Washington and Lee prides itself on its ability to incorporate principles of Sustainability and Sustainable Development into a wide variety of disciplines and departments. Listed below are all the courses, either related or directly focused on Sustainability, that were available to undergraduate students during the 2015-2016 school year.

If you have any further questions, please contact: Kimberly Hodge, hodgek@wlu.edu, (540) 458-4041

Course Number

Course Title Department Related or Focused

Course Description

AFCA 130 Intro to Africana Studies

Africana Studies R This seminar, taught collaboratively in four discrete modules, introduces students to the issues, debates, and moments which have shaped and continue to shape the broad and complex field of Africana Studies and the multifaceted experiences and aspirations of peoples of African descent. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

BIOL 105 Intro to Behavioral Ecology

Biology R Interdisciplinary study of the physical principles of animal navigation and sensory mechanisms. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal's physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies could be more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

BIOL 111 Foundations of Biology

Biology R A variety of courses, such as Biodiversity, Marine Biology, and Disease Ecology, that provide valuable insight to issues surrounding environmental issues and factors affecting sustainability.

BIOL 113 Biology Lab Biology R A course in which students take their knowledge gathered in introductory Biology classes and apply them to real-life examples in and out of a lab. A highlight of the course is an extensive analysis of water quality and ecology of local streams and watersheds.

BIOL 150 Genetic Engineering and Society

Biology/Chemistry R Humans have manipulated genes for thousands of years to make better crops and to domesticate animals. But in the last century the ability to transfer genes from one organism to another ("genetic engineering") has dramatically changed our understanding of biology and our lives. In this course, we explore the nuts and bolts of genetic engineering and a small sampling of its applications, including developing drugs and vaccinations, enhancing crops, testing for genetic diseases, and genetic testing in the courtroom.

BIOL 195 Managing Insect Pests

Biology F All over the world, pest insects pose a huge threat to quality of life due to their impact on agriculture and human health. The constant struggle against pests has led historically to some desperate control strategies, such as mass spraying of DDT. Advances in our understanding of insects have led to novel and more responsible control techniques, but the troubled past of pest management has led to public distrust. As we explore the science, history, economics, and ethics of integrated pest management, students evaluate the issue from the perspectives of farmers, consumers, and global health.

BIOL 217 Aquatic Ecology Biology F This course provides a comprehensive introduction to the ecology of local freshwater systems, with emphasis

on current issues relating to their conservation and restoration efforts.

BIOL 220 Genetics Biology R A study of the three main branches of modern genetics, including population genetics (the study of the variation of genes between and within populations), necessary for understanding the factors surrounding biodiversity and sustainability.

BIOL 223 Virology Biology R A study of those obligate intracellular parasites known as viruses, that infect both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including viral structure, mode of infection and replication, regulation of viral life cycle. Discussions include viral diseases in humans, a key factor in sustainable living and global poverty/health.

BIOL 225 Medicinal Plant Biology

Biology R From Taxol to Vitamin C plants provide important medicinal products for humans. This course is an introduction to the study of plant form and function from the perspective of the utilization of plants by humans for medicinal purposes. Related to the concepts of natural resources, resource depletion, and global health.

BIOL 240 Zoology at St. Andrews

Biology R A study of zoology with emphasis on the evolution of diversity through adaptive radiation and strategies for existence among the major animal groups, from simplest to most complex forms. Taught at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland.

BIOL 267 Bioengineering and Bioinspired Design

Biology R Interdisciplinary study of the physical principles of animal navigation and sensory mechanisms. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal's physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies could be more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

BIOL 282 Dynamics of Biological Systems

Biology R This course discusses how biological systems, ranging from single cells to entire human populations, change over time. Students learn to describe a biological system quantitatively, create a model of the system's dynamics, and make testable predictions.

BIOL 295 Yellowstone Ecology

Biology F An in-depth look at the ecology of the Yellowstone region, as well as current issues affecting its conservation and sustainable use/development.

BIOL 301 Statistics for Biology and Medicine

Biology R This course examines the principles of statistics and experimental design for biological and medical research. The focus is on the practical and conceptual aspects of statistics, rather than mathematical derivations. Some statistical examples may involve sustainability and conservation.

BIOL 310 Microbiology Biology R A broadly based course in the study of microorganisms, specifically: prokaryotic cells, microbial diversity, and the effects of microbes in the world, in society and in the bodies of animals and plants. It concerns the central role of microbiology as a basic biological science that enhances our understanding of the biology of higher organisms.

BIOL 325 Ecological Modeling and Conservation Strategies

Biology F This course is an intensive introduction to foundational methods in ecological modeling and their application, with emphasis on the dynamics of exploited or threatened populations and developing strategies for effective conservation. Topics include managing harvested populations, population viability analysis,

individual based models, and simulation modeling for systems analyses.

BIOL 332 Plant Functional Ecology

Biology R This field-based laboratory course covers topics which investigate the vital roles that plants play in shaping Earth's ecosystems. Topics focus on the responses of native plants to environmental stresses, such as global climate change (elevated temperature and carbon dioxide and drought), herbivory, and invasive species.

BIOL 340 Evolution Biology R An examination of the evidence for evolution and the mechanisms by which evolution occurs. Related to biodiversity and necessary to understand some factors of sustainability.

BIOL 398 Conservation Ecology

Biology F The recognition, late in the 20th century, that biological diversity is threatened with precipitous decline, has stimulated a great deal of research, as well as the emergence of a new scientific discipline: conservation ecology. The aim of this course is to introduce you to some of the major ideas and research efforts in ecology, especially as they relate to conservation of biodiversity.

BUS 180 International Corporation Responsibility and Sustainability

Business F Students learn about and visit real-life examples of case studies and businesses utilizing responsible sustainability practices in Denmark.

BUS 211 Marketing Management

Business R An exploration of strategic marketing. Throughout the course, significant attention is devoted to international issues, the interrelationships between marketing and other disciplines, and the role of ethically and socially responsible marketing.

BUS 217 Management and Organizational Behavior

Business R This course examines the factors which influence individual, group, and firm behavior in the context of the workplace. Topics covered include individual differences, business ethics, group behavior, decision making, and global poverty and inequality.

BUS 304 Human Rights and Business

Business R This course explores how business can work with human rights in a corporate context to manage stakeholder demands and expectations as well as to explore new opportunities. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

BUS 335 Ethics of Globalization

Business R This seminar examines a number of ethical issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization. Questions concerning the ethics of globalization are approached through an analysis of a few specific topics, such as immigration, humanitarian intervention, and global poverty and inequality.

BUS 337 Economic Globalization and Multinational Corporations

Business R This course focuses on the historical and present effects and issues of economic globalization, and the role of multinational corporations in a global economy. Topics covered include the natural environment, labor, development, poverty and inequality, etc.

BUS 345 Business Ethics Business R An examination of the moral and ethical issues associated with management policy and executive decisions, including the justice and fairness of economic systems, environmental friendliness and sustainability, and discrimination in the workplace.

BUS 381 Social Entrepreneurship

Business R Social entrepreneurship is an approach to creating system-level change though the application of entrepreneurial thinking and problem solving to social ventures, non-profit organizations, government institutions, and non-governmental organizations to

create economic, environmental, and social value for multiple stakeholders.

BUS 391 Corporate Social Responsibility

Business F The course provides students an opportunity to explore corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability challenges from within an organization. The course is taught in Denmark, regarded as one of the most progressive economies in terms of CSR implementation.

CHEM 298 Mechanisms of Cancer

Chemistry R An advanced study of the underlying biochemical mechanisms that lead to cancer formation. This course also explores current cancer treatments and therapeutics, and employs a heavy emphasis on the current primary literature. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and health.

DANC 240 Contemporary Modern Dance History

Dance R This course is a study of the manifestations of American modern dance from the beginning of the 20th century to the present. Students explore the relationship between dance and developments in U.S. culture, particularly paying attention to gender studies. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

ECON 101 Principles of Microeconomics

Economics R Survey of economic principles and problems with emphasis on analysis of consumer behavior, firm behavior, market outcomes, market structure, and microeconomic policy. Usage of sustainability examples, as well as being related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty.

ECON 102 Principles of Macroeconomics

Economics R Continuation of survey begun in ECON 101, with emphasis on performance of the aggregate economy. Analysis of unemployment, inflation, growth, and monetary and fiscal policies. Usage of sustainability examples, as well as being related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty.

ECON 186 Land in Lakota Culture, Economics, and History

Economics/SOAN R A review of the history of Lakota land from 1851 to present and its importance to Lakota cultural identity, political sovereignty, and economic development. We examine specific federal policies including the treaties of 1851 and 1868, the extermination of the buffalo herds, the confiscation of the Black Hills, the creation of the reservation system, and the Dawes Act among others.

ECON 203 Econometrics Economics R Explorations of regression models that relate a response variable to one or more predictor variables. Usage of sustainability examples.

ECON 229 Urban Economics Economics F A study of the economics of cities. Students discuss why cities exist, what determines city growth, and how firms make city location decisions. We then shift our focus to within-city location decisions, and we discuss land-use patterns, housing, and neighborhoods. Our discussion of housing and neighborhoods focus on a number of issues related to urban poverty, including the effects of segregation and housing policies on the poor.

ECON 230 Labor Economics Economics R The mechanisms and institutions which govern the allocation of labor in the American economy. The composition, quantity, and quality of the labor force; the functioning of labor markets and labor market policy; and wage determination and the distribution of income. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty/inequality.

ECON 234 Urban Education: Poverty, Ethnicity, and Policy

Economics F Students explore the determinants of education achievement and attainment in urban education through three weeks of fieldwork in schools in the Richmond area (Monday through Thursday each week) and seminar meetings in Lexington. Extremely aligned with the sustainability challenge of global poverty and the role of education in sustainable development.

ECON 235 Economics of Social Issues

Economics F This seminar is based on readings that set out hypotheses developed by economists and other social scientists regarding the causes and consequences of a wide range of social problems. Evidence examining the validity of these hypotheses is scrutinized and evaluated. The course is writing intensive and interdisciplinary since readings are drawn from a wide variety of fields. Topics discussed include, but are not limited to, poverty, education, health, crime, race, ethnicity, immigration, and fiscal matters.

ECON 236 Economics of Education

Economics F Investigation of the role of education on outcomes for both nations and individuals. Understanding of the factors in the education production function. Emphasis on the challenges of pre-K-12 education in the United States; secondary coverage of postsecondary education. Analysis of the effect of existing policies and potential reforms on the achievement and opportunities available to poor and minority students.

ECON 237 Health Economics

Economics R An overview of the determinants of health using standard microeconomic models to analyze individual behavior, markets, institutions, and policies that influence health and health care. The primary focus of the course is the United States but also includes comparisons to health systems in other developed countries and very limited coverage of developing countries. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty.

ECON 238 Poverty and Inequality in the U.S.

Economics F This course takes an economic approach toward investigating recent trends in poverty and inequality in the U.S., focusing on evaluating alternative explanations for who becomes (or remains) poor in this country. Factors considered in this investigation include labor-market trends, educational opportunities, family background, racial discrimination, and neighborhood effects. Aspects of public policy designed to alleviate poverty are discussed, as well as its failures and successes.

ECON 255 Environmental and Natural Resource Economics

Economics F The course serves as an introduction to environmental and natural resource economics. Economic principles are used to evaluate public and private decision making involving the management and use of environmental and natural resources. Aspects pertaining to fisheries, forests, species diversity, agriculture, and various policies to reduce air, water and toxic pollution will be discussed.

ECON 274 China’s Modern Economy

Economics R Economic analysis of the Chinese economy in the 20th century. Issues include the population problem, industrialization, provision of public health and education, alleviation of poverty and inequality.

ECON 276 Health Economics in Developing Countries

Economics R A survey of the major issues of health economics. with a focus on developing countries. Economic modeling of health-related issues, supply and demand of health, cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis, health goals, and policy alternatives. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and health.

ECON 280 Development Economics

Economics R A survey of the major issues of development economics. Economic structure of low-income countries and primary causes for their limited economic growth. Economic goals and policy alternatives. Role of developed countries in the development of poor countries. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

ECON 295 Women in the Economics R This course explores how economic theory and analysis

Economy can be applied to examine the multiple roles that women play in our society. In particular, we examine linkages and changes in women's human capital, marriage, fertility, family structure, and occupation and labor supply decisions in the post-World War II era, and investigate the magnitude and causes of the gender wage gap. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

ENGL 207 Eco-Writing English R An expeditionary course in environmental creative writing. We research the science and social science of the ecosystems explored, as well as the language of those ecosystems.

ENGL 292 British Literature: Queered Science

English R We often assume that the sciences are, or should be, objective. Taking an interdisciplinary and historically broad approach, we explore how notions of sex/gender, sexuality, and race have unfolded through scientific frameworks, and examine how queer ideas have transformed such epistemologies in turn. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

ENGL 293 American Literature: Sex and Intimacy

English R This course surveys the formations of intimate feelings in the literature from Hawthorne's take on Puritans to Ginsberg's open celebration of gay sex. We will look at how different periods of American culture - the Romantics, Realists, Moderns, and post-Moderns - represent intimacy, its relation to gender and race. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

ENGL 312 Gender, Love, and Marriage in the Middle Ages

English R A study of the complex nexus of gender, love, and marriage in medieval legal, theological, political, and cultural discourses. Reading an eclectic range of texts, we consider questions of desire, masculinity, femininity, and agency, as well as the production and maintenance of gender roles and of emotional bonds within medieval conjugality. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

ENGL 359 Literature by Women of Color

English R This course focuses on the intersection of race and gender as they meet in the lives and identities of contemporary women of color via literature. Our readings, discussions and writings focus on the work that "coming to voice" does for women of color, and for our larger society and world. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

EDUC 200 Foundations of Education

Education R An introduction to the issues relating to American public education in the 21st century. Students are introduced to information about teaching strategies and school policy upon which future courses can build. Emphasis is given to school efforts to create environments which promote equity and excellence within a multicultural system. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality, as well as to the importance of education in sustainable living and development.

EDUC 201 Foundations of Education: Practicum

Education R A course designed to take the knowledge gained in EDUC 200, and apply it to real-life scenarios in the local Rockbridge County area. Students work with teachers and students in the immediate school district.

EDUC 215 Earth Science and Chemistry for K-6

Education R This 30-hour required seminar includes a review of key science content for the elementary classroom, as required by the Virginia Standards of Learning. Topics include: the Interrelationships in Earth/Space Systems; Earth Patterns, Cycles, and Change; Earth Resources; and Matter. Emphasis is placed on helping elementary children understand the underlying concepts of science.

ENGN 267 Bioengineering Engineering/Biology R Interdisciplinary study of the physical principles of

and Bioinspired Design

animal navigation and sensory mechanisms. This course integrates biology, physics, engineering, and quantitative methods to study how an animal's physiology is optimized to perform a critical function, as well as how these biological systems inspire new technologies could be more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

ENV 110 Intro to Environmental Studies

Environmental Studies

F An interdisciplinary introduction to environmental studies with an emphasis on how societies organize themselves through their social, political and economic institutions to respond to environmental problems. The course concludes with an examination of contemporary environmental issues, including global warming, invasive species, energy and the environment, tropical deforestation, and the relationship between the environment and economic development in developing countries.

ENV 111 Environmental Service Learning

Environmental Studies

F Practical application of student knowledge of environmental issues based on supervised volunteer work in the greater Rockbridge community. Topics will include environmental education, campus sustainability, conservation and sustainable agriculture in the surrounding region.

ENV 207 Nature and Place Environmental Studies

R This course explores a variety of ideas about and experiences of nature and place through a consideration of work drawn from diverse disciplines including philosophy, religious studies, literature, art, and anthropology.

ENV 250 Ecology of Place Environmental Studies

F Think globally, study locally. This course explores globally significant environmental issues such as biodiversity conservation, sustainable delivery of ecosystem goods and services, and environmental justice, as they are manifested on a local/regional scale. We examine interactions among ethical, ecological, and economic concerns that shape these issues.

ENV 295 The Ecology of Amazonia

Environmental Studies

F An in-depth look at the geological and hydrological aspects of the Amazon Basin, as well as the economic and social factors affecting and hindering sustainable development in the region.

ENV 395 The Environmental Philosophy of Aldo Leopold

Environmental Studies and Philosophy

R This course is an in-depth examination of Aldo Leopold, arguably the sminal figure in the history of environmental ethics, and his thought. Topics, among others, include his land ethic, his views on wilderness and sustainability, and the connection between biodiversity and ecosystem function.

GEOL 101 General Geology Geology R The study of our physical environment and the processes shaping it. The materials and structure of the Earth's crust, the origin of the landforms, the concept of geologic time, and the nature of the Earth's interior are considered. Necessary for the understanding of natural resources and their conservation/depletion.

GEOL 105 Geology of Hawaii

Geology R An introductory study of earth science and the geology of the Hawaiian Islands.  Its purpose is to provide an unparalleled opportunity to observe a wide variety of geologic processes in action, while staying off-campus in Hawaii. Included are factors working against sustainable development and natural resource conservation specific to Hawaii.

GEOL 141 Global Climate Change

Geology F A study of Earth's complex climate system and the impact of human activities on future climates. Through readings, discussions, data analyses and modeling exercises, the past and future changes in temperature, ocean circulation, rainfall, storminess, biogeochemistry, glacial ice extent and sea level are explored.

GEOL 150 Water Resources Geology F An examination of the quality and quantity of water resources as a limiting factor for life on earth. Issues include resource depletion, pollution, historical use and over-use, remediation, habitat maintenance, and water supply mechanisms. Resource constraints are analyzed from a scientific perspective in order to understand water resource problems and envision solutions.

GEOL 155 Oceanography Geology R Introduction to physical oceanography and marine geology; tides, waves, currents, and the interaction of oceans and atmosphere; submarine landscapes; and sedimentary, volcanic, and tectonic activity in the ocean basins. Related to natural resources and their conservation/depletion.

GEOL 230 Field Methods in the Appalachians

Geology R An introduction to the study of geology in the field with special attention to the methods used by geologists to make, record, and interpret field observations. The course includes study of and field trips in the central Appalachian region, with challenges to sustainable development and natural resource conservation specific to the Appalachians studies.

GEOL 240 Hydrology Geology R Systems and processes of water movement on and below the Earth's surface. Encompasses the theoretical and applied aspects of soil moisture, runoff, flooding, groundwater movement, and water-well use. Numerical evaluation of flow properties from field and lab data describing water movement in soils, aquifers, and streams. Related to natural resources and their depletion/conservation.

GEOL 373 Regional Geology of the Colorado Plateau

Geology R A study of the regional geology of the Colorado Plateau and the Grand Canyon. The American Southwest is home to some of the most spectacular and diverse geology on the planet and the Grand Canyon lays open one of our greatest geological stories. In this course, students study a record of deep time preserved in the canyon walls and the plateau above the rim of one of our greatest geological wonders. Attention is paid to the challenges to sustainable development and natural resource conservation specific to the area.

HIST 219 The Age of the Witch Hunts

History R of the Western world: the witch hunts in early-modern Europe and North America. Between 1450 and 1750, more than 100,000 individuals, from Russia to Salem, were prosecuted for the crime of witchcraft. Most were women and more than half were executed. In this course, we examine the political, religious, social, and legal reasons behind the trials, asking why they occurred in Europe when they did and why they finally ended. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 228 Women in Russian History

History R Students read many accounts by and about Russian women to gain an understanding of how Russian women have been affected by wars, revolutions, and other major events and, simultaneously, how they have been agents of change from the beginnings Russian history up to the present. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 257 Women in American: 1609-

History R An examination of women's social, political, cultural and economic positions in America through the immediate post-Civil War. Changes in women's education, legal

1870 status, position in the family, and participation in the work force with emphasis on the diversity of women's experience, especially the manner in which class and race influenced women's lives. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 259 African-American People to 1877

History R An intensive study of the African-American experience from the colonial period through Reconstruction. Special emphasis is given to the slave experience, free blacks, black abolitionists, development of African-American culture, Emancipation, Black Reconstruction, and racial attitudes. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 269 Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age

History R An intensive survey of urban African American life from 1911 to 1940, with particular emphasis on the Harlem Renaissance and the Jazz Age.  Our study examines art, literature, music, black intellectual thought, and political developments of the period. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 279 Africa in Western Imagination

History R From benefit concerts to AIDS charities to study abroad literature, Africa is everywhere. And yet it is frequently explained only in absence or in suffering. Rather than being a place that is defined by what it is, often Africa is viewed by what it is not, and the term 'Afro-pessimism' has been coined by some to criticize such solely negative depictions of a vast and varied continent. This course draws on literature and popular culture to discuss the very idea of 'Africa' and how the concept has been created, redefined, re-imagined, and (de)constructed in differing times and spaces. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 354 The History of the American Welfare State

History R This course surveys the history of the U.S. welfare state from its origins in the poorhouses of the nineteenth century to the "end of welfare as we knew it" in 1996. The historical development of the American welfare state is covered. Moving beyond simple policy history, students engage such questions as how the U.S. welfare state has reflected, reinforced, and in some cases produced class, racial, and gendered identities.

HIST 379 Queering Colonialism

History R This course seeks to examine the many intersectional and overlapping threads in the histories of colonialism, gender, and sexuality. As authors like Achmat and Cohen have argued, colonialism has simultaneously supported and been supported by heteronormative, patriarchal, and white-supremacist regimes. This course looks at three avenues in which the 'normal' has been both created and contested in colonial histories: the body, belonging, and becoming. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

HIST 387 China’s Environmental History

History F The course covers the more recent periods of China's so-called "3,000 years of unsustainable growth" from about A.D. 618 into the present. Themes focus on China's historical experience with sedentary agriculture, fossil fuel and nuclear energy, wildlife and forest management, disease, water control, and major construction projects like the Great Wall.

JOUR 101 Intro to Mass Communications

Journalism R Students learn to tell the difference between fact and opinion and examine the links among theory, research and professional experience, while analyzing the ethics, methods, and motivations of the media and the expectations of their audiences. We discuss how media cover diversity issues and evaluate the policies and freedoms that guide and shape the mass media and the news media in the United States. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

JOUR 240 Poverty in the Media

Journalism F An in-depth examination of portrayals of poverty, chiefly in the United States, from the late 19th century to the present through an intensive review of distinguished print journalism, nonfiction books, documentary film, and movies. By consulting social science literature as well, students gain a deeper understanding of the various conceptual paradigms through which poverty has been understood and explained.

JOUR 270 Digital Media and Society

Journalism R Facebook, YouTube, and iPhones are popular, if not essential elements in college students' busy lives. Being born into the digital age, students have grown up with profound and rapidly-changing media and communication technologies, yet likely take them for granted. This course takes an in-depth look at digital media, exploring the relationship between technology and social change. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

JOUR 295 Media Bias: Beyond Right and Left

Journalism R Many of our conversations and opinions on the news media come back to bias, but we rarely take the time to interrogate our own perspectives about it. In this course, students do just that, delving into the history and sociology of journalism and the psychology of our own news consumption to go beyond popular conservative and liberal theories of bias and find out how the news media really works. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

LACS 101 Introduction to Latin American and Caribbean Studies

Latin America and Caribbean Studies

R A multidisciplinary, introductory course designed to familiarize students with the pertinent issues that determine or affect the concept of identity in Latin American and Caribbean societies through a study of their geography, history, politics, economics, literature, and culture. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

LIT 295 The Human Rights Question in African Literature

Literature R From the days of African empires, through the slave trade, colonization, the cold war, civil wars, to the 1994 genocide in Rwanda and today's persistent debates over the benefits and deficits of immigration and globalization, human rights have always been present, even in their absence, at the core of Africa's relations with herself and with others. No mode of expression in Africa has interrogated this issue more than the continent's literature.

MATH 101E Calculus I with Biology Applications

Math R his section has a strong emphasis on biological applications, and is intended to benefit students interested in biological majors and health-related careers. Usage of sustainability examples.

NEUR 422 Snacking and Obesity

Neuroscience R Each student conducts primary research in partnership with a neuroscience faculty member by prior mutual agreement, in this case involving snacking and obesity. Related to the sustainability challenge of global health and inequality.

PHIL 150 Ethics and the Environment

Philosophy R This course is a philosophical exploration of one's responsibilities to the natural world. It has three main objectives: first, to provide an understanding of different dominant ethical theories and their application to animals, plants, and ecosystems; second, to provide an understanding of major environmental issues in current political debates, such as climate change, species preservation, and sustainable development; and third, to facilitate the development of a student's own ethic towards the environment.

PHIL 242 Social Inequality and Fair

Philosophy R An exploration of the different range of opportunities available to various social groups, including racial,

Opportunity ethnic and sexual minorities, women, and the poor. Topics include the social mechanisms that play a role in expanding and limiting opportunity; legal and group-initiated strategies aimed at effecting fair equality of opportunity as well as an analysis of the concepts of equality.

PHIL 243 Martin Luther King Jr.: Poverty, Justice, and Love

Philosophy R This course offers students the opportunity to examine the ethics and theology that informed the public arguments about poverty made by one of the 20th century's most important social justice theorists and activists, Martin Luther King Jr., as well as the competing views of his contemporaries, critics, forebears, and heirs. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

PHIL 244 Feminist Social and Political Philosophy

Philosophy R This course critically examines the gender norms that pervade our identities, govern our everyday behavior, and organize our social life. Questions addressed may include: What is gender? In what ways does it affect the quality of women's and men's lives? Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

PHIL 282 Philosophy of Biology

Philosophy R An examination of philosophical issues raised by biology, with an emphasis on current evolutionary theory. Topics include the structure of the theory of evolution by natural selection, an examination of the concepts of fitness and adaptation, the role of teleological explanation in biology, reductionism, the nature of biological species, individuality, levels of selection, and sociobiology. Necessary for knowledge of species diversity and sustainable development.

PHIL 335 Ethics of Globalization

Philosophy R This seminar examines a number of ethical issues raised by the phenomenon of globalization. Increasing economic, cultural, and political interconnections have created a host of new questions about how to conceive of the moral rights and responsibilities of individuals, multi-national corporations, nation-states, and global institutions within this new global framework. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty, as well as the usage of sustainable and environmental examples.

PHIL 399 Seminar on a Living Philosopher

Philosophy R Students have the opportunity to exchange ideas with, and critique the ideas of, someone at the forefront of the field, in this case Dale Jamieson, an environmentalist and philosopher with four books written and more than 100 articles published. He focuses primarily on environmental ethics and environmental policy, with special emphasis on the ethics of climate change, animal rights, and agricultural practices.

POL 100 American National Government

Politics R A study of the constitutional origins and historical development of the national government with special attention to Congress, the presidency, the judiciary, and the role of political parties, interest groups, and the media in the policy process. Usage of sustainability examples.

POL 105 Global Politics Politics R A survey of the comparative study of national and international politics and the interaction between the two. Topics may include power relations among and within states, changes in the conduct of international affairs and conflict resolution, contrasting ideas about democracy, economic development, justice, globalization, terrorism, causes and alternatives to war, social movements and the role of the nation-state. Usage of sustainability examples, as well as dealing

with the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.

POL 180 Ethics of Citizenship

Politics R This seminar is a thorough survey of the concept of citizenship, with a focus on its historical origins, ethical implications, and contemporary global challenges. We examine a wide range of issues that raise important ethical and political questions concerning citizenship today including difference, inequality, poverty, immigration, and global governance.

POL 232 Public Policy Politics R Introduction to public policy formation and implementation, decision making in government, the concepts and techniques of policy analysis, and ethical analysis of policy. Policy issues such as education, the environment, and public health are used as illustrations.

POL 233 Environmental Policy and Law

Politics F A study of major environmental laws and the history of their enactment and implementation. Discusses different theoretical approaches from law, ethics, politics, and economics. Reviews significant case law and the legal context. Emphasis is on domestic policy with some attention to international law and treaties.

POL 255 Gender and Politics

Politics R This course investigates the gendered terms under which women and men participate in political life. Attention is given to the causes of men's and women's different patterns of participation in politics, to processes that are likely to decrease the inequalities between men's and women's political power, and the processes by which society's gender expectations shape electoral and institutional politics. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

POL 294 Food Policy Politics R This course introduces students to the institutions and politics of U.S. food-and-farm policy. Major considerations include farm-and-food policy history, tools of governance, and political issues. Specific topics include the farm bill (economics and conservation), poverty & nutrition programs, food industry regulation, and food safety.

POL 380 Food, Shelter, Space, Voice: Movements for Democratic Renewal

Politics R This seminar studies grassroots efforts to re-vision liberal democracy in the midst of prolonged economic crisis. Students examine the political critique embedded in international movements to rethink how and what we eat; investigate the reworking of the relationship between community belonging and housing practices following the global mortgage crisis; and dig into the challenges to the demarcation of the public and private posed by movements such as Occupy, the Puerto del Sol protests in Madrid, and the recent conflict that emerged from government plans to redevelop Taksim Gezi Park in Istanbul. Related to the sustainability challenges of global inequality and poverty.

POV 101 Poverty: An Interdisciplinary Introduction

Poverty F An exploration of the nature, scope, causes, effects and possible remedies for poverty as a social, moral, political and policy, economic, legal, psychological, religious, and biological problem. The course focuses on domestic poverty but also considers poverty as a global problem.

POV 102 Fieldwork in Poverty and Human Capability

Poverty F Sustained critical reflection on pivotal issues in poverty studies based on supervised volunteer work, journals, and weekly discussions and papers related to the readings in 101.

POV 295 Child Abuse and Neglect

Poverty R This seminar examines the response of the legal system to issues of child abuse and neglect. Attempts by courts and legislators to define abuse and neglect are reviewed and critiqued. The seminar also explores the legal framework which governs state intervention to protect children from abuse and neglect. Related to the sustainability challenges of global inequality.

POV 296 Freedom and Unfreedom

Poverty R This course is taught in a classroom at Augusta Correctional Center in Craigsville. VA. Students attend class together with offenders who are pursuing higher education while in custody at the center. Poverty and incarceration both raise essential questions about scope, nature, and limits of human freedom: Students consider several classic and contemporary theories of freedom with special attention to the human capabilities approach, a cornerstone of the poverty studies program. We explore where freedom comes from, whether and to what extent poverty and incarceration are forms of unfreedom, and whether certain forms of freedom are compatible with these conditions.

POV 423 Poverty and Human Capability: A Research Seminar

Poverty F An inquiry into principal factors or agents responsible for the causes, effects, and remedies of poverty. This examination is conducted through reading appropriate in-depth studies from various disciplines and perspectives, and it culminates with an independent research project into specific aspects of poverty drawing on students' internships and respective areas of study and looking forward to their professional work and civic engagement.

POV 453 Shepherd Internship

Poverty F Eight-week summer internship working with individuals and communities. Supervised work with agencies in business and economic development, community organizing, education, environmental advocacy, health care, law, religious ministry, and social services that engage impoverished persons and communities. Eight weeks of full-time work is preceded by an orientation to prepare the interns and followed by a closing conference for interns to reflect critically on what they have learned.

PSYC 114 Introduction to Social Psychology

Psychology R The scientific study of how individuals' feelings, thoughts, and behavior are affected by others. Topics include prejudice, the self, interpersonal attraction, helping, aggression, attitudes, and persuasion.

PSYC 269 Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Psychology R This course examines cognitive and affective processes involved in stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Causes and social implications of prejudice involving various stigmatized groups (e.g., African-Americans, women, homosexuals, people of low socioeconomic status, overweight individuals) are examined. Participants focus on attitudes and behaviors of both perpetrators and targets of prejudice that likely contribute to and result from social inequality. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

PSYC 403 Directed Study on Stereotypes and Prejudices

Psychology R A seminar involving independent reading and research, in this case involving the role of stereotypes and prejudices on the human brain and cognitive development. Related to

PSYC 432 Technology and Psychology R A seminar involving heavy reading, study, or an

Health internship, in this case involving the relationship between technology and health. Related to the sustainability challenge of global health, poverty, and inequality.

REL 224 American Indian Religions, Landscapes, and Indentities

Religion and Sociology and Anthropology

R Drawing on a combination of scholarly essays, native accounts, videos, guest lectures, and student presentations, this seminar examines the religious assumptions and practices that bind American Indian communities to their traditional homelands. The seminar elucidates and illustrates those principles concerning human environmental interactions common to most Indian tribes; focuses on the traditional beliefs and practices of a particular Indian community that reflected and reinforced the community understanding of the relationship to be maintained with the land and its creatures; and examines the moral and legal disputes that have arisen out of the very different presuppositions which Indians and non- Indians hold regarding the environment.

SOAN 101 Introduction to Anthropology

Sociology and Anthropology

R An examination of people and their cultures. An introduction to the techniques employed by the physical anthropologist, archaeologist, and ethnographer is provided. Specific subjects considered include: the physical prerequisites to the acquisition of culture, archaeological interpretation of cultural behavior, and the influences of culture upon the individual and society. Sustainability examples used.

SOAN 102 General Sociology

Sociology and Anthropology

R Human society: culture, personality, human nature, social groups, associations, and institutions; analysis of major institutions and of modern social trends. Related to the sustainability challenges of global inequality.

SOAN 228 Race and Ethnic Relations

Sociology and Anthropology

R An analysis of minority groups in America. Theories of ethnicity are examined focusing on the relationship between class and ethnicity, and on the possible social and biological significance of racial differences. Attention is also given to prejudice and discrimination, as well as to consideration of minority strategies to bring about change. Related to the sustainability challenges of global inequality and poverty.

SOAN 266 Neighborhoods, Culture, and Poverty

Sociology and Anthropology

R This course examines social-scientific research on the determinants of poverty, crime, and ill health by focusing on neighborhoods as the sites where many of the mechanisms impacting these outcomes operate. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty.

SOAN 280 Gender and Sexuality

Sociology and Anthropology

R An anthropological and sociological investigation of sex roles in preliterate and modern societies. Special consideration is given to the role of innate sexual differences, cultural variation, technology, and power in determining patterns of male dominance. Emphasis is placed on real and mythical female and male power in the context of changing relationships between men and women in American society. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

SOAN 288 Childhood Sociology and Anthropology

R This course explores the experience of childhood cross culturally, investigating how different societies conceptualize what it means to be a child. Our readings progress through representations of the lifecycle, starting with a discussion of conception, and moving through issues pertaining to the fetus, infants, children, and adolescents. We discuss socialization, discipline,

emotion, education, gender, and sexuality, with special attention given to the effects of war, poverty, social inequality, and disease on children and youth.

WGS 120 Introduction to WGS and Feminist Theory

Women and Gender Studies

R This course introduces students to the fields of feminist theory and women's and gender studies by focusing on key theoretical concepts and surveying a range of topics that have been central to the academic study of women and gender. Such topics are likely to include the family as a social institution, gender in the workplace, beauty norms, violence against women, the history of feminist activism, and/or women's achievements in traditionally male-dominated fields such as sports, art, science, or literature. Students learn to approach such topics using gender as an analytical tool that intersects in complex ways with other categories of social power, such as race, class, and sexuality.

WGS 180 Gender and Sport

Women and Gender Studies

R This course introduces students to the fields of feminist theory and women's and gender studies by acquainting students with key theoretical concepts of the discipline, while exploring how the social practices and representations of sport are influenced by the gendered social framework within which they occur. Through an interdisciplinary approach, students learn to use gender as an analytical tool that intersects in complex ways with other categories of social power, such as race, class, and sexuality, focusing on the domain of sport.

WGS 235 Beauvoir on the Power of Gender

Women and Gender Studies and Philosophy

R Sixty years after its initial publication, The Second Sex is as eye-opening and relevant as ever. Simone de Beauvoir's masterpiece weaves together history, philosophy, economics, biology, and a host of other disciplines to analyze the Western notion of "woman" and to explore the making and the power of gender and sexuality. Related to the sustainability challenge of global inequality.

WRIT 100 Writing Seminar Writing R A First-Year writing seminar including a variety of topics, such as “Immigrant Voices”, “Sex, Race, and Time”, and “Pretty Hurts”. Related to the sustainability challenge of global poverty and inequality.