Standardization and testing of powertrain components · Standardization and testing of powertrain...
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EGVIA 2014
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Standardization and testing of powertrain components
Van den Bossche Peter
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
IEC TC69
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EV Standardization Landscape
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Connective InterfacesIEC 62196(SC23h)
Fixed installationsIEC 60364 (TC64)
EV electrical aspects(if not charging)ISO 6469 (TC22 SC21)(when charging)ISO 17409 (TC22 SC21)
Data transfer ISO/IEC 15118 (JWG)
Battery cells IEC 62660 (TC21)Battery assemblyISO 12405 (TC22SC21)
Charging interfaceIEC 61851 (TC69)
AssembliesIEC 61439-7(TC17D)
Wireless charging interfaceIEC 61980 (TC69)
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The House of Standardization
STANDARDSSA
FETY
CO
MPA
TIBLI
TY
PERFO
RM
AN
CE
3PERFO
RM
AN
CE
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ISO versus IEC
•Cultural differences
–Automotive sector
–Electrotechnical sector
•Division of labour
ISO TC22 SC21 IEC TC69
Aspects related to the electric vehicle as a whole
Aspects related to electrical components and electric supply infrastructure
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Vehicle performance standards
•ISO 8714:2002 Energy consumption and range for battery-electric vehicles
–Based on regional test cycles
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EU
USA
Japan
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Vehicle performance standards
•ISO 23274 Hybrid-electric road vehicles - Exhaust emissions and fuel consumption measurements
–Part 1 Non externally chargeable vehicles (2013 Ed.2)
–Part 2 External chargeable vehicles (2012 Ed.1)
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Drivetrain Component Standards
•Extensive standardization for industrial traction motors (IEC 60349)
•No demand from automotive industry !
•No tradition in automotor standardization
• IEC TC69 WG2 disbanded
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• ISO: Vehicle-centric
–Battery system
–ISO 12405 family
• IEC: Battery-centric
–Battery cells
–IEC 62660 family
–IEC 61982
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RESS standards
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Battery system
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Bus
in
out
Battery SystemBattery
ControlUnit
LVConnections
HVConnectionsHV Electric
CircuitContactors,
Fuse,Wiring
ServiceDisconnect
(optional) Cell - Electronics
Normal use Impact Case
Cooling Device & Connections
Cell / Module
AssemblyCells,
Sensors,Cooling
equipment
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Battery technologies
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Ragone chart (cell level)
Spec
ific
pow
er (W
/kg)
Specific energy (Wh/kg)0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
Lead-acid
Supercapacitor
NiCdNiMH
NaNiCl
Li-PolymerLi-Ion
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Battery performance
•Energy performance (Wh)
–Capacity test
–Test cycle reflecting actual use
–Battery-electric versus hybrid
•Power performance (W)
–Peak power
–Internal resistance
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Battery-electric capacity
•IEC 62660-1 and ISO 12405-2
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-60
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 60 120 180 240 300 360 420 480
Time [s]
RatioofPm
ax[%]
charge
discharge
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Hybrid capacity
•IEC 62660-1 and ISO 12405-1
•Charge-rich or discharge-rich microcycles
•State of charge evolution
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-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Δ
Curr
ent (
C)
Time (s)
discharge
charge
SOC
t
discharge rich charge rich
80%
30%
0 1h 2h 3h
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Power test
•For BEV and HEV applications
10s 1/3 It
10s 1/3 It
10s 1 It
10s 1 It
10s 2 It
10s 2 It
10s 5 It
10s 5 It
10s Imax
10s Imax
Time
Brake
Current (A)
Rest time
Discharge (+)
Charge (-)
10s 1/3 It
10s 1/3 It
10s 1 It
10s 1 It
10s 5 It
10s 5 It
10s 10 It
10s 10 It
10s Imax
10s Imax
Time
Brake
Current (A)
Rest time
Discharge (+)
Charge (-)
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Other RESS
•Electric double-layer capacitors: IEC 62576
•New components: hybrid capacitors
–New standards needed?
•New applications: second-life
–Test cycles for stationary applications
–State of health determination
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Conclusions
•Performance test standards essential for assessment of vehicles and components
•Need for accurate test cycles
•Response to new developments
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Thank you!
•mobi.vub.ac.be
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