State Aid Scoreboard 2018: Results, trends and observations … · 2019. 8. 19. · 7 1.3. The 2018...

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EUROPEAN COMMISSION Competition DG Policy and Strategy State aid Policy and Strategy

COMP.A3 Brussels, 07 January 2019

State Aid Scoreboard 2018:

Results, trends and observations regarding EU28 State Aid expenditure reports for 2017

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Table of contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 5

1.1. State aid control ................................................................................................ 5

1.2. The State aid Scoreboard: purpose, scope and content ..................................... 6

1.3. The 2018 State aid Scoreboard: summary and main findings .......................... 7

2. OVERALL TRENDS ................................................................................................. 9

2.1. Total State aid expenditure ............................................................................... 9

2.2. State aid expenditure by objective .................................................................. 11

2.3. State aid expenditure by measure .................................................................... 17

2.4. State aid expenditure by instrument ................................................................ 21

2.5. State aid expenditure on co-financed projects ................................................ 22

3. IMPACT OF THE STATE AID MODERNISATION (SAM) ................................ 25

3.1. GBER uptake .................................................................................................. 25

3.2. Enabling faster decisions ................................................................................ 30

3.3. Focus enforcement on cases with the biggest impact on the internal market . 31

3.4. Foster sustainable, smart and inclusive growth .............................................. 32

4. AID IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS ....... 34

ANNEX 1 – INFORMATION ON STATE AID MEASURES FOR WHICH REPORTED EXPENDITURE INCREASED/DECREASED THE MOST IN 2017 COMPARED TO 2016 (AS % OF GDP) BY POLICY OBJECTIVE .................................................. 36

ANNEX 2 – TOTAL STATE AID SPENDING .............................................................. 44

ANNEX 3 – SHARE OF STATE AID SPENDING BY OBJECTIVE IN 2010 AND 2017, EXCLUDING RAILWAYS AND AGRICULTURAL AID ................................... 46

ANNEX 4 –STATE AID TO BANKS – APPROVED (ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS IN BILLION EUR) ........................................................................................................ 56

ANNEX 5 –STATE AID TO BANKS – USED (ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS IN BILLION EUR) ......................................................................................................................... 58

ANNEX 6 –COUNTRY FICHES (IN MILLION EUR, CURRENT PRICES)............... 60

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. State aid control

Governments and public authorities frequently pursue legitimate public policies when granting subsidies to

companies. However, in a market economy, such interventions may lead to distortions of competition by creating

unequal conditions for companies that participate in the market and costly subsidy races.

Competition gives companies incentives to innovate, enter new markets and improve efficiency. This brings greater

choice possibilities and lower prices for consumers. It also makes European firms more competitive in world markets.

These benefits require competition policy, to ensure equity and a level playing field. Favouring some firms to the

detriment of others might create inefficiencies by letting less efficient ones survive or even expand at the expense of

the more efficient. State aid control helps rewarding the most competitive firms, thereby increasing overall European

competitiveness. It also constitutes an efficient use of taxpayers’ money while maximising available resources from

limited national budgets targeting many essential purposes, such as the educational system, the health system,

national security, social protection and others.

State aid control does not prevent Member State governments from supporting businesses. State aid control ensures

that any detriment arising from distortions of competition is outweighed by the public purpose pursued by the aid.

Moreover, by steering public aid towards objectives of common interest that otherwise would not be realised (e.g.

R&D&I, major infrastructure projects, investment in renewable energy), state aid control helps both ensure benefits

for society and minimise the negative impact of the distortion of competition.

Over the past half-century, a large body of secondary legislation and guidelines has developed in order to give

practical application to these fundamental principles. The rules have evolved to keep pace with economic and

technological change, with the emergence of new political priorities (such as the increased emphasis placed on the

protection of the environment over the last decade) and with new developments in economic theory. Consequently,

EU State aid policy has undergone a number of important changes in recent years. In particular, the Commission has

implemented since 2013 a major reform package, the State Aid Modernisation, allowing Member States quickly to

implement State aid measures that foster investment, economic growth and job creation, leaving the Commission to

focus its State aid control on cases most liable to distort competition. At the same time, measures that might seriously

harm competition or fragment the Single Market are subject to more careful scrutiny and a number of new initiatives

have been introduced, in particular transparency, ex-post evaluation and increased monitoring.

The 2018 State aid Scoreboard confirms the benefits of modernisation.

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1.2. The State aid Scoreboard: purpose, scope and content

Under Article 6(1) of Commission Regulation (EC) 794/2004, the Commission has to publish, annually, a State aid

synopsis ("State Aid Scoreboard") on the basis of the expenditure reports provided by Member States1.

This report presents State aid expenditure data for 2017 as reported by Member States2 and summarises the main

findings by focusing on the most relevant changes observed between 2016 and 2017.

Expenditure refers to all existing aid measures3 in favour of industries and services (including agriculture and

fisheries), for which the Commission adopted a formal decision or received a summary information sheet from the

Member States for measures qualifying for exemption under the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER). The

figures do not include funding granted in line with the de minimis rules since this spending is not deemed to constitute

State aid. They also exclude most of the aid to railways4 and services of general economic interest5. Furthermore, crisis

aid to the financial sector is dealt with separately in section 4.

In addition, the note includes an analysis of reported expenditure and confirms the benefits of the State Aid

Modernisation: quicker implementation of public support by Member States, to the benefit of citizens, businesses and

regions; less bureaucracy, red tape and delays. The note also highlights the role of State aid control in steering public

aid towards objectives of common interest (e.g. R&D&I and investment in renewable energy), while ensuring benefits

for society and minimising the negative impact of State aid on competition.

Finally, the overall observations are underpinned by further information. The Annexes provide additional material

(illustrative tables and charts) to allow a more informed reading of the 2018 Scoreboard results. In particular Annex 6

contains country fiches, which have been shared with Member States for consultation and verification of the reported

expenditure. The country fiches contain the final figures published.

1 Commission Regulation (EC) No 794/2004, Article 6(2) "Each year the Commission shall publish a State aid

synopsis containing a synthesis of the information contained in the annual reports submitted during the previous year."

2 The main findings and insights presented in this note reflect the information as reported and validated by Member States before publication.

3 Subsidies granted to individuals or general measures open to all enterprises are not covered by this definition and do not constitute State aid.

Additionally, since 2016, the Commission took several steps to further clarify the notion of State aid with the aim of helping public authorities and companies to identify when public support measures can be granted outside the remit of State aid control and approval by the European Commission , in particular with the adoption of the Notice on the notion of State aid (see Commission Notice on the notion of State aid as referred to in Article 107(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, C/2016/2946, OJ C 262, 19.7.2016, pp. 1-50.).

4 Subsidies to railways are excluded from the total State aid figure in the State Aid Scoreboard, as they fall under Article 93 TFEU and corresponding regulations. They however appear in a dedicated table in the scoreboard, together with data falling under Regulation 1370/2007 which are reported on a voluntary basis by Member States.

5 SGEI cases have been excluded from the analysis since the reporting of measures of this nature is not fully consistent across Member States.

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1.3. The 2018 State aid Scoreboard: summary and main findings

The 2018 State Aid Scoreboard shows the positive role of State aid in steering public aid towards common interest

objectives, while minimising the negative impact of State aid on competition, and confirms the benefits of the State

Aid Modernisation (SAM):

• In 2017, Member States spent €116.2 billion, i.e. 0.76% of EU GDP, on State aid, compared to €106.6 billion,

i.e. 0.72% of EU GDP, in 2016. About 53% of total spending was attributed to State aid to environmental and

energy savings, largely due to the approval and implementation of numerous renewable energy initiatives in

many Member States.

• While about 50% of total State aid was still allocated to supporting sectoral development, rescue and

restructuring in the early nineties, it currently only represents a very small proportion of aid disbursed. In

2017, about 94% of total State aid spending was allocated to horizontal objectives of common interest,

such as environmental protection, research, development and innovation and regional development.

• State aid control does not prevent Member State governments from focusing aid on their own legitimate

policy objectives and priorities. In 20 Member States, environmental protection and energy savings

represent one of the two main policy objectives for which they spent the most in 2017, followed by regional

development in 9 Member States, research, development and innovation in 9 Member States and culture in

6 Member States

• Since 2015, more than 96% of new measures for which expenditure has been reported for the first time fell

under the General Block Exemption Regulation - an absolute increase of about 28p.p. compared to 2013.

This development is in line with the Commission's approach to be 'big on big things and small on small things'

– to focus on delivering more and faster, while doing less where it is perceived not to have an added value.

• Total expenditure on measures falling under the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER) in the EU

represented about 41.7 billion euros in 2017, a remarkable increase of about EUR 7.8 billion EUR compared

to 2016. For the first time, spending under GBER increased for all possible objectives. In particular, GBER

spending strongly increased for broadband and local and multi recreational infrastructures (+129%), for aid to

SMEs and risk finance (+81%), for social support to individual consumers (+ 56%), for research, development

and innovation (+30%), for aid to culture and heritage conservation (+28%) and for employment (+21%).

• The growing share of spending falling under GBER implies that, on average, State aid measures can be

implemented much more quickly than in the past by Member States. The estimated average duration

before possible implementation decreased from about 3.3 months before State Aid Modernisation to about

2.8 months over the period 2016-2017 - a decrease of 15%.

• At the same time, notified State aid measures tend to cover bigger budgets and spending than in the past,

in line with the Commission's approach to be 'big on big things and small on small things'. In 2017, the

average annual budget of notified measures implemented was about 230 million EUR, an increase of about

18% and 126% compared to 2015 and 2013 respectively.

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• The State Aid Modernisation did not lead to any ‘deep-pocket distortions’ between wealthier and less

wealthy Member States. The correlation between State aid spending per capita and GDP per capita more

than halved between 2010 and 2017.

• The level of State aid to the financial sector, both approved and used, was at its lowest level since the

beginning of the financial crisis, except for capital aid instruments where around EUR 12.1 billion were

employed to address legacy cases requiring recapitalisation aid. The European banking sector relies less and

less on government guarantees, as shown by the reduced use of liquidity aid support. This continuing

decrease of State aid used shows that legacy issues are being addressed, while the European banking sector

is able to find more and more of the necessary liquidity on the market.

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2. OVERALL TRENDS

2.1. Total State aid expenditure

According to the national expenditure reports for 20176, State aid spending increased significantly in 2017 both in

absolute amounts and relative to GDP. Member States spent EUR 116.2 billion, i.e. 0.76% of GDP, on State aid at

European Union level (see Graph 1), an increase of about 0.04p.p. of GDP compared to 2016. In nominal terms, this

represents an increase of about 9% compared to 2016 expenditure (+ EUR 9.6 billion).

Seen from a long-term perspective, the overall level of State aid had been on a downward trend since the 1980s.

From approximately 2% of EU GDP during the 1980s, it fell to about 1% of EU GDP in the 1990s and decreased even

further to around 0.5% to 0.6% of EU GDP in the first decade of the 21st century. Since 2014, the downward trend

has however been reversed, mostly due to the inclusion of large renewable energy schemes (RES). Most notably,

over time, the Commission observed a greater focus on horizontal aid for environmental protection, energy

efficiency, R&D&I, SMEs and regional development. Such measures are not only less distortive of competition but

also contribute towards reaching the EU's strategic objectives of smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.

Graph 1 – Total State Aid expenditure, excluding aid to railways as % of GDP

Source: Commission services.

Note: A large part of the increase in reported total expenditure that has been observed from 2014 compared to previous years was due to the inclusion of renewable energy schemes (RES).

Please note that some Member States have not yet reported all measures concerning Renewable Energy Sources (RES)/Combined Heat and Power (CHP). Moreover, in some cases, the reporting has been made only for 2014 and/or following years while the measures may well also cover previous years. In light of the jurisprudence, a more consistent and continuous reporting of State aid to renewables may be expected in the future.

In 2017, spending was reported for 3334 active measures, of which a large majority were schemes (77%). While only

about 11% of these measures (i.e. 373 cases) concerned environmental protection and energy savings, they cover, on

average, much higher budgets and spending compared to other objectives. About 53% of total spending, excluding

agricultural aid, was attributed to State aid to environmental and energy savings. A large share of this spending is

due to the approval under EU State aid rules of renewable energy initiatives, to help Member States meet their energy

6 Submitted in conformity with Article 6(1) of Commission Regulation (EC) 794/2004

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security and environmental targets (20% by 20207) and achieve the Energy Union strategy on the transition to a low-

carbon, secure and competitive economy.

Apart from State aid to environmental and energy savings, Member States spent about EUR 54.8 billion, i.e. 0.36% of

GDP, on State aid at European Union level (see Graph 1). After the decrease registered in 2016 as compared to 2015,

this represents an increase of about 10.6% compared to 2016 expenditure (+ EUR 5.2 billion)8, in nominal terms.

As regards both the levels and changes in total expenditure, there are large differences between Member States (see

Graph 2 and Annex 2). The highest increase in expenditure has been recorded in Hungary (+0.5p.p. of GDP). Other

Member States, i.e. Poland (+0.5p.p. of GDP), Bulgaria and Malta (+0.3p.p. of GDP), Lithuania and Estonia (+0.2p.p. of

GDP) also recorded large increases. On the contrary, a substantial reduction in State aid expenditure has been

observed in Latvia (-0.7p.p. of GDP) and, to a lesser extent, in Slovakia (-0.2p.p. of GDP). All the remaining member

States registered much lower variations, i.e. between -0.1p.p. and 0.1p.p. of GDP.

Graph 2 – Total State Aid expenditure as % of GDP in 2016 and 2017


7 In 2009, the EU's Renewable Energy Directive set a binding target of 20% final energy consumption from

renewable sources by 2020 (Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, OJ L 140, 5.6.2009, p. 16). To achieve this, EU Member States have committed to reach their own national renewables targets ranging from 10% in Malta to 49% in Sweden. On 14 June 2018, the Commission, the European Parliament and the Council agreed on a new Renewable Energy Directive (RED II) which sets a European wide binding target of reaching a share of energy from renewables of at least 32% of the Union’s gross final consumption in 2030.

8 When comparing State Aid expenditure as % of GDP for the two last four years periods, i.e. 2010-2013 and 2014-2017, the trend shows however a clear decrease of about 0.05% of GDP (with respectively a total expenditure of about 0.41% and 0.36% of GDP for the two selected periods).

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2.2. State aid expenditure by objective

Despite the general prohibition of State aid laid down in the TFEU, in some circumstances government interventions

are necessary for a well-functioning and equitable economy. Therefore, the Treaty leaves room for a number of policy

objectives for which State aid can be considered as compatible with the functioning of the Internal Market. The EU

State aid legislation codifies these exemptions9.

To be compatible, State aid must contribute to a well-defined objective of common interest. The range of potential

common-interest objectives is very broad, ranging from supporting consumer welfare to social and political objectives,

such as sustainable growth, social and regional cohesion and environmental protection. However, in practice aid

measures are often mutually complementary and some of the objectives might overlap10.

At EU level, the observed overall change in reported State aid expenditure in 2017 compared to 2016 largely differs by

policy objective (see Graph 3 and Annex 3).

Graph 3 – Overall change in State aid expenditure by objective between 2016 and 2017 in the European Union (in millions EUR)


The largest variations, in nominal terms, have been identified for the following objectives:

(1) An increase of State aid to environmental protection and energy savings of about 4.4 billion EUR. Expressed as %

of GDP and compared to 2016, increases in expenditure for this objective have been registered in 19 Member States

(see Graph 4). In absolute amounts, the most noticeable increases occurred in Germany (+1.4 billion EUR), France (+ 1

9 See http://ec.europa.eu/competition/state_aid/legislation/legislation.html

10 For example, a regional aid scheme might be targeted at the sole benefit of SMEs located in an assisted region.

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billion EUR), Italy (+853 million EUR), Poland (+359 million EUR) and Hungary (+211 million EUR), corresponding to

spending increases for existing schemes or to the implementation of new schemes: (i) to support renewables in

Germany (SA.45461 replacing SA.38632), France (SA.40171) and Hungary (SA.44076); (ii) to reduce the renewable and

cogeneration surcharge for electro-intensive users in Italy (SA.38635); (iii) to invest in the (re)construction of an

energy efficient heating/cooling network in Poland (SA.43904); and (iv) to support environmental protection and

energy efficiency in Hungary (SA.39826).

Graph 4 – Total State Aid expenditure for environmental protection and energy savings as % of GDP in 2016 and 2017


(2) An overall increase of State aid to "other" objectives including broadband, Projects of Common European

Interest or local infrastructures of about 1.5 billion EUR. Expressed as % of GDP, increases in expenditure, compared

to 2016, have been registered in 15 Member States (see Graph 5). In absolute amounts, the strongest increases

occurred in Sweden (+582 million EUR), Poland (+486 million EUR), France (+465 million EUR) and Hungary (+268

million EUR). While these increases concern essentially the support to the development of local infrastructure

(SA.39817 in Hungary) or broadband (SA.43834 in Poland), they also include particular measures that could have been

reclassified under different policy objectives (e.g. support to Samhall, a State-owned Swedish company providing

employment for people with disabilities (SA.38469)11 or aid to undertakings exposed to a significant risk of carbon

leakage in France (SA.43389)).

11 Although Sweden reported this measure under "other", it could have been reported under the employment

objective.

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Graph 5 – Total State Aid expenditure for others objective as % of GDP in 2016 and 2017


(3) An increase of State aid for regional development of about 1.4 billion EUR at EU level. After the strong decreases

registered for regional development in both 2015 and 2016, the trend has therefore been reversed in 2017. However,

expressed as % of GDP, increases in expenditure, compared to 2016, were actually registered in only 13 Member

States (see Graph 6). In nominal terms, the largest increases were observed in Germany (+672 million EUR), Poland

(+655 million EUR) and Hungary (+118 million EUR). On the contrary, State aid spending for regional development

decreased significantly in France (-177 million EUR). As concerns Germany, the change is almost entirely due to the

implementation of a new scheme to support the improvement of the regional economic structure (SA.49191). In

Poland, instead, the change is mostly due to a strong increase in reported spending under a scheme supporting

regional investment for the competitiveness of SMEs (SA.43142) and another scheme providing financial aid for R&D

regional investments (SA.43257).

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Graph 6 – Total State Aid expenditure for regional development as % of GDP in 2016 and 2017


(4) An increase of State aid for risk finance and SMEs of about 1.3 billion EUR, notably in Italy (+1.1 billion EUR) and

Germany (+484 million EUR). For Italy, the increase is mostly due to a scheme created to facilitate access to credit for

trading companies (SA.41830), while for Germany, it is primarily due to a new scheme aimed at improving of the

regional and commercial economic structure for SMEs (SA.49191).

(5) An increase of State aid for promotion of export and internationalisation of about 730 million EUR, entirely due

to reporting by Spain of the amounts spent under a former tax scheme benefitting companies acquiring foreign

shareholdings (SA.3555012), subject to a recovery procedure13.

(6) A slight decrease of State aid to research and development including innovation of about 640 million EUR at EU

level, mostly due to decreased spending in the United Kingdom (-711 million EUR) and Italy (- 475 million EUR).

However, expressed as % of GDP, the situation is rather balanced since increases in expenditure, compared to 2016,

were actually registered in half of the Member States (see Graph 7). For the United Kingdom, the decrease is mostly

due to lower disbursements under a scheme providing R&D tax credit to SMEs (SA.41386 replacing SA.32768). As

concerns Italy, lower spending was registered for several large schemes, i.a. to maximise use of FIRST14 support

12 See http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1159_en.htm

13 When Member States report expenditure for cases for which a recovery procedure has been launched, the full amount of the aid disbursed has to be reported, irrespective of the fact that the aid was partially or fully recovered. However, the results of the investigations of the tax ruling practices of Member States and in particular the corresponding decisions requiring that incompatible State aid must be recovered in order to remove the distortion of competition created by the aid (e.g. see http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-3701_en.htm) may not appear yet in the reported figures.

14 Fund for investment in scientific and technological research.

http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-3701_en.htm

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(SA.36907), to support R&D&I for industrial innovation projects (SA.37919) and to support industrial and

precompetitive R&D and general training (SA.33100).

Graph 7 – Total State Aid expenditure for Research, Development and Innovation as % of GDP in 2016 and 2017


The figures reported for the remaining aid objectives in 2017 are broadly similar to those in 2016 (see Graph 8).

Graph 8 – State Aid expenditure by objective in 2016 and 2017 (millions EUR)


* The number indicated in parenthesis next to the objective represents the absolute change in million EUR between 2016 and 2017.

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The 2018 Scoreboard shows that State aid control does not prevent Member State governments from supporting their

own legitimate policy objectives and priorities. In fact, Member States used State aid for rather diversified objectives

(see Graph 9). In 2017, the prime reported policy objectives (i.e. for which Member States spent the most) were:

• Environmental protection and energy savings for a majority of 16 Member States (Germany, Romania,

Bulgaria, Austria, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Czechia, Ireland, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Slovenia,

Luxembourg, the United Kingdom and France). Moreover, the large majority of aid was actually used to

support renewable energy sources (including energy tax reductions for energy-intensive users);

• Regional development in Portugal, Greece, Croatia, Hungary and Poland;

• Research, development and innovation in Belgium;

• Culture in Lithuania;

• Sectorial development in Malta and Latvia;

• SMEs and risk finance in Italy;

• Promotion of export and internationalisation in Spain15.

In some Member States, the spending was very concentrated on one main objective. 12 Member States spent more

than 60% of their total State aid on one policy objective (Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Sweden, Finland,

Portugal, Denmark, Estonia, Czechia, Ireland, Latvia).

When considering the two prime objectives, for which each Member State spent the most in 2017, environmental

protection and energy savings appears in 20 Member States, followed by regional development in 9 Member States,

research, development and innovation in 9 Member States and culture in 6 Member States (See Graph 9).

15 Mostly due to reporting by Spain of the amounts spent under a former tax scheme benefitting companies acquiring

foreign shareholdings (SA.35550), subject to a recovery procedure (see http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-14-1159_en.htm).

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Graph 9 – Biggest shares of spending per (first and second) primary objective by Member State in 2017 (%)


2.3. State aid expenditure by measure

Reported figures reveal an inclination of Member States to set up a limited number of large schemes or measures

that absorb most of the State aid spending. On average, about 67% of total spending was concentrated on the five

biggest measures in 2017 (see Graph 10). But there are large differences between Member States: In 10 Member

States (Slovenia, Austria, Germany, Greece, Romania, Malta, Luxembourg, Latvia, Cyprus, Bulgaria), this share was

above 80% while it was below 50% in 4 Member States (France, Italy, Hungary and Poland). The large share of

Member States with highly concentrated spending is partly related to the fact that notified measures tend to cover

bigger budgets and spending than in the past, although it is also highly correlated to the size of the Member State or

its institutional structure.

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Graph 10 – Share of State Aid expenditure concentrated on the five biggest measures (%)


Member States predominantly granted State aid via schemes rather than through ad hoc individual measures. In

2017, only about 33% of all implemented aids were either individual applications under schemes or ad hoc decisions, a

decrease of about 8p.p. as compared to 2016.

To complement the overview provided in Section 2.2, Table 1 highlights, for each Member State, the objectives for

which expenditure has most increased or decreased in both relative and absolute terms in 2017 compared to 2016.

Table 2 provides an even more disaggregated perspective and lists the 30 State aid measures for which expenditure

has increased or decreased most significantly as % of GDP in 2017 compared to 2016. Annex 1 provides the same

information by main primary objective. It helps identifying the most relevant changes observed between 2016 and

2017 and understanding the reasons for these changes.

For example, the increase observed in 2017 as regards rescue and restructuring aid (R&R) is mostly due to one

measure in support of the Duferco group by the Walloon region of Belgium (SA.33926 – see Annex 1.9). Also, the

strong decrease in State aid spending for culture registered for Latvia in 2017 is almost entirely due to the expiration

of one scheme, which also largely explains the substantial reduction in total State Aid expenditure observed for this

Member State (SA.34462 - see Annex 1.11). These developments also reflect the large differences between Member

States in the way they use State aid for attaining policy objectives.

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Table 1 – Non-agricultural State Aid expenditure excluding railways / Agricultural aid (in million EUR)

Total Closure aid

Compensation of damages

caused by natural

disaster

Culture Employment

Environmental protection incl Energy

saving

Heritage conservation

Promotion of export and

internationalisation

Regional development

Rescue & Restructure

Research and development

incl Innovation

Sectoral development

SME incl risk capital

Social support to individual

consumers

Training Other

BE 2488 2205 -283 0 0 -106 -12 19 0 3 33 167 54 -37 -22 0 -1 -381 40 113 73 BE

BG 488 663 175 0 0 -1 1 125 0 0 60 0 -1 0 -7 0 0 -1 64 81 18 BG

CZ 2309 2676 368 0 0 47 0 169 -8 0 69 -19 82 -1 4 0 1 24 237 220 -17 CZ

DK 4460 4397 -63 0 0 6 -78 139 0 0 0 0 -138 22 -5 0 -1 -8 88 92 4 DK

DE 40364 42313 1949 -46 -71 -217 0 1398 0 -1 672 1 -365 11 484 0 -2 85 1022 547 -475 DE

EE 172 236 63 0 0 32 0 20 0 0 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 4 10 11 1 EE

IE 407 528 121 0 0 -1 0 139 0 0 -9 0 10 -1 -23 0 7 0 150 146 -4 IE

EL 619 427 -192 0 0 0 7 8 0 0 3 0 -77 -140 -38 0 0 46 80 83 3 EL

ES 2273 3023 751 0 3 45 9 -267 0 743 -27 -30 39 -50 19 244 0 23 514 616 103 ES

FR 14925 16825 1900 0 2 249 0 1017 0 0 -177 0 22 830 -145 -349 -14 465 535 593 58 FR

HR 440 476 36 0 0 48 0 -158 0 0 100 -9 0 1 54 0 1 0 90 121 31 HR

IT 3304 4746 1442 0 69 -53 187 853 0 -12 62 7 -475 -85 1053 0 -45 -120 673 1013 340 IT

CY 119 104 -15 0 0 0 0 -17 0 0 -2 0 0 6 -3 0 0 0 9 10 1 CY

LV 592 436 -156 0 0 -159 0 -1 0 0 -32 0 2 27 -1 0 1 7 19 40 20 LV

LT 323 441 118 0 0 20 16 24 0 0 24 0 8 9 -2 0 3 16 13 12 -1 LT

LU 182 150 -32 0 0 0 0 -20 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 -18 12 13 1 LU

HU 2283 3128 845 0 0 53 12 211 0 0 118 0 181 -18 16 0 3 268 179 167 -12 HU

MT 55 89 34 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 19 0 -1 14 -1 0 1 0 0 0 0 MT

NL 1931 1962 31 0 0 42 0 23 0 0 0 -9 -13 -127 4 0 79 33 445 427 -18 NL

AT 1821 1737 -85 0 2 5 0 -35 0 0 3 0 -62 -11 7 0 -2 8 149 122 -27 AT

PL 4513 7071 2557 126 0 243 75 359 4 0 655 0 768 -254 96 0 0 486 273 326 53 PL

PT 731 836 106 0 0 0 -13 0 0 0 89 0 6 0 17 7 0 0 21 26 5 PT

RO 1045 922 -123 20 0 0 0 -39 0 0 -128 0 26 0 -3 0 0 0 4 19 15 RO

SI 325 368 43 3 0 0 9 6 0 0 -1 0 24 1 1 0 1 0 5 14 9 SI

SK 361 222 -139 0 0 -37 0 40 0 0 -109 0 -26 0 -8 0 -2 2 24 51 27 SK

FI 1645 1821 176 0 0 11 11 125 0 0 -6 0 -1 8 -6 0 0 35 352 319 -33 FI

SE 3659 4335 676 0 0 4 -3 93 0 0 1 0 4 -11 8 0 -2 582 19 17 -2 SE

UK 9464 8548 -917 0 -3 -25 3 125 0 0 -31 4 -711 -6 -209 9 17 -89 248 301 53 UK

EU 101299 110685 9387 103 3 208 224 4356 -4 734 1389 111 -639 190 1290 -89 45 1466 5274 5500 226 EU

EA 72637 78470 5832 -43 6 -167 214 3331 0 734 546 136 -852 457 1337 -98 26 204 4073 4156 83 EA

*A green font indicates a relative increase of expenditure of at least 25% in 2017, as compared to 2016, and an absolute increase of expenditure of at least 50 million EUR in 2017, as compared to 2016

*A red font indicates a relative decrease of expenditure of at least 25% in 2017, as compared to 2016, and an absolute decrease of expenditure of at least 50 million EUR, as compared to 2016

Lvl change 2016-2017

Agricultural AidNon-Agricultural Aid

2016 2017 2016 2017Lvl change 2016-2017


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Table 2 - Information on the 30 State aid measures for which reported expenditure increased/decreased the most in 2017 compared to 2016 (as % of GDP)

DE SA.45461

EEG 2017 - Reform of the Renewable Energy Law

NO NO N Scheme 0.0 29467.0 29467.0 0.913%Environmental

protection

DE SA.38632

EEG 2014

YES NO N Scheme 27589.5 0.0 -27589.5 -0.855%Environmental

protection

LV SA.34462

Programme "Culture"

YES YES N Scheme 239.1 71.3 -167.8 -0.630% Culture

HR SA.38406

Renewables support scheme in Croatia 2014-2015

NO NO N Scheme 195.8 35.2 -160.6 -0.334%Environmental

protection

BG SA.49455

Improving Production Capacity in SMEs

NO YES X Scheme 0.0 116.7 116.7 0.237% Regional development

BG SA.44840

2011 Bulgarian RES support scheme

NO NO NN Scheme 308.1 413.7 105.6 0.215%Environmental

protection

HU SA.48779

Chapter appropriations and centralized appropriationsmanagement and utilization of human resources

NO NO X Scheme 0.0 204.8 204.8 0.171% Culture

HR SA.43615

Program for granting state aid for development of business infrastructure


HU SA.39814

Investment support for the development of local infrastructure based on the Territorial and Municipal Development Operational Program (TOP) NO YES X Scheme 98.9 297.5 198.6 0.166% Other

HU SA.34770

Appropriations of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Cultural Fund

NO NO N Scheme 271.4 73.9 -197.5 -0.165% Culture

EE SA.48504

Excise tax on specially marked diesel in the agricultural sector

NO NO X Scheme 0.0 35.0 35.0 0.158%Environmental

protection

HU SA.43058

28/2015 on the Handling and Use of Chapter Handled Appropriations. (VI.3.) NFM on the basis of the General Block Exemption Regulation NO NO X Scheme 69.1 240.7 171.6 0.143% Other

EE SA.46893

Aid scheme for the promotion of culture and heritage conservation

NO NO X Scheme 0.0 30.4 30.4 0.137% Culture

HR SA.41208

State Aid Grant Program for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Development

NO YES X Scheme 39.9 103.2 63.2 0.131% SMEs

MT ARI_49806

Export Incentive Scheme (Art 5 of the Business Promotion Act, BPA)

NO NO N Scheme 26.0 39.4 13.4 0.128% Sectoral development

MT SA.39234

Investment Aid Tax Credits 2014 - 2020

NO NO X Scheme 0.8 14.0 13.2 0.125% Regional development

HR SA.43431

Law on the promotion of the investment

NO NO X Scheme 72.0 12.0 -60.0 -0.125% Regional development

HU SA.48680

Government decree 210/2014 (VIII.27.) concerning the use of investment incentives

NO NO X Scheme 0.0 142.0 142.0 0.119% Regional development

PL SA.41471

National Research and Development Centre

NO YES X Scheme 355.3 880.3 524.9 0.115%

Research and development incl

Innovation

SE SA.38469

Sheltered employment in Sweden

NO NO E Ad Hoc Case 0.0 529.4 529.4 0.110% Other

HR SA.43646

Program for granting support for the sustainable restoration of cultural heritage

NO YES X Scheme 0.0 52.6 52.6 0.109% Culture

HU SA.48382

Regional investment aid to MOL Petrolkémia Zrt

NO NO N Scheme 0.0 131.1 131.1 0.109% Regional development

LV SA.43140

Support to renewable energy and CHP

NO NO NN Scheme 237.2 266.3 29.1 0.109% Sectoral development

HU SA.39836

Broadband infrastructure in Hungary (GINOP)

NO YES X Scheme 136.3 8.1 -128.2 -0.107% Other

HR SA.41699

A program for granting state aid to increase the development of new products and services arising from R & D activities


LT SA.45954

Acquisition of preferential duty-free gas oil (agricultural sector) (amendment SA.45123)

NO NO X Scheme 51.5 90.4 38.9 0.095%Environmental

protection

BG SA.41940

Improving the production capacity in SMEs

NO YES X Scheme 46.6 0.0 -46.6 -0.095% Regional development

BE SA.37667

Excess Profit exemption in Belgium – Art. 185§2 b) CIR92

YES NO NN Scheme 391.2 0.0 -391.2 -0.090% Other

HU SA.39476

Use of the investment incentive target

YES NO X Scheme 194.4 87.9 -106.5 -0.089% Regional development

PL SA.43484

Broadband infrastructure Digital Poland 2014-2020

NO YES X Scheme 60.7 461.0 400.4 0.088% Other

Is expiring / expired?

Expenditure (in millions EUR), 2016


Change 2016-2017 in

expenditure

Change 2016-2017 in

expenditure (% of GDP)

Case type ObjectiveCase

number Working titleIs

cofinanced?

Member State

Procedure type


2.4. State aid expenditure by instrument

State aid represents a loss of revenue to the state and a benefit to the recipient undertaking. This economic transfer

can take numerous forms i.a. grants, tax concessions, equity investments, soft loans, tax deferrals or guarantees. The

choice of the aid instrument should normally be made in view of the market failure that the aid seeks to address and

in order to generate the lowest possible distortive effects on competition and trade.

Looking at expenditure by aid instrument (see Graph 11), grants including interest subsidies remain the most popular

aid instrument (64% of total expenditure), followed by tax exemptions (29% of total expenditure). Since 2014, the

shares of spending by instrument have remained rather stable at EU level. However, practices among Member States

largely differ: for example, direct grants cover less than 50% of country specific aid payments in 10 Member States

(Bulgaria, Portugal, Sweden, Romania, Czechia, Malta, Lithuania, Denmark, France and Finland) (see Graph 12).

Graph 11 – Total State Aid by aid instrument, excluding Agricultural Aid, in 2016 and 2017 (in million EUR)


Graph 12 – Share of total State aid expenditure, excluding Agricultural aid, disbursed through direct grants (including interest subsidies) and through other instruments in 2017


By comparison, direct grants accounted for less than 50 percent of all non-agricultural aid spent for specific

objectives like SMEs including risk finance, social support to individual consumers, rescue and restructuring and

22

regional development (see Graph 13). On the contrary, 100% of the aid was disbursed through grants and interest

subsidies for closure aid and heritage conservation.

Graph 13 – Share of total State aid expenditure, excluding Agricultural aid, disbursed through direct grants (including interest subsidies) and through other instruments in the EU by main policy objectives, in 2017


2.5. State aid expenditure on co-financed projects

There is a clear link between EU State aid rules, in particular the regional aid rules, and EU economic and social

cohesion policy. If richer Member States were allowed to support their domestic industries in an unrestrained

manner, this would undermine the effectiveness of European Structural and Investment Funds support to the weaker

Member States and regions and thereby impair the elimination of disparities in and further integration of the Single

Market. State aid control helps to make aid more effective by using regional aid sparingly and proportionately,

concentrating it on the most disadvantaged regions to induce additional investment or economic activity in those

areas. The correlation between State aid spending per capita and GDP per capita more than halved between 2010

and 2017 (Graph 14), demonstrating that the State Aid Modernisation did not lead to any extra ‘deep-pocket

distortions’.

23

Graph 14 –State aid spending per capita as compared to GDP per capita (in EUR) in 2010 and in 2017


As regards total State aid spending on co-financed projects, since 2014, Member States must report the total amount

of co-financed aid, including both national and EU Structural Funds expenditure16.

Compared to 2014, total spending on co-financed projects slightly increased from about 9.3 billion EUR in 2014 to

about 12.5 billion EUR in 2017, of which respectively 68% came from EU funds and 32% from purely national funds.

Compared to 2016, total spending reported in 2017 increased by about 4.2 billion EUR (+50%). The strongest

increases were recorded in Poland (+2.9 billion EUR), France (+364 million EUR), Hungary (+344 million EUR) and

Croatia (+257 million EUR); increases were also recorded in 15 other Member States (See Graph 15). On the contrary,

spending on co-financed projects decreased substantially in Greece (-281 million EUR) and Latvia (-179 million EUR).

These findings reflect the state of implementation of the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESIF) 2014-

202017.

The range of EU programmes currently subject to State aid rules is limited, since EU programmes managed at EU

central level (i.a. COSME, H2020, CEF) include a State aid consistency requirement. However, more than half of EU

funding is channelled through 5 European structural and investment funds (ESIF) in decentralised management18 and

therefore subject to State aid control, unless spending concerns non-economic activities or infrastructure projects

(mostly outside the scope of the State aid rules19). Since, at EU level, the average annual budget of these funds20

16 The corresponding projects are funded under the sole responsibility of the Member States; financing granted under

the Structural Funds qualifies as State aid, since EU funds are integrated in the national budget and Member States are free to select beneficiaries (Art 107 TFEU)

17 https://cohesiondata.ec.europa.eu/overview

18 Jointly managed by the European Commission and Member States

19 In 2017, the Commission continued providing guidance to the Member States' authorities by way of so-called "analytical grids" on the application of State aid rules to the public financing of infrastructure projects, which were

24

under both the 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 programming periods amounts to about 65 billion EUR, the share of annual

EU funding subject to State aid control represented only about 11% on average over the period 2014-2017.

Graph 15 – State aid expenditure in 2016 and 2017 on co-financed projects in the European Union (in billion EUR), excluding Agricultural aid


* The number indicated in parenthesis next to the Member State represents the absolute change in million EUR between 2016 and 2017.

revised in the light of the adoption of the Commission Notice on the notion of State aid in 2016 and the adoption of the revised GBER in 2017.

20 The Cohesion Fund (CF), Youth Employment Initiative (YEI), European Social Fund (ESF) and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) are included in the present statistics; the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) and European Agricultural Fund For Rural Development (EAFRD) are excluded.

25

3. IMPACT OF THE STATE AID MODERNISATION (SAM)

On 8 May 2012, the Commission set out an ambitious State aid reform programme in the Communication on State aid

modernisation (SAM)21. Its objective was to enable Member States to implement State aid that fosters investment,

economic growth and job creation more quickly, while leaving the Commission to focus its State aid control on cases

most liable to distort competition. SAM therefore represented a change in governance of EU State aid policy for the

purpose of better allocation of public resources, higher efficiency and better quality of policy interventions. Among

the key objectives of the reform were tangible cuts in red tape, the promotion of a better use of limited public

resources by Member States and a higher contribution of aid measures to growth.

3.1. GBER uptake

Since 2014, following a significant extension of the General Block Exemption Regulation (GBER)22 as part of the State

Aid Modernisation, there has been a surge in State aid granted without prior notification to the Commission,

indicating an important reduction in red tape. The 2018 State Aid Scoreboard confirms the benefits of the GBER,

which simplifies the aid granting procedure for Member States by authorising - without prior notification - a wide

range of measures fulfilling certain criteria and specific EU objectives which are in the common interest. For the aid

categories covered by the GBER, only cases with the biggest potential to distort competition in the single market still

require a notification and approval by the Commission before they are implemented.

Since 2015, more than 96% of new measures for which expenditure has been reported for the first time fell under the

General Block Exemption Regulation, i.e. an increase of about 28p.p. compared to 2013 (see Graph 16). Looking at all

measures for which expenditure has been reported (and not only new measures), about 82% of all measures were

block exempted in 2017, an increase of respectively about 6p.p. and 22p.p. compared to 2015 and 2013. In terms of

spending, total expenditure on GBER measures in the EU represented about 41.7 billion euros in 2017, i.e. about 38%

of total expenditure. However, when considering a simple average of Member States' practice, it appears that, in

2017, Member States spent on average about 48 % of their total spending on GBER measures, an increase of about

14p.p. compared to 2013.

21 See https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:52012DC0209

22 See Commission Regulation (EU) N°651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty

26

Graph 16 – Use of GBER in State aid measures for which expenditure has been reported in the EU, 2010-2017


In addition to broadening the categories already covered by the previous Block Exemption Regulation, the 2014 GBER

introduced new categories of block-exempted aid: aid to innovation clusters and aid for process and organisational

innovation, aid schemes to make good the damages caused by natural disasters, social aid for transport of residents of

remote regions, aid for broadband infrastructure, aid for culture and heritage conservation (including aid schemes for

audio-visual works), aid for sport and multifunctional recreational infrastructures, and investment aid for local

infrastructure.

A further extension of the GBER was adopted in June 2017. This last revision provides a major simplification for

unproblematic investments in ports and airports23. The revision also makes it easier for public authorities to

compensate companies for the additional costs they face in the EU's outermost regions, and further increases the

maximum amount of aid allowed under the GBER for culture projects (under the rare circumstances that public

funding for culture actually constitutes State aid) and for multi-purpose sports arenas.

Compared to 2016, total GBER spending in 2017 increased for all possible objectives. In particular, GBER spending

strongly increased for broadband and local and multi recreational infrastructures (+129%), for aid to SMEs and risk

finance (+81%), for social support to individual consumers (+ 56%), for research, development and innovation

(+30%), for aid to culture and heritage conservation (+28%) and for employment (+21%) (see Graph 17).

23 In 2017, Member States reported more than 50 million EUR of State aid spending under Article 56 of the GBER, of

which respectively 7 million EUR for inland ports, 39 million EUR for maritime ports and 6 million EUR for regional airports.

27

Graph 17 – Total spending on GBER by objective (in billion EUR) in 2014, 2016 and 2017


The high share of spending under GBER for the above objectives also demonstrates that aid could be disbursed more

quickly (see Graph 18). In particular:

• more than 80% of spending for training, R&D&I and regional development was disbursed under GBER;

• more than 50% of all aid to culture, SMEs (such as aid in the form of risk capital, aid to start-ups and

innovative SMEs) and employment.

As compared to 2014, the share increased substantially for culture (+51p.p.), R&D&I (+45p.p.), SMEs (+27p.p.) and

regional development (+15p.p.). This increase results partly from the efforts made by the Commission to cooperate

with a number of Member States with a view to adjusting certain envisaged measures to bring them in line with the

GBER.

The observed GBER uptake also complements EU policy initiatives such as i.a. the Europe 2020 Strategy; the

Programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and SMEs (COSME); ensuring sufficient flexibility and high amounts

of R&D&I aid in a context of strong global competition; or supporting easier deployment of broadband in line with the

EU Digital Agenda that sets ambitious goals for broadband infrastructure development to support growth in Europe.

28

Graph 18 – Share of spending under GBER by main policy objective in 2014, 2016 and 2017


While the aggregated figures provided above can include spending made under the previous Block Exemption

Regulation24, Table 3 focuses only on the aid disbursed under the new provisions of the 2014 GBER25, by articles, at EU

level:

• Since the application of the 2014 GBER as of 1 July 2014, the largest cumulated share of spending has been

recorded under environmental protection (Arts. 36-49 GBER) i.e. about 37% of total GBER spending, almost

all of which (86%) through Article 44 of GBER i.e. aid in the form of reductions in environmental taxes under

Directive 2003/96/EC;

• The second largest share was recorded for regional aid (Arts. 14-15 GBER) representing about 21% of all

GBER spending, of which about 63% for investment aid (Art. 14 GBER) and 37% for operating aid (Art. 15

GBER);

• A large share of cumulated total GBER spending was also recorded for aid for research, development and

innovation (Arts. 25-30 GBER) representing about 15% of GBER spending, of which about 44% under Art.

25(2)(c) GBER (experimental development), 36% under Art. 25(2)(b) GBER (industrial research) and 14%

under Art. 25(2)(b) GBER (fundamental research);

• SME aid (Arts. 17-24 GBER) represented about 7.5% of total cumulated GBER spending, reported mostly

under Art. 17 GBER, investment aid to SMEs (64%), and Art. 21 GBER, risk finance aid (26%).

• Aid for culture and heritage conservation (Art. 53 GBER) and aid for disadvantaged workers and workers with

disabilities (Arts. 32-35 GBER) represented about 7% and 4% of total cumulated GBER spending respectively. 24 In 2017, about 3.4 billion EUR of state aid was still disbursed under the old Block Exemption Regulation

(Commission Regulation (EU) No 330/2010). Indeed, although aid can only be granted during the applicability of an aid measure (i.e. it is no longer possible to grant any aid under the old BER), the State aid scoreboard focuses on aid spent, after the aided projects have been actually implemented and the beneficiaries have submitted the corresponding expense statements.

25 Commission Regulation (EU) N°651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty.

29

Table 3 – Cumulated total spending by provisions of the current GBER (in million EUR)

2014 2015 2016 2017TOTAL

2014-2017SHARE (%)

1120 2325 3469 5469 12382 12.7%

17 88 28 30 163 0.2%

35 169 182 192 578 0.6%

1810 1746 1911 1438 6905 7.1%

4 4 1 15 25 0.0%

453 896 927 2415 4689 4.8%

2 19 73 108 201 0.2%

0 5 37 54 96 0.1%

0 0 9 22 31 0.0%

24 488 436 432 1380 1.4%

41 120 161 579 900 0.9%

0 0 0 0 0 0.0%

0 0 0 0 0 0.0%

Fundamental research (Art. 25(2)(a)) 66 178 285 1419 1949 2.0%

Industrial research (Art. 25(2)(b)) 90 1106 1610 2371 5176 5.3%

Experimental development (Art. 25(2)(c)) 64 1061 2584 2573 6281 6.4%

Feasibility studies (Art. 25(2)(d)) 1 21 36 39 97 0.1%

8 34 43 145 231 0.2%

7 53 76 131 266 0.3%

20 40 81 155 295 0.3%

0 5 34 54 93 0.1%

0 18 3 7 28 0.0%

23 340 299 440 1101 1.1%

0 94 212 403 708 0.7%

6 970 974 1122 3072 3.2%

3 78 72 75 227 0.2%

0 0 4 0 5 0.0%

9 268 411 412 1099 1.1%

17 172 137 183 508 0.5%

93 101 227 412 834 0.9%

7 10 14 66 97 0.1%

7 14 21 86 128 0.1%

9 163 575 555 1302 1.3%

0 1 0 6 6 0.0%

0 2 5 5 12 0.0%

4070 7625 9627 9952 31274 32.1%

0 41 54 80 176 0.2%

17 42 57 387 504 0.5%

17 4 2 24 47 0.0%

109 2 62 227 400 0.4%

1 34 52 16 102 0.1%

111 167 145 166 588 0.6%

438 430 452 705 2025 2.1%

17 28 250 612 907 0.9%

385 1380 2185 2761 6711 6.9%

52 308 615 817 1791 1.8%

17 146 152 361 677 0.7%

85 155 350 754 1344 1.4%

0 0 0 7 7 0.0%

0 0 0 39 39 0.0%

0 0 0 6 6 0.0%

Investment aid for inland ports (Art. 56c)

Investment aid for maritime ports (Art. 56b)

Investment aid for regional airports (Art. 56a)

Investment aid for local infrastructures (Art. 56)

Aid to make good the damage caused by certain natural disasters (Art. 50)

Social aid for transport for residents of remote regions (Art. 51)

Aid for broadband infrastructure (Art. 52)

Aid for culture and heritage conservation (Art. 53)

Aid schemes for audio-visual works (Art. 54)

Aid for sport and multifunctional recreational infrastructures (Art. 55)

Aid in the form of reductions in environmental taxes under Directive 2003/96/EC (Art. 44)

Investment aid for remediation of contaminated sites (Art. 45)

Investment aid for energy efficient district heating and cooling (Art. 46)

Investment aid for w aste recycling and re-utilisation (Art. 47)

Investment aid for energy infrastructure (Art. 48)

Training aid (Art. 31)

Aid for disadvantaged workers and workers with

disabilities (Art. 32-35)

Aid for environmental protection (Art. 36-49)

Aid for the recruitment of disadvantaged workers in the form of wage subsidies (Article 32)

Aid for the employment of workers with disabilities in the form of wage subsidies (Article 33)

Aid for compensating the additional costs of employing workers w ith disabilities (Art. 34)

Aid for compensating the costs of assistance provided to disadvantaged workers (Art.35)

Investment aid enabling undertakings to go beyond Union standards for environmental protection or increase the level of environmental protection in the absence of Union standards (Art. 36)

Aid for early adaptation to future Union standards for SMEs (Art. 37)

Aid for environmental studies (Art. 49)

Environmental investment aid for energy efficiency measures (Art. 38)

Aid for energy efficiency projects (Art. 39)

Investment aid for high-efficiency cogeneration (Art. 40)

Investment aid for the promotion of energy from renewable energy sources (Art. 41)

Operating aid for the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources (Art. 42)

Operating aid for the promotion of energy from renewable sources in small scale installation (Art. 43)

Aid for start-ups (Art. 22)

SME aid - SMEs' access to finance (Art. 21-22)

SME aid - Aid to alternative trading platforms specialised in SMEs (Art. 23)

SME aid - Aid for scouting costs (Art. 24)

Aid for research, development and innovation

(Art. 25-30)

Aid for research and development projects

(Art. 25)

Aid for the establishment of research infrastructures (Art. 26)

Aid for innovation clusters (Art. 27)

Innovation aid for SMEs (Art. 28)

Aid for process and organisational innovation (Art. 29)

Risk finance aid (Art. 21)

Aid for research and development in the fishery and aquaculture sector (Art. 30)

SME aid (Art. 17-18-19-20)

Investment aid to SMEs (Art. 17)

Aid for consultancy in favour of SMEs (Art. 18)

Aid to SMEs for participation in fairs (Art. 19)

Aid for cooperation costs incurred by SMEs participating in European Territorial Cooperation projects (Art. 20)

Regional aid - Investment aid (Art. 14)

Regional aid - Operating aid (Art. 15)

Regional urban development aid schemes (Art. 16)

Regional aid - investment aid (Art. 14) for scheme

Regional aid - investment aid (Art. 14) for ad-hoc

Transport costs of goods in eligible areas (Art. 15(2)(a))

Additional costs in outermost regions (Art. 15(2)(b))


30

Compared to 2016, it appears that in 2017, the largest increases, in relative terms, have been registered for aid to

SMEs (+120%), aid for broadband infrastructures (+144%), training aid (47%) and R&D&I (+45%) (see Graph 19).

Graph 19 – GBER - Share of spending by main articles in 2016 and 2017


3.2. Enabling faster decisions

The large GBER uptake observed implies that State aid measures were processed more rapidly than in the past. In fact,

the duration for the assessment of notified measures by the Commission has remained broadly stable at about 5

months over the period 2013-2017. However, when taking into account the increasing share of block-exempted

measures implemented by Member States, it appears that, on average, State aid measures can be implemented much

more quickly than in the past. At EU level, the estimated average duration before possible implementation decreased

from about 3.3 months before SAM to about 2.8 months over the period 2016-2017 i.e. a decrease of 15% in the

average duration necessary before the possible granting and implementation of State aid measures (see Graph 20).

31

Graph 20 – Estimated average duration before possible granting/implementation (in months)


3.3. Focus enforcement on cases with the biggest impact on the internal market

While the time needed by the Commission to assess notified measures has remained stable, notified measures that

might seriously harm competition or fragment the Single Market are subject to more careful scrutiny and tend to

cover bigger budgets and spending than in the past (see Graph 21), in line with the Commission's approach to be 'big

on big and small on small'.

In 2017, about 230 cases were notified to the Commission. The average annual budget of notified measures

implemented was about 230 million EUR, an increase of about 18% and 126% compared to 2015 and 2013

respectively. At the same time, average reported spending increased even more steadily to reach about 85 million

EUR per notified measure in 2017, an increase of about 41% and 278% compared to 2015 and 2013 respectively. Also,

at EU level, the consistency between planned amounts (aid budgets) and the actual spending reported has continued

to improve progressively, ranging from about 15% in 2013 to about 25% in 2015 and 31% in 2017.

32

Graph 21 – Average annual budget and spending per implemented measure by type of measure (in million EUR)


3.4. Foster sustainable, smart and inclusive growth

Over time, State aid control has been recalibrated to progressively shift support from sector-specific aid to tackling

horizontal objectives of common interest, including cohesion. While about 50% of total State aid was still allocated to

supporting sectoral development, rescue and restructuring in the early nineties, it currently only represents a very

small proportion of aid disbursed.

In 2017, about 94% of total State aid spending was allocated to horizontal objectives of common interest ("good

aid"), an increase of about 2p.p. and 11p.p. respectively, compared to 2015 and 2010. On the contrary, State aid

spending for rescuing and restructuring companies in difficulty decreased significantly over the last 5 years, by about

15% annually, highlighting the fact that if aid to companies in difficulty is still permitted, stricter conditions apply to

ensure that the most appropriate and transparent restructuring will restore and sustain the company's long-term

viability.

33

Graph 22 – Share of total State aid spending, excluding agricultural aid, for horizontal and non-horizontal objectives


34

4. AID IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS

During the last global financial crisis, the European Commission played a very active role to help Member States

provide a coordinated and effective response. The State aid framework was adapted to focus on financial stability as

an overarching objective, whilst ensuring that the aid and distortions of competition between banks and across

Member States were kept to the minimum.

The 2018 Scoreboard presents State aid (approved and used) to financial institutions in the period 2008-2017, by aid

instrument (see Table 4, Annexes 4 and 5). The data include both the maximum amounts of aid that Member States

were allowed to grant (State aid approved) and the amounts of aid actually disbursed (State aid used). In general, the

amount of approved State aid to the financial sector stabilised and the amount of State aid used further decreased

compared to previous years.

The level of State aid approved in 2017 somewhat increased, compared to 2016, for both capital like-instruments and

liquidity support instruments. More importantly, State aid approved in both 2016 and 2017 remains significant. This is

due to the continued necessity to address pockets of vulnerability remaining in some Member States. Values are

expected to decrease more significantly once those legacy banking cases will have been addressed.

State aid used in 2017 was at its lowest level since the beginning of the crisis, however, except for capital aid

instruments where around EUR 12.1 billion were employed to address legacy cases requiring recapitalisation aid. In

addition, the European banking sector relies less and less on government guarantees, as shown by the reduced use of

liquidity aid support. This continuing decrease of State aid used shows that legacy issues are being addressed, while

the European banking sector is able to find more and more of the necessary liquidity on the market.

Table 4 – Total amounts of State aid to banks approved and used in the EU over the period 2008-2017 (in billion EUR)

35

Disclaimer: The information contained in the tables is provided on a best effort basis and might be subject to future revisions depending on information provided by Member States.

Source: Commission services. For guarantees and other liquidity measures, the amounts represent outstanding aid in a given year and not only the new liquidity aid granted in that year.

36

ANNEX 1 – INFORMATION ON STATE AID MEASURES FOR WHICH REPORTED EXPENDITURE INCREASED/DECREASED

THE MOST IN 2017 COMPARED TO 2016 (AS % OF GDP) BY POLICY OBJECTIVE

ANNEX 1.1 - CLOSURE AID

PL SA.41161

$ - State aid to Polish coal mining in the period 2015-2018

NO NO Scheme 266.0 391.6 125.6 0.028% Closure aid

RO SA.43414

Închiderea unor mine de cărbune în România

NO NO Scheme 0.0 23.1 23.1 0.013% Closure aid

SI N 175/2010

Postponement of the closure of mine Trbovlje Hrastnik Ltd

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 12.5 15.8 3.3 0.008% Closure aid

RO SA.33033

National Hard Coal Company Petroşani (Romania)

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 11.7 8.6 -3.1 -0.002% Closure aid

DE N 708/2007

Coal mine closure plan 2008-2018

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 1161.4 1115.5 -45.9 -0.001% Closure aid

ObjectiveExpenditure (in millions EUR), 2016


Change 2016-2017 in

expenditure

Change 2016-2017 in


Case typeMember State

Case number Working title


Is cofinanced

?

ANNEX 1.2 - COMPENSATION OF DAMAGES CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTER

IT SA.46610

Extension of duration of aid scheme to compensate for damage caused by the earthquakes of May 2012 in Regions Emilia Romagna, Lombardia and Veneto NO NO Scheme 0.0 199.0 199.0 0.012%

Compensation of damages caused by

natural disaster

IT SA.35413

Aid to compensate for damage caused by the earthquakes of May 2012 in Regions Emilia Romagna, Lombardia and Veneto

YES NO Scheme 195.2 0.0 -195.2 -0.011%


natural disaster

IT SA.48912

Concessione di contributi a favore di soggetti privati e attività economiche e produttive ai sensi dell’articolo 1, commi da 422 a 428 della legge 28 dicembre 2015, n. 208 in NO NO Scheme 0.0 74.1 74.1 0.004%


natural disaster

DE SA.41661

Wiederaufbauhilfe Hochwasser 2013

NO NO Scheme 105.8 51.2 -54.7 -0.002%


natural disaster

DE SA.36801

Hochwasserhilfe 2013 Sachsen

NO NO Scheme 36.8 16.5 -20.3 -0.001%


natural disaster

AT SA.48163

Richtlinie für die Vergabe von Elementarschadensbeihilfen nach Schäden durch Naturkatastrophen im Vermögen physischer und juristischer Personen (Unternehmen) NO NO Scheme 0.0 1.9 1.9 0.001%


natural disaster

IT SA.47288

Avviso per la concessione di contributi a Grandi, Medie, Piccole e Micro imprese danneggiate dagli eventi calamitosi del 14-20 ottobre 2015 in attuazione delle DGR n. 401 del 20 NO NO Scheme 10.0 1.5 -8.5 0.000%


natural disaster

BG SA.42408

Схема за предоставяне на безвъзмездна финансова помощ чрез отпуснатите от Европейската комисия средства от фонд „Солидарност” по Заявление YES NO Scheme 0.3 0.1 -0.2 0.000%


natural disaster

BG SA.42541

Схема за предоставяне на безвъзмездна финансова помощ чрез отпуснатите от Европейската комисия средства от фонд „Солидарност” по Заявление YES NO Scheme 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.000%


natural disaster

IT SA.39190

Criteri e modalità per il riconoscimento dei danni e la concessione dei contributi per la riparazione, il ripristino, la ricostruzione di immobili ad uso produttivo e degli impianti NO NO Scheme 0.6 6.7 6.1 0.000%


natural disaster



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?

37

ANNEX 1.3 – CULTURE

LV SA.34462

Programme "Culture"

YES YES Scheme 239.1 71.3 -167.8 -0.630% Culture

HU SA.48779

A fejezeti kezelésű előirányzatok és központi kezelésű előirányzatok kezeléséről és felhasználásáról szóló 58/2015. (XII. 30.) EMMI rendelet - 2016. év NO NO Scheme 0.0 204.8 204.8 0.171% Culture

HU SA.34770

Appropriations of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the National Cultural Fund

NO NO Scheme 271.4 73.9 -197.5 -0.165% Culture

EE SA.46893

Kultuuri edendamise ja kultuuripärandi säilitamise abikava

NO NO Scheme 0.0 30.4 30.4 0.137% Culture

HR SA.43646

Program dodjele potpora za održivu obnovu kulturne baštine

NO YES Scheme 0.0 52.6 52.6 0.109% Culture

HU SA.47505

a Modern Városok Program megvalósításáról szóló 250/2016. (VIII. 24.) Korm. rendelet

NO NO Scheme 33.2 102.9 69.7 0.058% Culture

HU SA.44166

Az előadó-művészeti szervezetek közvetett állami támogatása a 651/2014/EU rendelet alapján

NO NO Scheme 87.0 22.3 -64.6 -0.054% Culture

HU SA.39813

Kultúrát és a kulturális örökség megőrzését előmozdító támogatás nyújtása a Terület- és Településfejlesztési Operatív Program (TOP) alapján NO YES Scheme 45.5 105.1 59.7 0.050% Culture

SK SA.36678

Schéma štátnej pomoci posilnenia kultúrneho potenciálu regiónov

YES NO Scheme 38.5 0.0 -38.5 -0.046% Culture

PL SA.47982

Rozporządzenie Ministra Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego z dnia 28 marca 2017 r. w sprawie udzielania pomocy na kulturę i ochronę dziedzictwa kulturowego w ramach NO YES Scheme 0.0 174.7 174.7 0.038% Culture



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Is cofinanced

?

ANNEX 1.4 – EMPLOYMENT

LT SA.44066

Parama socialinėms įmonėms

NO YES Scheme 0.0 19.7 19.7 0.048% Employment

DK SA.35545

Flexi-job scheme, including new compensation to companies; Social measures in the employment sector NO NO Scheme 842.4 766.3 -76.1 -0.027% Employment

SI SA.43396

Aid to employers for the employment of workers with disabilities

NO NO Scheme 89.1 97.3 8.2 0.020% Employment

BE SA.40612

Professionele integratie Personen met een handicap

YES NO Scheme 68.1 0.1 -67.9 -0.016% Employment

BE SA.46225

Professionele integratie van personen met een handicap - VOP (loonsubsidies)


HU SA.40495

A megváltozott munkaképességű munkavállalók foglalkoztatásához nyújtható költségvetési támogatások


PL SA.40525

Wage subsidies for workers with disabilities


IT SA.47680

Incentivo Occupazione Sud

NO YES Scheme 0.0 179.7 179.7 0.011% Employment

PT X 952/2009

Benefícios contratuais ao investimento produtivo

NO NO Scheme 13.5 0.8 -12.7 -0.007% Employment

LT SA.43298

Parama neįgaliesiems socialinėse įmonėse

NO YES Scheme 11.8 9.3 -2.6 -0.006% Employment



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?

38

ANNEX 1.5 - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INCLUDING ENERGY SAVING

DE SA.45461

EEG 2017 - Reform of the Renewable Energy Law

NO NO Scheme 0.0 29467.0 29467.0 0.913%Environmental

protection

DE SA.38632

EEG 2014

YES NO Scheme 27589.5 0.0 -27589.5 -0.855%Environmental

protection

HR SA.38406

Renewables support scheme in Croatia 2014-2015

NO NO Scheme 195.8 35.2 -160.6 -0.334%Environmental

protection

BG SA.44840

2011 Bulgarian RES support scheme


protection

EE SA.48504

Erimärgistatud diislikütuse aktsiisisoodustus põllumajandussektoris 4


protection

LT SA.45954

Lengvatiniu akcizo mokesčiu apmokestintų gazolių įsigijimas (žemės ūkio sektorius) (schemos SA.45123 pakeitimas)


protection

EE SA.45430

Erimärgistatud diislikütuse aktsiisisoodustus põllumajandussektoris 3

NO NO Scheme 37.5 21.5 -16.0 -0.072%Environmental

protection

HU SA.39826

Környezetvédelemhez nyújtott támogatás a Környezeti és Energiahatékonysági Operatív Programból (KEHOP)

NO YES Scheme 0.0 84.9 84.9 0.071% Renewable energy

HU SA.44076

RES support scheme - METÁR


protection

LT SA.45123

Lengvatiniu akcizo mokesčiu apmokestintų gazolių įsigijimas (žemės ūkio sektorius) (schemos SA.42503 pakeitimas)

YES NO Scheme 25.9 0.0 -25.9 -0.063%Environmental

protection



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ANNEX 1.6 - HERITAGE CONSERVATION

CZ SA.36361

Program CZ 06 "Cultural heritage and Contemporary Art"

NO NO Scheme 8.4 0.0 -8.4 -0.005% Heritage conservation

PL SA.36222

Modification of the aid to promote cultural heritage conservation in salt mine of Wieliczka (ex NN 66/2010)

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 14.3 17.6 3.4 0.001% Heritage conservation

CY SA.34906

Development of Cyprus Handicraft

YES NO Scheme 0.7 0.6 -0.1 0.000% Heritage conservation

PL SA.36221

Modification of the aid to promote cultural heritage conservation in salt mine of Bochnia (ex NN 67/2010)

YES NO Ad Hoc Case 3.7 4.1 0.5 0.000% Heritage conservation

PL SA.36358

Grants for archeological research

NO NO Scheme 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.000% Heritage conservation

PL SA.38122

Aid to promote heritage conservation in the 'Guido' and 'Królowa Luiza' coal mines

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 1.4 1.4 0.0 0.000% Heritage conservation



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?

39

ANNEX 1.7 - PROMOTION OF EXPORT AND INTERNATIONALISATION

ES SA.35550

'Spanish Goodwill III' - tax amortisation of financial goodwill for foreign shareholding acquisitions

NO NO Scheme 0.0 743.4 743.4 0.064%



FI 93-018E

Finnfund (Finnish Fund for Industrial Cooperation)

NO NO Scheme 6.7 10.0 3.3 0.002%



FI 94-050E

Yritysten kansainvälistyminen Internationalisation support of businesses

NO NO Scheme 3.3 0.0 -3.3 -0.002%



BE NN 76/1995

MESURES EN FAVEIR DE LA PROMOTION DE L'EXPORTATION (REGION FLAMANDE)

NO NO Scheme 6.0 8.1 2.1 0.000%



IT SARI_510519

Legge 394/81 Penetrazione commerciale all'estero art.2

NO NO Scheme 15.6 9.9 -5.7 0.000%



LU SARI_503598

Mesures et interventions destinées à faciliter l'expansion commerciale à l'étranger

NO NO Scheme 2.0 2.2 0.2 0.000%



IT NN 124/1992

Mesures concernant la participation d'entreprises italiennes à des sociétés mixtes à l'étranger

NO NO Scheme 10.6 7.5 -3.1 0.000%



IT 526/1982

Contributi in conto interessi per credito all'esportazione (Legge. 227/77 Ossola e 526/82)

NO NO Scheme 6.4 3.6 -2.8 0.000%



BE N 636/1998

MODIFICATION D'UN REGIME D'AIDE - PROMOTION DE L'EXPORTATION

NO NO Scheme 2.6 3.0 0.5 0.000%



DE N 313/1989

MESURES EN FAVEUR DE LA PARTICIPATION DES PME AUX FOIRES ET EXPOSITIONS

NO NO Scheme 0.5 0.2 -0.4 0.000%






Is cofinanced

?Objective



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expenditure

Change 2016-2017 in


ANNEX 1.8 - REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

BG SA.49455

BG16RFOP002-2.001 „Подобряване на производствения капацитет в МСП“

NO YES Scheme 0.0 116.7 116.7 0.237% Regional development

HR SA.43615

Program dodjele državnih potpora za razvoj poslovne infrastrukture

NO YES Scheme 0.0 81.8 81.8 0.170% Regional development

MT SA.39234

Investment Aid Tax Credits 2014 - 2020

NO NO Scheme 0.8 14.0 13.2 0.125% Regional development

HR SA.43431

Law on the promotion of the investment

NO NO Scheme 72.0 12.0 -60.0 -0.125% Regional development

HU SA.48680

Evaluation plan for Government decree 210/2014 (VIII.27.) concerning the use of investment incentives


HU SA.48382

Regional investment aid to MOL Petrolkémia Zrt


HR SA.41699

Program dodijele državnih potpora za povećanje razvoja novih proizvoda i usluga koji proizlaze iz aktivnosti istraživanja i razvoja NO YES Scheme 0.0 45.8 45.8 0.095% Regional development

BG SA.41940

Improving the production capacity in SMEs

NO YES Scheme 46.6 0.0 -46.6 -0.095% Regional development

HU SA.39476

A beruházás ösztönzési célelőirányzat felhasználásáról 210/2014 (VIII.27.) korm. rendelet

YES NO Scheme 194.4 87.9 -106.5 -0.089% Regional development

SK XR 62/2008

State aid scheme to support the introduction of innovative and advanced technologies in industry and services

YES YES Scheme 70.0 0.0 -70.0 -0.083% Regional development



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?

40

ANNEX 1.9 - RESCUE & RESTRUCTURING

BE SA.33926

Interventions de la région wallonne en faveur de Duferco

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 0.0 166.9 166.9 0.038% Rescue & Restructure

HR SA.36143

Pre-accession Croatia – 3.Maj

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 23.6 17.9 -5.7 -0.012% Rescue & Restructure

CZ CZ 46/2003

Postovni Banka/CSOB/IPB


HR SA.36133

Pre-accession Croatia – Brodosplit


ES SA.36387

Aid to Valencia football clubs


NL SA.41612

Aid to Dutch Football Club MVV

YES NO Ad Hoc Case 3.6 0.0 -3.6 0.000% Rescue & Restructure

NL SA.41614

Aid to Dutch Football Club Den Bosch


IT SA.48050

Rescue aid to airport Marche Ancona

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 0.0 7.2 7.2 0.000% Rescue & Restructure

NL SA.40168

The Netherlands - State aid for the professional football club Willem II in Tilburg


AT SA.40973

R&R aid scheme "Unternehmenserhaltende Maßnahmen" for SMEs in Carinthia (Austria)

NO NO Scheme 0.6 0.0 -0.6 0.000% Rescue & Restructure



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Is cofinanced

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ANNEX 1.10 - RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT INCLUDING INNOVATION

PL SA.41471

National Research and Development Centre - evaluation plan

NO YES Scheme 355.3 880.3 524.9 0.115%


Innovation

UK SA.32768

R&D tax credit and Vaccine research relief

NO NO Scheme 1647.4 0.0 -1647.4 -0.070%


Innovation

HU SA.39819

Research and development and innovation support from the Economic Development and Innovation Operational Program (GINOP) NO YES Scheme 163.8 241.8 78.1 0.065%


Innovation

LU SA.44155

Prolongation du régime d''aide aux projets ou programmes de recherche-développement (Chapitre 2) et du régime d''aide à l''innovation de procédé et d''organisation dans les YES NO Scheme 31.4 0.0 -31.4 -0.054%


Innovation

LU SA.47235

Prolongation du régime d''aide aux projets ou programmes de recherche-développement (chapitre 2) et du régime d''aide à l''innovation de procédé et d''organisation dans les NO NO Scheme 0.0 28.6 28.6 0.049%


Innovation

UK SA.41386

SME R&D Tax Credits - evaluation plan

NO NO Scheme 0.0 1049.4 1049.4 0.045%


Innovation

HU SA.39829

Kutatási-fejlesztési támogatás a Versenyképes Közép-Magyarország Operatív Programból (VEKOP)

NO YES Scheme 0.0 53.1 53.1 0.044%


Innovation

SI SA.44404

Program za spodbujanje raziskav in razvoja MIZŠ na področju znanosti za obdobje 2016 - 2020

NO YES Scheme 0.0 18.1 18.1 0.043%


Innovation

HU SA.40611

A Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Alapból nyújtott állami támogatások

NO NO Scheme 90.7 137.2 46.5 0.039%


Innovation

HU SA.40611

A Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovációs Alapból nyújtott állami támogatások

NO NO Scheme 90.7 137.2 46.5 0.039%


Innovation



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?

41

ANNEX 1.11 - SECTORAL DEVELOPMENT

MT SARI_498068

Export Incentive Scheme (Art 5 of the Business Promotion Act, BPA)

NO NO Scheme 26.0 39.4 13.4 0.128% Sectoral development

LV SA.43140

Support to renewable energy and CHP


PL C 43/2005

Stranded costs compensations in Poland

NO NO vidual Applica 427.3 63.5 -363.8 -0.080% Sectoral development

PL SA.39050

Aid to gas infrastructure in Poland

NO YES Ad Hoc Case 0.0 229.3 229.3 0.050% Sectoral development

CY N 37/2010

Cyprus Tonnage Tax Scheme


HU SA.31722

Sport infrastructure development scheme

NO NO Scheme 44.6 4.0 -40.6 -0.034% Sectoral development

EL SA.37860

Prolongation of Broadband Network Development in White Rural Areas of Greece

NO YES Scheme 60.2 0.0 -60.2 -0.033% Sectoral development

EL SA.36878

Reset of Greek Motorway Concession Projects - Olympia Odos

NO YES Ad Hoc Case 50.0 0.0 -50.0 -0.028% Sectoral development

PL SA.34982

Individual aid to GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. for gas transmission networks in Poland

NO YES Ad Hoc Case 200.0 76.9 -123.1 -0.027% Sectoral development

HU SA.48265

Extension of the Hungarian Sport Support Scheme to Volleyball




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Is cofinanced

?

ANNEX 1.12 - SME INCLUDING RISK CAPITAL

HR SA.41208

Program dodjele državnih potpora za razvoj malog i srednjeg poduzetništva

NO YES Scheme 39.9 103.2 63.2 0.131% SMEs

IT SA.41830

Interventi regionali per agevolare l''accesso al credito nel settore commercio

NO NO Scheme 1.6 751.0 749.4 0.044% SMEs

HU SA.43426

A Corvinus Kockázati Tőkealap Kezelő Zrt. Általános Csoportmentességi Rendelet alapján nyújtott támogatásai

NO NO Scheme 2.7 28.3 25.5 0.021% SMEs

EL SA.34338

JEREMIE Early Stage ICT Venture Capital Fund and Seed/Technology Transfer ICT Fund Financial Instruments

NO YES Scheme 38.2 0.0 -38.2 -0.021% Risk capital

HR SA.43316

Program dodjele državnih potpora za podršku razvoju malih i srednjih poduzetnika u turizmu

NO YES Scheme 9.1 0.0 -9.1 -0.019% SMEs

IT SA.41256

FSC Marche 2000/06 e 2007/13 - Disposizioni attuative degli “Interventi per incremento e stabilizzazione dell’occupazione attraverso ricerca, creazione e sviluppo di NO NO Scheme 0.0 285.2 285.2 0.017% SMEs

BG X 395/2010

Appel à manifestation d'intérêt № JER-009 / 1 pour la sélection des intermédiaires financiers qui reçoivent des fonds du Fonds Holding titre de l'initiative JEREMIE en YES YES Scheme 7.4 0.0 -7.4 -0.015% Risk capital

CY XS 72/2008

Desmi Programmaton gia Ereyna, Tehnologiki Anaptyksi kai Kainotomia 2008

YES NO Scheme 2.7 0.0 -2.7 -0.015% SMEs

PL SA.41471

National Research and Development Centre - evaluation plan

NO YES Scheme 3.5 67.6 64.1 0.014% SMEs

DE SA.49191

Bund-Länder-Gemeinschaftsaufgabe "Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur" – gewerbliche Wirtschaft

NO NO Scheme 0.0 390.3 390.3 0.012% SMEs



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?

42

ANNEX 1.13 - SOCIAL SUPPORT TO INDIVIDUAL CONSUMERS

ES SA.48757

TRTEL - Subvenciones al transporte aéreo de residentes en regiones no peninsulares

NO NO Scheme 0.0 344.1 344.1 0.030%Social support to

individual consumers

FR C 43/2006

réforme du mode de financement des retraites des fonctionnaires de l’Etat rattachés à La Poste

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 3475.0 3133.0 -342.0 -0.015%Social support to


ES SA.39450

SUBVENCIONES AL TRANSPORTE AÉREO DE RESIDENTES EN REGIONES NO PENINSULARES

YES NO Scheme 351.9 230.0 -121.9 -0.011%Social support to


PT N 471/2007

Régime d'aide à caractère social aux transports aériens de la région autonome de Madeira



ES SA.41993

TRTEL - Subvenciones al transporte marítimo de pasajeros residentes en regiones no peninsulares



ES SA.45138

TRTEL - Bonificaciones al transporte marítimo interinsular e intrainsular de viajeros residentes en Canarias



UK SA.40925

Air discount scheme



FR N 911/2006

Aide à la protection sociale complémentaire des agents de l'État

NO NO Scheme 24.4 18.0 -6.4 0.000%Social support to


FR SA.39987

Modification of a social aid scheme for the benefit of certain French overseas territory residents



FR SA.42680

Régime d'aides visant à l'instauration d’un dispositif d’accompagnement temporaire de certains foyers lors des opérations de libération de la bande 700 MHz au profit des NO NO Scheme 4.0 0.1 -3.9 0.000%

Social support to individual consumers



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?

ANNEX 1.14 – TRAINING

HR SA.44541

Potpore za zapošljavanje i usavršavanje

YES YES Scheme 15.8 0.0 -15.8 -0.033% Training

HR SA.47715

Program potpora za zapošljavanje i usavršavanje u nadležnosti Hrvatskog zavoda za zapošljavanje u 2017. godini

NO YES Scheme 0.0 15.3 15.3 0.032% Training

HR SA.47678

Program poticaja pri zapošljavanju osoba s invaliditetom za 2017.-2018.

NO NO Scheme 0.0 8.0 8.0 0.017% Training

HR SA.41073

PROGRAM POTICAJA PRI ZAPOŠLJAVANJU OSOBA S IVALIDITETOM ZA 2015-2016

YES NO Scheme 6.4 0.0 -6.4 -0.013% Training

NL SA.50131

Subsidie opleidingen SectorplanPlus

NO NO Scheme 0.0 80.0 80.0 0.011% Training

LV SA.43578

Atbalsts nodarbināto apmācībām pirmā projektu iesniegumu atlases kārta


LV SA.37261

Atbalsts nodarbināto apmācībām komersantu konkurētspējas veicināšanai — atbalsts partnerībās organizētām apmācībām - 2.kārta NO YES Scheme 1.6 0.0 -1.6 -0.006% Training

MT SA.48048

Investing in Skills (IIS)


LT SA.43473

2014–2020 metų Europos Sąjungos fondų investicijų veiksmų programos 9 prioriteto „Visuomenės švietimas ir žmogiškųjų išteklių potencialo didinimas“ priemonės Nr. 09.4.3-ESFA-K- NO YES Scheme 0.5 2.3 1.7 0.004% Training

IT SA.34883

Regime di aiuti alla formazione Fondi Interprofessionali per la formazione continua

NO NO Scheme 58.5 8.6 -49.9 -0.003% Training



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?

43

ANNEX 1.15 – OTHER

HU SA.39814

Helyi infrastruktúra fejlesztéséhez nyújtott beruházási támogatás a Terület- és Településfejlesztési Operatív Program (TOP) alapján NO YES Scheme 98.9 297.5 198.6 0.166% Other

HU SA.43058

A fejezeti kezelésű előirányzatok kezeléséről és felhasználásáról szóló 28/2015. (VI. 3.) NFM rendelet alapján az általános csoportmentességi rendelet szabályainak NO NO Scheme 69.1 240.7 171.6 0.143% Other

SE SA.38469

Sheltered employment in Sweden

NO NO Ad Hoc Case 0.0 529.4 529.4 0.110% Other

HU SA.39836

Broadband infrastructure in Hungary (GINOP)

NO YES Scheme 136.3 8.1 -128.2 -0.107% Other

BE SA.37667

Excess Profit exemption in Belgium – Art. 185§2 b) CIR92

YES NO Scheme 391.2 0.0 -391.2 -0.090% Other

PL SA.43484

Evaluation plan for broadband infrastructure Digital Poland 2014-2020

NO YES Scheme 60.7 461.0 400.4 0.088% Other

EL SA.38968

Transitory electricity flexibility remuneration mechanism (FRM)

YES NO Scheme 112.6 159.9 47.3 0.026% Other

LV SA.36904

MLB development segment and creation of the Latvian Single Development Institution

NO YES Ad Hoc Case 0.5 6.5 6.0 0.022% Other

PL SA.43141

Pomoc inwestycyjna na infrastrukturę lokalną w ramach regionalnych programów operacyjnych na lata 2014-2020

NO YES Scheme 6.0 87.7 81.8 0.018% Other

FI SA.46556

Aid to the central and regional trotting tracks in Finland

NO NO Scheme 0.0 31.0 31.0 0.014% Other



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?

44

ANNEX 2 – TOTAL STATE AID SPENDING

[0.2 - 0.3]

[0.3 - 0.33]

[0.33 - 0.46]

[0.46 - 0.52]

[0.52 - 0.78]

[0.78 - 0.92]

[0.92 - 1.09]

[1.09 - 1.41]

[1.41 - 1.57]

[1.57 - 2.67]

Total State aid expenditure as % of GDP in 2017, less railways

0.5

0.53

1.48

0.6

1.51

1.31

1.56

0.31

1.07

0.96

0.76 2.67

0.23

0.34

1.09

0.29

1.77

0.8

0.33 1.59

0.45

0.50.88

0.91

0.32

0.29

0.38

1.23

45

[-0.7 - -0.11]

[-0.11 - -0.08]

[-0.08 - -0.05]

[-0.05 - 0]

[0 - 0.04]

[0.04 - 0.06]

[0.06 - 0.09]

[0.09 - 0.17]

[0.17 - 0.28]

[0.28 - 0.5]

Total State aid expenditure as % of GDP, p.p. change over 2016-2017, less railways

-0.05

-0.07

0.33

-0.1

0.07

0

-0.08

0.06

0.21

0.03

0.07 0.5

0.03

0.1

0.22

-0.07

-0.68

0.26

-0.01 0.46

0.04

-0.120.06

0.12

-0.15

-0.11

-0.02

0.09

46

ANNEX 3 – SHARE OF STATE AID SPENDING BY OBJECTIVE IN 2010 AND 2017, EXCLUDING

RAILWAYS AND AGRICULTURAL AID

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%Closure aid Compensation of damages

caused by natural disasterobjective

Culture

Employment

Environmental protection inclEnergy saving objective


Promotion of export andinternationalisation objective

Regional developmentRescue & Restructure

Research and developmentincl Innovation



Social support to individualconsumers

Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Belgium - 2017

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%Closure aid Compensation of damages


Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Bulgaria - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Bulgaria - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Czech Republic - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Czech Republic - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Belgium - 2010

47

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Denmark - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Denmark - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Germany - 2010

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%60%

70%80%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Germany - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Estonia - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Estonia - 2017

48

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Ireland - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Ireland - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Greece - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Greece - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Spain - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Spain - 2017

49

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - France - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - France - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Croatia - 2010

0%5%

10%15%

20%25%30%

35%40%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Croatia - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Italy - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Italy - 2017

50

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Cyprus - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Cyprus - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Latvia - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Latvia - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Lithuania - 2010

0%5%

10%15%

20%25%30%

35%40%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Lithuania - 2017

51

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Luxembourg - 2010

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Luxembourg - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Hungary - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Hungary - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Malta - 2010

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Malta - 2017

52

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Netherlands - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Netherlands - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Austria - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Austria - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Poland - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Poland - 2017

53

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Portugal - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Portugal - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Romania - 2010

0%10%

20%30%

40%50%60%

70%80%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Romania - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Slovenia - 2010

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Slovenia - 2017

54

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Slovakia - 2010

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Slovakia - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Finland - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Finland - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Sweden - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - Sweden - 2017

55

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - United Kingdom - 2010

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - United Kingdom - 2017

0%5%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - European Union - 2010

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%



Culture

Employment









Training

Other

Share of SA spending by objective - European Union - 2017

56

ANNEX 4 –STATE AID TO BANKS – APPROVED (ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS IN BILLION EUR)

1. Recapitalisations

Member State 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Total, 2008-2017Belgium 12.9 5.0 2.5 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.3Bulgaria 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Czech Republic 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Denmark 0.5 13.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 14.6Germany 99.3 11.0 0.7 2.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 114.6

Estonia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Ireland 0.0 12.5 52.1 26.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.8 0.8 93.2Greece 5.0 0.0 10.0 0.5 20.3 0.9 12.4 10.6 0.0 0.0 59.6

Spain 0.0 0.0 101.1 0.0 72.6 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 174.3France 23.5 0.5 2.7 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.2Croatia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Italy 20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 11.3 37.1Cyprus 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 1.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 3.5Latvia 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8

Lithuania 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9Luxembourg 2.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5

Hungary 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Netherlands 26.6 0.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.8Austria 15.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 3.2 21.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40.1Poland 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 29.3 0.0 0.8 0.8 7.7 7.6 50.8

Portugal 0.0 4.0 0.0 8.0 14.3 1.1 4.9 2.6 0.0 5.9 40.7Romania 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Slovenia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 3.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.5Slovakia 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7Finland 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.0

Sweden 0.3 4.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0United Kingdom 64.1 47.6 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 114.6

Total 269.9 110.0 184.0 37.5 150.8 29.6 20.3 18.8 8.5 25.7 855.1

2. Impaired asset measures







Hungary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 4.8 338.5 78.0 6.3 157.5 14.7 3.5 1.0 0.0 0.0 604.3

57

3. Guarantees

Member State 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Maximum, 2008-2017Belgium 275.8 1.0 0.0 27.2 21.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275.8Bulgaria 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0






Hungary 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 3,097.3 87.6 54.8 179.7 275.8 76.0 38.7 165.4 310.7 328.5 3,415.7

4. Other liquidity measures







Hungary 0.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 85.5 5.5 66.8 50.2 37.5 9.7 1.7 0.0 0.0 14.2 243.0

58

ANNEX 5 –STATE AID TO BANKS – USED (ABSOLUTE AMOUNTS IN BILLION EUR)

1. Recapitalisations







Hungary 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 115.2 90.7 93.5 35.0 90.8 20.5 7.6 11.3 0.0 11.3 475.9

2. Impaired asset measures







Hungary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 9.8 79.5 54.0 0.0 35.4 9.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 189.2

59

3. Guarantees







Hungary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 400.4 835.8 799.8 589.0 492.1 352.3 204.5 170.6 126.1 110.8 1,188.1

4. Other liquidity measures







Hungary 0.0 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5Malta 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0




Total 22.2 70.1 62.6 60.6 44.3 34.6 31.6 21.8 12.4 10.9 108.4

60

ANNEX 6 –COUNTRY FICHES (IN MILLION EUR, CURRENT PRICES)

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Total State aid, less railways (1+2) 2119.6 2255.7 1697.4 1576.6 1664.6 1808.9 2089.5 2528.1 2317.7

(1) Non-Agricultural Aid 2073.4 2147.8 1612.9 1503.5 1571.0 1705.8 2034.7 2488.1 2204.8

of which (by objective)

Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Compensation of damages caused by natural disaster 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Culture 73.7 78.2 51.9 113.6 158.8 489.1 573.4 589.9 483.9

Employment 112.8 127.0 125.9 134.0 148.7 142.3 135.3 130.5 118.9

Environmental protection incl Energy saving 1.9 440.6 329.7 299.0 445.0 123.3 54.9 74.4 93.1

Heritage conservation 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Promotion of export and internationalisation 7.6 7.8 9.7 9.1 8.3 9.4 8.1 8.6 11.2

Regional development 104.5 120.3 111.1 82.2 99.2 123.5 69.8 99.1 131.9

Rescue & Restructure 0.0 0.0 109.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166.9

Research and development incl Innovation 865.1 882.9 370.2 421.7 364.3 428.5 905.6 759.8 813.7

Sectoral development 326.2 218.7 266.2 206.2 155.2 206.2 148.5 233.6 196.4

SME incl risk capital 234.1 230.0 189.0 199.1 145.6 151.1 105.2 149.4 127.8

Social support to individual consumers 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Training 59.0 42.3 49.4 38.8 45.8 32.5 33.8 48.9 48.2

Other 288.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 393.9 13.0

of which (by aid instrument)

Equity participation 7.4 10.5 119.7 12.1 8.9 7.8 9.6 8.0 164.8

Grant 1059.8 1079.9 931.7 888.8 868.0 1277.5 1069.8 1117.5 1188.4

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 74.8 60.5 38.4 52.3 71.1 67.4 59.6 9.3 21.1

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 931.5 996.9 523.0 550.3 622.9 353.1 895.7 1353.3 829.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

of which

Co-financed 195.7 197.9 160.6 208.8 184.1 206.8 173.6 79.4 115.8

Not co-financed 1877.7 1949.9 1452.3 1294.7 1386.8 1499.0 1861.1 2408.7 2089.0

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) 46.2 107.9 84.5 73.0 93.6 103.1 54.9 40.0 112.9

of which

Agriculture and rural development 45.7 107.9 84.5 73.0 91.6 103.1 54.9 40.0 112.9

Aid granted to fisheries and aquaculture 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Transport aid (excluding railways) 326.2 218.7 418.7 206.2 155.2 170.5 111.1 154.1 67.3

of which

Road 22.4 16.3 15.3 12.1 7.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maritime transport 296.2 193.6 394.8 190.7 144.3 166.4 104.8 145.9 56.3

Inland water transport 7.5 8.7 8.5 2.4 2.8 3.6 5.9 7.9 10.8

Air transport 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2

Belgium2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 2,462.0 2,929.0 3,239.0 2,900.8 3,120.7 3,113.2 2,987.9 2,936.6 2,949.9

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 965.1 993.5 1125.0 1121.8 1108.0 1218.8

Infrastructure and other aid : : : 1935.7 2127.2 1988.2 1866.2 1828.7 1731.1

Belgium

61




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 0.0 4.6 5.2 6.2 6.5 6.1 8.1 8.3 7.2

Employment 0.0 3.5 0.0 7.8 9.5 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.7










Training 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 1.4 0.2



Grant 26.2 12.2 12.9 26.2 39.3 147.6 222.6 117.6 161.5

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 11.4 11.7 7.0 0.1

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 2.9 6.7 10.0 5.7 7.3 0.7 6.0 41.2 49.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 308.1 308.1 308.1 308.1 322.3 452.2

of which

Co-financed 14.3 4.5 6.3 17.1 28.7 143.3 199.3 79.1 128.8

Not co-financed 14.7 14.4 16.7 322.9 326.2 324.6 349.1 409.1 534.1


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Bulgaria2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 155.0 168.0 173.0 107.4 107.0 181.3 237.9 111.8 113.1

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 86.5 86.6 97.0 91.9 89.3 88.5


Bulgaria

62




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 0.0 7.1 19.4 24.2 25.1 51.0 54.7 75.1 121.8

Employment 2.3 1.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1










Training 10.9 12.9 6.1 6.3 1.8 2.7 0.5 0.4 1.1

Other 71.8 75.1 77.2 118.6 114.8 111.1 119.2 140.8 164.9



Grant 645.8 805.9 1022.2 1197.4 1153.6 1235.4 1670.5 659.9 908.3

Guarantee 67.6 119.0 16.0 18.1 0.0 4.7 2.7 19.0 0.1

Soft loan 2.2 6.1 9.8 7.2 1.4 1.1 2.4 0.0 0.9

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 69.5 56.3 206.3 194.4 442.6 349.7 254.8 221.8 196.3

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 4.5 1408.0 1570.5

of which

Co-financed 305.4 413.9 592.5 742.6 709.6 700.0 914.5 44.9 178.9

Not co-financed 479.7 573.4 662.0 674.5 888.0 891.5 1020.4 2263.7 2497.3


of which




of which

Road 18.9 10.1 4.7 14.2 8.4 7.1 2.9 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 5.9 3.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Czech Republic2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 499.0 0.0 0.0 1,254.4 516.3 496.0 498.9 #VALUE! #VALUE!

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 501.0 504.5 496.0 498.9 170.1 180.8

Infrastructure and other aid : : : 753.4 11.8 0.0 0.0 : :

Czechia

63




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 34.9 37.4 39.1 37.7 47.6 42.0 60.2 65.2 71.0

Employment 1242.3 1301.0 1405.2 1336.9 1330.4 1155.8 1016.3 946.8 868.6










Training 9.0 7.5 9.3 6.5 2.5 2.4 10.3 3.3 2.7

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.1 56.9 61.3 53.1



Grant 1910.6 1829.0 2015.4 2112.5 2117.2 2085.1 2144.7 2090.8 1890.9

Guarantee 0.8 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 4.6 10.8 9.9 17.9 16.1 17.7 18.4 19.3 12.2

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 152.3 151.4 134.7 255.9 260.6 247.2 1091.8 2302.5 2448.4

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.5 31.5 31.4

of which

Co-financed 24.7 16.6 17.5 7.9 8.0 36.3 96.8 96.8 55.3

Not co-financed 2043.7 1983.8 2153.5 2388.0 2398.1 2329.0 3182.6 4363.2 4341.5


of which




of which

Road 3.7 1.6 2.0 2.6 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.5

Denmark2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 1,140.0 1,195.0 1,281.0 580.9 563.9 602.2 625.0 591.3 623.5

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 578.6 557.8 599.2 622.2 588.7 620.8


Denmark

64




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 1450.3 1433.5 1496.3 1511.6 1420.6 1161.4 1115.5


Culture 195.6 214.6 225.6 229.4 212.1 270.4 842.8 698.3 481.0

Employment 6.1 65.4 33.6 51.6 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0










Training 105.2 130.2 156.1 170.2 156.6 157.9 122.0 64.2 61.9

Other 140.2 138.9 137.8 113.4 183.6 98.2 239.9 616.3 701.6



Grant 8808.0 7295.9 6737.9 5736.9 5930.1 24908.5 26625.0 30084.9 31937.5

Guarantee 1649.3 1759.2 1518.5 1509.0 1346.3 1464.3 7.4 11.3 24.5

Soft loan 299.1 153.3 232.9 346.1 179.9 190.9 183.7 135.8 147.6

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 6703.0 5260.0 3855.9 4574.0 5112.1 10037.5 9217.8 10057.2 10115.0

Other 0.0 650.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.8 28.1 51.6 63.1

of which

Co-financed 953.8 656.0 548.9 549.4 531.3 530.6 587.6 447.7 570.8

Not co-financed 16530.1 14498.3 11821.1 11641.7 12070.4 36117.6 35507.0 39916.1 41742.5

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) 822.7 762.4 908.0 879.0 1,005.9 1,026.4 964.2 1,025.1 548.5

of which




of which

Road 72.2 35.6 90.8 90.6 49.9 61.3 500.3 499.7 32.0



Air transport 29.0 13.7 59.5 103.2 45.1 127.5 3.8 0.8 3.2

Other transport 52.3 57.5 57.4 4.7 5.0 3.5 0.5 0.0 5.6

Germany2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 4533.0 4549.0 5054.0 5926.0 5866.7 6000.0


Germany

65




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 4.6 4.5 4.9 4.9 5.2 6.2 6.3 9.8 42.3

Employment 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 3.3 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.1










Training 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0

Other -1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 6.1 9.8



Grant 9.9 8.6 15.7 30.9 84.2 155.3 156.8 123.7 177.7

Guarantee 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2

Soft loan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 1.0 5.6 2.9 0.2 0.2 0.0 37.0 48.0 57.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9

of which

Co-financed 5.1 3.9 8.3 16.8 15.4 47.9 44.2 9.6 24.1

Not co-financed 6.3 10.8 10.6 14.4 69.2 107.4 149.7 162.8 211.8


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 8.5

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Estonia2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 19.2 20.2 14.0 15.2 15.6 15.5


Estonia

66




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 82.4 123.5 91.8 119.7 170.2 265.4 70.8 28.3 27.0

Employment 13.4 14.8 12.8 16.2 9.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0










Training 39.3 38.5 31.5 27.2 24.6 28.3 30.6 30.5 37.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.5



Grant 301.8 374.7 305.5 276.6 616.2 279.6 264.2 367.4 473.8

Guarantee 0.2 0.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 7.4 6.4 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 17.4 71.4 3.1 12.3 10.9 10.9 9.1 0.0 12.7

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 460.4 503.4 359.6 258.3 270.7 359.5 144.8 37.7 40.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.7 1.6

of which

Co-financed 47.4 49.8 15.8 11.3 9.7 23.8 0.2 : :

Not co-financed 732.4 899.8 653.1 536.7 888.9 633.6 426.6 406.9 528.3


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.7 0.8 7.3 6.4 0.0 0.0



Air transport 4.7 2.6 4.0 3.7 3.5 3.0 0.8 0.0 0.8

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 22.6 13.1 1.3 1.0

Ireland2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 166.3 127.0 0.0 73.7 82.4 114.8


Ireland

67




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 2.2 1.9 1.4 1.7 3.1 3.6 1.8 0.6 0.6

Employment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 20.2 1.3 8.4










Training 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0

Other 13.5 12.4 12.0 120.1 0.3 13.4 10.9 119.6 165.4



Grant 803.2 762.5 717.7 352.1 716.3 567.8 467.7 535.4 425.8

Guarantee 699.8 922.4 1472.0 1322.1 1913.9 1031.3 1640.1 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 434.3 51.2 29.0 25.2 24.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1

Other 14.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4

of which

Co-financed 1031.8 765.9 713.8 350.8 694.6 554.4 509.0 480.7 199.4

Not co-financed 965.0 970.3 1505.0 1348.7 1966.5 1087.8 1682.6 138.7 227.9


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 0.4 1.9 19.2 0.4 0.0



Air transport 175.6 3.3 11.5 5.4 13.8 20.2 23.0 22.2 11.6

Other transport 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Greece2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 549.0 536.0 436.0 373.7 315.8 282.0 383.1 717.8 1,068.4

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 49.4 49.2 50.0 50.0 40.1 50.0


Greece

68




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 120.6 105.2 98.1 84.7 73.4 84.3 169.0 158.3 203.8

Employment 40.1 53.6 43.1 37.0 51.9 45.6 64.9 49.5 58.5










Training 114.3 57.6 46.6 5.7 5.9 3.9 6.6 6.3 6.7

Other 5.1 0.0 3.0 6.0 29.2 21.3 52.8 14.0 37.3



Grant 2911.6 2554.6 2032.7 1519.8 1536.3 2057.1 1856.1 1909.4 2004.3

Guarantee 0.2 29.1 19.0 8.2 24.2 0.0 0.1 30.4 0.0

Soft loan 946.8 711.0 679.5 409.7 315.6 180.1 163.0 122.8 141.1

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 1083.6 1039.5 1074.6 1261.7 671.6 552.9 238.8 185.0 872.8

Other 0.0 -0.9 -0.3 5.5 0.1 0.1 0.3 25.2 5.2

of which

Co-financed 1557.9 1304.8 905.3 704.4 711.7 575.2 495.3 313.9 535.1

Not co-financed 3384.4 3028.9 2900.4 2500.5 1836.1 2215.0 1763.0 1959.0 2488.3


of which




of which

Road 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 26.5 0.0 0.0 24.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0

Other transport 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Spain2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 417.0 630.4 614.0 599.5 587.3 842.2


Spain

69




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 504.1 481.8 568.1 552.3 615.5 639.2 865.7 1134.1 1383.1

Employment 20.7 13.2 5.7 7.1 7.7 11.2 6.5 3.7 3.8










Training 97.5 79.0 94.3 58.2 83.6 82.6 89.5 41.7 27.7

Other 0.0 1.5 3.6 2.1 12.9 10.5 16.2 125.5 590.3



Grant 4721.1 5318.7 5873.3 6425.6 5537.7 5690.0 5800.7 6690.0 7634.7

Guarantee 20.6 15.1 4.5 1.6 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 335.6 299.9 337.7 282.9 375.8 618.2 193.1 64.1 374.4

Tax deferral 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 4.5 7.1 0.5 0.5 0.5

Tax exemption 7988.8 8001.3 5961.4 6147.1 6054.1 7685.8 8286.2 6736.8 7176.3

Other 0.0 0.0 1.2 751.5 236.7 104.6 1277.8 1327.8 1524.9

of which

Co-financed 473.4 246.5 256.9 292.4 285.5 468.2 656.7 889.0 1253.1

Not co-financed 12616.1 13398.7 11931.4 13461.9 12081.1 13682.7 14990.6 14035.7 15571.4

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) 1,065.2 1,733.3 1,389.5 1,741.6 1,305.8 1,185.4 488.5 545.1 595.6

of which




of which

Road 40.3 25.5 30.1 30.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2



Air transport 24.3 24.9 7.3 8.5 9.1 136.4 56.7 32.9 38.7

Other transport 70.8 5.3 3.3 2.1 1.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

France2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 8113.0 8043.0 8535.0 5315.0 5590.0 5868.0


France

70

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017Total State aid, less railways (1+2) : : : : 259.9 314.6 387.6 529.9 597.7

(1) Non-Agricultural Aid : : : : 150.7 192.6 262.4 439.9 476.3


Closure aid : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Compensation of damages caused by natural disaster : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Culture : : : : 3.9 5.7 14.7 15.4 63.3

Employment : : : : 0.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 4.0

Environmental protection incl Energy saving : : : : 2.9 14.3 147.1 204.4 46.1

Heritage conservation : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Promotion of export and internationalisation : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Regional development : : : : 31.0 101.5 18.0 99.3 198.8

Rescue & Restructure : : : : 82.1 48.2 48.2 41.5 32.2

Research and development incl Innovation : : : : 15.6 17.7 0.0 0.4 0.8

Sectoral development : : : : 1.5 1.5 0.0 3.7 4.6

SME incl risk capital : : : : 6.2 0.0 3.8 49.1 103.2

Social support to individual consumers : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Training : : : : 0.0 0.0 26.8 22.3 23.3

Other : : : : 7.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Equity participation : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Grant : : : : 127.1 128.7 93.0 143.6 413.6

Guarantee : : : : 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0

Soft loan : : : : 6.0 8.2 6.0 8.5 10.9

Tax deferral : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption : : : : 17.4 55.6 0.0 76.0 16.6

Other : : : : 0.0 0.0 162.7 211.7 35.2

of which

Co-financed : : : : : 8.2 32.3 76.0 333.2

Not co-financed : : : : 150.7 184.4 230.1 363.9 143.1

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) : : : : 109.1 122.0 125.2 90.0 121.4

of which

Agriculture and rural development : : : : 109.1 122.0 125.2 90.0 121.1

Aid granted to fisheries and aquaculture : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

Transport aid (excluding railways) : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which

Road : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Maritime transport : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Inland water transport : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Air transport : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport : : : : 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Croatia2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector : : : : 324.8 515.0 442.6 96.0 61.9

of which

PSO & pensions : : : : 47.1 70.1 65.4 59.4 59.2

Infrastructure and other aid : : : : 324.4 444.9 377.2 36.6 2.7

Croatia

71




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 20.0 44.7 103.8 127.0 123.2 151.0 366.4 296.4 243.3

Employment 232.2 162.3 78.0 100.8 161.4 283.8 282.3 167.1 354.3










Training 287.2 206.8 211.7 539.2 254.4 98.4 236.5 185.4 140.8

Other 0.0 25.9 13.9 16.3 14.0 20.7 14.7 176.8 56.3



Grant 3912.8 2536.0 2413.5 3015.2 2105.9 2243.3 2201.8 2558.7 2768.4

Guarantee 3.5 39.9 11.9 11.1 12.6 19.5 1.1 19.0 23.0

Soft loan 288.0 172.5 71.6 72.1 114.1 121.5 71.6 94.2 188.8

Tax deferral 129.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Tax exemption 259.6 372.0 342.4 431.0 413.1 482.7 682.2 346.7 1272.2

Other 0.0 8.5 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.3 211.6 492.5

of which

Co-financed 1498.0 882.9 836.3 931.6 802.4 861.9 840.8 1338.4 1329.3

Not co-financed 3114.5 2251.2 2033.2 2598.9 1913.7 2026.8 2226.1 1965.6 3416.9

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) 398.6 805.8 837.0 714.3 698.5 758.5 1,386.6 683.1 1,022.7

of which




of which

Road 11.4 4.3 9.2 10.0 0.6 0.1 6.1 0.2 0.1



Air transport 0.2 4.4 5.3 1.2 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 7.2

Other transport 5.2 14.3 10.3 13.1 2.5 10.0 5.9 18.9 8.9

Italy2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 590.6 599.0 611.0 3236.0 3030.8 2998.2


Italy

72




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 39.8 59.1 56.6 41.6 34.0 32.7 32.2 34.9 35.0

Employment 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0










Training 7.7 10.7 17.5 19.3 13.5 8.4 6.8 0.4 0.3

Other -49.5 -1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Grant 60.1 90.1 115.7 90.2 115.7 105.3 115.5 113.6 92.3

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 7.0 2.5 2.6 2.9 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.6 11.9

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which

Co-financed 2.3 10.0 7.3 7.3 5.8 3.9 2.3 2.1 0.2

Not co-financed 64.8 82.5 111.1 85.8 114.2 105.8 118.1 117.0 104.0


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 20.0 11.1 5.6 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Cyprus2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 0.0 0.0 0.0 : : : : #VALUE! #VALUE!

of which

PSO & pensions : : : : : : : : :

Infrastructure and other aid : : : : : : : : :

Cyprus

73




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 2.1 1.0 1.2 266.9 283.4 350.6 266.8 245.9 86.6

Employment 0.8 0.9 1.9 0.7 1.2 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0










Training 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 5.9 1.9 3.1

Other 10.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.2 1.9 0.7 7.3



Grant 92.6 122.3 200.9 911.1 525.9 873.1 716.0 530.4 374.9

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 1.4 0.1 0.0 37.8 2.0 6.6 5.3 3.2 3.2

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 7.7 24.6 10.0 11.4 11.0 13.8 46.3 48.1 51.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0

of which

Co-financed 3.2 7.2 12.9 288.0 303.5 600.0 461.6 297.9 119.2

Not co-financed 98.6 141.0 206.1 678.0 240.8 299.7 319.6 294.5 317.1


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 86.5 36.4 4.6 23.2 26.4 0.0 0.0

Other transport 78.5 73.9 72.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Latvia2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 42.1 43.0 43.0 32.5 42.7 45.2


Latvia

74




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.4 2.4 2.4 19.3 177.6 198.0

Employment 6.0 7.0 9.1 10.6 12.7 15.6 17.8 12.8 28.9










Training 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.3 0.9 0.7 0.6 3.8

Other 21.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.7



Grant 56.3 81.9 114.3 121.1 106.5 67.0 178.2 65.2 166.1

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 26.8 4.8 7.6 2.6 2.3 3.8 112.8 97.0 107.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 157.3 167.0

of which

Co-financed 4.6 9.0 6.5 6.8 16.2 25.0 69.9 31.1 103.4

Not co-financed 78.5 77.7 118.9 125.8 96.2 53.2 228.7 292.1 337.9


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 1.9 1.0 1.6 0.1 0.2 2.4 1.9 0.0 9.3

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Lithuania2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7


Lithuania

75




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 7.8 7.7 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.2

Employment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0










Training 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.1 35.6 17.2



Grant 94.5 77.0 83.9 73.6 129.6 153.4 148.3 146.3 141.0

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 1.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27.1 35.6 8.8

of which

Co-financed : : : : : : : : 5.9

Not co-financed 95.8 77.0 84.1 73.7 129.6 153.4 175.4 181.9 143.9


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.0

Luxembourg2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 154.3 153.8 155.8 165.4 165.9 172.5


Luxembourg

76




Closure aid 2.6 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 62.3 60.0 134.9 213.0 340.3 323.4 347.9 670.1 723.2

Employment 202.8 178.0 168.4 167.3 130.5 36.5 113.1 117.8 130.1










Training 30.0 28.5 30.2 10.2 2.5 11.2 7.0 6.2 8.9

Other 188.6 180.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140.5 345.6 614.0



Grant 709.4 1176.1 517.9 644.2 934.2 1131.1 1063.2 2122.4 2884.3

Guarantee 13.6 0.9 0.2 0.1 1.2 1.2 0.1 0.3 0.7

Soft loan 27.7 33.9 7.2 35.1 10.7 1.0 6.9 9.1 5.9

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 486.2 503.7 403.8 215.7 239.5 179.5 119.1 148.6 208.7

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which

Co-financed 251.9 188.7 164.3 190.4 174.9 750.9 355.5 1039.7 1384.2

Not co-financed 1001.7 1658.1 771.8 711.5 1020.2 694.5 936.0 1243.0 1743.3


of which




of which

Road 1.8 2.9 2.4 6.8 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 15.3 148.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8

Other transport 20.6 21.1 20.6 16.6 19.3 22.9 55.1 43.1 39.5

Hungary2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 708.0 728.0 745.0 873.0 846.4 851.7 1,435.1 909.7 1,128.9

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 529.4 520.6 507.1 544.2 578.9 749.5


Hungary

77




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 5.4 2.0 6.1 3.5 1.0 5.0 17.6 5.3 7.3

Employment 0.0 0.0 6.2 6.6 0.0 4.3 0.6 3.2 2.8










Training 0.9 1.9 3.3 3.1 1.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.5

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Grant 31.1 25.5 42.3 24.4 12.1 14.7 2.8 15.6 32.1

Guarantee 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 3.3

Soft loan 0.0 1.5 3.7 4.8 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.9 1.7

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 66.3 47.1 45.6 52.8 54.7 46.0 30.7 32.7 43.8

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.0 17.4 5.4 7.7

of which

Co-financed 9.2 4.9 15.5 13.3 1.8 1.4 1.9 4.3 8.6

Not co-financed 88.7 69.4 76.2 88.7 125.3 80.2 89.7 50.4 80.0


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 3.4 4.2 6.1 24.8 60.0 15.0 40.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0

Malta2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 0.0 0.0 0.0 : : : : #VALUE! #VALUE!

of which

PSO & pensions : : : : : : : : :

Infrastructure and other aid : : : : : : : : :

Malta

78




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 53.7 52.5 55.3 42.3 41.7 54.2 46.6 77.9 119.9

Employment 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.2










Training 0.5 0.8 2.4 0.4 4.4 3.1 2.0 4.1 83.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 14.2 11.2 44.1



Grant 1320.0 1518.1 1530.5 1325.6 1202.4 1343.8 1229.6 1392.0 1621.7

Guarantee 26.0 1.0 3.5 0.7 0.5 0.5 8.3 3.0 5.3

Soft loan 2.6 3.6 46.4 65.8 45.0 67.0 65.2 50.0 71.3

Tax deferral 48.0 44.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 437.7 465.1 525.6 500.5 499.5 386.8 439.7 469.3 250.4

Other 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.5 8.2

of which

Co-financed 160.3 134.3 203.5 128.2 86.0 69.7 68.0 62.0 83.0

Not co-financed 1684.4 1900.2 1929.8 1789.7 1686.0 1755.4 1703.9 1869.0 1879.4


of which




of which

Road 0.1 0.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.2



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 2.4 1.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1

Netherlands2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 1,883.0 0.0 0.0 2,019.0 2,208.6 2,134.0 1,786.0 1,894.7 1,877.9

of which

PSO & pensions : : : -37.0 -41.5 -69.0 -175.0 -33.1 -59.8


Netherlands

79




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 13.5 21.8 27.6 35.1 54.4 56.5 69.8 65.1 69.8

Employment 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 2.0 0.1 0.0










Training 25.8 30.6 28.6 28.2 26.7 26.0 5.0 12.7 10.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 3.0 11.4



Grant 1965.7 1672.0 868.8 971.9 1130.8 1249.9 1302.4 1353.9 1258.2

Guarantee 11.3 9.4 13.1 12.9 10.4 10.2 8.0 8.8 7.3

Soft loan 67.0 32.3 57.5 58.9 30.5 21.0 13.6 8.0 11.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 59.2 51.6 551.6 555.0 471.0 2.0 450.0 450.0 450.0

Other 0.0 -4.7 4.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.5 9.9

of which

Co-financed 534.6 433.8 372.9 348.1 311.4 385.7 203.0 207.1 218.0

Not co-financed 1568.6 1327.1 1129.2 1324.3 1331.9 899.7 1575.3 1614.4 1518.6


of which




of which

Road 0.0 1.7 4.0 4.5 16.6 1.1 4.9 17.9 1.5



Air transport 500.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4

Other transport 4.3 2.5 2.8 4.7 1.6 2.4 2.3 3.9 2.6

Austria2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 1,593.0 1,537.0 0.0 2,295.7 2,362.1 2,609.3 2,704.6 2,961.3 3,023.4

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 730.6 694.8 687.9 698.5 715.3 742.7


Austria

80




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.7 122.6 266.0 391.6


Culture 0.0 125.3 2.1 0.0 0.0 30.8 0.8 67.6 310.2

Employment 627.6 721.3 669.7 718.7 781.8 733.0 704.0 692.1 767.1










Training 94.6 53.9 103.8 72.6 75.2 19.3 0.0 0.1 0.2

Other 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 73.7 559.4



Grant 1754.9 1879.2 1616.8 1697.3 1731.5 3915.9 2471.4 3692.7 6206.3

Guarantee 0.0 1.2 1.7 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 32.7 64.7 13.4 99.8 10.9 37.4 20.1 6.3 12.3

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 575.1 778.9 535.9 437.7 511.2 623.1 874.4 814.3 840.0

Other 0.0 125.3 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

of which

Co-financed 366.0 431.9 206.3 320.9 429.5 1617.0 501.0 1462.8 4345.1

Not co-financed 2090.2 2455.5 1991.2 1923.7 1831.6 3105.4 2872.8 3050.5 2725.5


of which




of which

Road 0.4 0.1 1.4 2.6 0.0 0.9 0.0 200.0 306.2



Air transport 121.3 19.4 12.2 99.8 5.4 180.6 32.5 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.7 3.9 0.0 0.0

Poland2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 340.0 417.0 438.0 494.1 502.3 1,303.6 1,406.2 2,192.9 1,618.3

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 391.1 399.0 568.5 815.0 1291.7 494.1


Poland

81




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.5

Employment 52.0 73.3 96.4 43.4 43.7 25.3 14.2 13.5 0.8










Training 8.7 6.8 6.0 11.2 2.8 2.8 0.7 1.3 1.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Grant 134.0 225.1 176.1 563.5 217.0 232.4 162.4 212.2 224.8

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 42.9 2.5 0.6 9.3 0.3 256.8 303.8 195.1 381.0

Tax deferral 13.3 13.3 9.8 11.2 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 1400.8 1270.1 1343.8 282.9 223.2 237.0 190.2 161.3 97.1

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 188.1 162.0 130.1

of which

Co-financed 104.5 129.4 133.6 188.7 163.6 473.1 467.0 362.7 568.6

Not co-financed 1517.7 1389.1 1397.8 681.6 292.5 270.7 405.5 367.9 267.9


of which




of which

Road 2.0 2.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 7.5 7.6 7.0 5.8 5.5 6.0 7.4 24.8 31.7

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Portugal2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 32.8 31.6 77.1 14.2 13.0 13.6


Portugal

82




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 38.2 33.4 33.0 20.3 11.7 31.7


Culture 6.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 3.0 5.7 6.5 7.0

Employment 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0










Training 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 0.0 0.0



Grant 146.4 190.4 287.0 357.1 487.5 629.3 754.4 377.9 273.7

Guarantee 7.3 3.4 3.2 5.7 7.1 5.7 7.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 14.3 0.3 0.6 3.5 3.5 6.4 26.7 1.9 0.9

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 2.4 1.6 93.6 244.1 377.9 411.2 428.0 68.2 106.2

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.8 594.0 541.1

of which

Co-financed 3.6 11.3 19.7 12.9 14.0 200.8 330.6 123.1 36.7

Not co-financed 177.0 184.4 364.7 597.5 862.0 851.7 893.3 921.9 885.4


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.5 5.4 6.7



Air transport 15.1 3.4 3.2 8.8 10.4 9.3 7.2 0.4 0.3

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Romania2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 258.6 272.3 442.6 328.6 236.2 238.8


Romania

83




Closure aid 16.4 11.7 10.9 6.6 4.7 8.8 4.8 12.5 15.8


Culture 14.3 13.7 13.1 11.0 10.5 8.5 9.9 10.3 10.3

Employment 12.5 17.5 13.4 79.5 96.9 109.7 89.2 89.8 98.5










Training 0.3 0.6 0.1 4.3 2.8 2.0 0.8 0.1 0.7

Other -41.0 34.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Grant 271.6 268.4 318.8 310.7 301.4 301.4 212.8 197.5 242.9

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 35.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 2.6 2.0 1.3 15.1 4.2 1.9 2.2 2.5 1.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 17.9 18.5 6.0 63.6 76.7 99.0 110.1 122.8 121.8

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.4 1.0

of which

Co-financed 87.0 84.3 116.4 59.0 20.5 40.6 9.8 10.2 47.0

Not co-financed 205.0 205.2 261.8 333.3 399.0 366.3 417.9 314.4 320.6


of which




of which

Road 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 51.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Slovenia2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 48.0 45.3 45.3 42.0 43.8 54.7


Slovenia

84




Closure aid 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 3.1 0.0 0.7 4.0 4.8 64.3 21.8 49.5 12.8

Employment 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.1 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.6










Training 8.7 17.3 2.1 3.9 1.6 0.5 5.2 5.0 3.3

Other 67.2 61.4 0.0 0.0 58.4 70.2 67.3 65.2 67.2



Grant 100.3 115.4 100.0 55.8 111.8 235.5 337.6 280.1 117.6

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Soft loan 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 148.6 131.8 60.4 63.6 69.1 63.1 62.0 66.4 91.6

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 6.3 12.4

of which

Co-financed 30.2 29.3 25.5 22.0 16.4 83.8 230.2 167.9 21.8

Not co-financed 219.4 218.1 135.0 97.3 164.4 216.1 179.3 193.1 199.8


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 22.1 6.5 0.4 17.5 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.3

Slovakia2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 205.0 204.7 265.1 218.0 218.8 262.4


Slovakia

85




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 28.1 27.8 29.6 26.8 28.2 24.5 23.2 29.1 40.0

Employment 42.8 44.6 68.4 77.2 81.1 70.4 52.2 43.1 54.0










Training 15.5 26.4 28.7 7.4 7.7 6.5 3.8 2.7 3.0

Other 121.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 5.3 30.6 8.3 43.4



Grant 603.1 564.9 698.2 633.2 687.5 736.8 665.5 672.6 836.8

Guarantee 0.0 3.7 5.1 1.9 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.3

Soft loan 43.2 29.0 28.3 24.0 16.7 19.7 20.2 15.6 12.9

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 232.7 254.9 907.7 511.1 625.2 763.2 861.2 940.4 960.5

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.1 3.8 2.7 3.0

of which

Co-financed 223.7 188.4 298.0 225.8 198.5 343.0 250.0 254.1 287.3

Not co-financed 675.8 680.3 1360.9 958.3 1155.1 1189.8 1318.1 1391.0 1534.0


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Finland2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017


of which

PSO & pensions : : : 103.8 109.9 119.0 106.0 96.1 93.9


Finland

86




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 70.5 113.5 116.9 122.2 125.0 108.7 56.8 48.4 52.4

Employment 1.6 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.1 1.5 9.0 9.7 6.7










Training 3.0 19.7 21.9 25.7 19.1 11.6 1.3 4.3 2.0

Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 7.5 20.6 603.1



Grant 448.5 456.5 386.3 430.8 436.3 530.1 489.0 597.6 1257.3

Guarantee 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 2.7 1.9

Soft loan 3.5 6.5 3.8 4.8 3.9 42.1 7.8 4.0 1.7

Tax deferral 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 2078.2 2398.8 2629.8 2747.6 2885.8 2670.7 2658.5 3054.7 3073.1

Other 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.9 2.7 8.0 0.0 0.0 1.2

of which

Co-financed 9.2 36.9 24.0 51.0 34.5 38.0 184.1 131.4 155.2

Not co-financed 2521.6 2827.4 2998.0 3144.4 3301.0 3220.2 2979.5 3527.6 4180.1


of which




of which

Road 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0



Air transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Other transport 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Sweden2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 1,401.0 1,604.0 1,695.0 377.5 398.6 360.5 411.5 374.4 390.6

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 371.9 363.9 358.7 411.4 365.1 390.6


Sweden

87




Closure aid 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0


Culture 191.7 270.6 281.6 298.4 308.4 467.0 776.9 902.7 877.6

Employment 10.6 17.3 7.9 4.9 25.9 69.4 20.5 10.0 12.8










Training 51.6 73.5 56.8 39.7 90.7 132.0 164.3 37.4 54.9

Other 4.1 192.3 74.4 129.6 76.8 62.7 48.5 321.7 232.3



Grant 1146.8 1957.5 1952.6 2953.7 3301.8 5189.1 5309.9 4313.9 4972.1

Guarantee 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130.1 184.9 187.5 223.2

Soft loan 64.0 48.4 165.2 45.0 44.1 102.8 67.7 20.4 14.9

Tax deferral 0.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0

Tax exemption 2000.2 2278.0 2065.4 2267.8 2390.4 2569.3 3649.3 4546.9 2968.8

Other 0.0 0.0 2.8 5.3 10.8 19.2 9.0 221.1 279.4

of which

Co-financed 178.8 286.9 420.1 194.4 234.4 561.0 948.9 330.1 437.9

Not co-financed 3804.2 4424.1 3849.2 5223.5 5648.0 7583.4 8385.2 9134.1 8109.7


of which




of which

Road 22.0 41.4 60.6 70.5 18.3 2.2 6.5 0.7 23.1



Air transport 20.1 11.6 14.9 6.8 7.0 7.8 6.1 0.7 9.7

Other transport 26.3 33.5 40.1 15.1 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

United Kingdom2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.9 0.8 851.9 1,071.5 941.2 1,006.4

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 74.9 0.8 851.9 1071.5 941.2 1006.4


United Kingdom

88

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total State aid, less railways (1+2) 72639,7 72752,0 66557,1 69099,6 68350,6 98654,6 101178,6 106609,1 116213,6

(1) Non-Agricultural Aid 65733,2 63825,3 58013,7 60510,0 60365,7 91295,2 94621,0 101298,5 110685,0


Closure aid 19,3 15,4 1461,2 1478,3 1534,4 1582,1 1568,4 1451,5 1554,5

Compensation of damages caused by natural disaster 3,6 41,3 78,4 34,5 236,1 433,9 389,7 601,1 589,6

Culture 1537,0 1859,2 1944,8 2375,3 2686,3 3553,4 4737,3 5478,6 5686,2

Employment 2631,1 2803,3 2747,8 2802,3 2898,3 2723,5 2552,8 2295,7 2519,7

Environmental protection incl Energy saving 14235,7 14053,8 13003,4 14788,0 15822,1 42394,0 46805,3 57104,8 61278,1

Heritage conservation 40,1 318,3 404,8 578,8 575,2 532,3 572,5 28,4 24,0

Promotion of export and internationalisation 286,4 277,6 314,7 284,2 251,0 172,7 78,1 54,0 788,0

Regional development 16065,1 14234,0 13162,3 12335,7 13034,3 14782,1 11337,6 8499,1 9888,2

Rescue & Restructure 1070,3 1340,6 831,4 731,6 585,9 651,3 623,3 133,7 244,9

Research and development incl Innovation 10794,0 10803,2 10030,1 9457,8 9189,5 9235,7 8793,9 9453,8 8814,9

Sectoral development 10817,2 9887,1 5390,0 6722,9 5314,4 4978,4 5248,6 4921,3 5111,8

SME incl risk capital 5723,5 4585,3 4003,1 4100,1 3572,4 3795,0 4631,8 4492,7 5782,3

Social support to individual consumers 1110,8 2130,6 3411,1 3231,8 3335,8 5348,1 5682,4 4033,3 3944,1

Training 971,1 846,5 906,9 1080,7 824,5 641,2 762,5 479,9 525,1

Other 428,0 629,1 323,7 508,0 505,6 471,5 836,7 2270,6 3933,6


Equity participation 1073,0 698,6 405,2 494,0 545,9 645,3 749,3 531,8 473,9

Grant 34046,0 32998,5 31088,7 32746,0 32264,0 57484,6 57731,8 62482,7 70686,7

Guarantee 2502,4 2904,8 3070,3 2893,0 3353,9 2677,6 1876,7 284,0 290,9

Soft loan 2272,2 1710,2 1711,2 1604,7 1262,8 1790,6 1258,6 778,1 1427,7

Tax deferral 191,6 58,9 35,4 36,9 41,5 34,6 26,5 0,6 0,5

Tax exemption 25633,4 24676,1 21689,2 21663,1 22339,1 28197,7 30892,1 32432,5 32455,3

Other 14,6 778,1 13,6 1072,3 558,6 464,8 2085,9 4789,0 5350,1

of which

Co-financed 8076,7 6528,8 6088,7 5890,0 5992,0 9350,5 8634,0 8342,2 12545,6

Not co-financed 57656,6 57296,5 51925,0 54620,0 54373,8 81944,6 85987,0 92956,3 98139,4

(2) Agricultural Aid (DG AGRI & MARE) 6.906,5 8.926,6 8.543,4 8.589,6 7.984,8 7.359,5 6.557,6 5.310,6 5.528,6

of which

Agriculture and rural development 6706,5 8795,6 8433,6 8505,8 7914,9 7318,8 6524,1 5273,9 5499,9

Aid granted to fisheries and aquaculture 199,9 131,0 109,8 83,8 69,9 40,7 33,5 36,7 28,7

Transport aid (excluding railways) 2.914,2 2.078,5 2.232,9 1.960,4 1.615,6 1.908,1 2.114,3 2.164,6 1.701,2

of which

Road 199,9 141,9 227,0 248,5 109,8 83,3 550,0 725,4 370,0

Maritime transport 1496,1 1428,4 1479,1 1303,4 1237,4 1158,4 1226,1 1231,3 1075,3

Inland water transport 10,0 18,1 21,8 17,2 27,0 56,6 50,6 50,4 60,9

Air transport 918,5 270,9 296,7 315,8 196,5 537,7 205,9 89,3 135,3

Other transport 289,7 219,3 208,2 75,5 44,8 72,2 81,6 68,2 59,8

European Union2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Total subsidies to the railways sector 46.215,7 38.320,2 35.627,1 41.118,7 42.386,5 43.232,6 46.254,1 41.191,9 43.577,8

of which

PSO & pensions : : : 18927,8 19008,3 21321,1 21890,6 21906,9 22264,1

Infrastructure and other aid : : : 22190,9 23425,0 21911,6 24363,5 19285,0 21313,7

European Union

State Aid Scoreboard 2018: Results, trends and observations … · 2019. 8. 19. · 7 1.3. The 2018...

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Transcript of State Aid Scoreboard 2018: Results, trends and observations … · 2019. 8. 19. · 7 1.3. The 2018...