Standard standardization protocol
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Standards
Standardization
Protocol
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Why Standardization
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Talking about a Change Not so long ago…… ……Today
Telco considered a utility –
Basic Services and no
competition
Deconstruction of traditional
value chains > value networks
State owned incumbents Liberalization/privatization >
New Entrants, New Businesses
National / Regional players Global Markets , Global
Players
Monopolistic standards
production market
Oligopolistic standards
production market
Less than 5 Regulatory
bodies worldwide
120+ Regulatory bodies
worldwide
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Standardization ,
A Means to be Future proof Standardization, a tool(amongst others) :
To level the playing field
For fair competition
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Basic Principles of Standardization
Voluntary
Open
Consensus
Public
General Purpose for the society
Compatibility (between generations)
Prerequisites for Standardization
Commitment
Competence
Continuity
Trust
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Standardization is (1)
Load Sharing
Cost saving
Close co-operation of competitors
Reduction of solutions to a minimum, preferably ONE
Standardization is (2)
Creation of a critical Mass
Bringing economy of scale
A fight against technical barriers to trade
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Standardization – Value Addition
Future proofing and security
Multivendor Interoperation
CAPEX/OPEX reduction
Fast time to market
User acceptance
New revenue streams
The Standards Making Process
Two types of standards:
– Formal standards are developed by an official industry or government body.
– Defacto standards emerge in the marketplace and supported by several vendors, but
have no official standing.
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The Standards Making Process
Formal standardization process has three
stages
1. Specification stage: developing a
nomenclature and identifying the problems to
be addressed.
2. Identification of choices stage: those
working on the standard identify the various
solutions and choose the optimum solution
from among the alternatives.
3. Acceptance, the most difficult stage: defining
the solution and getting recognized industry
leaders to agree on a single, uniform solution
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Telecommunications Standards
Organizations
.
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ITU 1865 – International Telegraph Union
1924 – International Telephone Consultative Committee
(CCIF)
1925 – International Telegraph Consultative
Committee(CCIT)
1932 – International Telegraph Union > International
Telecommunication Union
1947 – United Nation’s specialized agency for
Telecommunication
1956 – CCIF & CCIT merged to form CCITT
1993 – Renamed as ITU - United Nations specialized
agency for ICTs Committed to connecting all the world’s
people & CCITT > ITU-T
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11 ITU-T Overview
ITU Structure
• ITU-T: Telecommunication standardization on a world-wide basis on technical, operating and tariff Questions
• ITU-R: Radio communications and wireless
• ITU-D: Use and deployment of telecom networks and services in developing and least developed countries
• General Secretariat: Coordinates the Union's activities and the overall management of the Union
Plenipotentiary Conference
ITU Council
ITU-T
World Telecommunication
Standardization Assembly
ITU-R World Radiocommunication
Conference
Radiocommunication
Assembly
ITU-D
World Telecommunication
Development Conference
General
Secretariat
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Basic Operating Documents
• ITU Constitution and ITU Convention http://www.itu.int/aboutitu/basic-texts/index.html
• In addition for the ITU-T
•WTSA Resolutions http://www.itu.int/opb/publications.aspx?lang=en&parent=T-RES&selection=1§or=2
•A-series Recommendations http://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-A/e
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Memberships • Member States - Administrations
• Members of the ITU
• One per country
• Presently 193 Members States in ITU
• Examples: USA (State Department), France
• Sector Members • Members of a Sector (e.g., ITU-T)
• Membership is by entities associated with a country or by international entities
• Presently 557 Sector Members in ITU
• Examples: Alcatel-Lucent, IEEE (International), BSNL
• Associates • Can participate in a single Study Group
• Presently 165 Associates in ITU
• Examples: Anritsu Corporation, WiMAX Forum
• Academia • Universities, Research Institutes
• Presently 99 members
• Example: IIT, Mumbai, University of Tokyo
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ITU-T - in a Nutshell • Unique partnership of private sector (Sector Members) &
government (Member States)
• Today, 95% of work is done by private sector
• Remaining 5% with policy or regulatory impact
• ITU-T Product: Recommendations (= “standards”)
• Example: G992.1 (ADSL), G993.1 (VDSL)
• Two approval processes for Recommendations
• TAP for texts with policy or regulatory impact
• AAP for technical texts
• Work (mostly) done in Study Groups (13 of them)
• Truly global
• Consensus decisions
• Flexible, fast and transparent procedures
• Brand name
• IPR Policy
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ITU-T Focus Areas
• CTs and climate change
• Bridging the standardization gap
• Next-generation networks (NGN);
• Broadband access;
• Multimedia services;
• Emergency telecommunications;
• IP issues;
• Optical networking;
• Network management;
• Internet governance;
• Cybersecurity;
• Fixed/mobile convergence
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ITU-T is Fast
• ITU-T is fast to • start work: 1 day / few weeks
(from 2-4 yrs)
• develop work: few weeks (from 2-3 yrs)
• approve work: 2 months (from 4 yrs)
• “Speedy Gonzalez approval procedure” (= AAP)
for technical standards (=95% of work)
AAP approves Recommendations in 4-5 weeks
• publish work: couple of days after approval (from 2-
4 yrs)
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17 ITU-T Overview
WORKING
PARTIES
ITU-T Structure
GuidePart_F01
R R R R
WORLD TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION ASSEMBLY
(WTSA)
TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION ADVISORY GROUP
(TSAG)
STUDY GROUP X STUDY GROUP Y
WORKING
PARTY
Qs. V, W, X
WORKING
PARTY
Qs. Y, Z
WORKING
PARTY
Qs. V, W
WORKING
PARTY
Qs. X, Y, Z
R: RAPPORTEUR GROUP FOR QUESTIONS (Qs)
FOCUS
GROUP
TSBDir or
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World Telecommunication
Standardization Assembly
• WTSA meets at 4 year intervals
• Sets direction/structure of ITU-T
• Establishes the study group structure
• Approves their work program
• Appoints their chairmen and vice-chairmen
• Creates and approves WTSA Resolutions
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Telecom Standardization Advisory
Group (TSAG) • Meets at 8 to 9 month intervals to act between WTSAs
• Provided guidance to the TSB Director and Study Groups • Strategy and priorities
• Work Program
• Working Methods
• Financial matters
• EDH and EWM
• Can create/modify Study Groups between WTSAs, if necessary
• Foster cooperation and coordination with other relevant bodies • within ITU
• with SDOs, forums and consortia outside ITU
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Study Groups
• Study Groups work on Questions to prepare
draft Recommendations • The responsibility and mandates of each Study
Group is set out by WTSA in Resolution 2.
• Overall mandate
• Assigned Questions
• Assigned Lead Study Group responsibilities
• Assigned Recommendations
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Study Group Management Team
• Composition
- SG Chairman, Vice-Chairmen
- WP Chairman (sometimes also the Vice-Chairmen) - TSB Engineer/Counsellor
• Role
- Establishment of an appropriate structure for the distribution of work: Questions assignment to SGs, WPs
- Coordination and planning of meetings to ensure the
smooth running of WP and/or SG meetings: Meeting agenda,
Documents assignment to SG, WPs, etc.
- Promotion of Study Group activities coordinated with TSB:
Providing materials for Press Release, e-flash, etc.
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Questions, Rapporteurs and Editors
• Questions * : Approved by Study Groups or WTSA
Define a particular project to be studied
• Rapporteurs * : Appointed by the SG or WP to each Question
- Ensure progress of the group of experts towards Recommendations
- Lead, moderate debates (e-mails, conf. calls, etc.) and coordinate progress
- Chair the meetings of the experts
• Editors: Proposed by Rapporteurs, appointed by the WP or SG, prepare
and follow-up draft Recommendations
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ITU-T Study Groups
• SG 2 Operational aspects of service provision, networks and
performance
• SG 3 Tariff and accounting principles including related
telecommunications economic and policy issues
• SG 5 Protection against electromagnetic environment
effects
• SG 9 Integrated broadband cable networks and television
and sound transmission
• SG 11 Protocols and test specifications
• SG 12 Performance ,quality of service and QoE
• SG 13 Future networks (& cloud)
• SG 15 Transport, Access AND Home
• SG 16 Multimedia terminals, systems and applications
• SG 17 Security, languages and telecommunication software
• SG 20 IoT and applications, smart cities
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Lead Study Group Concept
Oversight of work relating to multiple Study Groups • SG 2 - LSG for Service definition, numbering and routing
• SG 2 - LSG for Telecommunication for disaster relief/early warning
• SG 4 – LSG on Telecommunication management
• SG 9 - LSG on Integrated broadband cable and television networks
• SG 11 – LSG on Signalling and protocols
• SG 11 – LSG on Intelligent networks
• SG 12 – LSG on Quality of service and performance
• SG 13 – LSG for NGN and satellite matters
• SG 15 – LSG on Access network transport
• SG 15 – LSG on Optical technology
• SG 16 – LSG on Multimedia terminals, systems and applications
• SG 16 – LSG on Ubiquitous applications (“e-everything”, such as e-health and e-business)
• SG 17 – LSG on Telecommunication security
• SG 17 – LSG on Languages and description techniques
• SG 19 – LSG on Mobile telecommunication networks and for mobility
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Focus Group Concept • Create forum-like entities as an “arms-length”
organization under an ITU-T Study Group or TSAG
• Work on a well-defined topic, scheduled for completion at a specific time
• Goal: Encourage participation of non-members and members of other organizations (forums)
• Focus Groups have substantial freedom to establish their own rules
• Can keep own brand name and at the same time benefit from ITU’s branding
• Non-ITU members can participate
• Focus Groups can issue its own deliverables and can provide deliverables to its parent Study Group but cannot issue Recommendations by themselves
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ITU-T Focus Groups • Identity Management – Exploring mechanisms that allow different
IdM frameworks to interoperate together
• From/In/To Cars Communication – Work on specifications for transmission characteristics for headsets and hands free terminals
• IPTV – Coordinating and promoting the development of global IPTV standards
• Security Baseline for Network Operators – Defining a security baseline so that operators can assess their network and information security posture in terms of available standards
• NGN Management – Providing a centralized approach regarding specification of NGN related fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management interfaces
• Open Communications Architecture Forum – Defining specifications for a set of components for a new carrier grade open platforms
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ITU-T Recommendations
• Developed by 13 Study Groups and TSAG divided into
themed series:
• A-series covers the Organization of the Work of
ITU-T and guidelines related to Recommendations
• Series D through Z cover specific subject areas, for
example:
• the G-series covers Recommendations on
“Transmission systems and media, digital
systems and networks”
• The Y-series covers Recommendations on
“Global information infrastructure, Internet
protocol aspects and next-generation networks”
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Approval of Recommendations
•Traditional Approval Process (TAP) For Recommendations subject to policy or
regulatory implications
Initiated by an SG or WP meeting and completed, for final approval,
at the subsequent SG meeting (§9 Res.1)
• Alternative Approval Process (AAP) For Recommendations without policy or regulatory implications
Once the text is considered sufficiently mature, it is submitted for
AAP by an SG or WP meeting (Rec. A.8)
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Key ITU-T Recommendations
• G.703 – E1(PCM)
• G.711 – Audio coding
• G.709, G.798, G.872 – OTN
• G.983, G.984, G.987 – PON
• G.707, G.783, G.803 – SDH
• G.694.1, G.694.2 - WDM
• Q.7xx – Signalling System 7
• X.25 – Packet Switched WAN
• I series – ISDN
• L series – Environment and ICTs
• Y series – Global information infra, IP aspects, NGN
• V series – Data Communication over telephone network
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Collaboration- other Organisations
• ITU’s Constitution/Convention asks that
• ITU-T cooperate “with other world and
regional intergovernmental organizations, and
those non-governmental organizations
concerned with telecommunications"
• ITU-T has a wealth of instruments in place to
collaborate with others
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Cooperation with ISO and IEC
• World Standards Cooperation (WSC)
– Annual meetings of the leadership teams of ITU-T, ITU-R, ISO, IEC
• ITU-T Resolution 7 “Collaboration with ISO and IEC”
• ITU-T Rec. A.23 "Collaboration with ISO and IEC on information technology"
– Annex A: Guide for ITU-T and ISO/IEC JTC 1 Cooperation
(= Annex K to JTC 1 Directives)
– ITU-T has hundreds of “common texts” with ISO/IEC
• ISO/IEC/ITU-T Strategic Advisory Group on Security (SAG-S)
• Common Patent Policy, Guidelines, Form
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International Standards Organization
(ISO)
- A multinational body whose membership is drawn mainly from the standards creation committees of various governments throughout the world
- Dedicated to worldwide agreement on international standards in a variety field.
- Currently includes 163 national memberships
- Aims to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services by providing models for compatibility, improved quality, increased quality, increased productivity and decreased prices
- Member of ITU
- Created Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard (1984)
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IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
• IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA)
• IEEE 802 LAN / MAN group of standards
• IEEE 802 map to the lowest two layers, Data Link and
Physical, of the OSI model
• IEEE 802 splits the Data Link Layer into two sub layers
– Logical Link Control (LLC)
– Media Access Control (MAC)
• IEEE 802.11 – A set of MAC and physical layer specs for
implementing WLAN computer communications in 2.4, 3.6,
5 and 60 GHz frequency bands
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IETF
Internet Engineering Task Force
• Open standards organisation
• Collaborates with ITU
• Regular meeting of the leadership teams
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Internet Engineering Task Force
A protocol proposed by a vendor
IETF working group study the proposal
IETF issues a request for comment (RFC)
IETF reviews the comments
IETF proposes an improved RFC
The proposed standard becomes a draft
standard if two or more vendors adopt it
The RFC becomes a proposed standard
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More Organizations
– American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– European Telecommunication Standardisation Institute
(ETSI)
– Electronic Industries Association (EIA)
– National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
– National Exchange Carriers Association (NECA)
– Corporation for Open Systems (COS)
– Electronic Data Interchange -(EDI) of Electronic Data
Interchange for Administration Commerce and Transport
(EDIFACT).
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Thank You