Standards and Tests: Small Wind Turbines
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Transcript of Standards and Tests: Small Wind Turbines
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Standards and Tests:Small Wind Turbines
Brent Summerville PETechnical DirectorSmall Wind Certification Council
Commissioner’s Forum: Urban Wind TurbinesJuly 30, 2010, 1pm - 4pm
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SWCC: Small Wind Certification Council
New independent, third-party certification body to serve North America
Certify that small wind turbines (SWTs) meet the requirements of the new AWEA Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety Standard
Used as state-level eligibility for incentives
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What is the AWEA Standard? AWEA Small Wind Turbine Performance and Safety
Standard (AWEA Standard 9.1 – 2009)
Incorporates, with modifications, existing IEC standards for small wind turbines (IEC 61400 series)
Written to ensure the quality of the wind turbine can be assessed while imposing only reasonable costs and difficulty
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Equipment Eligibility Per the AWEA standard and IEC standards:
Newly manufactured, electricity-producing wind turbines with a swept area up to 200 m2
200m2 ~ 16m diameter rotor ~ 50-65 kW
Horizontal and vertical axis turbines are eligible
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Certification based on… an evaluation of:
Wind turbine design (Structural Analysis)
Field testing
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Field Testing
SWCC Test Organization List now has 26 test organizations
4 new NREL supported Regional Test Centers
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NREL Independent Testing Project, Round 1
Gaia-Wind 11kW ARE 442 EW50 Windspire VT10
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IEC Tests Performed Power Performance – power curve,
annual energy production
Acoustic Noise – sound power level, sound pressure levels
Duration – operational time fraction, power degradation, inspections, dynamic behavior
Safety and Function - verification of designed behavior
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View Results at…www.nrel.gov/wind/smallwind/independent_testing.html
Upcoming event on Urban Wind Energy
August 11-12, 2010
Boulder, CO
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Beech Mtn Test SiteAppalachian StateNorth Carolina
Myres Hill Test SiteTUV-NELEast Kilbride, Scotland
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Beech Mtn Test SiteAppalachian StateNorth Carolina
Alternative Energy Institute Test SiteWest Texas A&MCanyon, Texas
Average turbulenceintensity of 0.10
Installed in Urban
Environment
Tested in Open Terrain
Higher turbulence; reduced performance; higher stresses on the
design; potentially inadequate design
Installed on a
Building
Tested on a Tower
Stresses and dynamic behavior assessed on ground-
mounted tower; dynamic loading and stresses on a
building are unknown
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http://www.caebridge.com/urban-wind-and-rooftop-turbine-placement
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Urban Studies MT2: the maintenance team for IEC
61400-2: Design requirements for small wind turbines
Research projects to better understand wind characteristics in the urban environment Turbulence Effects on reliability, performance and
structural design of SWTs
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How to accurately characterize turbulence
How does measured turbulence compare with models from -2
Murdoch University - Jonathan Whale
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Excerpts from Japanese study:
A Study of the Small Wind Turbine in an Urban site
Hideki Tokuyama Nasu Denki Tekko Co.Masafumi Kawakami Zephyr Co.Yasuhiro Takata NIKKO Co.
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A Power performance of a Micro Wind Turbine for a Field Test on an Urban Site
2580
3300
In order to examine the power performance in the urban site, we perform a field test for a micro wind turbine.
This position is 8m in height from the ground. Surroundings of this place is the environment where is lined with buildings.
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Wind environment on an urban site Turbulence intensity
The turbulence intensity is calculated by using the set of 10 minutes data,
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9
1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10Wind Speed (m/s)
TI
IEC- A
In a urban area, TI shows the tendency which becomes large. The value of TI becomes about 0.3.
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Conclusion Potential mismatch between conditions
of testing and certification of SWTs and the conditions seen by SWTs installed in the built environment
Research is underway to better understand urban conditions and how these conditions relate to the current design and testing standards
Research needed on safety issues and dynamic loading on buildings
Thanks
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Brent Summerville PETechnical Director, [email protected]