StarLab User Guide 1.2

8/19/2019 StarLab User Guide 1.2

1/220

StarLab Version D

User Guide

Reference: TD.224.1.08.SATF.C


2/220

StarLab User Guide 1.2 2 / 220


3/220

This document was last updated on January 2010.

This document contains information that is proprietary to SATIMO Industries, a company ofMicrowave Vision Group. The original recipient of this document may duplicate this documentin whole or in part for internal business purposes only, provided that this entire notice appears inall copies. In duplicating any part of this document, the recipient agrees to make every reasonableeffort to prevent the unauthorized use and distribution of the proprietary information.

This document is for information and instruction purposes. SATIMO reserves the right to makechanges in specifications and other information contained in this publication without priornotice, and the reader should, in all cases, consult SATIMO to determine whether any changehave been made.

Although all precautions have been taken in the preparation of this document, in case of errorsor omissions, we kindly ask you to inform SATIMO.

Copyright© SATIMO Industries Corporation 2010 All rights reserved


4/220


5/220

Contents

Part A - StarLab description

1 Overview of antennas and wireless terminals characterization ............... 13 1.1 General philosophy .................................................................................................................. 13 1.2 Spatial radiating pattern measurements ................................................................................ 14

1.2.1 Direct Measurement Techniques ...................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 Indirect Measurement Techniques .................................................................................... 16 1.2.3 Antennas as an impedance matcher and a plane wave filter ......................................... 20 1.2.4 Application to StarLab ........................................................................................................ 23

1.3 Wireless terminals characterization ....................................................................................... 25

2 System description ................................................................................... 27 2.1

General overview ..................................................................................................................... 27

2.1.1 Coordinate system ............................................................................................................... 27 2.1.2 General architecture ............................................................................................................ 28

2.2 Description of subsystems ...................................................................................................... 34 2.2.1 Arch ....................................................................................................................................... 34 2.2.2 Instrumentation rack ........................................................................................................... 48 2.2.3 BTS conveyor (option) ....................................................................................................... 69 2.2.4 Mounting parts to set up the reference antennas ........................................................... 82 2.2.5 Accessories ......................................................................................................................... 100

3 Safety instructions and installation requirements .................................. 113 3.1 Safety instructions .................................................................................................................. 113

3.1.1

EC Certificate of Conformity .......................................................................................... 113

3.1.2 Safety related symbols used on equipment .................................................................... 114 3.2 Installation requirements ....................................................................................................... 115

3.2.1 Room ................................................................................................................................... 115 3.2.2 Power cabling ..................................................................................................................... 115

3.3 Warranty .................................................................................................................................. 116 3.4 Spare parts ............................................................................................................................... 118

4 Technical specifications and measurement performances ................... 121 4.1 Technical specifications ......................................................................................................... 121

4.1.1 Environmental requirements ........................................................................................... 121

4.1.2

Mechanical specifications ................................................................................................. 122

4.1.3 DUT size ............................................................................................................................. 123 4.2 Measurement specifications .................................................................................................. 125


6/220


Part B - Use of the StarLab

1 Passive mode ........................................................................................... 129 1.1 Overview of the main steps of the near field measurement ............................................ 129 1.2

Set-up and switching the instruments on/off .................................................................... 130

1.2.2 Switch off the equipment ................................................................................................. 130 1.2.3 Passive hardware configuration ....................................................................................... 130 1.2.4 Set-up the DUT ................................................................................................................. 135

1.3 System calibration .................................................................................................................. 136 1.3.1 Why calibrate and the principle of calibration .............................................................. 136 1.3.2 Procedure ............................................................................................................................ 139

1.4 The real time viewer (spherical configuration only) .......................................................... 147 1.5 Spherical measurements ........................................................................................................ 149

1.5.1 Gain calibration .................................................................................................................. 149 1.5.2 DUT measurement procedure ......................................................................................... 154

1.6

Cylindrical measurements ..................................................................................................... 156

1.6.1 Gain calibration .................................................................................................................. 156 1.6.2 DUT measurement procedure ......................................................................................... 164

1.7 Introduction to SatEnv NT as post-processing software ................................................ 165 1.7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 165 1.7.2 SatEnv NT .......................................................................................................................... 165

1.8 Post-processing....................................................................................................................... 169 1.8.1 Input data for the post-processing .................................................................................. 170 1.8.2 Near field to far field transform ...................................................................................... 171 1.8.3 Pattern visualizations ......................................................................................................... 176 1.8.4 Maximum gain .................................................................................................................... 183 1.8.5

Efficiency ............................................................................................................................ 188

1.8.6 Directivity ........................................................................................................................... 191 1.8.7 Holography and back propagation (option) .................................................................. 197 1.8.8 Macros ................................................................................................................................. 198 1.8.9 Exporting data from SatEnv ............................................................................................ 200

2 Active mode (option) .............................................................................. 203 3 Multi-measurement mode (option) ........................................................ 205


7/220


Appendixes

1. EC Certificate of compliance ................................................................. 212 2. Mast – mechanical drawing .................................................................... 213

3.

Transition panel ...................................................................................... 216

4. SATIMO offices ...................................................................................... 219


8/220


9/220

Preface

Purpose

This guide explains the equipment use in the StarLab system and explains how to use it. This guide will help you to:

understand all the functions of the subsystems,

understand and execute various measurement techniques.

Audience

This guide is for staff and technical experts involved in managing StarLab.

Related documents

Documents relating to this guide include: SatEnv NT, User Guide SPM, User Guide SAM, User Guide SMM, User Guide SatSph / SatMap, User Guide Antenna, Catalog Antenna Measurement Systems / Multi-probe systems, Catalog

RF Safety, Catalog

Typographical conventions

This guide uses the following typing conventions:text in italics : document titles,text in bold: important information.

The following icons indicate safety instructions

Icon Instruction

Warning: hazard that can cause personal injury

Caution: hazard that can cause hardware or software damages

Note:important informationexceptions to rules or procedures


10/220


Terminological conventions

This guide uses standard microwave terminology.

Abbreviations

Provides the extended form of the abbreviations used in this guide.

ASU Active Switching Unit AU Amplification Unit AUT Antenna Under TestBTS Base Transceiver StationCTIA Cellular Telecommunications & Internet AssociationCW Continuous WaveDUT Device Under TestNF Near FieldFF Far FieldPC Personal ComputerPHS Personal Handy-phone SystemRCT Radio-Communication TesterSAM Satimo Active MeasurementSAR Specific Absorption RateSatEnv NT Satimo Environment NTSMM Satimo Multi MeasurementSPM Satimo Passive MeasurementUPS Uninterrupted Power Supply

VNA Vector Network Analyzer WDRA Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor


11/220



12/220


13/220

Part A. § 1 _ Overview of antennas and wireless terminals characterization


Part A. StarLab description

1

Overview of antennas and wireless terminalscharacterization

This chapter provides the following information: general philosophy; spatial radiating pattern measurements; wireless terminals characterization.

1.1

General philosophy

Rapid characterization and pre-qualification measurements are becoming more and moreimportant for the ever-growing number of small antennas, mobile phones and other wirelessterminals. There is a need driven by the wireless industries for a smart test set-up with reduceddimensions and capable of measuring radiating devices.

SATIMO has developed a compact, mobile and cost-effective test station called StarLab, which isable to perform rapid 3D measurements of the pattern radiated by antennas. StarLab uses acircular probe array to allow for real time elevation cuts and volumetric 3D radiation pattern

measurement within a few minutes. It is operating between 800MHz and 6GHz or between800MHz and 18GHz and it can be configured for passive measurements (see Part B – Chapter 1 ) as well as for active measurements (see Part B – Chapter 2 ).

The StarLab is a Near Field multi-probe system (see Part A – Chapter 1.2.2 ) which can beconfigured either in spherical or in cylindrical geometry.

The StarLab test station aims at characterizing antennas for development, pre-qualification orpass/fail production purposes. A key feature of the test station is its compactness allowing it tobe used directly at universities, laboratories or production centres without extra logistics.

SATIMO has developed software to perform all the measurements tasks either in the passivemode or in the active mode, including the real time visualization of the measured radiationpattern, the set-up of the measurement configurations, the calibrations, the acquisitions, the post-processing and the visualization of the measured data. The developed software includes SPM(passive acquisition), Cylindric StarLab (BTS passive acquisition), SAM (active acquisition), SMM(manual configured measurements) and SatEnv NT (post-processing).


14/220



1.2 Spatial radiating pattern measurements

Two measurement systems families can be used to determine far-field radiation characteristics of

antennas. These are commonly distinguished according to their capacity to provide the far fielddirectly or indirectly. Thus, we can talk of:

direct measurement techniques,

indirect measurement techniques.

1.2.1 Direct Measurement Techniques

Direct measurement techniques can be split in three sub-categories as shown in Figure 1:

outdoor far-field range,indoor far-field range,

compact range.

Figure 1: Direct measurement techniques

These three techniques give a direct access to the far field characteristics of the antenna.

Concerning outdoor and indoor far-field ranges, the distance between the probe and the AUThas to be long enough to consider that the AUT is in the plane wave region. This distancecriterion, corresponding to the start of the Fraunhofer zone, takes into account the antennadiameter D and the wavelength λ, i.e. L>2D2/ λ (see Figure 2). These techniques often lead tohuge distances as the antenna aperture is often large with respect to the wavelength. In addition,outdoor installations can be subject to bad weather conditions and are less immune toenvironmental electromagnetic variations.


15/220



Figure 2: From near field to far field

Concerning the compact ranges, the term “compact” means that the installation itself synthesizesa plane wave illumination in a smaller chamber. In reality, these installations are rarely small andthe term “compact” is not very suitable. These installations are often used in the aerospaceindustry for the test of antenna payloads mounted on satellites. They are composed of one or two

reflectors synthesizing a plane wave volume of several meters also called “quiet zone”. Theprinciple is simple: a parabolic surface transforms spherical waves into plane waves where theantenna under test is located. The antenna turns in azimuth and in elevation and theelectromagnetic field measured at the focal point of the system is the far field of the antenna.

These systems are wideband and are very suitable for directive antennas but not for semidirective and omni directional antennas because of:

the quality of the plane wave (i.e. remaining ripple in amplitude and in phase),

the coupling between the positioner and the antenna under test that influence themeasurements especially when the antenna is omni directional.

Moreover compact ranges are generally used above 2GHz (and up to 100GHz). Measurementsdown to 800MHz are almost impossible with this kind of installation due to degraded plane wavequality. A solution consists in adding serrations on the edges of the reflector but to be efficient,

these serrations must have a length between 5 and 15 ; this leads to enormous dimensions.

All these systems give directly the electromagnetic field at far distance, and deliver directlyradiation pattern cuts. But they are not aimed at providing 3D radiation pattern, directivity orefficiency values.

A n t e n n a

Rayleigh

zone

Fresnel

zone

Fraunhofer

zone

Near-field Far-field

D²/2 2D²/

A n t e n n a

Rayleigh

zone

Fresnel

zone

Fraunhofer

zone


D²/2 2D²/

A n t e n n a

Rayleigh

zone

Fresnel

zone

Fraunhofer

zone


D²/2 2D²/


16/220



1.2.2 Indirect Measurement Techniques

Indirect measurement techniques are based on Near Field measurement systems. They takebenefit of the Huygens‟ Principle. This principle demonstrates that it is possible to reconstructthe electromagnetic field in any location of the space from the measurement of the tangential

field on a closed surface surrounding the radiating sources. The measurement of the tangentialfield in near field is subject to a sampling criterion.

This powerful principle can be derived in three different geometries as represented in the Figure3.

Figure 3: Indirect measurement techniques

These measurement techniques are the equivalent of what digital electronics are for analogelectronics. With respecting a sampling criterion, the Near Field information allows toreconstruct the Far Field. In reality, measuring the Near Field gives more information thannecessary. Some specific algorithms can take advantage of this extra information to compute thefield on the aperture of the antenna (back-propagation).

The planar and cylindrical geometries are respectively used for very directive and semi-directiveantennas whereas the spherical geometries are used as well for omni-directional antennas, semi-directive antennas or directive antennas (see Figure 4). When the type of the radiation pattern ofthe antenna cannot be predicted in advance or when several different types of antennas have to

be measured in the same system, the spherical geometry shall be used.

PLANAR

GEOMETRY

CYLINDRICAL

GEOMETRY

SPHERICAL

GEOMETRY


17/220



Figure 4: Examples of radiation patterns measured within a spherical geometry

The near field techniques require a minimum sampling of the field in order to reconstructcorrectly the far field. This mathematical process is commonly called “Near Field to Far Fieldtransformation”.

Among the possible algorithms considered as accurate by the scientific community, SATIMO

uses the one proposed by Hansen based on spherical waves expansion.

The sampling is linked to the wavelength .

In planar geometry, the sampling criterion is easy to understand as it consists in sampling the

field on the plane with a resolution between /2 and /3. The sampling is performed on a plane

generally distant of 2 to 4 from the antenna (see Figure 5).

Direct ional

Antenna

Low

Direct ional

Antenna

Omni

Direct ional

Antenna

Semi

Direct ional

Antenna


18/220



Figure 5: Sampling criterion in planar near field geometry

In case of cylindrical and spherical geometries, the criterion is a bit more difficult to understand.

A sampling of /2 to /3 is required on the minimum sphere surrounding the antenna under testduring its rotation as shown in Figure 6 & Figure 7.

Figure 6: Sampling criterion in cylindrical near field geometry

This criterion shows that the number of points to measure depends on the size of the objectunder test and on the frequency.


19/220



Figure 7: Sampling criterion in spherical near field geometry (SG64)

To summarize, the Far Field systems give a direct access to the vector characteristics of theradiation pattern. The compact ranges perform the Near Field to Far Field transformation thanksto one or two reflectors (hardware Near Field to Far Field transformation).

The Near Field systems decompose the electromagnetic field over a plane wave base thanks to amathematical operator (numerical Near Field to Far Field transformation). This operator is asimple two-dimensional Fourier transform in case of planar geometry, while it is more complexin cylindrical or spherical geometry where a cylindrical or spherical wave expansion is used.

See more description about the Near Field to Far Field transformation in the SatSph /SatMap User Guide

Spheri cal Near-F ield Technique

r

r< /2

r< /2


20/220



1.2.3 Antennas as an impedance matcher and a plane wave filter

It is helpful to describe in a few words what an antenna is, so that the way to characterize itbecomes clearer and will improve. Moreover, it helps to understand the overall accuracy of themeasurement system can be better understood.

Antenna as an impedance matcher

The objective of an antenna is to transmit an information between two points located far awayfrom each other or far enough so that cable link is not a suitable solution. The information iscarried on electromagnetic waves which have their initial source into a transmitter. Thus, theelectromagnetic wave is propagated into a circuit (strip-line, coaxial, guides, etc.) with specificimpedance (usually 50 Ohm) and finally arrives to a system called “antenna” which has theimportant goal to transmit the incident electromagnetic wave into the air.

As the air has an impedance of 377 ohms, the antenna‟s major role is to match progressively theimpedance of the circuit up to the impedance of the air. Otherwise the incident electromagnetic

waves will be reflected and will return into the circuit as soon as they meet obstacles in theirpropagation. Thus the coefficient of reflection of the antenna also called VSWR or S11 of theantenna represents its inability to radiate the field and the returning part of the energy into thecircuit. Consequently, the first mission of an antenna is that of being a good impedancetransformer, so that the incident electromagnetic waves go through it and up in the air withouthaving the feeling of changing medium.

As it is easy to write, it is not easy to achieve. Consequently, all antennas present a transmissionand a reflection coefficient. When the antenna is narrow band in frequency, it is easier to obtain a

lower reflection coefficient. On the contrary it is very difficult to design a broadband antenna with a low reflection coefficient. Thus a compromise has to be found.

Antenna as a plane wave filter

When the energy is released by the antenna, the electromagnetic wave can radiate into free space. The way the antenna is radiating is a function of the geometry of the antenna and of its localenvironment. If the antenna is very small compared to the wavelength, the energy is released inalmost all directions of space, there is no particular angle of propagation. At the opposite, if theantenna is large compared to the wavelength, the energy will be focused toward particular

directions. Consequently, we can define an antenna as a plane wave filter as its capability ofselecting angular directions is more or less important.

Therefore, in an easy manner, we can describe an antenna as an electromagnetic field transducerthat contains an impedance transformer and a plane wave filter.


21/220



To better understand what a plane wave filter means, it is useful to develop each term of thepropagation equation commonly used for describing an electromagnetic wave. As indicated in theFigure 8 an electromagnetic signal is dependent of four parameters, which are:

the frequency,

the time,

the space location,

the angular component.

Figure 8 : Duality between frequency and time domains; space and angular domains

As the frequency and time domain are related through an easy operator (Fourier transform), it isfortunately the same behaviour that links the space domain to the angular domain. To betterunderstand this, it is good to remember that as a conventional harmonic signal is easily measured(in the time domain) by using an oscilloscope, in the frequency domain, when it is necessary tomeasure more complicated signals (i.e. broadband electronic signal), we prefer using a spectrumanalyzer. This equipment is measuring the overall signal and projects each component of thesignal on a pure harmonic basis. Thus, we can observe the weight of each frequency componentinto the signal being measured. So the spectrum analyzer is just an extension of the time domainoscilloscope that uses Fourier transform as a projector on each individual harmonic.

To some extent, the same analogy between the space domain (r domain) and the angular domain(k domain) can be done. While you are measuring electromagnetic field radiation far from anantenna, you can just observe the local plane wave component of the antenna. Thus, you havedirectly information related to the k domain (k is related to angular domain through the relation

kx= kosin cosφ, ky=kosin sinφ, kz=kocos ). Similarly to the frequency domain, the quantityobserved in the k domain corresponds to a projection into plane wave bases (similar to the purefrequency harmonic bases). While measuring in near-field conditions, the space distribution ofthe field becomes more complicated to analyze and more rich in information. This domain ofobservation is called the space domain (S domain in the hereafter description). The measurednear-field doesn‟t immediately represent the plane wave response of the antenna so that a near-field to far-field numerical transformation is necessary to extract the far field component of the


22/220



antenna. This transformation shows similarity with the Fourier transform used to interconnectthe frequency domain and the time domain. When measuring an antenna in a planar geometrythe NF to FF transformation uses a standard 2D Fourier transformation. When measuring anantenna in a cylindrical, or a spherical geometry, the projection into a plane wave basis is a bitmore complicated. In these two geometries, the transformation is based on a modal expansion.

While the geometry is spherical, the local tangent field measured need to be locally described by asuperposition of plane waves. To perform such a description, the local plane wave is generatedthanks to the addition of modal functions called TE modes and TH modes. The weights of TEand TH modes are determined so that from a measurement geometry which is not intrinsicallyplanar, the radiated field can be represented as a plane wave expansion.

Consequence on the accuracy budget

Considering an antenna as an impedance transformer and a plane wave filter, makes it easier toanalyse how an antenna can be characterized properly using a measurement system. The antenna

placed into a measurement system, because of its reciprocity, is able to integrate all defects of themeasurement set-up.

A low gain antenna with omni-directional radiations properties can be considered as a bad filterbecause the antenna has no capability to focus the energy in a dedicated direction. Consequently,if there is any visible reflection in the environment and interaction with the measurement systemas well as with the positioning equipment, it will be possible to observe the impact immediatelyon the radiation pattern. This impact is directly proportional to the level of the reflection.

Thus, an error which is observed on a radiation pattern between 0dB and -10dB level for anomni-directional antenna (antenna with gain from 0dBi to 10 dBi) will be observed with a level

between -10dB and -20dB for a low directive antenna (antenna with gain from 10dBi to 20 dBi). And further, it will be observed with a level between -20dB and -30dB for a directive antenna(antenna with gain from 20dBi to 30 dBi) and finally with a level between -30dB and -40dB for ahighly directive antenna (antenna with gain from 30dBi to 40dBi).

Consequently there are two ways to identify the accuracy of a measurement facility. One consistsof identifying the capability of the range in terms of frequency domain, size of the quiet zone,quality of the quiet zone. For instance, a test range can have -30dB of global reflectivity(including chamber reflectivity, amplitude/phase uniformity of sensors, interaction with themeasurement system, etc.). The other consists in measuring an omni-directional antenna. In thecase of the chamber with -30dB of global reflectivity, the user can expect ripple on main levels of

the pattern (between the maximum and -10 dB) ranging around plus or minus 0.55 dB.


23/220



1.2.4 Application to StarLab

All SATIMO products are adapted to fully describe the electromagnetic properties of theantennas in a minimum amount of time, providing radiation pattern data in any polarization,

linear or circular.

StarLab equipment is suitable to measure the electromagnetic field in a spherical configuration as well as in a cylindrical configuration, with the BTS option. The following figures show a view ofStarLab configured for spherical measurements and a view of StarLab configured for cylindricalmeasurement.

The use of StarLab in spherical configuration is described in Part B – Chapter 1.5 and the use ofStarLab in cylindrical configuration is described in Part B – Chapter 1.6.

Figure 9: StarLab in spherical measurement configuration


24/220



Figure 10: StarLab in cylindrical measurement configuration


25/220



1.3 Wireless terminals characterization

With the growth of the telecommunication sectors, the need to characterize mobile phones and wireless terminals is becoming more and more important. The StarLab equipment allows testingof wireless terminals in several different protocols.

The use of a StarLab with wireless terminals is possible by using optional hardware and software.Such measurements are achieved via a Radio-Communication Tester (RCT) which is capable ofinitiating a call to a mobile under test and measuring the two-way communication link for a widerange of communications standards and frequency bands.

The mobile can be measured both in receive and transmit modes. Output parameters are thepower radiated by the mobile and its sensitivity.

See more descriptions about the active mode in the SAM, User Guide .

The Figure 11 shows a view of StarLab in active configuration.

Figure 11: StarLab in active configuration


26/220



27/220

Part A. § 2 _ System description


2 System description

This chapter provides the following information: general overview;

description of the subsystems; safety instructions and installation requirements; technical specifications and measurement performances.

2.1 General overview

StarLab is a flexible measurement system with functionalities that can be easily extendeddepending on the needs of the user. Indeed, the equipment can interface with a wide range ofdifferent RF measurement devices in order to perform either passive or active measurements.

Moreover two versions are available: the first one for measurements in the 800 MHz – 6 GHzfrequency range, and the second one for measurements in the 800 MHz – 18 GHz frequencyrange.

The baseline configuration is obtained by connecting StarLab to a Vector Network Analyzer(VNA) for passive antenna measurements.

2.1.1 Coordinate system

For the spherical measurements, the coordinate system is shown in Figure 12.

Figure 12 : Spherical coordinate system

Probe 1


28/220



The probe #1 at theta=-157.5° is located at the bottom on the same side, of the arch, asthe electrical box (Control Unit)

For cylindrical measurements (option), the coordinate system is shown in the Figure 13.

Figure 13: StarLab BTS coordinate system

2.1.2 General architecture

The Figure 14 and the Figure 15 show an overview of the 0.8-6 GHz and 0.8-18 GHz StarLabequipments.

StarLab equipment is composed of the following subsystems:1. the arch and the electrical box (or Control Unit);2. the instrumentation rack with:

1.

VNA2. Active Switching Unit (ASU) (for the active mode only)3. Amplification Unit (AU)4. Radio Communication Tester (for the active mode only)5. WiFi unit : WiFi tester and Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor (WDRA) (for the

WiFi mode only)6. industrial PC7. Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) (option);

3. mounting parts to set up the reference antennas;4. accessories.

Each subsystem is described in the next section.

x

y (to Probe 12)z

A U T

S c a n m o v

i n g

Boresight

( =90°, =180°)

x

y z

Probe 1Probe 15

FF Coordinates

AUT

Coordinates

Supprimer theta ??

Confusion avec theta scan

Elevation axis

Height axis

x

y (to Probe 12)z

A U T

S c a n m o v

i n g

Boresight

( =90°, =180°)

x

y z

Probe 1Probe 15

FF Coordinates

AUT

Coordinates

Supprimer theta ??

Confusion avec theta scan

Elevation axis

Height axis


29/220



Figure 14: View of 0.8-6 GHz StarLab system with its dedicated equipments

Figure 15: View of the 0.8-18 GHz StarLab system

AUT 0.8-6 GHzarch

Instrumentationrack


30/220



A specific block diagram corresponds to each measurement configuration.

The Figure 16 represents the general block diagram of the StarLab system.

Figure 16: General block diagram of StarLab


31/220



The Figure 17 shows the architecture for passive measurements. The Figure 18 and the Figure 19represent the block diagram for the spherical and the cylindrical configurations. The Figure 20shows the architecture and the Figure 21 represents the block diagram for the active mode.

Figure 17: Architecture for passive measurements

Figure 18: Block diagram for passive measurements in spherical configuration

Motors and

limit switches

Industrial PC

Amplification

UnitElectrical Box

RF Tx

RF Rx

Control

Probe control

AUT

Probe array

AUT Probe

array

USB

GPIB

VNA

Motors and

limit switches

Industrial PC

Amplification

UnitElectrical Box

RF Tx

RF Rx

Control

Probe control

AUT

Probe array

AUT Probe

array

USB

GPIB

VNA

GPIB

USB

Keyboard

Screen

Mouse

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

Power Supply

MeanPower

Supply

Arch

Electrical Box

AUT

PROBE ARRAY

Amplification

Unit

TX

RXVNA

PORT 1

PORT 2

USB G P I B

CONTROL

G P I B Power Supply

Power

Supply Power Supply

Caption

RF cable (SMA connector)

BF cable (SubD 15 HD connector)

GPIB cable

USB cable

VGA / PS2 / USB cable

Power cable

Control cable (SubD 15 HD connector)

Power cable

Industrial

PC

DEMOD. PROBE / 0.8-6GHz

DEMOD. PROBE / 6-18GHz

GPIB

USB

Keyboard

Screen

Mouse

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

Power Supply

MeanPower

Supply

Arch

Electrical Box

AUT

PROBE ARRAY

Amplification

Unit

TX

RXVNAVNA

PORT 1

PORT 2

USB G P I B

CONTROL

G P I B Power Supply

Power Supply

Power

Supply Power SupplyPower Supply

Caption



GPIB cable

USB cable


Power cable


Caption



GPIB cable

USB cable


Power cable


Power cable

Industrial

PC




32/220


33/220



Figure 21: Block diagram for active measurements

Industrial

PCGPIB

USB

Keyboard

Screen

Mouse

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Arch

Electrical Box

AUT

PROBE ARRAY



Amplification

Unit

Active

Switching

Unit

TX

RX

VNA

VNA / PORT 1VNA / PORT 2

Extra

WIFI Tester

RCT

RCT / PORT 1

RCT / PORT 2WIFI / PORT 1

WIFI / PORT 2

WDRA

C O N T R O L

USB G P I B

GPIB GPIB GPIB

CONTROL

G P I B

E x t r a / P O R T 2


Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

GPIB

GPIB

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

MeanPower

Supply

Caption



GPIB cableUSB cable


Power cable


Power cable

WIFI / PORT 2WIFI / PORT 1

Industrial

PCGPIB

USB

Keyboard

Screen

Mouse

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Arch

Electrical Box

AUT

PROBE ARRAY



Amplification

Unit

Active

Switching

Unit

TX

RX

VNA

VNA / PORT 1VNA / PORT 2

Extra

WIFI Tester

RCT

RCT / PORT 1

RCT / PORT 2WIFI / PORT 1

WIFI / PORT 2

WDRA

C O N T R O L

USB G P I B

GPIB GPIB GPIB

CONTROL

G P I B



Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

GPIB

GPIB

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

MeanPower

Supply

Uninterruptible

Power

Supply

Power

Supply

MeanPower

Supply

Caption



GPIB cableUSB cable


Power cable


Power cable

WIFI / PORT 2WIFI / PORT 1


34/220



2.2 Description of subsystems

This chapter provides an overview of all the hardware and software equipment found in StarLab.

This chapter provides information on the following subsystems:arch and electrical box (available with 0.8-6GHz version and with 0.8-18GHz version);

instrumentation rack;

mounting parts to set up the reference antennas;

some available accessories.

For the BTS option, a conveyor is mounted through the arch. See Part A 2.2.3 for moreinformation.

2.2.1

Arch

The major components of the arch are:

mechanical structure with the absorbers;

probe array with the elevation positioner;

mast with the azimuth positioner;

electrical box (or Control Unit).

The Figure 22 and the Figure 23 show StarLab respectively in 0.8-6 GHz and 0.8-18 GHz

configuration.

Probes and absorbers should not be touched or manipulated to ensure the reliability of theStarLab.


35/220



Figure 22: Overview of the 0.8-6 GHz StarLab arch

Figure 23: Overview of the 0.8-18 GHz StarLab arch

Frame

Electrical Box

AUT

Mast

0.8-6GHz

Probe array

Frame

Electrical Box

AUT

Mast

0.8-6GHz

Probe array

Frame

Electrical Box

Mast

0.8-6GHz

probe array

6-18GHz

probe array

Frame

Electrical Box

Mast

0.8-6GHz

probe array

6-18GHz

probe array


36/220



2.2.1.1 Mechanical structure

The mechanical structure of StarLab is made up of:

frame on wheels;

central structure where the probe array(s) with conformal absorbing material is fixed;

two rings covered with a conformal absorbing material.

The Figure 24 shows a view of the arch with the mechanical parts.

The structure is made of aluminium and is covered with absorbing material in order to reducescattering and reflections from the support structure and the cabling. StarLab equipment ismobile as it sits on wheels. If needed, one of the two rings can be removed easily allowing it topass through a standard single door.

Figure 24: View of the mechanical structure of the arch

Engage the brakes on the wheels when StarLab is in use

See mechanical specifications in Part A - Chapter 4.1.2 for more information about theparts for mounting the reference antennas.

Ring

Frame


37/220



2.2.1.2 Probe array(s)

StarLab is based on SATIMO‟s patented probe array technology. Instead of using mechanicalscanning of one single probe for radiation measurements, StarLab uses electronic scanning of anarray of probes, as shown in the Figure 23. The only mechanical movement needed to perform a

full sphere measurement is a 180 azimuth rotation of the DUT, as described in chapter 2.2.1.3. This means that full 3D radiation pattern measurements can be performed very rapidly comparedto conventional single-probe systems.

Figure 25:Elevation electronically scanned via the probe array

StarLab‟s probe array is composed of two intertwined probe arrays to cover the 0.8-18 GHzfrequency band. The low frequency array consists of 15 dual-polarized 0.8-6 GHz probes

whereas the high frequency array consists of 14 dual-polarized 6-18 GHz probes. All the probesare mounted in vertical/horizontal polarization orientation on a circular structure. The angularspacing between the probes of the same type is 22.5° and the angular spacing between the twodifferent types of probes is 11.25°. The probes protrude through small crossed slits in thesmooth curvature of the absorbers, keeping the reflectivity of the probe array at a minimum.

To characterize small antennas, a sample spacing of 22.5º is sufficient to accurately measure theradiation pattern. To characterize larger antennas, where a finer sampling grid is required, theStarLab offers a unique combination of electronic and mechanical scanning. The StarLab probe

arrays can rotate over ±11.25 in elevation, such that the probes are positioned in offsetlocations. This effectively “fills in the gaps” between the probes and provides the possibility ofunlimited sampling. Combined with the electronic scanning of the probes, the mechanicalelevation scanning allows fast and fully automated measurements with unlimited scan resolutionin both elevation and azimuth.

The internal diameter of the probe array is 90cm, measured from the tip of one probe to the tipof the probe on the opposite side.


38/220



The Figure 26 shows a section of StarLab‟s probe arrays and the Figure 27 the configuration ofthe probe arrays.

Figure 26: The StarLab probe arrays

Figure 27: Configuration of StarLab probe arrays


39/220



The probes consist of two orthogonal antennas which have been specially designed to providegood performance over a wide frequency range. The two antennas are linearly polarized andaligned according to vertical and horizontal polarizations.

The probe cabling is routed along the back side of the mechanical support structure, behind theprobes and the absorbers. Each probe array also holds a passive RF network that combines theRF signals from one family of probes into a single RF connector. A RF switch, located in theelectrical box, selects the RF signal between the two probe arrays.

The use of a passive combiner network provides the full reciprocity of the system. The probearrays can thus be used in either transmit mode (receive with probes) or receive mode (transmit

with probes).

Moreover StarLab is also using a reference channel. This is a bypass of the probes where aportion of the transmit power is going directly to the receiving side. This reference probe can

indirectly compensate for some variations in the system due to, for example, temperature drift.

Please refer to the recommendations of use in Part A - Chapter 3

The Figure 28 shows the combiner network with the reference probe for the 0.8-6 GHz probearray, and the Figure 29 for the 6-18 GHz probe array.

Figure 28: Schematic RF for the 0.8-6GHz probe array

Ref Probe


40/220



Figure 29: Schematic RF for the 6-18GHz probe array

Dividers are 4-port power dividers


41/220



2.2.1.3 Mast

The DUT is located at the centre of the arch on top of a rigid mast. This mast can rotate over360° owing to the azimuth motor, which enables the sampling of the radiated field over the fullsphere surrounding the DUT, as shown in the Figure 30 below.

Figure 30 : Azimuth scanned mechanically via the azimuth motor

The DUT is mounted on this mast via an interface. The Figure 31 shows a picture of the mastand the Figure 30 two examples of configurations.

See Part A - Chapter 2.2.4 to get more information about the parts for mounting ofreference antennas.

From 0deg to

360deg

From 0deg to

360deg


42/220



Figure 31: View of the rigid mast

Figure 32: Examples of DUT mounted on the mast via an interface

See the drawing of the mast in the Appendix 3 to make your own interfaces

A RF cable located inside the mast allows the connection of the DUT to the RF port of theelectrical box. A rotary joint at the bottom of the mast makes the azimuthal rotation possible.


43/220



2.2.1.4 Electrical box or Control Unit

The electrical box is located on the frame of the arch. It makes the connections – RF andcontrol – between the probe array(s) and the instrumentation rack possible. Moreover it suppliesthe electrical power to the motors.

The Figure 33 shows some pictures of the electrical box. The drawing of the Figure 34 shows thedifferent connections.

The electrical box ensures the RF connections between the Amplification Unit, the DUT and theprobe array through switches and couplers. It also ensures the control connection between thecomputer, the probe array(s), the motors of the azimuth positioner and the elevation positionerfor spherical measurements as well as the BTS conveyor for cylindrical measurements.

The Figure 35 and the Figure 36 show the RF architecture respectively for the 0.8-6 GHz and the

0.8-18 GHz StarLab.


44/220



Figure 33: Views of the electrical box (or Control Unit)


45/220



Figure 34: Drawing of the electrical box (front view)

Figure 35: RF architecture of the 0.8-6 GHz electrical box

Emergency stop

Switch for motors power supply

Connections to the amplification unit

(SMA for the RF signaland SubD 15 HD

for the control signal)

Connections to the BTS conveyor

(SMA for the RF signal and electrical

cable for the mechanical limits switchs)

Power supplyUSB connection

Emergency stop

Switch for motors power supply

Connections to the amplification unit

(SMA for the RF signaland SubD 15 HD

for the control signal)

Connections to the BTS conveyor

(SMA for the RF signal and electrical

cable for the mechanical limits switchs)

Power supplyUSB connection

OUT IN

0.8-6GHz coupler

-20dB

AUT

TX BTS IN

Probe array

0.8-6GHz

Reference

probe

DUT RF cable

0.8-6GHz

4- ways divider

Arch

OUT IN

0.8-6GHz coupler

-20dB

AUT

TX BTS IN

Probe array

0.8-6GHz

Reference

probe

DUT RF cable

0.8-6GHz

4- ways divider

Arch


46/220



Figure 36: RF architecture of the 0.8-18 GHz electrical box

The electrical box has been designed to allow the spherical and cylindrical measurements with theBTS conveyor with few external modifications by the user.

See Part A - Chapter 2.2.3 to configure the electrical box for either spherical or cylindricalconfiguration

The connections to the motorisation axis are located on the left side of the electrical box.are shown in

Figure 37: Drawing of the electrical box. Three mechanical axes are available: the linear axis BTSfor the BTS conveyor, the roll axis (not used) and the elevation axis (not used).

TX BTS IN

2

1

C

SP2T-7

Probe array

DUT RF cable

6-18GHz

4-ways divider

0.8-6GHz

4-ways divider

OUT IN

0.8-18 GHz coupler

-20dBAUT

6-18GHz

Referenceprobe

0.8-6GHz

Reference

probe

2

1

C

SP2T-8

Arch

TX BTS IN

2

1

C

SP2T-7

Probe array

DUT RF cable

6-18GHz

4-ways divider

0.8-6GHz

4-ways divider

OUT IN

0.8-18 GHz coupler

-20dBAUT

6-18GHz

Referenceprobe

0.8-6GHz

Reference

probe

2

1

C

SP2T-8

Arch


47/220



Figure 37: Drawing of the electrical box


48/220



2.2.2 Instrumentation rack

The instrumentation rack includes:1. Vector Network Analyser (VNA)2. Active Switching Unit (ASU) (for the active mode only)

3. Amplification Unit (AU)4. Radio Communication Tester (RCT) (for the active mode only)5. WiFi unit : WiFi tester and Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor (WDRA) (for the

WiFi mode only)6. industrial PC7. the Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) in option

The Figure 38 shows a picture of the instrumentation rack with the different subsystems and theFigure 39 shows some pictures of the instrumentation rack in passive mode only and pictures of

the instrumentation rack in passive and active modes.

Figure 38: Pictures of the instrumentation rack with the subsystems

Vector Network Analyzer

Active Switching Unit

Amplification Unit

Radio-Communication Tester

Available space for

Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor

and WiFi Tester

Industrial Computer

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Vector Network Analyzer

Active Switching Unit

Amplification Unit

Radio-Communication Tester

Available space for

Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor

and WiFi Tester

Industrial Computer

Uninterruptible Power Supply


49/220



Figure 39: Pictures of the two instrumentation rack configurations


50/220



2.2.2.1 Vector Network Analyser (VNA)

The VNA is an instrument that measures the transmission and reflection characteristics ofdevices in the frequency domain.

StarLab uses a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) as the RF source and receiver for passiveantenna measurements. The RF connections between the VNA and the DUT or the probe arrayare done via the ASU -if any-, the Amplification Unit and the electrical box.

The VNA is controlled by the industrial PC via a GPIB connection. All the measurementparameters, such as the frequency sweep, the output power or the IFBW, are managed directly bythe software. Frequency is swept rapidly to obtain amplitude and phase information over afrequency band. Amplitude and phase information is measured by the receiver of the VNA and isthen stored by the industrial PC via the SATIMO software.

Contact your SATIMO technical contact person to have the updated list of supportednetwork analysers

The Figure 40 shows an example of a supported device.

Figure 40: Picture of a supported VNA

To not damage the device, please refer to the VNA user guide and follow the indicatedrecommendations

The port calibration of the VNA is not necessary when it is used with the StarLab


51/220



2.2.2.2 Active Switching Unit (ASU)

The Active Switching Unit is available only with the active option.

The ASU is a switch box that automatically selects the used tester according to the measurementmode:

the VNA for the passive mode and the active gain calibration;

the Radio Communication Tester for active mode;

the WIFI tester and Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor for WiFi measurements;

the Extra port for the use of any additional supported devices (GPS, …).

The Figure 41 shows two pictures of the Active Switching Unit.

Figure 41: Pictures of the Active Switching Unit (front and back views)


52/220



The Figure 42 shows the internal schematicof the Active Switching Unit.

Figure 42: Schematic of the Active Switching Unit

The ASU RF losses are specified as -1dB @ 0.8 GHz, -3dB @ 6GHz.

The RF connections to the different measurement devices are located on the front. The RFconnectors to the Amplification Unit, the connectors for control of the WiFi Unit and the Extradevice as well as the GPIB connector are located on the back of the unit, as shown on the Figure43.

.

Fan

VNA / Port 2

Radio Communication Tester / Port 2

WIFI Tester and WDRA / Port 2

AUX / Port 2

2

3

4

1

C

Amplification Unit / RX

VNA / Port 1



AUX / Port 1

2

3

4

1

CAmplification Unit / TX

Absorptive

switch

Absorptive

switch

VNA / Port 2



AUX / Port 2

2

3

4

1

C

Amplification Unit / RX

VNA / Port 1



AUX / Port 1

2

3

4

1

CAmplification Unit / TX

Absorptive

switch

Absorptive

switch


53/220



Figure 43: Drawings of the Active Switching Unit (front and back views)

To avoid damage to the device, complete all connections before switching it on

Blue visual LED

On/Off switch Connections to the devices

(RF - SMA)

Power supplyConnections to the

Amplification Unit

(RF - SMA)

Fan GPIB connector

Connections to the WiFi unit

and to the Extra device

Command bits (SubD 15 HD)

Blue visual LED

On/Off switch Connections to the devices

(RF - SMA)

Power supplyConnections to the

Amplification Unit

(RF - SMA)

Fan GPIB connector

Connections to the WiFi unit

and to the Extra device

Command bits (SubD 15 HD)


54/220



2.2.2.3 Amplification Unit (AU)

The RF Amplification Unit connects the probe array and the DUT through the electrical box orthe Active Switching Unit - if any - to the chosen measurement device such as the VNA.

The AU is composed of three RF channels:a transmitting channel (Tx channel) that amplifies the emitted RF signal. It is composedof a wideband Power Amplifier;

a receiving channel (Rx channel) that amplifies the received RF signal. It is composed of aLow Noise Amplifier and of a slope amplifier;

a transfer switch that allows the StarLab to be reciprocal when transmitting by probes orreceiving by probes.

Two versions of the AU are available according to the StarLab version (0.8-6 GHz or 0.8-18GHz).

The Figure 44 shows some pictures of the Amplification Unit. The Figure 45 & the Figure 46show the internal RF architecture for the 0.8-6 GHz and for the 0.8-18 GHz versions.

On the Rx and Tx channels, SP4T switches allows for the selection of:

the 0.8-6 GHz RF channel for the 0.8-6 GHz frequency band;

the 6-18 GHz RF channel for the 6-18 GHz frequency band;

a direct way with no amplifier for bi-directional RF channel like S11 or WiFi test;

an auxiliary channel with a 50 ohm load for potential extra feature options.


55/220



Figure 44: Pictures of the Amplification Unit (front and back views)


56/220



Figure 45: Schematic of the Amplification Unit for the 0.8-6 GHz version

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

Active SwitchingUnit Tx

2

34

1

C

2

C

2

C

50 Ω

2

34

1

C

50Ω

2

1

C

1

2

C

2

1

C

1

2

C

Electrical Box

probe array

Electrical boxAUT

Reflectiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Reflective

switchReflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptive

switch

Reflectiveswitch

WPA 0.8-6GHz

LNA

0.8-6GHz

Mod/Demod Box

0.8-6GHz

Slope amplifier

0.8-6GHz

Active Switching

Unit Rx

Transfer

switch

0.8-6 GHz channel

Caption

Direct channel

50 Ω 50 Ω

50 Ω 50 Ω

11

1 1

Tx channel

Rx channel

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

Active SwitchingUnit Tx

2

34

1

C

2

C

2

C

50 Ω

2

34

1

C

50Ω

2

1

C

1

2

C

2

1

C

1

2

C

Electrical Box

probe array

Electrical boxAUT

Reflectiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Reflective

switchReflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptive

switch

Reflectiveswitch

WPA 0.8-6GHz

LNA

0.8-6GHz

Mod/Demod Box

0.8-6GHz

Slope amplifier

0.8-6GHz

Active Switching

Unit Rx

Transfer

switch

0.8-6 GHz channel

Caption

Direct channel

50 Ω 50 Ω

50 Ω 50 Ω

11

1 1

Tx channel

Rx channel


57/220



Figure 46: Schematic of the Amplification Unit for the 6-18 GHz version

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

Active Switching

Unit Tx

2

3

4

1

C

2

C

2

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

1

C

50 Ω

2

1

C

1

2

C

2

1

C

1

2

C

Electrical Box

probe array

Electrical boxAUT

Reflectiveswitch

Reflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflective

switch

Reflective

switchReflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

WPA 0.8-6GHz

Mod/DemodBox

6-18GHz

WPA 6-18GHz

LNA 6-18GHzSlope amplifier

6-18GHz

LNA

0.8-6GHz

Mod/Demod Box

0.8-6GHz

Slope amplifier

0.8-6GHz

Active Switching

Unit Rx

0.8-6 GHz channel

6-18 GHz channel

Caption

Direct channel

Transfer

switch

Tx channel

Rx channel

1 1

1 1

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

C

50 Ω

Active Switching

Unit Tx

2

3

4

1

C

2

C

2

C

50 Ω

2

3

4

1

C

50 Ω

2

1

C

1

2

C

2

1

C

1

2

C

Electrical Box

probe array

Electrical boxAUT

Reflectiveswitch

Reflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflective

switch

Reflective

switchReflective

switch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

Absorptiveswitch

Reflectiveswitch

WPA 0.8-6GHz

Mod/DemodBox

6-18GHz

WPA 6-18GHz

LNA 6-18GHzSlope amplifier

6-18GHz

LNA

0.8-6GHz

Mod/Demod Box

0.8-6GHz

Slope amplifier

0.8-6GHz

Active Switching

Unit Rx

0.8-6 GHz channel

6-18 GHz channel

Caption

Direct channel

Transfer

switch

Tx channel

Rx channel

1 1

1 1


58/220



All connectors are located on the back. On the front, blue LEDs indicate the selected RFchannel. The drawings on the Figure 47 show the front and the back of the AU.

The LEDs don‟t have to be lit in each section. Depending on the setup, only some of the LEDscan be used.

Figure 47: Drawings of the Amplification Unit (front and back views)

To not damage the device, complete all connections before switching it on.

On/Off switch

Blue visual LED

Connections to

the ASU or to VNA

(RF - SMA)

Fan

Connections to

the Electrical Box

(RF – SMA &

LF – SubD 15HD)

Power supply

GPIB connector

On/Off switch

Blue visual LED

Connections to

the ASU or to VNA

(RF - SMA)

Fan

Connections to

the Electrical Box

(RF – SMA &

LF – SubD 15HD)

Power supply

GPIB connector


59/220



2.2.2.4 Radio-Communication Tester (RCT)

The Radio-Communication Tester is available only with the active option.

In active measurement mode, the Radio-Communication Tester is dedicated to test DUTperformances depending on the communication protocols (GSM, EGDE, WCDMA, PHS…). Itcan actively test DUTs depending on the digital communication system to which the DUTscorrespond. The wide dynamic range of the tester allows accurate measurement of modulationlevels.

Contact your SATIMO technical contact person to have the updated list of supportedRCT

Refer to the Active Measurement User manual to get more information about active

measurements

The Figure 48 shows a picture of a Radio-Communication Tester.

Figure 48: Picture of a Radio-Communication Tester

To not damage the device, please refer to the RCT user guide and respect the indicatedrecommendations.


60/220



2.2.2.5 WiFi Tester and Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor (WDRA)

The WiFi Tester and WDRA are available only with the WiFi active option.

In active mode, the WiFi tester, in conjunction with the WDRA, enables the testing of the DUTin the WiFi protocol.

The WiFi Tester is a commercial device which is not adapted to measurements Over The Air. Soits dynamic range has to be adjusted. In order to adapt the WiFi Tester‟s dynamic range to theStarLab, SATIMO has developed the Wideband Dynamic Range Adaptor. This WDRA is a

wideband variable attenuator. The user can easily adjust the attenuation level via two push-control buttons. The available attenuation levels are 0, 20, 40 and 60 dB.

The WDRA is connected between the Active Switching Unit and the WiFi Tester. The SMAconnections to the WiFi Tester are located on the front of the WDRA.

The Figure 49 shows an example of a supported WiFi Tester and the Figure 50 a picture of the WDRA. The Figure 51 describes the RF internal architecture and the Figure 52 describes the drawings of the front of the WDRA.

Contact your SATIMO technical contact person to have the updated list of supported WiFi testers

Refer to the Active Measurement User manual to get more information about active

measurements

Figure 49: Picture of an example of supported WiFi Tester


61/220



Figure 50: Picture of the WDRA

Figure 51: RF architecture of the WDRA


62/220



Figure 52: Drawing of the WDRA (front view)

To not damage the device, complete all connections before switching it on.


63/220



2.2.2.6 Industrial PC

Measurement control, data acquisition, data processing and visualization are performed via USBand GPIB connections from an industrial PC running Windows XP and the SATIMO softwareSPM, SAM, SMM and SatEnv.

The exact specifications of the PC delivered together with StarLab may change, but will in allcases meet at least the following requirements:

1GHz CPU;

1Go RAM;

80Go Hard Disk;

DVD Reader/Writer;

Windows XP (English);

4 USB ports;

Deactivable hyperthreading.

The central unit is integrated inside the rack. The keyboard, the screen and the mouse areconnected remotely for availability.

All USB and GPIB connections to RF devices are controlled by the central unit. The Figure 53 shows a picture of a PC.

Figure 53: Picture of the industrial PC

To not damage the device, please refer to the computer user guide and respect theindicated recommendations


64/220



The installation of an anti-virus is strongly recommended and is the responsibility of thecustomer

The model may differ from the picture


65/220



2.2.2.7 Dongle

Dongles are USB devices used to control the license of the Satimo software. Plugging a dongleon a computer allows a user to run Satimo software and use features depending on theauthorizations he has.

Black dongles, called HL Time , include a internal clock that is used to provide temporary licenses. They can provide permanent licenses as well.

Figure 54: Picture of the industrial PC

Software requiring a dongle

For now, only the following software needs a dongle to be launched:

SPM;SMM (but no dongle is needed for manual measurement);SAM (starting with version 2.13.0).


66/220



How-to: update a dongle

Here is the procedure to update a key. This is needed only if you need a new license or anextension of a temporary license.

Step 1: Download Remote Update Software (RUS) from Satimo public downloads .

Satimo public downloads is at: http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/

Step 2: Run it.

Step 3: Click on "Collect information".

Figure 55: Collect Key Status Information

Step 4: Save the file (.c2v) somewhere.

Step 5: Send it to your SATIMO technical contact person.

Step 6: Wait...

Step 7: You'll receive a new file (.v2c), save it somewhere.

http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/HASP%20security%20keys%20remote%20update.exehttp://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/http://downloads.satimo.fr/Software/HASP%20security%20keys%20remote%20update.exe


67/220



Step 8: In RUS, click on tab "Apply license update".

Figure 56: Apply Licence Update

Step 9: In box "Update file", select the file you received (.v2c).

Step 10: Click "Apply Update".

Step 11: Wait... The update is now applied.


68/220



2.2.2.8 Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) (option)

To avoid level changes on the main supply power or electrical spikes, the instrumentation rackincludes an Uninterrupted Power Supply.

Two versions are available according to the main power voltage: 110V or 220V. Theircharacteristics are:

UPS 220V : “220-240V / 50-60Hz / 2000VA”

Voltage : 220-240VFrequency : 50-60HzPower : 2000VA

UPS 110V : “100-127V / 50-60Hz / 2000VA”

Voltage : 100-127VFrequency : 50-60HzPower : 2000VA

A picture of a 220V version is shown on the Figure 57.

Figure 57: Picture of a UPS

To not damage the device, please refer to the UPS user guide and respect the indicatedrecommendations.

The use of a UPS is highly recommended to protect the StarLab instrumentation

The model may differ from the picture


69/220



2.2.3 BTS conveyor (option)

2.2.3.1 Overview

The Figure 58 shows the StarLab BTS set-up overview.

The StarLab BTS comprises of:

an arch;

an electrical box;

an instrumentation rack;

a conveyor where the AUT linearly moves;

three carriers to put the BTS AUT on;

a rotary joint within a winding mechanism;

a motor to control the central carrier displacement.

Figure 58: StarLab BTS overview


70/220



2.2.3.2 Set-up of the BTS StarLab equipment

To adapt the classical StarLab to allow cylindrical measurements, four operations have to bedone:

mount the BTS conveyor;

connect the antenna and the conveyor motor to the electrical box;set-up of the mechanical height zero;

set-up the antenna.

Mounting of the BTS conveyor

Make sure that all devices are switched off.

Step 1: Extension mounting on each side of the StarLab

Figure 59: Extension


71/220



Figure 60: Extension in place

Figure 61: Tighten the extension


72/220



Step 2: Central conveyor part mounting

Figure 62: Mount the central bar

Figure 63: Lock it in “0” position

Do not forget to remove the mast first by untightening it with your hands on the grey PVCpart.


73/220



Figure 64: Mount the adjustable feet on the extra bar

Figure 65: Align and fix the assembly on the central bar


74/220



Step 3: Belt mounting

Figure 66: Then pass the belt through the bar

Figure 67: Pass the belt in the pulley and below the trolleys

Figure 68: Fix the belt to the central trolley


75/220



Step 4: Checking alignment

The conveyor axis automatically forms a 90° angle with the plane of the probe array(s) due to theattachment system of the extensions.

Set the level of the conveyor owing to a level.

Be careful with the winding mechanism system. Only one way of rotation is possible, asshown in Figure 69, because of the spring.

Figure 69 : Winding system

Maximum antenna weight is 80kg.


76/220



Making the connections

Make sure that all devices are switched off, especially the motorization switch located on theelectrical box.

Step 1: RF connections

Only one connection differs from the spherical configuration. Everything else remains the same.

For spherical measurements, the jumper is put between the “BTS IN” and the “BTS OUT”. Toset the StarLab into the cylindrical configuration, this jumper has to be disconnected, as shown inthe Figure 70.

Then connect the RF cable between the “BTS OUT” port of the electrical box and the RFconnector at the rotary joint of the winding system, as shown in the Figure 71.

Figure 70: Picture of the electrical box in the cylindrical measurement mode


77/220



Figure 71: RF connection between the electrical box and the rotary joint

Step 2: Electrical connections

Connect the electrical cable from the mechanical limits switches, which are located on the BTS

conveyor, to the electrical box, as shown on the Figure 72. Connect the conveyor motor cables to the “linear axis BTS” connections located on the left sideof the electrical box and put the motor switch in the “BTS” position, as shown in the Figure 73. Put the selector in „BTS‟ position. The selector is located to the right of the motor connectors.See Figure 131.

Do not forget putting the selector to „SLB‟ and the RF jumper back on when going back tothe spherical configuration


78/220



Figure 72: Electrical connection between the electrical box and the mechanical limitsswitches

Figure 73: Motor axis connections between the conveyor motor and the electrical box


79/220



Setting the mechanical height zero position

Before any measurement, the zero of the height axis has to be set-up to correctly determine itsorigin.

The AUT is located on three carriers, as shown in the Figure 75. The central carrier is driven bythe conveyor motor and the two others are free and are used to support the AUT only. Theheight zero is defined when the centre of the central carrier is located in the central plane of thearch.

Launch the Cylindrical StarLab software.

The Cylindric Starlab software can be launched from „Start‟, „Program‟, „Satimo‟, „CylindricStarlab‟.

SatEnv must be launched before launching Cylindric StarLab.

Figure 74: BTS StarLab Measurement Setup window and Height motor control window


80/220



Then click on “Setup and direct control”, the Height Motor Control window appears as shownon the above figure.Enter the position value and click on „Set‟ until the driven carrier is in the central plane of thearch.Click on “Set this position in the origin (0cm)”.

Click on “Close”.

At this step, the zero of the height axis is defined. A picture of the controlled carrier located at the zero position is shown on the Figure 75.

Figure 75: Picture of the driven carrier located at the zero position

To move the driven carrier, open the “Height Motor Control” and enter the wantedposition.


81/220



Set-up a BTS antenna

Place the BTS antenna on the carriers and connect the RF cable between the 6dB attenuator onthe antenna port and the rotary joint, as shown in Figure 76 and Figure 77.

Make sure that the central position of the BTS antenna is located at the central point of thedriven carrier.

Figure 76: Set-up of a BTS antenna on the conveyor

Figure 77: Connecting the BTS antenna RF cable on the rotary joint RF connection


82/220



2.2.4 Mounting parts to set up the reference antennas

This chapter deals with the mounting of the SATIMO reference antennas on the StarLabequipment.

Three types of reference antennas are available:

horns;

dipoles & loops;

BTS antennas.

Each of them is described with:

a picture or a drawing;

technical specifications;

dedicated interface to ensure mounting at the centre of the arch.

The reference antennas which are described in this chapter are some examples of theSATIMO available products. These products are in continuous evolution or new ones can becustom designed. Contact your SATIMO sales contact person to receive an updated list ofavailable reference antennas or to develop a specific antenna.

A port-saver (SMA connector), should always be connected at the top of the mast cable. Itreduces the risk of having to replace the whole mast cable in case it breaks.


83/220



2.2.4.1 Reference Horns

SH800

Figure 78 shows a picture of the SH800.

Figure 78: Picture of the SH800

The SH800 can operate from 0.8 to 12 GHz.

To set-up the SH800, the following mounting parts are necessary:polystyrene interface;

6dB attenuator and port saver;

RF cable.


84

StarLab User Guide 1.2

Documents

Transcript of StarLab User Guide 1.2