STANDARD WHII.6b The student will demonstrate knowledge of...
Transcript of STANDARD WHII.6b The student will demonstrate knowledge of...
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• STANDARD WHII.6b
• The student will demonstrate knowledge of scientific, political, economic, and religious changes during the sixteenth, seventeenth, and eighteenth centuries by
• b) describing the Age of Absolutism, including the monarchies of Louis XIV and Peter the Great.
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• The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Reformation in terms of its impact on Western civilization by – b) describing the impact of religious conflicts, the Inquisition, and
Catholic Reformation on society and government actions.
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Scientific Revolution
Absolutism
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Absolutism
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Essential Understandings
• The Age of Absolutism takes its name from a series of European monarchs who increased the power of their central governments.
• They claimed “absolute” control over everything!
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Absolutism
• Princes of Germany fought the Catholics in the Thirty Years War
• It was about – Religious freedom
– Corruption
– Power
• It was also about Nationalism!
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Absolutism
• Nationalism – feeling of loyalty to your nation
• People were beginning to feel more loyalty to their countries than the Catholic church or any ruler.
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Absolutism
• Absolutism – that all power reside in the monarch!
• Powerful rulers built strong nations
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• The focus changes from Religion to Politics
– From Reformation to Absolutism!
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• The focus changes from Religion to Politics
– From Reformation to Absolutism!
Absolute Rule
Complete control over people and government.
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
• Second characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler continues ruling until death
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
• Second characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler continues ruling until death
• Third characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Power is inherited
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
• Second characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler continues ruling until death
• Third characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Power is inherited
• Fourth characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler has COMPLETE control over everyone in the country (centralized power)
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
• Second characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler continues ruling until death
• Third characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Power is inherited
• Fourth characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler has COMPLETE control over everyone in the country (centralized power)
• Fifth characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler claims to rule by “Divine Right”
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Characteristics of absolute monarchies
• First characteristic of absolute monarchy:
– One person rules
• Second characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler continues ruling until death
• Third characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Power is inherited
• Fourth characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler has COMPLETE control over everyone in the country (centralized power)
• Fifth characteristic of absolute monarchy
– Ruler claims to rule by “Divine Right”
Divine Right
A monarch is not subject to earthly authority, the right to rule comes directly from God
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Absolutism in France
• King Louis XIII
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A brief explanation of Roman numerals.
• Many Kings and queens were named the same. That’s because they wanted to honor their fathers and mothers, uncles and aunts, and all sorts o f relatives by using the same name.
• But how do we tell them apart?????
Continued…
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• They gave numbers to each person with the same name…
The first…
The second…
The third…
And so on…
Continued…
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• But they used Roman numerals to do it…
The first was just… I
The second was… II
And so on…
Continued…
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Here is a list of roman numerals to help you recognize the many leaders.
I = the first II = the second III = the third IV = the fourth V = the fifth VI = the sixth VII = the seventh VIII =the eighth IX = the ninth X = the tenth
Numbers 10 – 19 involve putting the numerals for 1-9 after the X for ten:
XI = the eleventh
XV = the fifteenth
XIX = the nineteenth Hopefully, this is helpful!
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Here is a list of roman numerals to help you recognize the many leaders.
I = the first II = the second III = the third IV = the fourth V = the fifth VI = the sixth VII = the seventh VIII =the eighth IX = the ninth X = the tenth
Numbers 10 – 19 involve putting the numerals for 1-9 after the X for ten:
XI = the eleventh
XV = the fifteenth
XIX = the nineteenth Hopefully, this is helpful!
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Absolutism in France
• King Louis XIII
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Absolutism in France
• King Louis XIII
• Sickly
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Absolutism in France
• King Louis XIII
• Sickly
• Cardinal Richelieu took over
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Absolutism in France
• Took more power
• Weakened the Huguenots (French Protestants)
• “One faith, One law, On king!”
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Absolutism in France
• Focus of the 30 Years War went from religious to political
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Absolutism in France
• Louis XIII dies
• Louis XIV takes over
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Absolutism in France
• Strong central government (all the control belongs to Louis)
• He built Versailles
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Reformation in France
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Absolutism in France
• Versailles
• A huge palace
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Absolutism in France
• Versailles
• A huge palace
• All nobles had to spend some time there!
– (It helps Louis keep an eye on them!)
– It was a symbol of his power
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Absolutism in Russia
• Peter the Great!
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Absolutism in Russia
• Wanted Russia to be like European nations in culture
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Absolutism in Russia
• Wanted Russia to be like European nations in culture
Westernization
Societies adopt Western (European) culture in many areas of life
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Absolutism in Russia
• Wanted Russia to be like European nations in culture
• Russians had to…
– Shave their beards
– Dress like European countries
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Absolutism in Russia
• Built a new capital city:
– St. Petersburg… named after himself
– On the Baltic Sea
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Absolutism in Russia
• He built it on swamp land next to the North Sea
– closer to Europe
– It was a major port!
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Absolutism in Russia
• He moved the capital from Moscow to there
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Absolutism in England
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Absolutism in England
• Queen Elizabeth I
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Absolutism in England
• Rejects absolutism
• Ruled wisely and loved the Renaissance ways!
• This time in England was so good, people now call it the Elizabethan Age
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Absolutism in England
• She was known as the Virgin Queen
• Virginia was named after her
• When she died she had no heir to the throne…
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Absolutism in England
•BUT…
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Absolutism in England
• Queen Elizabeth I gave way to her cousin:
• James I
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Who?
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Absolutism in England
• Queen Elizabeth I gave way to her cousin:
• James I
• He believed in Divine Right… the belief that God has chosen you to rule
• He Believed in absolutism
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Absolutism in England
• His son (son of James I) was Charles I
• Charles also was also an “absolute” ruler…
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Absolutism in England • England also had a
parliament – a group of elected people who make laws
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Absolutism in England • England also had a
parliament – a group of elected people who make laws
• He and parliament disagreed so much it led to an English Civil War!
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Absolutism in England • England also had a
parliament – a group of elected people who make laws
• He and parliament disagreed so much it led to an English Civil War!
• Parliament won and the power of the king was greatly reduced!
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Arthur
Mary I
"Bloody Mary"
Elizabeth I Edward VI
Henry VIII
Civil War
Commonwealth
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
"Merry Monarch"
James II
Charles I
James I
Mary Stuart
Queen of
Scotland
James V
King of
Scotland
Margaret Mary
Henry VII
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Essential Questions
Who were the absolute monarchs?
What effect did the absolute monarchs have on their countries?
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Review Questions…
Which statement best completes this diagram?
A Promotes Religious Tolerance
B Encourages Socialism
C Strengthens Parliamentary Authority
D Supports Westernization
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Review Questions…
The concept of the divine right was important to absolute monarchs because it —
A reserved governmental position for the clergy
B guaranteed natural rights to the people
C justified the king's right to rule
D honored the king for supporting religious freedom
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Review Questions…
Which czar tried to westernize Russia and make it into a European Power?
A Frederick the Great
B Ivan the Terrible
C Peter the Great
D Catherine the Great
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Review Questions…
This French palace is called the —
A Palace du Compagnonnage
B Buckingham Palace
C Palace of Versailles
D Royal Palace of Turin
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Review Questions…
King Louis XIV of France required all nobles to spend part of each year living in the palace at Versailles to —
A maintain control over the nobles
B force the nobles to acquire educations
C limit religious influences over the nobles
D prevent the nobles from mistreating the peasants
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Review Questions…
Which completes the table?
A Palace at Versailles
B Louvre Palace
C Bastille Prison
D Cathedral of Notre Dame
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Review Questions… “God hath power to create or destroy, make or unmake, at his pleasure; to give life or send death; to judge…and to be judged (by) none…And the like power have kings;…”
Which idea is described by this passage?
A Divine Right
B Constitutional Monarchy
C Enlightened Despotism
D Social Darwinism
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