Stars & Stripes US Edition Alaska 041114

FRIDAY, APRIL 11, 2014Volume 6, No. 17 ©SS 2014

No easy answers

TRAGEDY AT FORT HOOD

Experts say the shooter fit the profile, but whether rampage killers can be identified beforehand remains ‘an exceptionally challenging question’

� DOD yet to decide if it will review gun policy » Page 3� Officials lay out timeline of shooting spree » Page 4

Page 2

An American flag flies at half-staff on Sunday in Killeen, Texas, to honor the three killed and 16 wounded in the Fort Hood shootings on April 2.TAMIR KALIFA/AP

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PAGE 2 • S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • Friday, April 11, 2014

COVER STORY

Experts say Fort Hood shooter fit profile of rampage killer

TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY/AP

Army Spc. Ivan Lopez killed three people and wounded 16 others in a shooting at Fort Hood, Texas, on April 2, before killing himself.

AP

Civilian contractor and Navy veteran Aaron Alexis killed 12 people before being killed by police in last year’s rampage at Washington’s Navy Yard.

USUHS/AP

Maj. Nidal Hasan, an Army psychiatrist and Islamic extremist, killed 13 people and wounded more than 30 at Fort Hood in 2011.

What they want is to reverse the scenario that has dominated their lives — being looked down upon by others in that institution; the habitually dominated seek a moment of dominating others.

Randall Collinssociology professor, University of Pennsylvania

BY NANCY MONTGOMERY

Stars and Stripes

He was depressed, ac-cording to the Army. He claimed he suf-fered a brain injury and also had post-traumatic stress.

The search for answers as to why Spc. Ivan Lopez opened fire on strangers at Fort Hood on April 2, killing three and wounding 16 before turning the weapon on himself, may take months to resolve, if ever.

Some experts, however, believe that Lopez fits the profile of a typi-cal rampage killer motivated most often by simmering resentment and revenge rather than a sudden burst of rage. Those experts, none of whom knows Lopez, based their assessment on years of study about the dynamics of mass killings.

“The notion of a deranged gunman who suddenly snaps and goes berserk is more myth than reality,” James Alan Fox, professor of criminology at Northeastern University, wrote in an article for CNN last year. “Rather, mass murderers act methodically and with purpose. They see others, often the former boss or supervi-sor, as the people who are to blame for their miserable existence … the

idea of getting even becomes all consuming.”

Media reports have focused on Lopez’s mental health state, such as whether he had PTSD, and suggested that the Army was somehow culpable for failing to treat someone who might be violent.

Rampage shooters do sometimes have apparent serious mental health issues that drew concern before their murderous sprees. They include shooters at the Colorado theater, the Arizona shopping mall, the U.S. Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., and the Sandy Hook elementary school in Connecticut. But they all harbored resentments, experts say, and blamed others for what they believed were injustices against them. Whether they could have been stopped in advance is “an exceptionally chal-lenging question” including civil liberties, medical ethics, guns and

gun laws, according to the progres-sive magazine Mother Jones, which did an extensive investigation into mass shootings.

Anne Speckhard, an adjunct as-sociate professor of Psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical School, said she believed that mental health problems were the cause and that Lopez was unstable.

“I see a guy whose mother just died, who according to a friend is ‘en-raged’ that he cannot get enough time off to go to her funeral. In the same time frame, he is asking for help and taking medications for anxiety and depression …,” Speckhard said in an email.

“Then he goes to the base, gets in an argument and goes on a shooting spree. This looks like someone who cannot control his emotions or im-pulses well and was destabilized by something — the deaths in his family,

the psychotropic [drugs], the moves, something in his past,” she said. “I think the mental health problems are the best explanation.”

But experts in rampage killings say Lopez’s actions suggest his shoot-ing spree was largely the result of a long-brewing dissatisfaction with his life and his Army career, combined with externalization of blame, or scapegoating.

“Rampage killers are persons who have been humiliated,” said Randall Collins, a sociology professor at the University of Pennsylvania who has studied scores of mass shooters. “What they really want is to fix their image. It’s ‘I’m going to show these people.’ ”

Lopez, 34, was a decade or more older than almost all others of his rank. He became an active-duty sol-dier in 2010, according to the Army, after years spent at a part-time National Guard job, and according to reports, as a police officer in his na-tive Puerto Rico.

“You go from being a cop — cops always get deferred to — now he’s in the Army, he’s a truck driver, he’s low-ranking. That’s a real drop in status,” Collins said in a phone interview.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 3

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April 11, 2014 3S TA R S A N D S T R I P E S

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• S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • PAGE 3Friday, April 11, 2014

COVER STORY

FROM PAGE 2

Further, changing from being an infantryman to a truck driver as Lopez did in February would also be per-ceived in the Army as a step down.

Lopez was diagnosed with depres-sion, claiming a traumatic brain injury and was being evaluated for post-trau-matic stress. The Army maintains he saw no combat and suffered no injuries in the four months he spent in Iraq in 2011.

Collins said mental health com-plaints could have been a “sort of a script, almost like a cover story.”

“Other people are making these claims — mental health issues kind of fit into the existing culture. It’s kind of a standard gripe,” he said.

Lopez was incensed, his family said, when commanders declined to give him the amount of leave he requested to attend his mother’s funeral.

The day of the shooting, he’d gotten into a dispute, officials said, apparently about another leave.

That could have been the trigger-ing, rage-inducing humiliation, Collins said.

The fact that the shooting occurred on an Army base isn’t especially notable, experts said. Mass shooters, most of them middle-age men, most often target their families, Fox said, but they also often strike at their place of employment. Younger mass shoot-ers have targeted schools, malls and theaters.

They target hated individuals they believe are responsible for their un-happiness. Or they shoot whomever is present in what Fox calls “murder by proxy.”

“What they want is to reverse the scenario that has dominated their lives

— being looked down upon by others in that institution. The habitually domi-nated seek a moment of dominating others

“This fills their horizon; the ram-page killer rarely plans what happens next. In all his elaborate planning, he has made no plans for escape,” Collins wrote in September 2012 on his blog, The Sociological Eye. “The mass kill-ing is the final, overwhelming sym-bolic event of his life.”

The Lopez case is the third time someone associated with Fort Hood committed a public mass shooting in Killeen, Texas.

Maj. Nidal Hasan, an Army psy-

chiatrist and Islamic extremist, killed 13 people and wounded more than 30 others at Fort Hood in 2011. Hasan, whose shooting spree ended after he was shot by police, bought his weapons at the same Killeen store where Lopez bought the .45-caliber Smith & Wesson semi-automatic handgun he used on his victims before killing himself when confronted by police.

Now on the military’s death row, Hasan claimed he’d killed troops about to deploy to Afghanistan to protect the Taliban, and his actions are widely viewed as ideologically driven terrorism.

But he also fit the profile of a mass

murderer: a middle-age outsider discontent with his job and powerless to change it. The Army categorized the event as workplace violence.

Less often mentioned is the so-called Luby’s massacre in 1991. Unemployed merchant seaman George Hennard, 35, crashed his pickup truck through the front window of a local cafeteria then shot 50 people, killing 23, before killing himself.

Hennard’s father was an Army colo-nel, a surgeon and the commander of Fort Hood’s Darnall Army Community Hospital in the late 1970s.

The Lopez case is similar to that of Sgt. John M. Russell, 44, who shot five people at a combat-stress clinic on the outskirts of Baghdad in 2009.

At his court-martial, Russell’s defense claimed that Russell, on his third deployment, was suicidal. He’d “snapped,” according to his lawyers, because of maltreatment from incom-petent mental health providers.

But prosecution witnesses told of an aging, unsuccessful soldier who struggled at work.

Prosecutors said that Russell grew irate and ultimately murderous be-cause he was not being evacuated out of Iraq after saying he was suicidal, that he blamed clinic workers and wanted revenge. They pointed out that after he stormed out of the clinic, he stole a truck and an M16 and returned to the clinic, a drive that took some 40 minutes. He smoked a cigarette, removed identification tags and the rifle’s optical sight, slipped in the back door, and started firing. Russell was sentenced to life without parole last [email protected]

BY JON HARPER

Stars and Stripes

WASHINGTON — The Pentagon has yet to decide whether it will review a ban on troops carrying concealed weapons onto bases in the wake of last week’s Fort Hood shooting.

Current policy allows military police and some other personnel to carry loaded weapons deemed essential to their duties. Other servicemembers can bring personal weapons onto bases, but only under tightly regulated circumstances, such as when they engage in hunting or target practice.

Some Republican lawmakers have called for allowing servicemembers

to carry weapons onto military fa-cilities for their own protection after Spc. Ivan Lopez used his .45-caliber pistol to kill three soldiers and wound 16 people at Fort Hood before taking his own life after being confronted by an armed military policewoman.

“As this [criminal] investigation continues to unfold, we will seek con-tinued resolution and continued in-crease in focus on specifically what it is that we’ll be reviewing policywise. For now, the focus is getting the in-vestigation completed, taking care of the wounded and their families, and bringing Fort Hood back as rapidly as possible to normal operations,” Pentagon spokesman Col. Steve Warren said Monday in response to a reporter’s question about whether the

ban will be reviewed.“We’ve not yet announced a policy

review [and] it’s too soon to tell [if there will be one],” Warren said.

In a Senate Armed Services Com-mittee hearing last week, Gen. Ray Odierno, the Army chief of staff, suggested that a policy change wasn’t necessary because the current level of force protection is sufficient.

Lt. Gen. Mark Milley said that Lopez purchased the gun that he used to kill and wound his fellow sol-diers March 1 at a store called Guns Galore in Killeen, Texas.

Lopez illegally brought the weapon onto Fort Hood the day of the shooting.

Milley said around 100,000 people work at the base, and it would be im-practical to search all of them before

they enter the facility.Officials said that Lopez was

undergoing mental health treatment for depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances before he went on his shooting spree.

Warren confirmed that mental health professionals are allowed to ask troops if they plan on buying a weapon if they believe they might be mentally unstable, but said he didn’t know if anyone asked Lopez about his intentions to purchase a firearm.

“Presumably [the answer] will come out when the investigation is complete. But that’s certainly going to be an integral part of the investiga-tion moving forward,” Warren [email protected]: @JHarperStripes

Pentagon: Too soon to tell if gun policy will be reviewed

TAMIR KALIFA/AP

Lucy Hamlin and her husband, Spc. Timothy Hamlin, wait for permission to re-enter Fort Hood, Texas, after the shootings on April 2.

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COVER STORY

Photos courtesy of the U.S. Army

A map shows the pertinent locations of the crime scene at Fort Hood, Texas.

Fort Hood officials detail shooting spree

Chris Grey, spokesman for the Army’s Criminal Investigation Division, speaks to the media at Fort Hood on Monday. He explained the sequence of events and the path that Spc. Ivan Lopez took last Wednesday during the mass shooting spree.

Comprehensive coverage of the recent Fort Hood shootingsstripes.com/go/forthood

BY JENNIFER HLAD

Stars and Stripes

FORT HOOD, Texas — Around 4 p.m. Wednesday, Spc. Ivan Lopez argued with fellow soldiers about his request for time off and how that request was being processed, a spokesman for the Army’s Criminal Investigation Command confirmed.

Minutes later, Lopez drew a semi-automatic handgun and began shoot-ing, killing one soldier and wounding nine more in his unit’s administrative office near the intersection of 72nd Street and Tank Destroyer Boule-vard, Chris Grey said Monday in a news conference at Fort Hood.

But Lopez was not finished. He left the building, got into his car and started driving, shooting at two more soldiers standing behind the building and traveling very slowly in the wrong lane, headed toward his own office.

When he arrived, Lopez shot a soldier in the motor pool office, fatally wounding him, then walked to the vehicle bay area in the same building, where he wounded two more soldiers, Grey said.

Lopez got back in his car and drove toward the medical brigade building, Grey said. While driving, Lopez shot into the windshield of an approach-ing car, injuring the passenger, Grey said. Once he arrived at the medical brigade building, Lopez shot and wounded a soldier in the parking lot, killed the soldier manning the front desk and fired at other soldiers inside the building, wounding one more.

“At this point, we do not know why he entered the building, and we may never know why,” Grey said.

Still, Lopez continued, getting back into his car and driving to another transportation battalion building, where he was approached by a mili-tary policewoman who had respond-ed to 911 calls, Grey said. The woman fired at Lopez, but missed, an autopsy confirmed. Lopez then turned the gun on himself, Grey said.

The rampage did not last long — about 8 minutes from the first 911 calls, Grey said — but ended with Lopez and three other soldiers dead and 16 more wounded. Five remain in area hospitals but are improving, of-ficials said. The others have returned to duty.

Lopez was being treated for anxiety and depression, among other health problems, and was undergoing a diagnosis for possible post-trau-matic stress disorder, Army officials have said. However, Lt. Gen. Mark

Milley, commander of III Corps and Fort Hood, said April 4 that investi-gators believe the argument prompt-ed the shooting.

Grey said investigators are still working to determine a motive.

Officials have not confirmed why Lopez was seeking a permissive tem-porary duty, or whether his request was denied. Permissive TDY may be authorized for career management, to participate in a court proceeding as a witness or juror, for house hunting, to attend civilian education programs, to attend meetings related to a soldier’s profession and to participate in sports or recreation activities, among other scenarios, according to the Army’s official leave policy. No reason was given as to why Lopez was seeking time off.

Stars and Stripes has filed an open records request for the leave policies specific to Lopez’s Fort Hood unit, the 49th Transportation Battalion (Movement Control), 4th Sustain-ment Brigade, 13th Sustainment Command.

Lopez reportedly was angry he had received only a short amount of leave to travel home to Puerto Rico for his

mother’s funeral in November, when he was still assigned to the Fort Bliss, Texas-based 4th Battalion, 6th Infan-try Regiment. Lopez was assigned to Fort Hood in February.

There is no evidence Lopez had ever been convicted of or involved in any other criminal activity, Grey said, and no evidence so far that he was connected to any terrorist or extremist groups.

Investigators have collected more than 235 pieces of evidence and canvassed more than 1,100 people in connection with the shooting and have now released the crime scene back to Fort Hood, Grey said.

Fort Hood has opened behavioral health resources — usually avail-able only to Tricare beneficiaries — to Army civilians and contractors associated with the shooting and created a behavioral health hot line for anyone seeking help, said Col. Paul Reese, III Corps chief of current operations.

[email protected] Twitter: @jhlad

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• S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • PAGE 11

BY CHRIS CARROLL

Stars and Stripes

WASHINGTON — At the tail end of the Ameri-can entanglement in Vietnam, a war-weary and di-vided nation was looking for something — anything — to feel good about.

The 591 military POWs released by North Viet-

nam in early 1973 were it.“We were a plus — a bright spot for the country,”

said Tom Hanton, an Air Force fighter pilot freed in late March that year after being held for nine months in Hanoi.

But in the days before “thank you for your service” had become an everyday salutation, the acclaim often didn’t spread further, even though millions of American troops served in Southeast Asia. The enthusiastic welcome home, punctuated by patriotic parades and speeches, was gratifying but left some feeling slightly uneasy.

“Looking back on it, we as POWs were treated as the only heroes of the Vietnam War,” said Hanton, now president of the Association of Vietnam War POWs.

“The others — the guys slugging it out in the jungle — generally didn’t get treated as heroes,” he said. “That was unfair.”

The country’s attitude represented a remarkable U-turn compared to previous wars. Never before

had prisoners of war taken on the iconic status con-ferred on them during the war in Vietnam.

Changing attitudesIn earlier years, the nation had broadly regarded

POWs as unpleasant realities of conflict and sometimes even as representations of cowardice or failure, said Northwestern University historian Michael J. Allen.

“There’s a long tradition in western military history to think of prisoners as having failed, or of being signs of weakness,” said Allen, author of “Until the Last Man Comes Home,” a history of the POW/MIA movement. “After Vietnam, however, the returning POWs were very much regarded as heroes and given particular honors and awards to recognize their imprisonment and suffering.”

While the prisoners languished in Vietnamese captivity for years and suffered brutal torture, starvation and isolation, a mass movement and CONTINUED ON PAGE 12

Friday, April 11, 2014

In earlier years, the nation had broadly regarded POWs as unpleasant realities of conflict and sometimes even as representations of cowardice or failure.

Courtesy of the U.S. Army GEORGE BRICH/APMAI NAM, PIONEER NEWSPAPER/AP

From left: Vietnam POWs in North Korea walk from a bus to a C-141 and then to freedom ; an American F-105 warplane is shot down, and the pilot ejects and opens his parachute in September 1966 near Vinh Phuc, north of Hanoi; and Lyndall Gutterson, 9, jumps for joy as his father, Col. Laird Gutterson, a POW in Vietnam for more than five years, embraces his wife, Virginia, upon arrival at March Air Force Base, Calif., on March 17, 1973.

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FROM PAGE 11

letter-writing campaign was revving up focused on their welfare.

Many believe the Nixon administra-tion sought to use the frightful experi-ences of the POWs as ammunition to tar the anti-war movement. Parts of that movement — famously includ-ing celebrities who paraded through Hanoi to meet with POWs — were likewise prone to using the prisoners as political props.

From whatever political angle it came, the intense focus on POWs steadily elevated the issue until bring-ing home the POWs ended up at the top of the popular agenda of war aims.

“In the end, what Nixon tried to do completely backfired on him because he had created such a base of support for these men in the United States,” Allen said. “By the end of the war, he was arguing, ‘We can’t pull out of the war simply to win the release of 500-plus men.’ ”

The missingOnce the 1973 Operation Home-

coming was over, many former POW supporters shifted course slightly to focus on thousands of U.S. service-members missing in action in South-east Asia.

It was a painful political issue that

would linger for decades amid accusa-tions of abandonment by government bureaucrats eager to leave the Viet-nam War in the past. The charge was aired in Congressional hearing rooms as well as on the big screen, where ac-tors Chuck Norris and Sylvester Stal-lone led fictional missions to rescue POWs held long after the war.

Reports of white prisoners who were spotted in communist prisons in Southeast Asia, or of shadowy war-time transfers of American officers to Russia in exchange for military assis-tance, fueled the passion of activists. They include former POW and Navy A-6 pilot Eugene “Red” McDaniel, who was shot down in May 1967 dur-ing a bombing mission.

McDaniel’s “backseater” for the mission was Lt. James K. Patterson. Both were in radio contact with U.S. forces after bailing out, but Ameri-can rescuers were unable to reach either man before capture. McDaniel returned home with the 591 troops released in 1973, but Patterson seems to have simply disappeared.

For decades, McDaniel has suspect-ed that the military and U.S. govern-ment knows more than it’s letting on about Patterson and the more than 1,500 Americans still listed as missing in action from Vietnam. He argued for the release of classified records that

he believes would prove a cover-up.“If I had known when I was in a

prison camp what I know now about all of this, I don’t believe I’d have made it,” McDaniel said.

Changing the militaryIn the war in Korea, a number

of captured troops were said to have been “brainwashed” by com-munist propaganda. The result was the famous Code of Conduct, and it was drilled into troops that they were “bound” to give nothing more than basic identifying information to captors.

But the experience of POWs in Vietnam would change the military’s attitude to captivity.

A few heroic POWs died following the code to the letter as they faced an organized torture program in North Vietnamese prison camps. Most found it impossible to fully resist torture, however, and senior POWs modified the code, sending out the word to sim-ply resist as much as possible.

After release, ranking POWs worked with the Pentagon to modify the code to reflect what had been learned in the communist prisons of Vietnam. Some changes were subtle — “I am bound to give name, rank, service number and date of birth” was

shifted to the less dire, “I am required to give …” — but it meant plenty to former POWs.

“The word ‘required’ says you give them as little as you can,” said Mike McGrath, a Naval Aviator captured in 1967 and severely tortured. “The word ‘bound’ means you’re going to die.”

The war in Vietnam had another deep psychological effect on the col-lective military psyche, reflected in greater dedication to recover the bod-ies of those lost in combat, Allen said.

As a result of Vietnam, he said, there’s a more comprehensive effort to recover MIA troops from World War II, for instance, than there was im-mediately following the war. Echoes of Vietnam affect current operations as well, he said.

“It’s grown … to the point there have been firefights simply to recover dead soldiers,” Allen said. “That’s a result of a mythos that has grown in the all-volunteer force, that the mili-tary will not allow the civilian leader-ship to abandon it as it believes it was abandoned in Vietnam. The recovery of human remains is an expression of that idea.”

[email protected]: @ChrisCarroll

Reunion of Honor brings 8 veterans back to Iwo Jima

LISA TOURTELOT/Stars and Stripes

Owen Agenbroad, a veteran of the battle for Iwo Jima, holds up items he collected on the battlefield in 1945 before Reunion of Honor ceremony . Through research, Agenbroad found Yoshikazu Higuichi, the son of the Japanese soldier to whom the items originally belonged, and returned them.

See more photos and video from the ceremony at stripes.com/go/reunion

BY LISA TOURTELOT

Stars and Stripes

IWO JIMA, Japan — Eight U.S. veterans recently returned to the scene of one of the bloodiest battles of World War II as part of the 19th annual Reunion of Honor ceremony on Iwo Jima.

For 36 days in 1945, U.S. Marines and soldiers battled 20,000 dug-in Japanese soldiers for control of the remote island, which America want-ed to secure for its strategic location and the use of its runway for bombing runs. At the end of the fighting, more than 6,800 Americans and 18,000 Japanese troops had fallen.

Each year since 1995, retired Lt. Gen. Lawrence Snowden, a vet-eran of the battle, has organized the Reunion of Honor tour, which has hosted veterans and descendants from both sides of the battle to honor the sacrifices made on the black sand island. This year, the event was held on March 19.

Dignitaries and distinguished

guests laid wreaths on their respec-tive sides of the Reunion of Honor memorial, and the Japanese guests also performed a traditional water blessing on the site.

In a smaller ceremony, two men quietly laid to rest a 69-year chapter in their lives.

Owen Agenbroad, a Marine veteran of the battle, found Yoshi-kazu Higuichi, the son of a Japanese soldier who fought and died on Iwo Jima. A few weeks after Agenbroad had been on the island, he found a Japanese straight razor, shaving kit and tin cup in a Japanese fighting position, or pill box.

Agenbroad kept the items in a shadowbox in his Dayton, Idaho, home for decades before he had the writing on the razor translated. A few contacts with Japanese govern-ment officials later, and Agenbroad

had found Higuichi, a retired school principal.

The men spoke briefly through a translator, Higuichi smiling and thanking Agenbroad for bringing those pieces of his father home.

“We are bound by a common his-tory and common values,” Snowden

said . “Our countries have overcome a difficult past to embracing a promis-ing future.”

For more information about the Reunion of Honor, or to support the living Iwo Jima veterans, visit [email protected]

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MILITARY

MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR AWARDS

Some tell a story with words, others with pictures. The annual Military Photographer of the Year competition for servicemembers is judged at the Defense

Information School at Fort Meade, Md. Tech. Sgt. Russ Scalf, of the U.S. Air Force, was named the Military Photographer of the Year. Stars and Stripes photographer Tech. Sgt. Joshua L. DeMotts won second place for Combat Documentation (Operational) and third place for features. Here are a few of the top finishers in several categories.

RUSS SCALF/U.S. Air Force

U.S. Army Sgt. Michael Bodiford, a team leader assigned to 39th Infantry Brigade, climbs Pinnacle Mountain on Sept. 5, 2013, near Little Rock, Ark. Bodiford scales the mountain several times per week as part of his physical training regimen, designed to prepare him for the Army’s Warrant Officer Candidate School.

MILITARY PHOTOGRAPHER OF THE YEAR

CHRISTOPHER GRIFFIN/U.S. Air Force

A study by Harvard University shows evidence as to why social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter are so popular and highly addictive for many people.

FIRST PLACE, ILLUSTRATIVE

John Muholland joined the

Air Force at the cut-off age and now nears 30

years old.CHRISTOPHER GRIFFIN

U.S. Air Force

HONORABLE MENTION, PORTRAIT-PERSONALITYAn Afghan soldier who’d just lost both legs due to an IED is restrained by Sgt. James Bell, a crew chief, as the patient was very restless during the medevac flight on Oct. 22, 2013.JOSHUA L. DEMOTTSSTARS AND STRIPES

SECOND PLACE, COMBAT DOCUMENTATION (OPERATIONAL)

See all of the top finishers in each category at stripes.com/go/milphotos2013

The Bill of Rights


Amendment ICongress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Amendment IIA well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Amendment IIINo Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.


The Bill of Rights


THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.

RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz.

ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.

10 April 11, 2014S TA R S A N D S T R I P E SPAGE 14 • S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • Friday, April 11, 2014

Max D. Lederer Jr., PublisherTerry Leonard, Editorial DirectorTina Croley, Enterprise Editor

Amanda L. Boston, U.S. Edition EditorMichael Davidson, Revenue Director

CONTACT US529 14th Street NW, Suite 350Washington, D.C. 20045-1301

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Additional contact information: stripes.com

This publication is a compilation of stories from Stars and Stripes, the editorially independent newspaper authorized by the Department of Defense for members of the military community. The contents of Stars and Stripes are unofficial, and are not to be considered as the official views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. government, including the Defense Department or the military services. The U.S. Edition of Stars and Stripes is published jointly by Stars and Stripes and this newspaper.

The appearance of advertising in this publication, including inserts or supplements, does not constitute endorsement by the DOD or Stars and Stripes of the products or services advertised.

Products or services advertised in this publication shall be made available for purchase, use, or patronage without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, marital status, physical handicap, political affiliation, or any other nonmerit factor of the purchaser, user, or patron.

© Stars and Stripes, 2014

2nd Cavalry Regiment returns to Germany

PHOTOS BY MICHAEL S. DARNELL/Stars and Stripes

Capt. Riley Redus holds his son, Caleb John, for the first time after returning from a nine-month deployment to Afghanistan with the 2nd Cavalry Regiment on April 7. Below: The soldiers say a quick prayer upon returning home safely to Vilseck, Germany.

BY MICHAEL S. DARNELL

Stars and Stripes

The bulk of the 2nd Cavalry Regiment re-turned home to Vilseck, Germany, on Monday after what will be the final deployment in Afghanistan for most of the soldiers.

During their nine-month tour in Afghani-stan’s southern Kandahar province, the Dra-goons were separated into different security advisement teams that worked with Afghan National Army troops and local Afghan police to secure Saturday’s presidential election.

Regiment commander Col. Douglas Sims said the success of that election — in which an estimated 7 million votes were cast across the country — was a testament to the impact his soldiers had on Afghanistan’s future.

“There wasn’t a single incident at a polling site in any of the Afghan polling sites in south-ern Afghanistan, and then unprecedented vot-ing, an incredible turnout in the south,” he said in a statement.

Sims cited the work of the Americans and Afghans in the months leading up to the elec-tion as one reason why there was relatively little violence in the region where the regiment provided guidance.

“It’s not often a battalion, squadron or regi-ment gets a chance to see the fruits of its labor,” Sims said. “But at the end of this nine months, we were able to see exactly that, with the Af-ghan elections on Saturday. Really, the culmina-tion of a tremendous deployment.”[email protected]

Andrew Carroll began collecting American wartime letters in 1998. Soon they fi lled

his Washington, D.C., apart-ment, then a storage unit.

Now the letters — about 100,000 of them — have a new home address at Chap-man University in Orange, Calif. The university created the Center for American War Letters especially to house the collection Carroll donated.

The letters from war have found a home on the home front. Sounds like a happy ending. Carroll agrees it’s happy, but not an ending. He’s still looking for letters written by military members and their families to add to the collection.

“I’ve been doing this for 15 years, but now that Chapman is involved we are just getting started,” Carroll said.

In addition to collecting correspon-dence, Carroll has published selected letters from his collection in several books, including “War Letters: Extraordinary Correspon-dence from American Wars,” and “Grace Under Fire: Let-ters of Faith in Times of War.”

Traveling across the U.S. on a speaking tour this spring and summer, Carroll plans to research his next book and seek out more letters for the collection. With the Center for American War Letters in place, his request has changed.

“I used to tell people, please don’t send originals, because I’m not a professional archi-vist,” he said. “Now we have this great archive to protect these letters. Photocopies and scans are still great, but we hope that people will consider contributing their originals.”

He said families have been very generous with their letters and told the story of a military wife who contributed a letter from her husband, who died in Vietnam.

“He wrote a beautiful letter to her late one night about how he didn’t want to get close to the men in his platoon … because he couldn’t bear the thought of losing a friend. Losing a man would be bad enough,” Carroll said.

“Yet he writes in this letter

how they showed him pictures of their kids and their girl-friends and how he can’t help but come to like these guys. … Three days after he wrote the letter he stepped on a land mine and died soon after. This was the last letter he wrote to his wife, and she gave us the original,” he said.

“People are sending us Civil War letters by their ancestors. We acquired an American Revolutionary letter

— an origi-nal. Now we have origi-nals, from every war in America’s history.”

His quest for letters is not limited to old-fash-ioned mail, though. The Center For

American War Letters welcomes all kinds of

wartime correspondence.“I don’t want people to think

that this generation or their correspondences are not as signifi cant. They’re absolutely as irreplaceable as what’s been written in previous wars. So before that hard drive collaps-es or gets deleted somehow, we hope people will forward them to us or print them out and send them to make sure that this generation is remembered and honored just as much as those in the past.”

Carroll and Chapman Uni-versity want to preserve the letters for their historic value, for scholarly study and for ex-hibition to the general public.

“We want scholars to be able to benefi t from these, but also every day people to really better understand the sacri-fi ces these troops and their families make — in their own words,” Carroll said.

Military members or fami-lies who have letters to donate can mail them to:

Mail to:Andrew CarrollPO Box 53250Washington, DC 20009or email warletters@chap-

man.eduTerri Barnes writes Spouse Calls weekly for Stars and Stripes.

Join the conversation with Terri atstripes.com/go/spousecalls

SPOUSE CALLS

Terri Barnes

Collector looking for more wartime letters

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April 11, 2014 11S TA R S A N D S T R I P E S• S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • PAGE 15Friday, April 11, 2014

The Bill of Rights


Amendment VIIn all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defense.

Amendment VIIIn Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

12 April 11, 2014S TA R S A N D S T R I P E SPAGE 16 • S T A R S A N D S T R I P E S • Friday, April 11, 2014

The Bill of Rights


Amendment VIIIExcessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Amendment IXThe enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Amendment XThe powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

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