Theileria equi, Babesia
caballiEquids Insect vector (ticks) N Y Y Y
Bacterial kidney disease BacteriaRenibacterium
salmonariumSalmonids
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water;
fomites
N N N Y
Baculovirosis Virusspherical baculovirus,
tetrahedral baculovirus
primarily Baculovirus
penaei , Baculovirus
pennaci , Penaeus
monodon- type
baculovirus, family
Baculoviridae
Penaeid shrimpIngestion;
contaminated waterN N N Y
Bluetongue VirusBT, Sore muzzle, ovine
catarrhal fever
Bluetongue virus,
genus Orbivirus , family
Reoviridae
Many artiodactyls
(documented in
bovids, caprids,
cervids, ovids);
elephants;
rhinoceros; canids
Insect vector
(midges); blood and
semen are infectious
N
Y - (non-
domestic
strains)
Y N
Bonamiosis ParasitePrimarily Bonamia
exitiosa , B. ostreaeOyster
Direct contact;
contaminated water;
possible role of
vectors
N Y Y Y
Borna disease Virus
BD, Bornasche
Krankheit, Hitzige
Kopfkrankheit der
Pferde
Borna disease virus,
genus Bornavirus ,
family Bornaviridae
Horses; sheep;
sporadic cases in
other equids,
cattle, goats,
rabbits, dogs,
cats, alpacas,
sloths, monkeys,
hippos, lynx
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
fomites; entry via
open nerve endings
Ab have been
found in humans
but more
research needed
to determine
significance
Y Y Y
Botulism BacteriaShaker foal syndrome,
Limberneck
Primarily Clostridium
botulinum
Cattle, sheep,
horses, mink,
pigs, dogs, avian,
some fish
Direct contact;
ingestionY N Y N
Bovine ephemeral fever Virus
BEF, Three-day
stiffsickeness, bovine
epizootic fever, dragon
boat disease, Lazy
man's disease, dengue
of cattle
Bovine ephemeral fever
virus, genus
Ephemerovirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
Cattle; water
buffalo; Ab found
in various bovids,
deer, goats,
giraffe
Insect vector N Y Y N
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Virus
Infectious bovine
rhinotracheitis (IBR),
Infectious pustular
vulvovaginitis (IPV),
IBR/IPV, BoVH-1
Bovine herpesvirus 1,
genus Varicellovirus ,
family Herpesviridae,
subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b
Cattle; other
artiodactyls
(goats, sheep,
water buffalo,
camelids) can be
infected and may
act as resevoirs
Aerosol; sexual
transmissionN N N N
Bovine spongiform
encephalopathyPrion
BSE, mad cow
disease, vaca loca
abnormal cellular
protein PrP^(res)
Bovids; felids;
primates;
experimentally in
sheep, goats,
mice, pigs, mink
Ingestion Y Y Y N
Bovine viral diarrhea VirusBVD, mucosal disease
complex
Bovine viral diarrhea
virus, genus Pestivirus ,
family Flaviviridae
Cattle; most
artiodactyls
susceptible
Vertical transmission;
direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; fomites;
insect vector
N N N N
Brucellosis Bacteria
Undulant fever,
Enzootic abortion,
contagious abortion,
ovine epididymitis
Brucella abortus , B.
canis , B. ovis , B. suis ,
B. melitensis , etc.
Bovids; camelids;
canids; caprids;
cervids; ovids;
suids; marine
mammals;
species
preference often
demonstrated
Direct contact with
infectious fluids;
ingestion; fomites;
sexual and aerosol
transmission possible
Y N Y Y
Campylobacteriosis Bacteria
Campylobacter
enteritis, bovine genital
campylobacteriosis
Campylobacter coli , C.
jejuni , C. fetus
C. jejuni and C.
coli (cattle,
sheep, chickens,
turkeys, dogs,
cats, ferrets, pigs,
primates); C.
fetus subsp. fetus
(cattle, sheep,
goats); C. fetus
subsp. venerealis
(cattle)
Primarily ingestion
(contaminated food
and water); direct
contact with infectious
reproductive tissues;
fomites; insect vector;
sexual transmission
Y N N N
Caprine arthritis
encephalitisVirus CAE
CAE virus, genus
Lentivirus , family
Retroviridae
Caprids,
sometimes ovids
Ingestion (infectious
milk, colostrum);
fomites; possible via
contact with infected
blood
N N N Y
Channel catfish virus
diseaseVirus CCVD
channel catfish virus,
family HerpesviridaeChannel catfish
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water;
vertical transmission
N N N Y
Chitridiomycosis Fungus BdBatrachochytrium
dendrobatidis
Amphibians
(anurans and
urodeles)
Direct contact;
contaminated waterN N N
Chronic wasting disease Prion CWDabnormal cellular
protein PrP^(res)Cervids
Direct contact (blood,
saliva); environmental
contamination
N N Y Y
Classical swine fever Virus
Hog cholera, peste du
porc,
Virusschweinepest
Classical swine fever
virus, genus Pestivirus ,
family Flaviviridae
Suids
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions, blood,
semen; fomites;
inhalation (short
distances); ingestion
(contaminated feed);
transplacental and
mechanical spread
possible
N Y Y Y
Coccidioidomycosis Fungus Coccidiomycosis Coccidioides immitis
Likely can infect
all mammals; has
been reported in
dogs, llamas,
primates, cats,
horses; reptiles;
marine mammals
Inhalation; entry via
skin woundsY N Y Y
Congenital arthrogryposis-
hydranencephaly (AG/HE)Virus
Akabane disease, curly
calf disease, dummy
calf disease
Akabane virus,
(infrequently other
related arboviruses),
genus
Orthobunyavirus ,
family Bunyaviridae
Bovids; caprids;
ovids; Ab
detected in many
other species
(such as horses,
camels, buffalo,
etc.)
Insect vector (midges) N Y Y N
Contagious agalactica of
sheep and goatsBacteria Contagious agalactica
Mycoplasma spp.,
primarily Mycoplasma
agalactiae
Sheep and goats
(goats more
susceptible to
natural disease)
Ingestion (infectious
secretions,
excretions); fomites;
direct entry via teat;
inhalation
(contaminated dust)
N Y Y Y
Contagious bovine
pleuroneumoniaBacteria CBPP
Mycoplasma mycoides
subspecies mycoides
small-colony or bovine
type
Bovids (cattle,
Asian buffalo,
bison, yak);
infection without
clearly associated
pathology noted
in white-tailed
deer; sheep,
goats
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
inhalation;
transplacental;
fomites anecdotally
N Y Y Y
Contagious caprine
pleuropneumoniaBacteria CCPP
Mycoplasma
capricolum subspecies
capripneumoniae
Caprids, ovidsInhalation of
infectious secretionsN Y Y Y
Contagious equine
metritisBacteria CEM Taylorella equigenitalis Equids
Sexual transmission;
contaminated
equipment and
instruments
N Y Y Y
Crayfish plague Parasite Aphanomyces astaci
Crayfish;
experimentally in
Chinese mitten
crab
Direct contact with
infected crayfish;
contaminated water;
fomites
N Y Y Y
Crimean-Congo
Hemorrhagic FeverVirus CCHF, Congo fever
CCHF virus, genus
Nairovirus , family
Bunyaviridae
Cattle; sheep;
goats; hares;
hedgehogs; dogs;
mice; Ab detected
in many other
mammals;
infections in
animals
asymptomatic
Insect vector (ticks);
ingestion; entry via
skin wounds
Y Y Y Y
Cysticercosis Parasite
Taenia solium , T.
saginata , T.
crassiceps , T. ovis , T.
taeniaeformis , T.
hydatigena
Bovids, suids,
canids, sheep,
goats
Ingestion; fomites;
entry via skin woundsY N Y N
Disseminated neoplasia
of blue mussels
Possible
virusUndetermined
Mussels, cockles,
clams, oystersUndetermined N N N N
Dourine Parasite
Slapsiekte, Morbo
Coitale malingo,
Beschalseuche
Previously
Trypanosoma
equiperdum but current
definitive categorisation
pending
Horses; donkeys;
mules; positive
tests obtained
from zebras
though infection
not documented
Sexually transmitted;
foals may become
infected in utero or
while suckling
N Y Y Y
Duck virus enteritis Virus Duck plague
Duck herpesvirus 1,
genus Varicellovirus ,
family Herpesviridae
Waterfowl
Direct contact with
infectious tissues,
feces; inhalation;
ingestion
N N N Y
Duck virus hepatitis Virus DVH
DHV type I
(Picornaviridae), DHV
type 2 (Astroviridae),
DHV type 3
(Picornaviridae)
DHV type 1 in
ducklings,
especially pekin,
mallards
(experimentally in
goslings, guinea
fowl, pheasants,
quail, turkey
poults); DHV type
2 and type 3 in
pekin ducklings
Contact with infected
ducklings; inhalation;
ingestion;
contaminated
environment
N Y Y Y
Eastern equine
encephalomyelitisVirus EEE
EEE virus, genus
Alphavirus , family
Togaviridae
Equids; reported
in camelids,
reptiles, birds,
pigs, cattle, deer,
sheep, goats,
dogs, rodents,
amphibians
Insect vector
(mosquitoes)Y N Y N
Echinococcosis Bacteria Hydatidosis
Echinococcus
granulosus , E.
multilocularis , E.
vogeli , E. oligarthrus ,
E. shiquicus
Carnivores
(definitive hosts);
intermediate
hosts include
bovids, caprids,
cervids, equids,
felids, ovids,
suids, rodents,
avian
Ingestion Y N N N
Enteric redmouth disease Bacteria Redmouth disease Yersinia ruckeriVarious fish
species
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water
N N N Y
Enteric septicemia of
catfishBacteria ESC Edwardsiella ictaluri Channel catfish
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water
N N N Y
Enzootic abortion of ewes Bacteria Ovine chlamydiosis Chlamydophila abortus
Goats and sheep;
reported in cattle,
pigs, horses, deer
Contact with
infectious
reproductive tissue
Y N N Y
Enzootic bovine leukosis Virus Bovine lymphosarcoma
Bovine leukemia virus,
genus Oncovirus ,
family Retroviridae
Bovids; sheep;
capybara; Ab in
many other
mammals after
experimental
infection
Direct contact with
infectious blood, milk,
tumors; insect vector;
contaminated
equipment
N N N Y
Epizootic hematopoietic
necrosisVirus EHN
EHN virus, genus
Ranavirus , family
Iridoviridae
Many finfish
Contact with
contaminated water;
fomites; avian vector
N Y Y Y
Epizootic lymphangitis Fungus
Pseudoglanders,
Histoplasmosis
farciminos , Equine
Histoplasmosis, African
Farcy
Histoplasma
capsulatum var.
farciminosum
Equids
Entry via skin wound;
direct contact with
infectious secretions
or contaminated soil;
fomites; inhalation;
insect vector
Y - (cases
reported but ID
of causative
agent not
substantiated)
Y Y Y
Epizootic ulcerative
syndromeFungus
EUS, red spot disease,
mycotic
granulomatosis,
ulcerative mycosis
Aphanomyces
invadans , A. piscicidaLikely all fish
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water
N Y Y Y
Epsilon toxin Bacteria
Clostridium
perfringens , types B
and D
Naturally in cattle,
sheep, goat, pigs,
horses; purified
toxin would
presumably affect
most species
Ingestion; inhalation N N Y N
Equine Encephalosis Virus EE
EE virus (EEV), genus
Orbivirus, family
Reoviridae
Equids; Ab
detected in
elephants but no
clinical disease;
zebras (resevoir)
Insect vector (midges) N Y Y N
Equine infectious anemia Virus
Coggins disease, EIA,
Swamp fever,
Mountain fever, Slow
fever
EIA virus, genus
Lentivirus , family
Retroviridae
Equids
Insect vector; use of
contaminated
equipment
N N Y Y
Equine influenza Virus Horse flu
Equine influenza virus,
genus Influenzavirus A ,
subtypes H7N7 and
H3N8, family
Orthomyxoviridae
Equids; has
occurred in dogs
Contact with
infectious secretions;
fomites
N - (though Ab
have been
detected and
infection has
occurred
experimentally)
N N Y
Equine viral arteritis Virus EVA, Equine typhoid
Equine arteritis virus,
genus Arterivirus ,
family Arteriviridae
Equids
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; inhalation;
sexual transmission;
fomites
N N N Y
Equine viral
rhinopneumonitisVirus
Equine herpesvirus
infection
Equine herpesvirus
(EHV) strains1-4,
mainly EHV-1 and EHV-
4, genus Varicellovirus ,
family Herpesviridae
Equids
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
reproductive tissues
and fluids; inhalation
N N Y Y
Erysipelas BacteriaErysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae
Avian, swine,
reptiles,
amphibians
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; ingestion;
entry via skin wound;
insect vector
Y N N Y
Foot and mouth disease Virus FMD
Foot and mouth
disease virus, genus
Aphthovirus , family
Picornaviridae
All cloven hoofed
animals are
susceptible
Direct contact with
infected animals;
fomites; ingestion
(contaminated milk,
meat); inhalation;
virus found in all
bodily secretions,
excretions, exhaled air
N - (though there
are rare reports
of infections of
little
consequence)
Y Y Y
Foreign pests, vectors of
diseaseParasite
transmit diseases such
as Central European
Tick-borne
encephalitis, Far
Eastern Tick-borne
encephalitis, Kyasanur
Forest disease, Omsk
hemorrhagic fever,
Russian spring and
summer encephalitis
Various Various Insect vector Y Y Y Y
Furunculosis BacteriaAeromonas
salmonicida
Various fish
species
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water;
fomites
N N N Y
Getah Virus
Getah virus, genus
Alphavirus, Semliki
Forest complex of
family Togaviridae
Horses and swine
(amplifier host)
only show clinical
disease but can
infect many
species (Ab in
birds, reptiles,
marsupials;
rodents and
rabbits infected
experimentally)
Insect vector
(mosquitoes); may be
direct via nasal
secretions in severe
outbreaks; vertically
through milk
experimentally
N (though Ab
have been
detected)
Y Y Y
Glanders Bacteria Droes, Farcy, Malleus Burkholderia mallei
Equids (donkeys
> mules >
horses);
carnivores
(reported in felids,
canids and
bears); hamsters;
guinea pigs;
caprids; camels
Ingestion (of infected
meat by carnivores);
inhalation; fomites;
entry via skin wounds
is possible
Y Y Y Y
Hantavirus Virus
Various hantaviruses,
genus Hantavirus ,
family Bunyaviridae
RodentsInhalation; entry via
skin woundY N Y N
Heartwater Bacteria Cowdriosis Ehrlichia ruminantium All ruminants
Insect vector, ticks;
vertical transmission
possible
N - (though 2
reports of
suspected
infections, so
may have
zoonotic
potential)
Y Y Y
Hemorrhagic septicemia BacteriaPasteurella multocida ,
serotypes 6:B and 6:E
Bovids; reported
in sheep, goats,
swine, elephant,
deer, camels,
equids;
experimentally in
rabbits and mice
Ingestion; inhalation;
direct contact with
infected animals;
fomites
N Y Y Y
Hendra Virus
Hendra virus disease,
morbillivirus
pneumonia
Hendra virus, family
Paramyxoviridae,
genus Henipavirus
Horses; large fruit
bats
(Pteropodidae
spp.); cats; dogs
In flying foxes -
contact with infected
urine and placental
fluids; in other species
- suspected to be
inhalation or ingestion
Y Y Y Y
Infectious Bursal Disease Virus IBD, Gumboro disease
IBD virus (IBDV), genus
Avibirnavirus , family
Birnaviridae, serotypes
1 and 2
Avids (clinical
disease in
chickens but
turkeys, ducks,
guinea fowl, and
ostriches have
been infected)
Contact with
infectious excretions;
fomites
N N N Y
Infectious hematopoietic
necrosisVirus IHN
IHN virus, genus
Novirhabdovirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
Salmonids; some
non-salmonids
(herring, cod,
sturgeon, pike)
Direct contact with
infected fish; vertical
transmission; possible
invertebrate vector
N Y Y Y
Infectious hypodermal
and hematopoietic
necrosis
Virus IHHN
IHHN virus, genus
Brevidensovirus , family
Parvoviridae
Penaeid shrimpIngestion; vertical
transmissionN Y Y Y
Infectious
laryngotracheitisVirus ILT
Laryngotracheitis virus,
genus Iltovirus , family
Herpesviridae
Chickens,
pheasants,
partridges,
peafowl
Contact with
infectious secretions;
inhalation; ingestion;
fomites
N N N Y
Infectious myonecrosis Virus IMN
Infectious myonecrosis
virus, similar to genus
Giardiavirus , family
Totiviridae
Penaeid shrimp Ingestion N Y Y Y
Infectious pancreatic
necrosisVirus IPN
IPN virus, genus
Aquabirnavirus , family
Birnaviridae
Salmonids
Ingestion; direct
contact with infected
fish; contaminated
water; vertical
transmission
N N N Y
Infectious salmon anemia Virus ISA
Infectious salmon
anemia virus, genus
Isavirus , family
Orthomyxoviridae
Salmonids
Contact with
infectious excretions,
skin mucus; sea lice;
fomites
N Y Y Y
Japanese encephalitis VirusJapanese B
encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis
virus, genus Flavivirus ,
family Flaviviridae
Horses; pigs
(amplifier host);
herons and egrets
(reservoir);
subclinical
infections in
cattle, sheep,
goats, dogs, cats,
chickens, ducks,
wild mammals,
reptiles,
amphibians
Insect vector
(mosquitoes); direct
contact
Y Y Y N
Jembrana Disease Virus
Jembrana disease
virus, genus Lentivirus,
family Retroviridae
Bali cattle;
experimentally in
zebu and taurine
cattle
Unknown; proximity to
infected animals
needed so presumbly
contact with infectious
secretions, excretions
(saliva, milk, mucous
membranes); possibly
insect vector
N Y Y Y
Koi herpesvirus disease Virus KHDKoi herpesvirus, family
HerpesviridaeCarp
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water;
fomites and animate
vectors possible
N N N Y
Leishmaniasis ParasiteKala-azar, Black fever,
Dumdum feverLeishmania spp.
Canids, rodents,
equids, cats
Insect vector; direct
contact with infectious
secretions, excretions
Y N N N
Leptospirosis Bacteria Leptospirosis Leptospira spp.
All mammals
susceptible, but
some serovars
more prevelant in
certain species
Direct contact with
infectious excretions;
inhalation; ingestion;
entry via skin wounds;
sexual transmission in
humans
Y N N Y
Louping ill Virus
Louping ill, ovine
encephalomyelitis,
infectious
encephalomyelitis of
sheep, trembling ill
Louping ill virus, genus
Flavivirus , family
Flaviviridae
Sheep; reported
in cattle, horses,
pigs, goats, dogs,
llamas, red
grouse, deer,
lagomorphs,
rodents
Insect vector (ticks);
ingestion (infected
milk); possible
inhalation and entry
via skin wounds
Y Y Y Y
Lumpy Skin Disease Virus LSD, Knopvelsiekte
LSD virus, genus
Capripoxvirus , family
Poxviridae
Cattle; Ab found
in many bovids
and giraffes
Insect vector; possible
via direct contact with
infectious secretions
N N Y Y
Maedi-Visna VirusChronic progressive
pneumonia
Maedi-visna virus,
genus Lentivirus , family
Retroviridae
Ovids, sometimes
caprids
Ingestion (infected
milk or colostrum);
aerosol
N N Y Y
Malignant catarrhal fever Virus MCF
Several related
ruminant
gammaherpesviruses,
genus Rhadinovirus ,
family Herpesviridae;
AlHV-1 (wildebeest
associated, WA-MCF),
OvHV2 (sheep
associated), CpHV-2
(goat associated),
MCFV-WTD (white
tailed deer associated)
Various
ungulates;
clinically
susceptible,
poorly adapted
hosts are dead
end (cervids,
bovids, giraffids);
well-
adapted/shedding
species
(wildebeest,
sheep and goats)
Vertical transmission
(WA-MCF); direct
contact with infectious
secretions; inhalation;
mechanical vectors,
contaminated water
and contaminated
feed may play a role
NY - (WA-
MCF)Y Y
Marteiliosis ParasitePrimarily Marteilia
refringens
Oysters; mussels;
possibly cockles
and clams
Ingestion;
intermediate hosts
and vectors not
identified
N Y Y Y
Melioidosis BacteriaPseudoglanders,
Whitmore disease
Burkholderia
pseudomallei
Most terrestrial
and aquatic
mammals; birds;
fish; reptiles
Ingestion; inhalation;
entry via skin wounds;
direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions
Y N Y Y
Menangle Virus
Menangle virus, genus
Rubulavirus , family
Paramyxoviridae
Swine; bats
(presumptive
reservoir)
Contact with infected
bats; presumptive
ingestion of infectious
excretions
Y N N Y
Mycobacteriosis Bacteria Tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp.
Most mammals
are susceptible;
avian; fish;
reptiles;
amphibian
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
ingestion; inhalation;
entry via skin wound
Y N Y Y
Myxomatosis Virus
Myxoma virus, genus
Leporipoxvirus , family
Poxviridae
Rabbits
(Sylvilagus spp.
natural hosts,
severe disease in
European rabbit)
Insect vector
(mosquitoes, fleas)N N N Y
Nairobi Sheep Disease Virus NSD
Nairobi sheep disease
virus, genus Nairovirus ,
family Bunyaviridae
Sheep; goats;
fatal infection has
been reported in
blue duiker
Insect vectors (ticks);
experimentally via
inocculation with
feces, urine
Y - (though
disease is self-
limiting and
circulating Ab
low)
Y Y Y
Necrotizing
HepatopancreatitisBacteria
NHP, Texas Pond
Mortality Syndrome,
Peru necrotizing
hepatopancreatitis
α-Proteobacterium,
rickettsial-like organism
Penaeid shrimp;
zooplankton
Contact with
contaminated water
(shed in feces);
ingestion of infected
meat; vertical
N N N Y
Newcastle Disease Virus
Exotic Newcastle
disease, avian
pneumoencephalitis
Newcastle disease
virus, genus
Avulavirus , family
Paramyxoviridae
Avian
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; ingestion;
inhalation; fomites
Y - (transient
conjunctivitis)Y Y Y
Nipah Virus
Nipah virus disease,
barking pig syndrome,
porcine respiratory and
neurological syndrome,
porcine respiratory and
encephalitis syndrome
Nipah virus, genus
Henipavirus , family
Paramyxoviridae
Pigs (amplifier
host); fruit bats
(Pteropus spp.,
reservoir); dogs;
cats; horses;
goats;
experimentally in
pocket pets
Direct contact with
infectious tissues,
secretions; excretions;
inhalation
Y Y Y Y
Non-endemic Protozoan
and Metazoan parasitesParasite
Various, especially
Gyrodactyus salarisFinfish Various N Y Y Y
Onchorychus masou
virus diseaseVirus
OMVD, Salmonid
herpesvirus type 2
disease
Onchorychus masou
virus, family
Herpresviridae
Salmonids
Direct contact;
animate vectors;
fomites
N Y Y Y
Orthopox viruses Virus
Camelpox, Monkeypox,
Smallpox, Horsepox,
etc.
Genus Orthopoxvirus ,
family Poxviridae
Largely host
specific
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
inhalation; entry via
skin wounds; insect
vector suspected
Y Y Y Y
Paracolon infestation Bacteria Arizona spp. Poultry
Ingestion or inhalation
of infectious
secretions, excretions
N N N Y
Parafilariasis Parasite Parafilaria bovicola Bovids Insect vector Y - (one case) Y Y N
Paratuberculosis Bacteria Johne's Disease
Mycobacterium avium
subspecies
paratuberculosis
Most ruminants;
reported in many
nonruminants
(rabbits, cats,
foxes, bears,
raccoons,
opossum, rats,
birds, etc)
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; ingestion;
fomites; insect vector;
vertical transmission
possible
not fully
determined; may
be involved in
Crohn's disease
N N Y
Perkinsosis Parasite Perkinsus spp. Oysters; clams Ingestion NY - (some
species)Y Y
Peste des Petits
RuminantsVirus
PPR, goat plague,
pseudorinderpest
Peste des petits
ruminants virus, genus
Morbillivirus , family
Paramyxoviridae
Sheep; goats;
reported in
various bovids
and camels;
experimentally in
white tailed deer;
cattle and pigs
are dead end
hosts
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
inhalation; fomites
N Y Y Y
Plague Bacteria
Peste, Black Death,
Bubonic plague,
Pneumonic plague
Yersinia pestis
Most mammals;
rodents and
rabbits most
important hosts
Insect vector (fleas);
direct contact with
infectious fluids,
tissue; ingestion;
inhalation; entry via
skin wounds; fomites
Y N N Y
Pleistophora infection Parasite Pleistophora ovariae Baitfish
Ingestion;
contaminated water;
vertical transmission
N N N Y
Porcine Reproductive and
Respiratory SyndromeVirus PRRS
PRRS virus, genus
Arterivirus , family
Arteriviridae
Suids
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; inhalation;
fomites; insect vector
N N Y Y
Proliferative kidney
diseaseParasite
Tetracapsuloides
bryosalmonaeSalmonids Contaminated water N N N Y
Q Fever BacteriaQuery fever,
CoxiellosisCoxiella burnetii
Asymptomatic
infection in many
mammals, some
birds and reptiles;
goats, sheep and
cattle are main
reservoirs
Direct contact with
infectious tissues,
secretions, excretions;
fomites; inhalation;
ingestion
(contaminated dairy);
possibly sexual
transmission; insect
vector; possible via
blood transfusions in
humans
Y N Y Y
Rabbit Hemorrhagic
DiseaseVirus
Rabbit calicivirus
disease, viral
hemorrhagic disease of
rabbits
Rabbit hemorrhagic
disease virus, genus
Lagovirus , family
Caliciviridae
European rabbit
Contact with
infectious secretions
(oral, nasal,
conjunctival); contact
with infected
carcasses; fomites;
importation of infected
meat; insect vectors
(flies); feces of
predators;
experimentally by SC,
IM and IV routes
N Y Y Y
Rabies Virus
Rabies virus, genus
Lyssavirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
All mammals
susceptible but
some species
display relative
resistance
Direct contact with
infectious saliva
primarily via bites;
inhalation
Y N N Y
Ranavirus Virus
Frog virus 3 (FV3),
genus Ranavirus ,
family Iridoviridae
Amphibians,
Contaminated water;
direct contact;
ingestion of infected
tissue; possibly
vertical
N N N Y
Red sea bream iridoviral
diseaseVirus RSIVD
Red sea bream
iridovirus, genus
Megalocytivirus , family
Iridoviridae
Many fish speciesContact with
contaminated waterN Y Y Y
Rift Valley fever Virus Enzootic hepatitis
Rift Valley fever virus,
genus Phlebovirus ,
family Bunyaviridae
Bovids; caprids;
ovids; canids;
felids; rodents;
primates; camels
Insect vector;
ingestion (raw milk);
direct contact with
infectious tissues;
inhalation (blood)
Y Y Y Y
Rinderpest Virus Cattle plague
Rinderpest virus, genus
Morbillivirus , family
Paramyxoviridae
Likely all cloven-
hoofed animals
susceptible;
bovids, suids and
giraffe most
susceptible
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; inhalation
N Y Y Y
Roseovarius oyster
diseaseBacteria Juvenile oyster disease
Roseovarius
crassostreaeEastern oysters Contaminated water N N N Y
Salmonellosis BacteriaPullorum, Fowl typhoid,
Paratyphoid, etc.
Salmonella enterica ,
multiple serovars,
including Dublin,
Enteriditis,
Typhimurium,
Abortusovis,
Choleraesuis, Paratyphi
Found in all taxa
of animals
Ingestion
(contaminated food,
water, meat); fomites;
insect vector; vertical
transmission in birds
(ovarian); inhalation
Y - (some
species)N Y Y
Scrapie Prionabnormal cellular
protein PrPSc, Nor98Sheep, goats
Direct contact with
infectious fluid,
tissues; fomites
N N Y Y
Screwworm myiasis ParasiteNew and Old World
Screwworm
Chrysomya bezziana
(Old World
screwworm),
Cochliomyia
hominivorax (New
World screwworm)
Any warm-
blooded animalEntry via skin wound Y Y Y Y
Sheep and Goat Pox Virus SGP
Sheep pox virus, goat
pox virus, genus
Capripoxvirus , family
Poxviridae
Caprids, ovids
Inhalation; direct
contact with infectious
secretions; insect
vector; fomites
NY - (Old
World)Y Y
Spring viremia of carp Virus SVC
SVC virus, genus
Vasiculovirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
Goldfish, carp,
sheatfish, tench,
shiners,
pumpkinseeds,
roach, pike
Direct contact with
infected fish; fomites;
mechanical transfer
via birds, leeches, lice
N Y Y Y
Staphylococcal
enterotoxin BBacteria Staphylococcus aureus
S. aureus causes
infection in many
animals, but little
research about
enteritis
Ingestion; inhalation Y N N N
Streptococcosis BacteriaStreptococcosis of
finfishStreptococcus iniae
Various fish
species; dolphins
Direct contact;
contaminated water;
entry via skin wounds
Y N N N
Surra Parasite Trypanosoma evansiMost mammals
susceptible
Insect vector, flies; bat
vector; sexual
transmission;
ingestion (infected
meat)
N Y Y Y
Swine vesicular disease Virus SVD
Swine vesicular
disease virus, genus
Enterovirus , family
Picornaviridae
Suids
Entry via skin wounds;
ingestion
(contaminated meat);
inhalation; fomites
N - (has
occurred only in
lab setting)
Y Y Y
Taura syndrome Virus Taura virusTaura syndrome virus,
family DicistroviridaePenaeid shrimp
Ingestion; fomites;
insect and avian
vector
N Y Y Y
Theileriosis Parasite
East coast fever,
Theileriasis,
Zimbabwean tick fever,
African Coast fever,
Corridor disease,
January disease, also
Mediterranean coast
fever (tropical
therileriosis)
primarily Theileria
parva parva , T.
annulata (tropical)
Bovids
(introduced >
endemic); African
buffaloes and
waterbucks are
reservoirs
Insect vector (ticks) N Y Y N
Transmissible
GastroenteritisVirus TGE
Transmissible
gastroenteritis virus,
genus Coronavirus ,
family Coronaviridae
Suids; canids and
felids are
suggested
resevoirs
Aerosol; ingestion or
contact with infectious
excretions; fomites
N N N Y
Trichinellosis Parasite Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis
Likely all
mammals
susceptible;
primarily flesh
eating mammals,
birds and reptiles;
marine mammals
Ingestion
(contaminated meat)Y N N N
Trichomoniasis Parasite Trichomonas spp. Various mammalsDirect contact with
infectious excretionsY N N Y
Trypanosomosis (African) Parasite
African animal
trypanosomosis,
African animal
trypanosomiasis, AAT
Trypanosoma
congolense , T. brucei
brucei , T. vivax
Likely most
ruminants; African
elephant; black
and white
rhinoceros;
equids; felids;
canids
Insect vector
(primarily tsetse fly)N Y Y N
Tularemia Bacteria Rabbit fever Francisella tularensis
Rabbits and
rodents (main
hosts); various
other mammals
(dogs, sheep,
cats, pigs,
beavers, horses,
primates, pocket
pets); some
reptiles,
amphibians and
fish
Direct contact with
infectious tissues;
inhalation; ingestion;
insect vector; fomites
Y N N Y
Turkey rhinotracheitis Virus
Avian
metapneumovirus
infection
genus
Metapneumovirus ,
family Paramyxoviridae
Turkeys,
chickens,
pheasants,
guinea fowl, some
ducks
Direct contact with
infectious secretions;
inhalation
N N Y Y
Venezuelan equine
encephalomyelitisVirus
VEE, Venezuelan
encephalitis
VEE virus, genus
Alphavirus , family
Togaviridae
Horses; reported
in cattle, swine,
dogs, chickens,
rabbits, goats,
sheep; isolated
from rats,
opossums, bats,
birds
Insect vector
(mosquito)Y Y Y Y
Vesicular exanthema of
swineVirus VES
VES virus, genus
Vesivirus , family
Caliciviridae
Suids; reservoirs
are marine
mammals and
opaleye fish;
related viruses
found in snakes,
toads, skunks,
cattle, primates
Ingestion
(contaminated meat);
direct contact with
infectious fluid from
ruptured vesicles
N - (though lab
infections
reported)
Y Y Y
Vesicular stomatitis Virus VS
Vesicular stomatitis
virus, genus
Vesiculovirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
Equids; suids;
bovids; camelids,
white tailed deer;
reported in
various others
(bats, rodents,
birds, non-human
primates, goats,
sheep, raccoons)
Insect vectors; direct
contact with infectious
fluid from ruptured
vesicles; fomites
Y
Y - (non-
domestic
strains)
Y Y
Viral encephalopathy and
retinopathyVirus Viral nervous necrosis
Viral encephalopathy
and retinopathy virus,
genus Betanodavirus ,
family Nodaviridae
Various fish
species
Contaminated water;
vertical transmissionN N N Y
Viral hemorrhagic fever VirusAfrican hemorrhagic
fever, Ebola, Marburg
Ebolavirus and
marburgvirus, genera
Ebolavirus and
Marburgvirus , family
Filoviridae
Primates; bats
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; inhalation;
sexual transmission
possible; fomites
Y Y Y Y
Viral hemorrhagic fever Virus
South American
hemorrhagic fever,
Lassa fever, Argentine
hemorrhagic fever,
Bolivian hemorrhagic
fever, Venezuelan
hemorrhagic fever
Lassa, Junin, Machupo,
Chapare, Guanarito,
Sabia and Lujo viruses,
genus Arenavirus ,
family Arenaviridae
Rodents, non-
human primates
Direct contact with
infectious secretions,
excretions; inhalation;
entry via skin wounds
Y Y Y Y
Viral hemorrhagic
septicemiaVirus VHS
VHS virus, genus
Novirhabdovirus , family
Rhabdoviridae
Likely all teleost
fish
Direct contact with
infected fish;
contaminated water;
avian vector
N N Y Y
Wesselsbron Disese Virus Wesselsbron fever
Wesselsbron virus,
genus Flavivirus ,
family Togaviridae
Sheep, goats,
cattle, horses,
pigs, camels,
ostrich
Insect vector
(mosquitoes)Y Y Y N
West Nile Virus Virus WNV, West Nile fever
West Nile virus, genus
Arbovirus , family
Flaviviridae
Avian; equids;
reported in some
reptiles, camelids,
marine mammals,
sheep, cervids,
Indian rhinoceros;
Ab found in many
other species
Insect vector
(mosquitoes);
ingestion (infectious
tissue)
Y N YY - (some
avians)
Western Equine
EncephalomyelitisVirus WEE
WEE virus, genus
Alphavirus , family
Togaviridae
Equids; birds;
asymptomatic
infection in
squirrels, snakes,
frogs, tortoises
Insect vector,
mosquitoesY N Y N
Whirling disease Parasite Myxobolus cerebralis SalmonidsIngestion;
contaminated waterN N N Y
White spot disease Virus WSD
White spot disease
virus, genus
Whispovirus , family
Nimaviridae
All decapod
crustaceans
Ingestion; contact with
contaminated water;
vertical transmission;
various vectors
N N N Y
White tail disease VirusWTD, white muscle
disease, WMD
Macrobrachium
rosenbergii nodavirus
(Mr NV) and associate
extra small virus (XSV),
family Nodaviridae
Giant freshwater
prawn
Contact with
contaminated water;
vertical transmission;
insect and shrimp
vector
N Y Y Y
Xenohaliotis infection BacteriaXenohaliotis
californiensisAbalone
Ingestion;
contaminated waterN Y Y Y
Yellow head disease Virus YHD
Yellow head virus,
genus Okavirus , family
Roniviridae
Penaeid and
palemonid shrimp,
prawns and krill
Ingestion; contact with
contaminated water;
vertical transmission
is likely
N Y Y Y