ARDHI UNIVERSITYInstitute of Human Settlements Studies

2191-2014: GOVERNANCE OF LAND AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES IN

URBAN CENTRES IN TANZANIA

Tanzania : Main Coordinator

Prof. Dr. Alphonce G. KyessiAssociate Research ProfessorInstitute of Human Settlements Studies; Ardhi UniversityPostal address: P.O. Box 35124, Dar es salaam, TanzaniaEmail: akyessi@gmail.comPhone:+255754588305www.aru.ac.tz

Sweden: Main CoordinatorProf. Rolf Johansson Professor in Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Urban and Rural DevelopmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesP.O. Box 7012750 07 Uppsala, SwedenEmail: Rolf.Johansson@slu.sePhone:+4618672661, +46738272661

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SUMMARYIn most urban centres in Sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries including Tanzania, migration, informal urbanisation, and transformation present the key challenges for the rapid changes in spatial structures and societies. This situation is further precipitated by faster growth of informal economic activities attracting migrants from rural areas. This has resulted into the growth of informal settlements, especially in peri-urban areas, which lack basic municipal services. In these areas, land grabbing and encroachment of fragile ecosystems are intensifying resulting into conflicts, city sprawl and land degradation. The United Nations estimates indicate that the average annual urban growth rate in these countries was 4.7 per cent in the period 2010-2015, and is projected to remain at more than 4 per cent till the year 2025. In the absence of general planning schemes such as master plans to guide urban development in these countries, the future scenario in their cities is bleak and unsustainable. The proposed Programme on “Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in Tanzania” intends to build research capacity at Ardhi University and the local government authorities in governance of land, ecosystem management and municipal services in selected urban centres in Tanzania.

The Local Government Authorities (LGA) to be involved in this programme will be selected from major urban centres in Tanzania that include cities and municipalities. Under this Programme, two (2) PhD students will be trained locally that will be done at ARU, under the newly established PhD by coursework programme. The running of the courses and supervision of PhD students will jointly be done between Institute of Human Settlements Studies (IHSS) of Ardhi University (ARU) and the collaborating Department of Urban and Rural Development (DURD) of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). The research partnership will be strengthened by conducting one (1) major research project. The aim of the proposed Programme is also to foster joint research and publications between researchers from the two institutions and train local government technical staff to carry out applied research related to urban governance and basic municipal services provision in fast expanding peri-urban areas. The Programme will be implemented through three different but interwoven projects in which two (2) of them will result into two PhD dissertations and one (1) MSc graduate. A minimum total of eight (8) peer reviewed journal articles are expected to be published in this programme. The other major impact is that LGAs may be able to integrate appropriate ecosystem management and governance of land and municipal services in their plans and budgets of peri-urban areas and that those communities are involved in the processes.

POPULAR SCIENCE DESCRIPTIONUrban governance mostly rests at the hands of local governments, who have the proximity to translate the principles of good urban governance in order to effectively, manage, govern and develop a city to ensure equitable urban citizenship. A local government must have good governance that is accountable, responsible, transparent and sustainable. However, the information on population access to municipal services in informal and peri-urban settlements in most Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries is limited. What is available is often highly aggregated, lacking detail and specificity. Knowledge on land grabbing in peri-urban areas is scarce. Although some studies (Kratke, 2011; UN-Habitat, 2012; Clos, 2012; and Buhigas, 2012) have been carried out on urban and land governance including ecosystem management and municipal services provision, however, there limited knowledge of these issues on peri-urban areas. Hence, the following research questions are yet to be answered 1) what are the

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resource capacities and policy frameworks required for land governance and ecosystem management in peri-urban areas? 2) Are there any community-based development control strategies for limiting encroachment of urban fragile ecosystems? 3) What is the nexus between land transactions in peri-urban areas and socio-economic wellbeing of households in informal settlements and the immediate surrounding villages? 4) How can small-scale water providers be formalized to play a key role in water provision in the peri-urban areas? 5) How are sanitation services in these areas being governed in order to formulate appropriate/affordable solutions that can overcome sanitation barriers?

This programme embraces participatory urban land governance and provision of some of the basic services that lay as a corner stone for the development of peri-urban areas focusing on the following issues:

Land and Governance Systems in urban areas to explore opportunities and challenges in related policies and governance structures with regard to land dynamics in peri-urban areas that include informal settlements and surrounding villages;

Community based strategies for fragile ecosystem restoration in selected peri-urban areas in Tanzania to uncover some unknown parameters within the community and existing ecosystem services which will form a basis for taking purposeful action.

Dynamics of informal public services delivery focussing on access to potable water and sanitation services in peri-urban areas and the role of Informal Water Providers. The aim is to develop alternative options for improving the extent, affordability and conditions of access to water services through Informal Water Providers in peri-urban areas;

Development of a framework for enhancing governance of water and sanitation services in peri-urban areas in Tanzania. The aim is to formulate policy measures that translate into action towards greater access to improved municipal services in peri-urban areas.

Under this Programme capacity building will be on both training and research aiming at generating knowledge on governance of land and municipal services in urban centres in Tanzania. The generated knowledge will benefit involved communities and institutions and further develop skills necessary for integrating good governance in local government authorities (LGAs). The implementation of this programme will be through three programme sub components which are categorized based on the research questions that the Programme intends to address. The ultimate goal is to improve the adaptive capacity of communities at various local levels in the selected study areas in the country to handle issues of urban governance of land and basic services.

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ENCLOSURE 11. IntroductionThe Programme intends to build capacity through training and research by generating knowledge on governance of land and municipal services in urban centres of Tanzania. It will benefit involved communities and institutions in terms of skills necessary for integrating good governance in local authorities. IHSS has developed the programme in partnership with the DURD of SLU in Sweden. The planned partnership aims at sharing knowledge and skills towards creating a critical mass of trained researchers as its overarching goal, and it will focus on institutional capacity building for both IHSS and Local Authorities (LAs), and the community through research and training.

The overall objective of the Programme is to train staff and enhance the planning and governance capacity of LAs through a collaborative and participatory research. Capacity building will be in the form of PhD and MSc by coursework training for students who will carry out comprehensive studies to examine the impacts of governance of land and municipal services in urban centres as an institutional capacity building of IHSS and LAs. Participatory conservation and management plans will be drawn at community level as a local capacity building endeavour to enable the community understand and develop solutions to institutional, regulatory, and financial constraints that hamper integration and opportunities to utilize effective land use and good governance to guide sustainable urban development. The other capacity building project will be through major research on municipal services provision in water and sanitation aiming at generating knowledge on the extent, affordability and access to these services.

2. BackgroundUrbanization trends in Tanzania mirror the key features of Africa’s urbanization experience. The World Bank’ Report, Harnessing Urbanization to End Poverty and Boost Prosperity in Africa (2013) identified six regional urbanization trends that also reflect Tanzania’s experience:

Low levels of productivity due to inefficient transport systems, poorly functioning land markets and the informal nature of most employment;

Infrastructure investment lags behind population growth thus leading to more inefficiency; Cities are largely informal - 70 percent of Africa’s urban population lives in informal

settlements and 60 percent of total urban employment is in the informal economy – in Tanzania, these figures are roughly 80 percent informal;

Urbanization is fuelling poverty reduction, particularly in secondary cities and towns, driven partly by the informal economy.

The urban environment is being degraded and cities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to climate change; and

Cities are negatively affected by limited financing and weak institutional and fiscal systems for urban development and management.

Both planned and unplanned developments in urban centres in Tanzania are taking place in urban areas without a guiding framework for physical spatial and socio-economic growth contributing to urban sprawl and associated negative externalities of inadequate services and utilities in the informal and peri-urban settlements, limited employment opportunities and accentuation of mono-centric towns and cities (Victor and Makalle, 2003). The diminishing state resources coupled with inadequate urban development and management capacities and inadequacies of conventional approaches have rendered it impossible to provide basic

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infrastructure in fast expanding urban centres in developing countries such as the cities of Dar es Salaam, Mwanza and Mbeya (Kyessi, 2002). Empirical evidence indicates that most Tanzanian cities and municipalities have inadequate fiscal decentralisation, with an average achievement of 7.6 per cent, compared to the required target of 20 per cent (Lupala and Namangaya, 2013).

The aforementioned policies are also subscribing to regional and global development frameworks including the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (UN, 2000). A number of Millennium Development Goal targets are on track in Tanzania. Indicators show that the adoption of national goals and the MDGs has given birth to remarkable progress especially in the primary school education sub-sector where enrolment reached 97 per cent by 2007. At the same time, in healthcare, Life expectancy has increased from 51 years in 2002 to 58 years in 2010 (57 years for men and 59 years for women), a trend that is closely associated with falling child mortality. Under-five mortality has substantially declined over the last decade from 147 deaths per 1,000 births in 1999 to 81 deaths per 1,000 births in 2010, only marginally missing the MKUKUTA target of 79 for 2010 (URT, 2012).

Despite spatial differences between urban and rural areas and within the entities, the commitments by the government and its partners to reduce poverty by 2015, through the National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty (NSGRP), are showing significant achievements. Whilst healthcare services and water supply and sanitation services has been expanded in both urban and rural areas, there has been a more significant increase in urban centres where the private sector is more active. Indicators further show increased gender equality in access to infrastructure services such as affordable housing, water, healthcare and education. It is apparent that as the informal and peri-urban neighbourhoods grow and consolidate, they are doing so in a way that is persistently challenging urban theories, models and metrics in situations of urbanisation under poverty (Kombe and Kreibich, 2006; and Msangi, 2014).

Thus, IHSS intends to build research capacity of its staff as well as enhancing the planning and governance capacity of LAs. In particular, the National Research and Development Policy (2010) and the National Research Agenda (2014-2019) are the overarching instruments that guide research activities in the country, in the context of the national research environment. With respect to implementation of these two guidelines (the National Research Development Agenda and Ardhi University Research Agenda), this particular programme at ARU, covers issues of land management, municipal service and governance.The major question is how governance of urbanisation, land-use integration and municipal services provision can be embraced by practitioners and policy-makers at all levels of government for attaining sustainable peri urban development.

2.1 Context of Programme in Relation to the University Concept NoteThis programme aims at addressing a University Sida research theme under ARU concept note on strengthening capacity on training and research in land use and human settlements development. In the concept note, it has been noted that although Tanzania is well endowed with fairly large land resources (952,067 square kilometres) and with varying development potentials, land resource is yet to be optimally tapped to support endeavours to address poverty.

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Research projects on these issues are crucial for developing context specific knowledge and innovation. The current fragmented and sporadic spatial planning approaches have resulted into dysfunctional and unsustainable cities calling for innovative intervention instruments and processes.

Urbanisation is an inevitable economic, social and spatial functionality of towns and cities (ARU Concept Note, 2014). Being a manifestation of both spatial growth and increase of population in absolute numbers, it often overspill into the peri-urban areas in unregulated manner, thus engulfing land that was otherwise potential for agro-production. Literature both in developed and developing countries shows that peri-urban areas have over the years been potential zones for agro-production primarily to feed the peri-urban areas.

Whilst on the one hand, rapid transformation of large cities has rendered practitioners in local and central governments more or less helpless, local researchers and academics are at cross-roads, not knowing what and how to do, on the other hand. Among some public officials including municipal planners, the trends in the burgeoning informal sectors (settlements and economy) and peri-urban areas, are often overlooked and do not receive much attention such as the case is for planned areas. These areas do not represent large social, political and economic power entities through the formal system; yet they are the indispensable neighbourhoods and cities of tomorrow.

Knowledge on population’s access to basic services such as health, education, water and sanitation facilities is generally limited and what is available is often highly aggregated, lacking detail and specificity. Interestingly, the bulk of the local communities (80 percent) are residing and working in informal settlements; many of them are capitalizing on the opportunities emanating from the multi-faceted nature of the socio-economic, spatial and governance deficits in the specific urban contexts. Unregulated conversion of agricultural land to other uses such as residential and commercial, leads to among others, reduced food production leading to food insecurity in peri-urban areas as well as for the entire city.

2.2 Problem(s) to be addressedIn recent years, urban areas in African countries have become major centres of socio-economic and spatial transformation (Robinson 2004, UN Habitat, 2009). Most of these urban areas are expanding and densifying rapidly due to a number of factors to include geographical location, national policies, demographic and socio-economic forces such as growing informal sector in commerce and trade, large manufacturing industries, emerging small and medium enterprise (SMEs) as well as educational and health facilities. The informal private sector forms a biggest proportion of housing in major urban areas in Tanzania including Dar es Salaam. According to Sheuya (2004), the informal private sector provides 75 percent of housing in Dar es Salaam. This ratio has not changed since the early 1990s (Hoek-Smith 1991). The contribution of housing stock by the public sector is relatively small constituting mainly an old housing stock. Currently, public housing accounts for less than 2 percent of the rental housing market in Tanzania (Komu, 2011).

Although several studies including Kombe and Kreibich (2006), have been carried out in various urban centres, there is limited knowledge on governance of land, ecosystem management and municipal services provision in peri-urban areas. The following questions still need to be

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answered, 1) what are the resource capacities and policy frameworks required for managing peri-urban growth? 2) What are the nexus between land transactions in the peripheries and socio-economic wellbeing of households in informal settlements and peri-urban areas? 3) How to formalise small scale water providers to play a key role in water provision? 4) What are community-based development control strategies for limiting urban fragile ecosystem? 5) What are appropriate governance structures to overcome sanitation barriers? Addressing the above mentioned questions will therefore respond to the programme objectives which include: (a) knowledge on land acquisition patterns in peri-urban areas generated, (b) the dynamics of informal municipal services delivery in peri-urban areas captured, (c) community based strategies for fragile ecosystem restoration established, and (d) governance of water and sanitation services in peri-urban areas enhanced.

2.3 Relevance of Research Area(s)The major issue under the “Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres” programme is how to guide urban growth in both informal settlements and peri-urban areas in order to attain sustainable urban development. Urbanisation, municipal services and governance issues have been well spelled out in Tanzania’s operational strategies, strategic policy documents and plans for realising the Tanzania Development Vision 2025 (URT 2000). These include the National Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction (MKUKUTA II – 2010/15), the Tanzania Five Year Development Plan (2011/12 – 2015/1), the Environmental Policy (1997), the Land Policy (1995), the Higher Education Policy (1999), the Human Settlements Development Policy (2000), the National Research and Development Policy (2010), the Urban Development Management Policy (2012), the Tanzania Long Term Perspective Plan (LTTP – 2011/12 – 2025/26), and the Big Result Now (BRN). The research areas identified in this programme are therefore trying to address various issues stated in these policies, strategies and other urban development legal frameworks specifically on the issue of community development adaptive capacity. The significance of the capacity building and research programme to IHSS is intended to enhance governance capacity of LAs and local communities in the land, ecosystem management and provision of water and sanitation services for attaining sustainable urban development.

2.4 Approach to Capacity BuildingThe overall objective of the Programme on “Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centre in Tanzania” is to examine the underlying factors for the current trends of urban growth of Tanzanian cities and analyse its impacts. While the onslaught of neighbourhood planning emanates from the compounded and long standing demand for planned and surveyed plots, its impact on urban growth in terms of city spatial structures is uncompromisingly and highly negative because it contributes to degraded environment (especially fragile ecosystems), city sprawl, and overstretching the limits of urban local authorities to extend basic services to newly planned but unserviced areas.

The Programme therefore, will address and generate knowledge on the appropriate planning approaches for sustainable urban development. It will also address the critical capacity gap in training and research, including weaknesses in subsisting public policies and governance structures with regard to land dynamics patterns in peri-urban areas. The Programme will adopt participatory approaches to integrative land use planning and to draw out participatory conservation and management plans as a local capacity building endeavour to enable the

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community understand and develop solutions to institutional, regulatory, and financial constraints that hamper integration and opportunities to utilize effective land use and good governance.The sub-components of training and research are the major functions of higher learning institutions in Tanzania. ARU as an academic institution is no exception to that. Since its inception, the university has built capacity to its staff through the government and development partners’ support. This has in turn helped expand both research and teaching capabilities at the University to effectively execute its functions. Apart from building capacity of LA’s staff, this programme also aims at helping local communities to govern their areas and access municipal services such as potable water and improved sanitation.

The programme will therefore be implemented through three different but interwoven projects in which two PhD and one MSc dissertations will be incorporate. The two PhD students (selected from ARU members of staff) will be trained locally under the newly established PhD by coursework programme. Some research areas of the programme have no running academic programme at IHSS or ARU, IHSS intends to develop one PhD by coursework curriculum as a window to operationalise sustainable training under this programme. ARU has MSc programmes currently running, relevant to the programme research areas, but with inadequate academic staff. Hence, IHSS intends to train its staff to MSc and PhD levels locally with the Sida support. Some courses which are not offered at ARU will be offered at DURD especially in the first year of PhD study. This type of collaboration already exists between ARU and Swedish universities.

The supervision of the PhD students will also be shared between the partner institutions IHSS and DURD. IHSS has enough number of qualified staff comprising of 2 professors and 10 PhD holders who have enough experience in PhD supervision both local and at international level.3. Benefits and Added Value for Partnership between Ardhi University and Swedish

UniversitiesShort term: The short term benefits for the partnering institution will be the increased number of PhD trained staff as well as increased knowledge obtained by supervisors in both institutions. The partner institutions will also benefit by retaining various publications, equipment and other research instruments bought during implementation of the programme.

Long term: The generated information and outputs including the newly established PhD and MSc by coursework programmes will help to diversify postgraduate teaching programmes at ARU and research themes to be used as reference materials for research and teaching of both undergraduate and postgraduate students. The established collaboration between ARU and partner institutions will benefit its members through formal and informal future collaborations as well as shape their perspectives using the knowledge obtained while implementing the programme. The PhD by course work will facilitate stocktaking in terms of academic audit, benchmarking and quality assurance. Through peer reviewed publications that will be one of the outputs produced from the research components and those from the PhD dissertations will increase the University visibility. This will also attract more potential collaborative research activities not only with Swedish Institutions but also from many other countries that will be interested in working with IHSS researchers in future in relevant research areas related to governance of land, ecosystem management and municipal services in urban centres in Tanzania.4. Plans and Expected Outcomes for Selected Research Project and Training Area(s) of

Focus

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See enclosure 2 for the matrix of results showing objectives, outcomes and outputs.

5. Capacity Development Process: Brief Outline of Planned ActivitiesIHSS is a multidisciplinary Research Institution involved largely in research, teaching, and provision of advisory services and dissemination of information in the field of human settlements. The team of academic staff members constitute a wide range of expertise varying from urban and regional planning, infrastructure planning, project management, environmental science, water resources, architecture, civil and environmental engineering, valuation, geographical information systems and remote sensing and gender issues. However, not all academic staff members hold PhD to effectively carry out IHSS mandatory functions. Hence, IHSS and DURD of SLU will collaborate to carry out the Programme activities. In the ARU concept note, the capacity needs assessment carried out with respect to training and research in land use and human settlements development identified the need to train academic staff members to PhD level. In that respect, two (2) members of staff will be trained to PhD level to build capacity at IHSS to:

analyse and explain land governance in peri-urban areas; and develop a community based ecosystem management system in peri-urban areas

As explained in Section 2.4, the PhD training will be carried out at ARU after developing a PhD programme by coursework in the first year at IHSS. During the development of the PhD programme by coursework, the students will attend some courses at DURD which are not available at ARU. In addition, IHSS in collaboration with DURD will develop one (1) new MSc curriculum to be run locally with students drawn from worldwide for sustainability purposes. This will largely address urban governance issues capturing fragile ecosystem restoration and management. The details are provided in the following sections.

5.1 Training5.1.1 Local MSc and PhD Training in Urban Governance and Environmental Studies Purpose and rationaleIt is unquestionable that ecosystem services have been deteriorating with time due to climate change and increased human activities. The overriding argument behind massive ecosystem services degradation in peri-urban areas and intermediate towns is said to be rapid growth of unplanned settlements in fragile ecosystem areas, coupled with top-down ecosystem conservation initiatives. The mushrooming of unplanned settlements in urban areas due to rapid urbanisation and poor urban governance have greatly threatened the wellbeing of fragile ecosystem services since human activities are taking place even in areas which are supposed to have limited access so as to maintain and enhance ecosystem services.

According to Rockefeller Foundation (2013), rapid degradation of peri-urban ecosystems is resulting in loss of associated ecosystem services. Water provision, storm-and waste-water regulation, along with protection from natural disasters and erosion, are among the ecosystem services that have been negatively affected. These effects have ultimately affected the poor or vulnerable populations. Vulnerability extends to urban populations that depend on the ecosystem services provided by or flowing through peri-urban areas. The poor may be disproportionately impacted by loss of ecosystem services due to inadequate land development control around land use decision making and limited alternatives for livelihoods, housing, or

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basic services. Often, the loss of ecosystems is irreversible and the replacement of associated services is costly. Although contemporarily, sustainable natural resource conservation initiatives are being addressed in current programmes and strategies, as well as in the Environmental Science Management curriculum offered at ARU, experts in land governance and ecosystem management are not yet produced.

Hence, the curriculum to be developed (Master of Science in Urban Governance and Environmental Studies) in collaboration with DURD will combine natural and social sciences, aimed at training the next generation of interdisciplinary scholars and professionals who will address some of the human settlements most challenging environmental issues, specifically land governance and fragile ecosystems management. It will provide the skills to assess, plan and implement strategies needed to restore, reclaim and remediate damaged land in the public and private sectors. ARU is currently offering courses in Environmental Science and Management focussing on general environmental sciences.Specific courses of the curriculum will be designed during the first year of implementation of this programme, as per details below:

Curriculum developmentThe curricula (PhD and MSc) will be developed in the 1styear of the programme. During this period, a needs assessment/market study will be carried out, within the country and the region. Thereafter, the contents of courses will be formulated followed with consultative stakeholders’ workshop. DURD lecturers will often be consulted and will also attend the workshop. The final draft curriculum will go through ARU established participatory organs and eventually to the Senate for approval at the end of the 1st year of the programme.

Teaching/supervision capacityAs pointed out in Section 5.4, IHSS and other ARU academic units have some academic staff who can start running the new academic programmes in the second year while the earmarked PhD students are taking some courses at DURD. Through staff exchange programme, DURD lecturers will assist on offering specific courses and students’ dissertation supervision especially in year 1 of the programme when the PhD and MSc programmes are being developed.

Quality assuranceSee Section 8.3

StudentsSee Section 8.2

Students’ scholarshipsFor a trial running of the new MSc programme, the programme will sponsor two (2). It is expected that the new Masters programme will also attract self-sponsored students from the private/ public institution and other sectors, within and outside the country.

Time frameThe new MSc programme is expected to start running in the second quarter of the 2nd year of the Programme (i.e. October 2016). As the programme runs for 24 full months, by the end of the programme there will be 3 batches of enrolment and 2 batches of postgraduates. The period of 24

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months includes students study period in Sweden for three months. As for PhD training the students are expected to undergo some courses in Sweden while the programmes are being developed. Table 1 summarises action plan for PhD students’ training.

SustainabilityThe new Master of Science in Urban Governance and Environmental Studies is multidisciplinary in nature and hence it is expected to attract professionals from various sectors who can also be self-sponsored. Additionally, the research outputs from this Programme on ‘Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in Tanzania’ will be used in running the new Masters programme as well as other related programmes at ARU and other Institutions of Higher Learning. The graduates will also offer their services the central and local governments and private sectors.

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Table 1: Action Plan – PhD COMPONENTActivities Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year V Outputs

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 41. Conduct market study Market study report2. Invite concept notes, assess/scrutinize and select

potential PhD candidates PhD concept notes

evaluated Potential candidates

identified3. Facilitate selected candidates to prepare draft

elaborate proposals Elaborate proposal

4. Programme orientation Process, procedures and milestones (for PhD)

5. Attending first round-courses and literature search/review in SWE and write a paper

Credit units Paper

6. Review and approval of post graduate regulations

PGD Regulations

7. Develop PhD by coursework programmes (include consultation with stakeholders as well as approval process) Develop University-wide PhD courses Develop discipline-specific PhD courses

Discipline specific courses

8. Develop course teaching materials and manuals Teaching materials and manuals

9. Pilot and review the selected courses Revised course materials

10. Offer and examine the approved courses Credit units PhDs

11. Major PhD fieldwork studies Field data information12. Report writing/data analysis Draft dissertation 13. Final seminar Peer comments14. Submission of dissertation PhD award15. Publication of dissertation Published dissertation

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5.1.2 Project 1: PhD training in land governance in peri-urban areas This programme sub-component seeks to explore opportunities and challenges in subsisting public policies and governance structures with regard to land dynamics in informal settlements and peri-urban areas including the immediate surrounding villages. IHSS has earmarked one staff to pursue PhD training by coursework (see section 8.1). In addition, one (1) academic staff will be locally trained to MSc level.

Activities Developing 1 PhD programme by coursework. Training of IHSS staff to MSc and PhD levels; Mapping of land use in selected areas; Mapping and identifying land tenure systems in the selected areas; Analysing dynamics of land use patterns in the peri-urban areas; Establishing impacts of land use changes on food security of local communities and the city

at large; Identifying the roles of various institutions and actors (from household to national level); Assessing the social capital of the affected population; and Identifying policy implication issues related to land acquisition patterns in peri-urban areas

and intermediate towns

Key outcomes Capacity to train and conducting research on land governance at IHSS, LAs and local

community level increased; Increased information usable for developing urban land use frameworks to facilitate

decision making on land governance in peri-urban areas; Determined impacts and adaptation measures of land acquisition patterns on urban food

security and livelihoods; Established policy interventions on land governance in peri-urban areas.

5.1.3 Project 2: PhD training in ecosystem management in peri-urban areas This programme sub-component focuses on developing community based strategies for ecosystem management. IHSS has earmarked one staff to pursue PhD training by coursework. Additionally, one (1) academic staff will be trained to MSC level as per project 1 above.

Activities Developing one (1) Masters Curriculum and PhD programme by coursework and research. Mapping and assessing the status of all fragile ecosystems in selected peri-urban areas; Documenting and analysing community dependence on identified fragile ecosystem in the

selected areas; Establishing drivers of changes in the fragile ecosystems in the selected areas; Identifying and documenting fragile ecosystem conservation initiatives/methods in the

selected areas; and Drawing up of community based conservation strategies and management plans

Key outcomes Capacity to train and research on environmental management at IHSS increased;

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Enhanced enabling environment for community-based ecosystem management; and Information on income generating activities on fragile ecosystems in the respective areas

generated.

5.1.4 Project 3: Research in establishing management options for water and sanitation services in peri-urban areas

Improved water and sanitation contribute not only to better health (particularly of children), greater convenience and dignity (particularly for women), but also towards improved economic productivity (Bartram and Cairncross, 2010). The water and sanitation services provision as part of municipal services delivery forms a sub-component in the programme aiming at establishing management options for improving the extent, affordability and conditions of access to these services. “Informal Water and Sanitation Services Providers” in informal settlements and peri -urban areas will be closely examined and their dynamics determined. This will be a non-PhD research project.

Activities Mapping the level and scale of water supply and sanitation services in the selected areas; Determining the composition of informal water and sanitation providers (IWSP) in selected

areas; Analysing the merits and demerits of the services providers on the basis of the perceptions

of different actors, including the poor, policy makers, etc.; Investigating the opportunities and challenges for the extension of centrally managed piped

supplies to the selected areas; Designing and creating a formalisation process of Small Scale Water Providers (SSWSPs); Carrying out workshops to enhance community based management of water and sanitation

facilities

Key outcomes Increased capacity to carry out research on community based water and sanitation

governance at IHSS and LAs; Determined scale and extent of Informal Water and Sanitation Providers (IWSP) in peri-

urban areas; Generated information on the benefits of multiple models of water and sanitation supplies

systems in peri-urban areas; and Enhanced community based water and sanitation management systems in peri-urban areas.

5.2 Research EnvironmentResearchers from academic units of the two institutions (IHSS and DURD) who will be involved in this programme represent a wide range of expertise in land use planning and budgeting, urban and regional planning, landscape planning, ecosystems services, infrastructure planning and management, environmental science, water resources, architecture, civil and environmental engineering, valuation, geographical information systems, remote sensing and gender issues. Many academic staff members hold PhDs that are related to the proposed areas that PhD students will be working on. This therefore, provides assurance of the supervision capacity for both MSc and PhD students gain knowledge and experience from the pool of senior researchers with diverse experiences in research within this programme area.

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5.3 The Available and Required InfrastructureArdhi University has suitable infrastructure that can support the purpose of the proposed programme. The existing infrastructure includes office spaces, classrooms and lecture theatres, the internet facilities, ICT and library services. On the other hand, the collaborating partner has supporting infrastructure that can effectively assist in filling-in the gaps of facilities at ARU. Other equipment includes laptops and GPS will be purchased for the smooth implementation of the proposed activities under the Programme projects.

5.4 Academic Networks AvailableThe Institute of Human Settlements Studies (IHSS) and Ardhi University at large, has over the years, developed a very good number of networks which have in one way or the other assisted in enhanced research and training capacity. Various Swedish institutions and other research institutions in the world have worked with researchers at ARU. Support that sustained the established networks include those from Swedish government through Sida support, the Word Bank through the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training, the Royal Government of Norway through its Royal Norwegian Embassy in Dar es Salaam and the European Commission under its various framework programmes including the FP 7. Others include SPRING Research Programme of Dortmund in German; the Australian Agency for International Development (AUSAID); the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of United Kingdom and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA). The main research and human capacity building projects being undertaken by ARU in collaboration with development partners are Science, Technology and Higher Education Project (STHEP); Sida Research Support Programme; the European Commission supported projects and Water Resilient Green Cities in Africa (WGA). Experience developed over the years through various programmes that have been implemented under the networks developed and supported by the above mentioned development partners organizations has created accumulated experience in terms of maintaining the new proposed network and also in the implementation of this programme.

5.5 Staff Mobility Issues and University Retention PolicyStaff and students exchange between IHSS and the collaborating DURD of SLU is in conducting the proposed courses jointly, whereby postgraduate supervisors will come from each side. Apart from supervision and examination of PhD students, Swedish researchers will also be involved in developing and running of courses developed jointly and conducting research and joint publications.

6. The Planned Contribution and Responsibility of Each of the PartnersIHSS – ARU DURD - SLULand acquisition patterns in peri-urban areasProf. W. Kombe Prof. Rolf JohanssonCommunity based strategies for fragile ecosystem managementDr. A. Makalle Prof. Rolf Johansson

Prof. Maria IgnatievaDynamics of municipal services delivery in peri-urban areasProf. A. Kyessi Prof. Rolf JohanssonLocal MSc and PhD training by coursework programme in urban governance and environmental

studiesDr. J. Lupala Prof. Rolf Johansson

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7. Management(For more details please refer to Enclosure 3 to see the planned contribution and responsibilities of the involved members).

7.1 Administrative Resources AvailableMost works concerning the programme will be technical and therefore handled by the Team leader, a coordinator and other researchers. Issues relating to human resources will be handled by administrative officer who is stationed at IHSS by the University authority. University financial regulations shall be followed to ensure that value for money for the programme is attained. For the procurement of equipment and consumables, the Public Procurement Act (2011) and University Accounting Manual will be strictly adhered to.

7.2 Management of career opportunities for participating researchers and research students

Being an academic unit of the University, all researchers working on the programme will be allowed to work on activities for accomplishing programme objectives while students recruited by the programme will come from within the IHSS staff. In the case students do not come from within the University an arrangement will be done to see the possibility to utilize the candidate after completion of PhD in various research and training activities.

7.3 Potential internal and external risks and actions for mitigating the risksThere is a risky that students recruited by the programme from within and outside the University might terminate their studies at the middle of the programme and therefore threaten the programme sustainability. In order to avoid that the University initiated a system where any recruited staff going for further studies has to sign a legal contract which binds the student to complete the studies and work for the institution for not less than four years upon completion of the studies. In case where the student fails to do that the penalty involving repaying of money spent for the scholarship and other legal requirements are normally imposed. The same system will be adopted by the programme and will be foreseen at the University level.

8. Operational Issues of the Research Programme Strengthening Component

8.1 University Giving DegreeWhile PhD students will be registered by both Universities culminating into award of “Double Degrees”, MSc students will be registered locally at ARU. Preliminary discussion with SLU indicates the feasibility of double degrees as compared to joint awards (degrees). PhD students will be co-supervised by lecturers from ARU and SLU.The purpose of this proposal with a franchised mode of collaboration in training intends to enhance training and research capacity at ARU by utilising the capacity available at SLU.

8.2 GovernanceProcedure for selecting and recruitment of Masters and PhD Students: An open call (public and private sectors) will be made for the opportunity for further studies within the programme. IHSS staff will be encouraged to apply but they should show that they meet the required standards to be considered for a position. Admission of postgraduate students will be undertaken first by the departmental higher degrees, research and publication committees, and secondly

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endorsed by school boards. The school boards are also responsible for the approval of research proposals and outputs. Monitoring and evaluation of progress in research and research training is usually conducted quarterly at the departmental, school and university levels through departmental committees, school and the Institute boards and the Senate Higher Degrees, Research and Publications Committee (SHDRPC) respectively. Schools and the Institute will ensure that final research reports are peer-reviewed and researchers have adhered to acceptable scientific methods and norms of investigation and analysis. ARU Research Policy of 2010; General Guidelines and Regulations for Postgraduate Studies of 2008, and the Intellectual Property Rights Policy of 2012 are the tools to guide all these procedures.

8.3 Quality AssuranceARU has a Quality Assurance Bureau (QAB), which was established in 2009, and is responsible for foreseeing that all services offered by the university meet international and national standards. Being one of the academic units at ARU, IHSS will apply the same quality assurance systems put in place by the Bureau. QAB has put in place internal structures and mechanisms for monitoring inputs and processes necessary for promoting research and academic standards for achieving quality outputs.

8.4 Time perspective of the partnership and sustainability plans for the programmeThe partnership is expected to remain for five years of the programme implementation and that researchers from the two institutions will be fully responsible for their assigned tasks. Monitoring and evaluation of the programme which will be conducted annually will ensure sustainability of the programme by making sure that the entire outputs and programmes outcome are derived. In collaboration with DURD of SLU, IHSS of ARU will have extended networks and links through collaborative venture of competitive joint research proposals with international context.

8.5 Short and long term financial strategy – resources from the target university and other funders

IHSS operates under the university regulations which have strong financial standards. Funds management is done centrally however an accountant responsible for programme funds at IHSS will be assigned. IHSS normally secure its own management fund from the university which will be used in minor programme activities. The long term financial strategy is to make sure that the 8 percent funds for research from the total University funds is used to supplement activities of the programme whenever needs arise.8.6 Monitoring and evaluationThe university QAB and Directorate of Postgraduate Studies, Research and Publication are responsible for monitoring and evaluation of progress of research and postgraduate training. Monitoring is usually conducted quarterly at the departmental, school and university levels through departmental committees, school and the Institute Boards and the Senate Higher Degrees, Research and Publications Committee (SHDRPC). IHSS will ensure that final research, dissertation reports and PhD theses undergo proper reviewed to ensure that researchers have adhered to acceptable scientific methods and norms of investigation and analysis and the respective tools that guide evaluation will be employed.

9. Organisational of the Personnel Welfare Related to Exchange of Staff

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Each collaborating Institution will follow laid down national and Institutional personnel welfare procedures and regulations.

10. Ethical considerationData gathering will be carried out in accordance with the national and universities’ ethical policies and guidelines. For example, all potential participants for focus group discussions and interviews will be contacted in advance with a written briefing about the objectives of the programme/ research, the independence of the researchers and the expected contribution of the research outputs. Hence, all interviews and focus group discussions will be carried out on a voluntary basis. Data protection, consent and confidentiality, in accordance with research ethics research participants will be informed that fieldwork data will remain confidential. All research participants will be ensured of their anonymity in the process of data analysis and that no individuals will be identifiable in written reports based on empirical data. Ethical sensitivity will also be shown in the use of published and unpublished secondary data. Agreements from public agencies and other relevant institutions will be sought to access secondary information when necessary. Unpublished data and information will only be used and cited with explicit consent of author or owner institutions. Special care will be shown to avoid misleading interpretation and misinterpretation of data and information in all published and unpublished sources. The programme will not use animals or involve human stem cells. Furthermore, all publications produced under this programme will acknowledge the financial support by Sida under ARU and Sida research cooperation agreement.

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11. ReferencesAfrican Development Indicators (2010). The World Bank [Access via http:www.esds.ac.uk]ARU (2014). Strengthening Capacity on Research and Innovation for Sustainable Land and

Environmental Management for Inclusive Development (STEM-ID) (2015-2020), ARU Concept Note, Dar es Salaam.

Buhigas, M. (2012). Efficient Urban Planning and Management: Background Paper for State of the World cities Report 2012/13.

Clos, J. (2012). Urbanisation Challenges of the 21st Century, Unpublished Document, UN-Habitat, Nairobi.

Dagdeviren, H. and Robertson, S. (2011a). “Political Economy of Contractual Disputes in Private Water and Sanitation” Annals of Public and Co-operative Economics, 82 (1); pp.25-44,

Dagdeviren, H. and Robertson, S. (2011b). “Access to Water in the Peri-urban Areas of Sub-Saharan Africa” Development Policy Review, forthcoming.

Gandy, G. (2006). “Planning, Anti-planning and the Infrastructure Crisis Facing Metropolitan Lagos” Urban Studies, 43 (2): pp. 371-396.

Hoek-Smith M., (1991). The Urban Housing Sector in Tanzania, Part I: Statistical Analysis of the Housing Survey, Research Report Prepared for the Government of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam and the World Bank, Washington, DC.

Kariuki, M and Schwartz, J. (2005). Small Scale Private Service Providers of Water Supply and electricity: A Review of Incidence, Structure, Pricing and Operating Characteristics. World Bank Policy Research Working paper No. 3727.

Kjellén, M. and McGranahan, G. (2006). “Informal Water Vendors and Urban Poor” Human Settlements Discussion paper Series Theme: Water-3. IIED.

Kombe, W. J., and Kreibich,V., (2006). Governance of Informal Urbanisation in Tanzania, Mkuki na Nyota, Dar es Salaam.

Kratke, S. (2011).The Creative Capital of Cities: Interactive Knowledge Creation and Urbanisation Economies of Innovation, Willey-Blackwell, Chichester

Kyessi, A.G. (2002): Community Participation in Urban Infrastructure Provision: Servicing Informal Settlements in Dar-es-Salaam, SPRING Research Series no 33, ISBN 3-934525-33-4, Dortmund.

Komu, F. (2011): Housing Decay and Maintenance: The Case of Pulic Housing in Tanzania, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden

Lupala, J. and Namangaya, A.H. (2013). “The Tanzania State of Cities Report, 2013”.Tanzania Cities Network, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam.

Msangi, D.E (2014): Organic Urban Expansion – Processes and Impacts on the Livelihood of Peri Urban Households, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam.

Palmer, N. (2006). Informal Providers of Health Services” Briefing paper for Department for International Development, Health Economics and Financing Programme, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Rockefeller Foundation (2013), Decision Intelligence Document; Degradation and Loss of Peri-Urban Ecosystems

Sheuya, S. (2014); Housing Transformation and Urban Livelihoods in Informal Settlements. The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, SPRING Research Series. SRS 45, Dortmund.

UN Habitat (2009). The State of Africa cities 2008. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Nairobi, Kenya.

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UN-Habitat (2012).State of the World’s Cities 2012/2013: Innovating to Support the Transition to the City of the 21st Century. United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2012

United Republic of Tanzania (2000): The National Human Settlements Development Policy, Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development, Government Printer, Dar es Salaam.

United Republic of Tanzania (URT) (2012): “Poverty and Human Development Report 2011”, Research and Analysis Working Group.

United Republic of Tanzania (2013): Key Findings: 2011/12 Household Budget Survey Tanzania Mainland, National Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Finance, Dar es Salaam.

Victor, M.A.M. and Makalle A.M.P. (2003): Poverty and Environment: Impact Analysis of Sustainable Dar es Salaam Project (SDP), Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd, Dar es Salaam – ISBN: 9987 686 82 6.

12. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Patent Issues (at ARU Level)Refer to the overall (University) Programme proposal.

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ENCLOSURE 2: RESULTS MATRIX

Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

Specific Objective 1: To analyse and explain land governance in peri-urban areas One PhD

programme; PhD graduates;

and PhD dissertation.

1.1 Increased capacity to train and conducting research on land governance at IHSS, LAs and local community level.

% increase in number of PhD graduates by 2020; and

% increase in number of publications by 2020.

10 PhD; and

Several publications

ARU progress reports

Annual prospectus

Monitoring and evaluation

Sequential maps; Detailed land use

change maps Land tenure

systems report; Maps of patterns

of land parcels; Reports on land

parcels and acquisition;

Institutional arrangement report;

Minutes of community meetings.

1.2 Increased information usable for developing urban land use frameworks to facilitate decision making on land governance in peri-urban areas.

Improved land administration register by 2020;

People with wider knowledge on governance of land at LAs and in the communities.

No baseline data Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development;

National Bureau of Statistics;

Local Authorities; and

Fieldwork in selected areas

Archives records review;

Interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images;

Remote sensing; Ground truthing; Community meetings; Key informants

interviews; and Household interviews

Maps of patterns of land parcels;

Socio-economic reports on impact of land use changes on livelihoods;

1.3 Determined impacts and adaptation measures of land acquisition patterns on urban food security and livelihoods.

Households adapting to changes;

% change in land use pattern;

% change in pattern of livelihood

No baseline data Ministry of Agriculture;

Local Authorities; National Bureau of

Statistics i.e. Household Budget Survey (HBS); and

Literature and archive records review;

Household interviews; Focus Group

Discussions; Physical observation Chain analysis survey;

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Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

Social capital reports;

Scientific reports and published journal papers;

Workshop proceedings

activities; Increase/decrease in

food production; Increase in

household income by 2020;

% increase in employment opportunities by 2020;

% increase in social ties

Communities Market outlets

and In-depth interviews

Land governance policy brief;

Scientific reports and published journal papers

1.4 Established policy interventions on land governance in peri-urban areas.

Effective land management system in place by 2020;

Households displaced and compensated by 2020;

% decrease in land parcels allocated according to need by 2020; and

% decrease in land use conflicts.

Not documented Prime Minister’s Office - Regional Administration and Local Government;

Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development;

Ministry of Agriculture

Local Authorities Communities

Literature review e.g. In-depth interviews

Assumptions for Specific Objective # 1: Maps, landsat images, and aerial photographs are available for interpretation; Availability of potential candidates for training PhD levels; Funds are availed timely for running the PhD training programme; Willingness of land owners to participate in the project; and LAs are willing and have the necessary staff and capacity to participate in the project.

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Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

Specific Objective 2: To develop a community based ecosystem management system in peri-urban areas One (1) MSc

Curriculum; PhD graduates; MSc graduates;

and MSc and PhD

dissertations.

2.1 Capacity to train and research on environmental management at IHSS increased.

% increase in PhD staff;

% increase in MSc staff and LAs;

Increased publications

10 PhD; 6 staff at Masters

level; and Several

publications

IHSS progress reports; and

Annual prospectus

Monitoring and evaluation

Maps of fragile ecosystems;

Topographical maps; and

Community based ecosystem management plan

Inventory report on fragile ecosystem;

Fragile ecosystem restoration scheme.

Policy brief on critical areas;

Scientific reports produced and journal papers; and

Workshop proceedings.

2.2 Enhanced enabling environment for community-based ecosystem management

% increase of people knowledgeable on fragile ecosystem;

% decrease in fragile ecosystem encroached by 2020;

% increase in technical support for ecosystem management;

Fragile ecosystem restoration scheme in place by 2020; and

Community based ecosystem management plan in place by 2020.

No baseline data established

Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development

National Bureau of Statistics

Local Government Authorities

Selected areas

Interpretation of aerial photos and satellite images

Ground truthing Remote sensing Survey

Socio-economic report on livelihood activities carried

2.3 Knowledge on income generating activities on fragile ecosystems in the respective areas

% increase in households implementing alternative income

No baseline data Local Authorities Communities

Literature review Household interviews Physical observation Focus Group

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Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

out in the fragile ecosystems; and

Ecosystem services projections report

generated. generating activities;

% increase of people with knowledge on community based conservation initiatives/methods;

Discussion

Assumptions for Specific Objective # 2: Sequential maps and aerial photographs are available for interpretation; Availability of potential candidates for training to MSc and PhD levels; Funds are timely availed for running the local MSc and PhD training project; and LAs are willing and have the necessary staff and capacity to participate in the project..

Specific Objective 3: To establish management options for water and sanitation services in peri-urban areas One MSc local

training; MSc graduates;

and MSc

dissertations

3.1 Increased capacity to carry out research on community based water and sanitation governance at IHSS and LAs.

% increase in MSc graduates at IHSS and LAs by 2020.

Six (6) MSc staff at IHSS; and

No baseline data at LAs.

IHSS progress reports;

IHSS Annual prospectus;

LAs human resources reports

Monitoring and evaluation

Location map of Informal Water and Sanitation Services (IWSS); and

Report on the composition of IWSS.

Report on institutional and capacity related challenges for formalising IWSSs;

3.2 Determined scale and extent of Informal Water and Sanitation Providers (IWSP) in peri-urban areas.

% increase of IWSS roles by 2020;

% increase in roles of grassroots leadership involvement in water and sanitation by 2020;

Institutional reforms in place by 2020; and

Enforcement mechanisms in place by 2020;

No baseline data Local Government Authorities

Urban Water and Sewerage Authorities (UWAS)

Private investors Selected settlements Informal Water and

Sanitation Suppliers

Literature review Community mapping Transect walk Interviews

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Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

Institutional reforms; and

Enforcement mechanisms;

IWSPs formalized by 2020;

% increase in affordability, quality and regularity of IWSPs by 2020.

Report on extent of use of improved water, sanitation and hygiene facilities;

Minutes of Community meetings;

Workshop proceedings;

Policy briefs produced; and

Scientific reports and journal papers.

3.3 Generated information on the benefits of multiple models of water and sanitation supplies systems in peri-urban areas.

% of population in each water and sanitation supply model;

Alternative sustainable options for access to safe water and sanitation formulated and in place by 2020;

% of level of access to water by poorer communities; and

Short, medium and long term alternative water supply arrangements in place by 2020.

No baseline data Local Government Authorities

Urban Water Authorities

Private investors Civil Societies Selected settlements Informal Water

Suppliers

Literature review Focus Group

Discussions Semi-structured

Interviews Informal discussions

with academics and other experts in the sector

Report on water and sanitation sector’s actors and their roles; and

Community based water and sanitation management

3.4 Enhanced community based water and sanitation management systems in peri-urban areas.

Community-based water and sanitation management plan in place by 2020; and

Community members trained to manage water and sanitation services.

No baseline data Ministry of Health and Social Welfare

Ministry of Water Local Government

Authorities Urban Water

Authorities Private investors Civil Societies

Literature review Focus Group

Discussions Key Informant

Interviews Informal discussions

with academics and other experts in the sector

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Types of Outputs Outcomes (including targets)

Performance Indicator

of Outcome

Baseline (if established)

Data Source Data Collection Strategy

plan; Academics Communities

Assumptions for Specific Objective # 3: Availability of potential candidates for training to MSc ; Funds are timely availed for conducting the research project; IWSSPs are willing to participate in the project; and LAs are willing and have the necessary staff and capacity to participate in the project.

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ENCLOSURE 3: RESPONSIBILITIES AND DIVISION OF LABOURINSTITUTE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS STUDIES – ARDHI UNIVERSITY (ARU)Researcher Responsibilities in the programmeProf. Dr. Alphonce G. Kyessi Team Leader,

Foreseeing all programme activities to make sure that targets are met as planned,Supervision of MSc. and PhD students,Infrastructure and Spatial Planning,Programme report writingTraining of Local Government Authority staff

Prof. Dr. Wilbard Kombe Team member, Supervision of MSc. and PhD students, Programme report writing,Expert on Land Management, Training of Local Government Authority staff

Dr. Albinus Makalle Team member,Supervision of MSc. and PhD students,Project Management Expert,Field work supervision,Programme report writingTraining of Local Government Authority staff

Dr. John Lupala Team member,Supervision of MSc. and PhD studentsUrban Design and Landscape Expert,Programme report writing,Training of Local Government Authority staff

DEPARTMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (SLU)Prof. Rolf Johansson Team Leader on Swedish side

Programme report writingSupervision of PhD students,Field work protocol,Landscape Expert,Programme report writing,

Dr. Maria Ignatieva Team member,Supervision of PhD students,Field work protocol,Landscape and Ecological engineering,Programme report writing,

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ENCLOSURE 4: CURRICULUM VITAECVAlphonce Gabriel KyessiBorn1953. 10 31 1. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor) 2001 Doctor of Philosophy (Spatial Planning), Faculty of Regional Planning, Technical University of Dortmund.

2. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor 1996-2003 Research Fellow, Institute of Human Settlements Studies, and Head Department of

Urban and Regional Planning, University College of Lands and Architectural Studies, University of Dar es Salaam

2003-2011 Senior Research Fellow and Associate Director, Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University.

2011 to-date Associate Research Professor Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University.

6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research Associate Research Professor in urban planning (100%), ARU but combines teaching (40%, research (40%) and consultancy work (20%). I teach undergraduate and postgraduate students where I also supervise their dissertations. I supervise doctoral students and at the moment I have five (5) PhD candidates. I do carry out both applied and collaborative research and consultancy work to the industry, mainly to the local government authorities, the central government and parastatal organisations and international agencies such as the World Bank and UN-Habitat. At the moment I am involved in Non-PhD individual research on Gender impact of formalisation of properties in Tanzania, the Case of Dar es Salaam. I am also finalising research cum consultancy work on issuance of construction permits in Tanzania.

7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position) 1980-1992 Town Planner, Dar es Salaam City Council 2003-todate Honorary Secretary Tanzania Association of Planner 1996-2003 Senior Research Fellow and Associate Director, Centre for Housing Studies, Ardhi

Institute2003-2006 Head of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning of Ardhi University (then

UCLAS).2003- 2012 Board Member of the WAT Human Settlements Trust (Non-Governmental

Organisation) 2004-todate Member and Honorary Secretary, Tanzania Association of Consultants.2013-cont. Member of the Editorial Board of Journal of Building and Land Development,

Ardhi University.2014-cont. Chief Editor, African Resources Development Journal, Open University of

Tanzania.8. Doctoral supervision Enhancing Coordination Mechanism for Urban Water Management: The Case of Dar es Salaam by Yohannes Kachenje, Registered at the Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, 2011-2015; Institutional Structures and Urban Governance, the case of Urban Planning and development, Dodoma Municipality, Tanzania, by Benezet Rwelengera, Registered at the Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, 2011-2015; Livelihood

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Sustainability of Informal Solid Waste Collectors in Dar es Salaam: The Case of Kinondoni Municipality, Dar es Salaam, by Hussein Omar, Faculty of Science, Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 2011-2014; Housing Market and Informal Housing Brokers in Tanzania, the Case of Dar es Salaam, by Tumpale, S., Registered at the Institute of Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University, 2011-2014; Community Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Services Provision in Informal Settlements: Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania, by Mr. Daudi Kalwani, Registered at the Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, 2005-2009; Analysis of Solid Waste Management: A Local Resources Mobilisation for Community Socio-Economic Development in Tanzania, by Mr. Titolwa Wilson Babyebonela, Registered at the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, 2007-2010; Integrating Ecosystem Approach in Managing Peri-Urban Interface of Dar es Salaam, by Mr. Aloyce L. Masanja, registered at the School of Urban and Regional Planning, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam, 2006-2008; Private Sector Participation in Improving Urban Sanitation in Tanzania, the Case of Dar es Salaam, by Margaret S. Ntiyakunze, Ardhi University, 2007-2014; and Vulnerability Analysis of Climate Change Induced Impacts on Building Structures: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by Elinorata Mbuya, Ardhi University 2010-2014.

9. Pedagogic experienceSettlement Planning I and II (AR 261 and AR 382), Infrastructure Planning and Management (UP 337), Theories in Infrastructure Planning and Management (HI 312), Housing Theories and Policies (HI 342), Professional Practice I and II (UP 353 and UP 453), Infrastructure Economics (UP 571), Housing and Infrastructure (HS 751), Management of Informal Sector (HI 717), Institutional Framework for Housing (HS 721) Urban Infrastructure Planning and Management (UP 793), Research Methodology (UP 796).

10. Other information of importance to the application Long term collaboration experience Visiting Researcher, International Institute of Aerial Space Surveys and Earth Observation,

ITC, The Netherlands; Visiting Lecturer, Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University. Researcher in a Major Collaboration Research between North and Southern Universities on

Climate Change and Urban Vulnerability )CLUVA) in 5 African Cities including Dar es salaam (2010-2013),

Researcher and Deputy Coordinator in a Major Collaboration Research on Measuring Service Delivery in Five Southern African Countries (2008-2010).

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CVRolf Johansson Born 1950-10-07 in Stockholm

1. Higher education degrees (year, subject area)• 1988-92, Architecture, Royal Institute of Fine Arts (KKH).• 1971-76, Architecture, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH). • 1969-71 & 1975-76, Mathematics (1 year), History of Art (1 year), Pedagogics (1/2 year), Stockholm University (SU).

2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, supervisor)1997, Architecture/Built Environment Analysis,”Utvärderingavbostadshusibruk/Evaluation of Residential Areas in the Phase of Usage”, Prof. Sven Thiberg KTH.

3. Postdoctoral work

4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professor2002, KTH/Architecture/Design Methodology

5. Specialist certification or equivalent1978, Architect SAR/MSA

6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in researchProfessor in Landscape Architecture – Design Theory, 50-70% spent in research and research education.

7. Previous positions and periods of appointmentProfessor in Built Environment Analysis, KTH, 2005-2011.Guest Professor in Landscape Architecture, SLU, 2004-2009.Senior Lecturer in Built Environment Analysis, KTH, 2004-2005.Deputy Senior Lecturer in Built Environment Analysis, KTH, 2001-2004.Researcher in Built Environment Analysis, KTH, 1990-2004.Architect, Rolf Johansson Arkitektkontor, 1990-2000.Architect, Ahlséngruppen/Johanson&Linnman Arkitektkontor, 1985-1990.Architect, Bengt Lindroos Arkitektkontor, 1984-1985.Architect, Per Olof Olsson Arkitektkontor, 1978-1984.

8. Interruptions in research• Position as Head of department of Urban and Rural Development (120 employees), 2007-2012. 50% interruption• Practicing architect, 1978-1990.9. Individuals who have completed their doctoral degree under my supervision2014, Daniel Msangi, main supervisor together with Prof. Kombe at ARU.2013, Camilo Calderon, main supervisor.2012, Lilian Namuganyi, main supervisor.2010, Tatu Limbumba, main supervisor.2009, Ludvigaja Bulamile, main supervisor.

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2008, Susan Paget, assistant supervisor.2008, Ulla Myhr, assistant supervisor.2006, Margarethe Dobloug, main supervisor.2006, Ivar Holm, main supervisor.2004, Greger Henriksson, assistant supervisor.2003, Catharina Nord, main supervisor.Currently supervising 3 PhD students

10. Pedagogic experience5 most important PhD courses:• Case Study Methodology. Johansson has developed the course, and acted main teacher and examiner. This course has been executed in its full version (7,5 credits):2001 at KTH, 2001 at SLU, 2003 at KTH (twice), 2004 at KTH, 2005 at KTH (twice), 2005 at SLU, 2006 at KTH, 2007 at SLU, 2007 at KTH, 2009 at SLU, 2010 at SLU, and 2012 at SLU. Approx. 200 PhD students have passed the course.The course has also been executed in a shorter version:2003 at AHO in Norway, 2003 at LTH, 2004 at AHO in Norway, 2006 at UMB in Norway.

• Conservation, Development and Communication in Diverse landscape: Theory and Methods. 4.5 credits, last version extended to 6 credits. (The course has appeared under different similar names). This course is developed jointly by Johansson and prof. Nadarajah Sriskandarajah (Environmental Communication, SLU). They have acted main teachers. Johansson was examiner. The course has been executed three times: 2012 in Nairobi in collaboration with Wangari Maathai Institute (University of Nairobi); 2013 in Nicaragua in collaboration with UNA; 2014 in Nairobi in collaboration with Wangari Maathai Institute (University of Nairobi).

• Transdisciplinary research – potentials and challenges. 4.5 credits. Johansson has developed the course, and acted main teacher and examiner. This course has been executed three times at SLU: 2006, 2010 and 2013.

• Theory of Science. Johansson has developed the course in different versions, and acted main teacher and examiner. First version (7.5 credits) was executed at KTH in 2004 (twice), 2005, 2006 and 2007, and at ARU, Tanzania, in 2002 and 2004. Part of this course was developed and executed as a module taught course by Johansson in the course Philosophy of Scientific Approach and Ethics, executed twice during 2014 at Makerere University. Another part was developed and taught as part of the course Philosophy of Science and Ethics and executed 2014 at SLU.

• Scientific Writing. 4.5 credits. Johansson has developed the course, and acted main teacher and examiner. The course specifically discusses different traditions of scholarly writing in various fields of science. This course has been executed: 2001 at KTH, 2002 at KTH, 2003 at KTH, 2004 at KTH, 2004 at SLU, 2005 at KTH, 2006 at KTH.

11. Other information of importance to the applicationMain supervisor of 4 PhD students within capacity building programmes Sweden-Tanzania and Sweden-Uganda who have completed their degrees. Currently supervising one PhD student in the Sweden-Uganda programme. Have collaborated with ARU in PhD courses at ARU several times from 2002 and onwards.

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CV Wilbard KombeProfessorBorn 26th July 1954, Kilmanjaro, Tanzania

1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area) M.A.; (Urban Design), Royal Danish Academy, School of Architecture, Copenhagen, Denmark June, 1984

2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor) Ph.D., University of Dortmund, Germany, June 1995, (Land Management), Informal Land Management in Tanzania, Professor Volker Kreibich

3. Postdoctoral work

4. Qualifications as research fellow/associate professorHas been Director of the Institute of Human Settlements Studies since 2008 has served as research and technical advisor to several agencies including; Municipal Development Programme, UN-Habitat and Visiting Professor for Dortmund University and HSRC of South Africa

5. Specialist certification or equivalentSpecialized research areas of Governance of informality in poverty, Land conflicts and state fragility and Service delivery and MDG targets

6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research Professor in Land Management, Institute for Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University

7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position) Director, Institute for Human Settlements Studies, Ardhi University-May 2008 - Present.Dean, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, 1996 / 2003External Examiners/PhD Jury Member – Several Universities of Cape Town, (SA); Copper Belt (Zambia); Makerere (Uganda); Dortmund (Germany); Chalmers and KTH (Sweden); Oslo School of Architecture (Norway).Technical Adviser, Municipal Development Programme, Harare, 1998-2003Technical Training Adviser, Sustainable Dar es Salaam Project, 1996/97

8. Interruptions in research. Teaching Masters and supervision of PhD students.

9. Doctoral supervision2002: Alphonce Kyessi together with Volker Kreibich at Dortmund University2002: Bituro Majani together with Volker Kreibich at Dortmund University2002: Aldo Lupala together with Volker Kreibich at Dortmund University2002: John Lupala together with Dick Urban Vestrbro at KTH2004: Shaaban Sheuya together with Volker Kreibich at Dortmund University2005: Minyoi Mutakela together with Tumsifu Nnkya at ARU

32

2009: Tatu Limbumba together with Rolf Johansson at SLU2010: Moses Mkony together with Maria Nystrom from Chalmers University2013: Fortunatus Bahendwa at AHO-Norway2014: Daniel Mbiso together with Maria Nystrom at ARU2014: Daniel Msangi together with Rolf Johansson at ARU2014: Supervision of 5 on-going PhD students.

Supervised several Masters dissertations

10. Pedagogic experience (selection) Training advisor for the Sustainable Cities Programme (1996-2000) Conducted joint PhD Training support courses (summer School) for students and PhD

supervisors from Dortmund, ARU, Addis Ababa and Ghana (2010) Case Study methodology course for Sida supported PhD students PhD courses on writing and publishing of scientific articles (2010 and 2012)

11. Other information of importance to the application

Several years of experience in research in land management and urban studies. He is a coordinator of the project on Climate Vulnerability in Urban Areas under EU Support; and the Water Resilient Green Cities Project (2013-2016) with 3 PhD students.

33

CV John LupalaSenior LecturerBorn 10th May 1960, Iringa, Tanzania1. Higher education degree(s) (year, subject area) M.A.; (Human Settlements), Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium

2. Doctoral degree (year, discipline/subject area, dissertation title, and supervisor) Ph.D., Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden, June 2002, (Built Environment Analysis), Urban Types in Rapidly Urbanizing Cities, Professor Dick Urban Vestbro/ Prof Wilbard Kombe

3. Postdoctoral work

4. Qualifications as research/fellow/associate professorHas been Director of the Institute of Human Settlements Studies since 2013 has served as Dean of the School of Urban and Regional Planning from 2006 to 2013. He was Board member of the African Association of Planning Schools (AAPS, 2007-2013), Board member of the Tanzania Association of Planners, and coordinator in the preparation of the State of the Cities Report (on-going)

5. Specialist certification or equivalentSpecialized research areas of built environment, urban design, Transportation planning and participatory planning

6. Current position, period of appointment, share of time spent in research Senior Lecturer in Urban and Regional Planning and Director of the Institute of Human Settlement Studies (IHSS) since 2013.

7. Previous positions and periods of appointment (specify type of position) Dean, School of Urban and Regional Planning, (2007-2013). Board Chairman, School of Urban and Regional Planning, (2008-2013). Head, Department of Architecture, (2004-2005). Manager, Program Management Unit (PMU), UCLAS, (2003 – 2004). Assistant Co-ordinator of UCLAS-Sida SAREC Programme, (2002 - 2006). Chairman, Faculty ICT Committee, UCLAS, (2003 - 2004). Member to the UCLAS Gender Committee, UCLAS, (1997- 2004). Departmental ICT Co-ordinator, URP Department, UCLAS, (1996-2004). Board Member, Faculty of Architecture and Planning, (2004- 2005).

8. Interruptions in research. Teaching Masters and supervision of PhD students.9. Doctoral supervision2010: Ali Namangaya together with Schmidt Kallert at Dortmund University2014: Dawal Mushi together with Inger-Britt Werner at ARU2014: Supervision of 3 on-going PhD students.

Supervised several Masters dissertations

10. Pedagogic experience (selection)

34

Conducted joint PhD Training support courses (summer School) for students and PhD supervisors from Dortmund, ARU, Addis Ababa and Ghana (2010)

Case Study methodology course for Sida supported PhD students PhD courses on writing and publishing of scientific articles (2010) PhD Support Training courses (2014)

11. Other information of importance to the application Several years of experience in teaching and research in urban planning, transport planning and climate change. Dr Lupala is a coordinator of the project on Preparation of the State of the Cities Report of Tanzania (2010-2013) and a project on the Impacts of Land Use and Climate Change on Coastal Forests Management in Tanzania (2010-2014).

35

CVAlbinus M.P. MakalleBorn 1953.02.05

1. Higher Education degree(s): BSc Engineering; MSc Engineering Management

2. Doctoral degree: Year - 2005/ Subject area - Project Management/ Thesis title - Modelling Project Management Processes for Sustainability/ Supervisor – Prof. Victor Matern

3. Postdoctoral work: have not been done

4. Qualifications: Research Fellow (2005)

5. Specialist certification or equivalent: Project Management (2007)

6. Current position: Research Fellow

7. Previous positions and periods of appointmenti) Research Fellow, Institute of Human Settlements Studies (IHSS), Ardhi University, Dar

es Salaam, 08/11/2005 to dateii) Assistant Research Fellow, IHSS-UCLAS, 01/08/2004 - 07/11/2005iii) Technical Director, Syscon Builders Ltd, 1997-2004.iv) Chief Executive Officer, Capital Construction Equipment Company Ltd (A Subsidiary

Company of capital Development Authority, Dodoma), 1989 - 1997.v) Plant Manager, AncheMwedu Ltd (A Subsidiary Company of IPP Ltd.), 1986 -1988.vi) Research and Development Engineer, Tanzania Shoe Company Ltd, 1981-1986.vii) Tutorial Assistant, Faculty of Engineering, UDSM, 1980-1981.

8. Interruption in research: none

9. Individuals who have completed doctoral degree under supervision: Two candidates not completed

10. Pedagogic experience:i) MSc Housingii) MSc Public Policy Analysis and Programme Developmentiii) MSc Urban and Regional Planning

11. Other information of importance to the application: Makalle is a seasoned engineer; specialist in environmental, infrastructure and project management, and a researcher. As a researcher, he has conducted several researches related to technology-poverty and poverty-environment interactions, as well as sustainable livelihoods as key aspects of understanding poverty-environment nexus.

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ENCLOSURE 5: PUBLICATION LISTProf. Dr. Alphonce G. KyessiBooks1. Kyessi, A.G. and Masanja, A.L. (Forthcoming): “Financing Local Development under

Decentralised Framework of Governance: A Study of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania”, Research Report, Ardhi University, Dar es Salaam.

2. Kombe, W., Kyessi, A., Lupala, J., and Mgonja, E. (2003): "Partnerships to Improve Access and Quality of Public Transport: A Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania", Loughborough University, UK, ISBN 1-84-3800373, 115 pages.

3. Kironde. J. Lussuga and Kyessi, Alphonce (Forthcoming): "The Water Supply and Sanitation Situation in Dar es Salaam", Dar es Salaam, TPH Limited.

4. Lerise, F.S. and Kyessi, A.G. (Forthcoming): "Trends of Urban Poverty in Tanzania", DUP Limited, Dar es Salaam.

Chapter in a Book5. Lupala, J. and Kyessi, A. (Forthcoming): Decentralization of Municipal Servicing in

Tanzania: Opportunities and Challenges.6. Kjellén, M. &Kyessi, A.: Dar es Salam: the Development of Water Supply and Sewage

Systems. In: Tvedt, T. &Oestigaard, T. (eds.): A History of Water: Water and Urbanization. London: I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd, pp. 550-574.

7. Kyessi, A.G. (2011): The Potential of Grass-Roots Leadership in Water Management in Fringe Communities: the Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In Water Governance Book.

8. Kyessi, A.G. (2007): Urban Planning and Management of Settlements. In: State of the Environment Report, United Republic of Tanzania., pp.110-120.

9. Kyessi, A.G. and Kasala, S.E. (2006): Land Related and Human Settlements Fields. In: Training Needs Assessment to Practitioners, Chapter 7, Centre for Continuing Education, University of Dar es Salaam.

Papers Published in Refereed Journals10. Tumapale, S. and A. Kyessi (Forthcoming): Formalizing Property Rights In Informal

Settlements and its Implications on Poverty Reduction: The Case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, In: Journal of Business and Economics, Academic Star Publishing Company.

11. Kessy, J. and A. Kyessi (Forthcoming): Evaluation of Sanitation Improvement Projects in Unplanned Settlements: The Case of “ECOSAN Toilets” at Zamcargo, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Accepted for publication in: Journal of Building and Land Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

12. Kyessi, A. and Furaha, G. (2010): Access to Housing Finance by the Urban Poor: The Case of WAT-SACCOS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. In: International Journal of Housing Markets and Analysis, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 182-202.

13. Kyessi, A.G. (2010): Enhancing Security of Land Tenure in Informal Settlements: The Case of WAT-Human Settlements Trust in Hanna Nassif Settlement, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Accepted for Publication in Utafiti; Journal of the College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Vol. 8, No. 1, 87-104.

14. Kyessi, A.G. (2008): Formalisation of Unplanned Settlements and Its Implications on Poverty Reduction: The Case of Dar es Salaam City. In: Tanzania Journal of Development Studies, Volume 8, No. 2, pp. 1-22.

37

15. Mireri, C., Atekyereza, P., Kyessi, A. and Mushi, N. (2007): Environmental Risks of Urban Agriculture in the Lake Victoria Drainage Basin: A Case of Kisumu Municipality, Kenya, In: Habitat International, Vol. 31, pp. 375-386.

16. Kyessi, A.G. (2007): Applications of Geographical Information System Infrastructure in Urban Land Management in Tanzania. In: Journal of Building and Land Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 123-133.

17. Kyessi, A.G. (2006): “Participatory Planning in Regularization of Informal Settlements in Mwanza, Tanzania. In: Territorial, Journal of the Institute for Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, UDC 711.4 (678), June 2006, pp. 56-81.

18. Kyessi, A.G. (2006): “Participation and Partnerships in Sanitation Improvement in Informal Housing Areas, Case of Buguruni Mnyamani, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania”. In: Journal of Building and Land Development, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 48-64.

19. Kyessi, A.G. (2005): "Community Based Urban Water Management in Fringe Neighbourhoods, The Case of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania". In: Habitat International, Vol. 29, pp. 1-25.

20. Kombe, W.J. and Kyessi, A.G. (2010), “Measuring Service Delivery in Southern Africa Project: Study 3: Developing Measures and Methods for Measuring Progress towards Service Delivery Targets. (Stage III) Reports for Tanzania, Malawi, Botswana, and South Africa”, Supported by the Southern African Trust (SAT).

21. Kombe, W.J. and Kyessi, A.G. (2009), “Measuring Service Delivery in Southern Africa Project: Methods for Improving Service Delivery Planning and Implementation: Case Studies in Service Delivery Improvement Initiatives”. (Stage II) Reports n Tanzania, Malawi, Botswana, and South Africa, Supported by the Southern African Trust (SAT).

22. Kombe, W.J. and Kyessi, A.G. (2008): “Measuring Service Delivery in Southern Africa Project: Socio-Political Dynamics of Service Delivery in Tanzania”, Supported by the Southern African Trust (SAT).

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Prof. Dr. Rolf JohanssonPeer-reviewed articles*Johansson, Rolf. (2007). On Case Study Methodology. Open House International, vol 32, nr 3, 48–54. Myhr, U., & Johansson, R. (2007).Eco Effect for outdoor environments: The process of tool development. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, vol. 28, 439–454. (Myhr is the main author).

*Johansson, Rolf. (2004). Types of generalisation from a single case. Journal of Applied Psychology, vol 6, nr 3-4, 213-221.

Peer-reviewed conference contributions*Johansson, Rolf. (2013). A Model for Goal-Free Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Residential Housing. Presented at IAPS 2011 conference. Electronically published at academia.edu https://www.academia.edu/4633514/A_Model_for_Goal-Free_Post-Occupancy_Evaluations_of_Residential_Housing_A_Model_for_Goal-Free_Post-Occupancy_Evaluations_of_Residential_Housing

Review articles, book chapters, booksBook chapters, peer-reviewed*Namuganyi. Lilian, & Johansson, Rolf. (2014). Constructing Alternative Spatialities in Kampala City: Two case studies. In Ricardo Garcia Mira & Adina Dumitru (eds.): Urban Sustainability. Innovative spaces, vulnerabilities and opportunities. A Coruna: Institute of Psychological Studies and Research “Xoan Vicente Viqueira”.

*Johansson, Rolf. (2012). Case Studies in Renovation and Urban Regeneration: Learning by doing. In R. J. Lawrence, H. Turgut& P. Kellett (eds.): Requalifying the Built Environment: Challenges and Responses. Göttingen: Hogrefe and Huber.

Johansson, Rolf. (2005). On Case Study Methodology. In D.U Vestbro et.al (eds.) Methodologies in Housing Research, 30-39.

Book chapters, not peer-reviewedJohansson, Rolf: (2005). Arkitekturkritikidagspressen. I: Rolf Johansson, Magnus Rönn & Inga Britt Werner Om kvalitetiarkitektur. Forskningsrapport. Stockholm: KTH. S.59–77.

Popular science articles/presentationsJohansson, Rolf. (2012). Venice – city in water.Urban.Nr3-2012 (English edition). Uppsala: SLU, inst. förstadoch landJohansson, Rolf, (2007), Historielösombyggnad. Invandrareoch Minoriteter. Nr 4–5, s.51 –54.

39

Dr. Albinus M.P. MakalleChapter in a Book1. Makalle, A.M.P. (2012), “Livelihoods of Urban Poor in Degrading Environment”, in

Towards a Sustainable Ecology Global Challenges and Local Responses in Africa and Asia: 55 Years after the Bandung Asian-African Conference 195 by Khudori D. and Kamino, Y. Bandung Spirit Book Series on Ecology.

2. Ngware, N.; A.M.P. Makalle; and R. Shemdoe (2008), “Understanding Gender Roles in Integrated Water Resource management in Tanzania: The Case of Usambara Mountains” in Gender, Governance and Natural Resources in the Rural Setting: Some Case Studies from Tanzania by F. Mukangara and I.F. Shao. Institute of Kiswahili Research, University of Dar es Salaam – ISBN 978 9987 442 40 9

Papers Published in Refereed Journals3. Makalle, A.M.P. (in print), “Effects of Land Use Practices and Land Use Changes in

Catchment Areas of the Lake Victoria Basin: The Case of Mara Sub-catchment”. The African Resources Development Journal.

4. Makalle, A.M.P. (2012), “Gender Relations in Environmental Entitlements: Case of Coastal Natural Resources in Tanzania” Environment and Natural Resources Research, Vol. 2(4)

5. Makalle, A.M.P. (2012), “Post-Harvest Storage as a Rural Household Food Security Strategy in Tanzania” Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.2 No.9

6. Makalle, A.M.P. (2012) “Livelihoods of Urban Poor in Degrading Environment”, Bandung Spirit Book Series on Ecology.

7. Makalle, A.; S. Mesaki; and M. Victor (2011), “Livelihood Opportunities through Informal Housing in the New capital City of Dodoma, Tanzania” Cross-cultural Communication, Vol. 7(4) pp. 104-120.

8. Makalle, A.M.P. and N. Ngware (2010), “Gender and Environmental Entitlements for Sustainable Livelihoods in Tanzania: The Cases of Moshi Municipality and Tanga City” Journal of Development Studies Vol. 10(1&2), pp. 13-29.

9. Makalle, A.M.P. and N. Ngware (2009), “Gender and Environmental Entitlements for Sustainable Livelihoods in Tanzania: The Cases of Moshi Municipality and Tanga City” Journal of development Studies Vol. 9(1&2).

10. Makalle, A.M.P. (2008). “The Adequacy of the Policy Environment for Sustainable Project development in Tanzania”. The Journal of Building and Land Development Vol. 15(1&2).

11. Makalle, A.M.P.; J. Obando and Y. Bamutaze (2008), “Effects of Land Use Practices on Livelihoods in the Transboundary Sub-Catchments of the Lake Victoria Basin”. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Vol. 2 (8), available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJest - ISSN: 1996 0786.

Published Research ReportVictor, M.A.M.; A.M.P. Makalle; and N. Ngware (2008), Establishing Indicators for Urban Poverty-Environment Interaction: the Case of Bonde la Mpunga, Kinondoni, Dar es Salaam. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers Ltd, Dar es Salaam – ISBN: 978 9987 08 013 7.

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ENCLOSURE 6: BUDGET FOR GOVERNANCE OF LAND AND MUNICIPAL SERVICES IN URBAN CENTRES IN TANZANIAOVERALL BUDGETDate: April 2015 Sub Program: Programme: Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in TanzaniaPeriod: 2015/16 -2019/20 Tanzanian Institution/Dept: Institute of Human Settlement Studies (IHSS)Collaborating Institution/s in Sweden: Swedish University of Agriculture (SLU)OBS! All major budget items should be the same for all.        

Tanzania2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEKCurriculum development 300,000 0 0 0 0 300,000Research equipment 54,000 20,000 0 0 0 74,000Maintenance 0 0 0 0 0 0Research consumables 1,600 21,600 21,600 21,600 11,600 78,000Travel 35,000 54,000 55,000 40,000 60,160 244,160Field/Lab work 49,700 14,960 93,700 26,400 22,000 206,760Student's fees 0 60,000 60,000 54,000 72,000 246,000Student's stipend 0 0 0 0 0 0Conferences 0 0 142,800 142,800 0 285,600Publication costs 0 6,400 6,400 6,400 56,000 75,200Travel insurance 800 1,600 5,600 4,800 0 12,800Audit 0 0 0 0 0 0Other costs 0 0 14,400 64,000 14,400 92,800Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 0 0SUB TOTAL 441,100 178,560 399,500 360,000 236,160 1,615,320

Sweden2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEKSupervision 0 500,000 500,000 500,000 225,000 1,725,000Curriculum development 40,000 0 0 0 0 40,000Lecturing on courses 0 0 0 0 0 0Other costs 0 40,000 0 0 40,000 80,000

41

Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 0 0SUB TOTAL 40,000 540,000 500,000 500,000 265,000 1,845,000

ISP - student allowances

2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK

SUB TOTAL 0 64,000 80,000 96,000 0 240,000

GRAND TOTAL 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK481,100 782,560 979,500 956,000 501,160 3,700,500

42

DETAILED BUDGET

Date: April 2015Sub Program: Programme: Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in Tanzania

Component 1: Project 1&2 ): Local PhD Training for 2 Students

Period: 2015/16 to 2019/20

Tanzanian Institution/Dept: Institute of Human Settlement StudiesCollaborating Institution in Sweden: Swedish University of Agriculture (SLU)

OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.

Tanzania

2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK

1.Curriculum development            

1. Needs Assessment 130,000 0 0 0 - 130,00

0

2. Drafting curriculum 50,000 0 0 0 - 50,000

3. Staff Exchange (ARU Staff) 20,000 0 0 0 - 20,000

4. Stakeholders Engagement 80,000 0 0 0 - 80,000

5. Approval process 20,000 0 0 0 - 20,000

Sub Total: Curriculum

Development 300,000 - 0 0 - 300,00

0

2. Research equipment      

1. Laptop 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Research Equipment 0 0   0 - 0

3. Maintenance      

N/A 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Maintenance 0 - 0 0 - 0

4.Research Consumables

1. Books and staionery 0 0 0 0 0

Sub Total: Research

Consumables 0 0 0 0 0

43

5. Travel

1. Return ticket Dar-Stockholm-Dar 20,000 0 0 0 - 20,000

 

Sub Total: Travel 20,000 - 0 0 - 20,000

6. Field/Lab work

1. Fieldwork 0 0 0 0 0

Sub Total: Fieldwork 0 - 0 0 0

7.Student allowances/ISP N/A 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Student's

Allowances 0 0 0 0 - 0

8. Student fees x N/A

Sub Total: Student's Fees 0 0 0 0 - 0

9. Student stipend x 0 0 0 0 0

Sub Total: Student's

Stipend 0 0 0 0 0

# Conferences N/A 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Conferences 0 0 0 0 - 0

# Publication costs

Sub Total: Publication Costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

# Travel insurance            

Staff Travel to Sweden 800 0 0 0 - 800

Sub Total: Travel

Insurance 800 - 0 0 - 800

# Other costs            

Sub Total: Other Costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

# Audit   0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Audit 0 0 0 0 - 0

# Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

44

SUB TOTAL 320,800 0 0 0 - 320,800

Note: SEK 40000 for Swedish partners involvement in New Program preparation is included in the Swedish Budget

Date: April 2015Sub program: Research Training in Research Training in Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in Tanzania

Component 2: PhD-training (Double degree)

Period: 2015/16 to 2019/20

Tanzanian Institution/Dept: Institute of Human Settlement StudiesCollaborating Institution in Sweden: Swedish University of Agriculture (SLU)

OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.

Tanzania

2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/2

0 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK

1.Curriculum development            

Sub Total: Curriculum

Development            

2. Research equipment

1. Laptops 0 20,000 0 0 - 20,000

Sub Total: Research Equipment 0 20,000 0 0 - 20,000

3. Maintenance

Sub Total: Maintenance 0 0 0 0 - 0

4.Research Consumables

1. Books and Stationery   0 20,000 20,000 20,000

10,000 70,000

Sub Total: Research

Consumables 0 20,000 20,000 20,000 10,000 70,000

5. Travel 1.Return Ticket to Sweden

Student0 40,000 40,000 40,000 - 120,000

3. External Examiner-Ticket

0 0 0 40,000

40,000

45

4. External Examiner-living costs

0 0 0 0 20,160

20,160

Sub Total: Travel 0 40,000 40,000 40,000 60,160

180,160

6. Field/Lab work

1. Pilot study (transport & subsistence) 0 14,960 0 0 - 14,960

2. Major field work 0 0 44,000 26,400 - 70,400

3. Thesis writing retreat 0 0 0 0 22,000 22,000

Sub Total: Field/Lab Work 0 14,960 44,000 26,400

22,000 107,360

Student allowances/ISP 0 64,000 64,000 96,000 - 224,000

Sub Total: Student

Allowances 0 64,000 64,000 96,000 - 224,000

7. Student fees x 0 60,000 60,000 54,000 72,000 246,000

Sub Total: Students Fees 0 60,000 60,000 54,000

72,000 246,000

8. Student stipend x 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Students

Stipend 0 0 0 0 - 0

Conferences 1. Travel (students) 0 0 40,000 40,000 - 80,000

2. Travel (supervisor ) 0 0 40,000 40,000 - 80,000

2. Subsistence allowance (5 days)-Supervisor

0 0 33,600 33,600 - 67,200

3. Subsistence allowance (5 days)-Student

0 0 29,200 29,200 - 58,400

Sub Total: Conferences 0 0 142,800 142,800 - 285,600

9. Publication costs

1. Publication 0 6,400 6,400 6,400 - 19,200

2.Thesis printing 0 0 0 0 16,000 16,000

3. PhD Thesis publication 0 0 0 0 40,000 40,000

Sub Total: Publication

Costs 0 6,400 6,400 6,400 56,000 75,200

10. Travel insurance            

46

1. Student travel to Sweden 0 1,600 4,800 4,800 - 11,200

Sub Total: Travel

insurance 0 1,600 4,800 4,800 - 11,200

11. Other costs             0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Other Costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

12. Audit  0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Audit0 0 0 0 - 0

13. Indirect costs            

Indirect costs (office space, communication, utilities) -

Sub Total: Indirect Cost - - - - - -

SUB TOTAL 0 226,960 382,000 390,400 220,160 1,219,520

Date: April 2015

Sub program: Research Training in Research Training in Governance of Land and Municipal Services in Urban Centres in Tanzania.Component 3: Major Competitive ResearchPeriod: 2015/16 to 2019/20Tanzanian Institution/Dept: Institute of Human Settlement StudiesCollaborating Institution in Sweden: Swedish University of Agriculture (SLU) OBS! Major budget items should be the same for all. The budget details may differ.

Tanzania2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK1. Research equipment 1. Laptops 30,000 0 0 0 - 30,000

2. Tape recorders and transcribers & GPS 24,000 0 0 0 - 24,000

Sub Total: Research Equipment 54,000 0 0 0 - 54,000

2. Maintenance 0 0 0 0 - 0 Sub Total: Maintenance 0 0 0 0 - 0

47

3. Research Consumables Materials and stationery 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 8,000

Sub Total: Research Consumables 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 8,000

4. Travel 1. Transport 15,000 14,000 15,000 0 - 44,000 2. Return ticket student 0 0 0 Sub Total: Travel 15,000 14,000 15,000 0 - 44,0005. Fieldwork

1. Researchers Field Allowances 37,700 0 37,700 0 - 75,400

2. Research Assistants 12,000 0 12,000 0 - 24,000 Sub Total: Fieldwork 49,700 0 49,700 0 - 99,4006. Student allowances/ISP 0 0 16,000 0 - 16,000

Sub Total: Student's

allowances 0 0 16,000 0 - 16,0007. Student fees x 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Student's Fees 0 0 0 0 - 0

8. Student stipends 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Students Stipend 0 0 0 0 - 0

9. Travel insurance 0 0 800 0 - 800

Sub Total: Travel

insurance 0 0 800 0 - 800# Other Costs

1. Retreat for final research report preparation 0 0 0 32,000 - 32,000

2. Symposium 0 0 0 32,000 - 32,000

3. Swedish Partners travel to TZ for research ( Budget for Swedish partners below) 0 0 0 0 0

3. Training Workshop and Seminars on Valuation 0 0 14,400 0 14,400 28,800

Sub Total: Other Costs 0 0 14,400 64,000 14,400 92,800# Audit 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Audit 0 0 0 0 - 0# Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

Sub Total: Indirect Costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

SUB TOTAL 120,300 15,600 97,500 65,600 16,000 315,000           

Sweden2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total

SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK

48

1. Supervision x 250 000

1. Supervision in Sweden 0 350,000 350,000 350,000 175,000 1,225,000

2. Supervisor's visit to Tanzania

0 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 200,000

3. Student cost while in Sweden

0 100,000 100,000 100,000 - 300,000

Sub Total: Supervision 0 500,000 500,000 500,000 225,000 1,725,000

2. Curriculum development

1. Input in drafting curriculum- SLU staff travel expenses to Tanzania

40,000 - 0 0 - 40,000

3. Lecturing on courses0 0 0 0 - 0

4. Other costs

1. Supervisor travel expenses to Tanzania for PhD supervision

- 0 0 0 - -

2. KTH staff visit to Tanzania for Research, workshop and seminar

0 40,000 0 0 40,000 80,000

Sub Total: Other Costs - 40,000 - - 40,000 80,000

5. Indirect costs 0 0 0 0 - 0

SUB TOTAL 40,000 40,000 0 0 40,000 120,000

TOTAL   40,000 540,000 500,000 500,000 265,000 1,845,000

GRAND TOTAL

2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 Total SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK SEK481,100 782,560 979,500 956,000 501,160

3,700,500

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Enclosure 7Partnership Agreements (MoU) between the Parties

Refer to the overall (University) programme proposal

50

Enclosure 8Report of programmes which have received previous funding from Sida for Collaboration with Ardhi University

Refer to the overall (University) programme proposal

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Enclosure 9: 2191 – Information to Applicant for Swedish research Training Partnership Programme with Tanzania 2015-2020

1. Response to Comments from Swedish Embassy in Tanzania on Reviewed ProposalS/No Comment Response Remark

1

2 post-doctoral Training This proposal on “Governance of land and municipal services” does not have post-doctoral training but two PhD training by coursework.

The issue of “double degree” awards will be addressed at university level.

2

2 Local MSc Training The proposed MSc local training will only be supported in the development of the MSc curriculum.

The proposed MSc in Urban Governance and Environmental Studies is expected to be demand drives hence, will attract at least 5 students per intake. By the end of the programme there will be 3 intakes starting 2016 and at least 10 graduates.

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