Startup: Week 3• Weekly Quiz! You have 5 min. to

study…– What’s on the quiz?

• Blood Vessels

• Blood flow through the hearts

• Review your outline and notes from last week!

• Checking Outline 37-2!• We have a lab this week, please do not

miss a day!

Why do we study the cardiovascular system?

I. Disorders of the blood

A. Anemia (a reduction in bloods ability to carry oxygen)1. Cause by: lack of iron, reduce RBC formation, excessive bleeding or it can be genetic (Thalassemia)2. Symptoms: lack of energy3. Treatment: dietary adjustments or drugs

B. Leukemia1. Caused by an uncontrollable production of immature leukocytes.2. Symptoms: Inability to fight off infection3. Treatment: Bone marrow transplants, radiation and chemotherapy

C. Hemophilia and Sickle-Cell Anemia1. Genetics

II. Disorders of the Blood Vessels

A. Varicose Veins1. Cause - valves in the veins fail and blood over stretches the veins2. Symptoms - large protruding veins, painful3. Treatment - surgery or injections to collapse smaller ones.4. Prevention – exercise, don’t cross legs over knees.

** Hemorrhoids are varicose veins in the rectum.

B. Aneurysm1. Hereditary, artery wall is weakened.2. Symptoms - none!3. Treatment - immediate surgery

III.Cardiovascular Disease

B. Most common form is Coronary Heart Disease 1. Cause

a. Slow build up of fatty plaque (atherosclerosis) along the walls of the coronary arteriesb. Reduced blood flow to heart leads to a heart attack

2. Diagnosis a. Outward symptoms of a heart attack

• pain in chest and left arm• cyanosis of lips• nausea and a cold sweat• dizziness• shortness of breath• denial!!!

A. Kills over 1 million Americans a year!

b. Lab Tests

1. Exercise EKG2. Angiogram

a. A small tube is inserted into an artery of pelvis and worked into the aorta

b. Dye is injected into the arteryc. A fluoroscope will show where the dye goesd. Blocked arteries don’t show up

3. Treatmenta. Coronary bypass surgery1. Remove a vein from the leg2. Graft the vein to the aorta and an unblocked portion

of the artery.

IV. Cardiovascular Disease

3. Treatment (cont.)b. Angioplasty

1. A small tube with a balloon at the end is inserted into an artery in the leg.

2. The tube is manipulated into the block artery of the heart.

3. The balloon is inflated.4. The fatty plaque is smashed up against the

artery wall5. Sometimes a stint is placed in the artery to

keep the artery open

C. Stroke (The interruption of blood flow to the brain)

1. Causes

a. Blood clot

b. Atherosclerosis

c. An aneurysm

D. Risk Factors associated with Heart Disease (Check your parents!)

1. age2. gender3. genetics4. diets high in fat (hyperlipidemia)5. high blood pressure6. smoking7. stress8. alcohol9. obesity10.inactivity

Startup: Risks of Heart Disease

• Please write this in your notebook directly after your last page of notes (no need to start a new page).

• Step 1: Write down verbatim, “The risks of heart disease that I know are…”

• Step 2: Complete the sentence with as many risks factors as you can of heart disease (there are 10). There are no wrong answers!

• If you can come up with 6 risk factors that are on my list of 10, you get +1. +5 if you can name all 10. I will give you one, “Age”.

Heart Pressure Lab• Today: Learn to take blood pressure

and pulse.• Thursday: Experiment• Friday: Results and graph

• Assessment: 2-3 typed lab report.

Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Lab

• What is Heart Rate?– The number of times your heart

beats in a minute

• How to measure Heart Rate1. Position the patient’s arm wrist-up

2. Place your index and middle finger on the patient’s wrist on the thumb-side of their hand

3. Feel for a pulse

4. Count the number of beats in a 60-second period

Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Lab

• Systolic Pressure (Higher #)– Reading of pressure while the heart is

beating (contracting)– Normal is around 120

• Diastolic Pressure (Lower #)– Reading of pressure while the heart is

resting (between beats)– Normal is around 80

– Expressed as 120/80

Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Lab

• How to measure Blood Pressure:

Tools:1. Sphygmomanometer

2. Stethoscope

Heart Rate & Blood Pressure Lab• How to measure Blood Pressure

• Place cuff around patient’s arm just above elbow

• Inflate cuff just enough to cut-off circulation

• Place stethoscope just under cuff on inner elbow

• SLOWLY release cuff pressure

• Listen for heartbeat. When it starts, the reading on the gauge is the Systolic BP, when it stops the gauge reading is the Diastolic BP

Design your experiment for homework.

• What activities will increase or decrease blood pressure?

Startup: What increases or decreases blood pressure?

• Copy the title of the startup directly underneath yesterday’s startup in the front of your notebook!

• If you do not have the startup from yesterday, copy from a neighbor and you still get a stamp!

• Make a T-Chart of a list of behaviors/activities that increase or decrease blood pressure!

Class Business• Club Olympian Today!! If you missed

anything this week, come to Club Olympian or come to do your homework for the week!

• +5 HP if you come to Club Olympian

• Today we are doing a B.P. Lab– We will be in groups of 4!

– Elect one person to be a team leader!

– One person to be the doctor!

– One person to be the lab rat!

– One person to be recorder!

Startup: Risk Factor SurveyDo the following in the front of your

notebook below your previous startup.

• Complete the survey for everyone at your table including yourself!

• Count 1 point for each Yes, 0 for no.• Count 1 point if you are male!

Name Do you smoke?

Do you have stress?

Are you overweight?

Do you exercise?

Are you male?

Classroom Business• Take home survey for homework!• Outline 37-3 Due and Workbook next week!• Quiz on Monday will be..

– Review of Risks of Heart Disease– How to take blood pressure/pulse– Key Concepts from 37-3

• No school NEXT Friday• Your lab report will be due Week 5.• Next week is 4, no late assignments after week

4.

Today’s Business• Finish B.P. Lab• THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO FINISH!• At the end of class you need to have finished

taking data. We worked in groups to take the data but everyone needs their own data samples for their own lab report!

• You will have two weeks to finish the lab report! (Report should be 2-3 pages and include graphs, introduction, and conclusion). You will be given a rubric next week and we will go over the outline of your report!