Standard Operating Procedures - Grünwald...

Safety, Health, and Environmental Management (SHEM) ManualUSDA Agricultural Research Service in Corvallis, OR

Last Updated 4 Sept 2012

ContentsStandard Operating Procedures..................................................................................................................4

General....................................................................................................................................................4

Fire Extinguishers.................................................................................................................................4

Government Owned Vehicle...............................................................................................................6

Laboratory...............................................................................................................................................8

Autoclaves...........................................................................................................................................8

Chemical Storage Guidelines.............................................................................................................10

Centrifuge..........................................................................................................................................12

Cryogenics.........................................................................................................................................15

Electrophoresis Devices.....................................................................................................................19

Fume Hoods.......................................................................................................................................20

Gas Cylinder Safety............................................................................................................................21

General Lab Safety Rules...................................................................................................................22

Glassware..........................................................................................................................................26

Heating Devices.................................................................................................................................27

Heating Mantles................................................................................................................................28

Hot Plates..........................................................................................................................................29

Microwave Ovens..............................................................................................................................30

Oil, Salt and Sand Baths.....................................................................................................................31

Ovens.................................................................................................................................................32

Refrigerators and Freezers................................................................................................................33

Rotary Evaporators............................................................................................................................34

Stirring and Mixing Devices...............................................................................................................35

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Ultrasonicators..................................................................................................................................36

Vacuums............................................................................................................................................37

Maintenance.........................................................................................................................................38

Acetylene...........................................................................................................................................38

Crane and Hoist Safety.......................................................................................................................39

Construction Safety...........................................................................................................................40

Electrical Safety Guidelines................................................................................................................42

Elevated Work Surfaces.....................................................................................................................44

Forklift...............................................................................................................................................47

Housekeeping and Custodial Safety...................................................................................................51

Painting Operations Safety.................................................................................................................53

Physical Labor Safety.........................................................................................................................55

Chemicals..............................................................................................................................................57

Corrosive Materials............................................................................................................................57

Flammable Materials.........................................................................................................................59

Particularly Hazardous Substances....................................................................................................63

Ethidium Bromide..............................................................................................................................68

Formaldehyde....................................................................................................................................72

Hydrofluoric Acid...............................................................................................................................76

Personal Protective Equipment.............................................................................................................77

Hard-hats...........................................................................................................................................77

Laboratory Glove Use........................................................................................................................80

Safety Programs........................................................................................................................................82

Accident Investigation and Reporting....................................................................................................82

Asbestos Management Program............................................................................................................90

Automated External Defribrillator Plan.................................................................................................93

Back Care Program................................................................................................................................96

Chemical Hygiene Plan..........................................................................................................................98

Confined Space Program.....................................................................................................................116

Drug and Alcohol Statement................................................................................................................122

Ergonomics Program...........................................................................................................................123

Hazard Communication.......................................................................................................................134

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Hearing Conservation Program............................................................................................................136

Hazardous Waste Disposal...................................................................................................................139

Hazardous Waste Reduction................................................................................................................141

Lockout - Tagout Program...................................................................................................................144

MSDS Management.............................................................................................................................152

Personal Protective Equipment...........................................................................................................154

Radiation Protection Program.............................................................................................................158

Respiratory Protection Program..........................................................................................................159

Sharps Disposal Plan............................................................................................................................174

Warning Signs and Hazard Labels........................................................................................................176

Worker Protection Standard................................................................................................................180

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Standard Operating Procedures

General

Fire Extinguishers

Supervisor Responsibilities Verify that the fire extinguisher is being checked monthly and that these checks are being

documented on the tag affixed to the fire extinguisher. Ensure that the fire extinguisher is inspected by an outside contractor once a year. Contact the SOHS if your research involves use of combustible metals, such as magnesium,

titanium, potassium and sodium as well as pyrophoric organometallic reagents such as alkyllithiums, Grignards and diethylzinc. These materials burn at high temperatures and will react violently with water, air, and/or other chemicals. These all require a class D fire extinguisher which is not normally kept in stock.

Provide time for and ensure that employees are meeting their responsibilities as listed below.

Employee Responsibilities Know the location of nearby fire extinguishers. Know how to use a fire extinguisher before attempting to use it. Pick up the fire extinguisher in your immediate work area to familiarize yourself with its weight

and operation. Understand the PASS acronym and common mistakes, see below. Participate in fire extinguisher training when it is provided. Keep access to fire extinguishers should be free of obstructions. ONLY attempt to extinguish small fires. Large or quickly spreading fires must be handled by the

professionals.

PASS AcronymThe easiest way to sum up the proper use of a fire extinguisher is to remember the PASS acronym:

P – Pull the pin. All extinguishers have a pin to prevent the handle from accidently triggering.

A – Aim the nozzle at the fire. Start 10 feet away and work towards the fire.

S – Squeeze the handle to trigger to release the extinguisher contents. Tamper seal will break.

S – Sweep the nozzle side to side to cover the entire area around the fire. This will stop its spread.

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DiscussionFire extinguishers are prevalent in USDA-ARS-Corvallis facilities and work areas, however, an extinguisher is useless if the user does not know where the extinguisher is located or fully understands how to use it.

Different ratings and classes of fire extinguishers are available for the particular types of fire hazards that may exist in the particular laboratory or work area. The selection of the fire extinguisher for the given situation is determined by the character of the fire anticipated. In most ARS laboratories and work areas, a class ABC rated, dry chemical fire extinguisher within 30 feet of any exit will be sufficient for small ordinary combustibles, flammable liquids, and electrical fires. If a class ABC rated fire extinguisher are not present in your work area then contact the SOHS.

Even though a small fire can sometimes be extinguished with a fire extinguisher, attempt to put out such a fire only if you have been trained, are confident you can do so successfully and quickly, and are in a position in which you are always between the fire and an exit to avoid being trapped. Consult your laboratory standard operating procedures, Unit Occupant Emergency Plan, and Accident Prevention Program for additional information regarding fire emergencies.

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Government Owned VehicleThe purpose of this Government Owned Vehicle (GOV) Safety instruction and the “Use of the Government Owned Vehicle Policy” (http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/ppweb/PDF/221-01M.pdf#page=55 and scroll down) and is to provide information about the appropriate and acceptable use of government resources and promote safe driving for the protection of employees and all motorists. The USDA-ARS-Corvallis Location stresses safe and courteous driving. In conjunction with the requirements listed in P&P 221-01M please pay particular attention to the following requirements:

Mobile Communication Devices are Prohibited. Do not talk, read or write texts, or otherwise use your cell phone or mobile device.

Seat Belts and Safety Harnesses are Required and must be properly worn. Smoking is Prohibited, inside or around the vehicle at all times. Do not Drive Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol, or Performance-Altering Medications. You must obey all Federal, State, and Local Driving Laws. All traffic tickets and parking fines are

your responsibility. Use the GOV for Official Use Only. Personal errands, even short side trips, are not authorized.

Take the most direct route. Minimize all Distractions. Pull over if you need to read something or otherwise draw your

attention away from the road. Make all adjustments to the radio before the vehicle starts moving.

Practice Operating a Vehicle in a Vacant Parking Lot prior to driving an unfamiliar vehicle, or a vehicle that is much larger than what you are used to.

Make Slow and Deliberate Changes. Sudden stops, accelerations, and turns are unpredictable to other drivers and increase the chance of having an accident.

You must have your State Driver’s License in your Possession. Do not allow Non-ARS Employee Passengers. This includes friends and family members. Some

cooperative agreements do allow for non-ARS employees (i.e. work-study students, collaborators) to ride in the GOV. However, written authorization must be given by the unit Research Leader on a case by case basis.

Drive Courteously. As a GOV driver your actions may reflect positively or negatively on the federal government.

Keep the Windows Clean to Aid Visibility. Do Not Drive Tired. Plan your trips, especially long distance ones, to assure that you are well-

rested and alert before beginning your trip. Alternate drivers if needed. You are Responsible for Reporting a GOV Driver’s Unsafe Behavior to your Supervisor. If you are Involved in an Accident:

o Stop the Vehicle in a Safe Location. Contact the police immediately.o Do not admit Guilt or Speculate Causes. Provide only your objective observations of

the events leading to the accident.o Obtain a Copy of the On-scene Police Report.o Gather the Contact Information from any Witnesses and Involved Parties.

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http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/ppweb/PDF/221-01M.pdf#page=55

o Notify your immediate supervisor. Within the next 48 hours you will be required to fill out an SF-91 Operator’s Report of Motor Vehicle Accident.

o Your supervisor must notify the SOHS. There is a packet in each vehicle with further instructions and forms in the event of an accident.

Verify that this packet is in the vehicle and report missing packet to the SOHS.

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Laboratory

AutoclavesThe use of an autoclave is a very effective way to decontaminate infectious waste. Autoclaves work by killing microbes with superheated steam. The following are recommended guidelines when using an autoclave:

Do not put sharp or pointed contaminated objects into an autoclave bag. Place them in an appropriate rigid sharps disposal container that is partially opened to vent.

Use caution when handling an infectious waste autoclave bag, in case sharp objects were inadvertently placed in the bag. Never lift a bag from the bottom to load it into the chamber. Handle the bag from the top.

Do not overfill an autoclave bag. Steam and heat cannot penetrate as easily to the interior of a densely packed autoclave bag. Frequently the outer contents of the bag will be treated but the innermost part will be unaffected.

Do not overload an autoclave. An over-packed autoclave chamber does not allow efficient steam distribution. Considerably longer sterilization times may be required to achieve decontamination if an autoclave is tightly packed.

Conduct autoclave sterility testing on a regular basis using appropriate biological indicators (B. stearothermophilus spore strips) to monitor efficacy. HCRU must test their autoclaves once every 6 months. FSCRU and NCGR must test their autoclaves once every year. In addition, use indicator tape with each load to verify it has been autoclaved.

Do not mix contaminated and clean items together during the same autoclave cycle. Clean items generally require shorter decontamination times (15-20 minutes) while a bag of infectious waste (24" x 36") typically requires 45 minutes to an hour to be effectively decontaminated throughout.

Always wear personal protective equipment, including heat-resistant gloves, safety glasses and a lab coat when operating an autoclave. Use caution when opening the autoclave door. Allow superheated steam to exit before attempting to remove autoclave contents. Allow contents to cool to near room temperature before removing them. Placing a hot glass beaker on a cold bench top surface could cause it to break due to thermal stresses.

Be on the alert when handling pressurized containers. Superheated liquids may spurt from closed containers. Never seal a liquid container with a cork or stopper. This could cause an explosion inside the autoclave.

Agar plates will melt and the agar will become liquefied when autoclaved. Avoid contact with molten agar. Use a secondary tray to catch any potential leakage from an autoclave bag rather than allowing it to leak onto the floor of the autoclave chamber.

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If there is a spill inside the autoclave chamber, allow the unit to cool before attempting to clean up the spill. If glass breaks in the autoclave, use tongs, forceps or other mechanical means to recover fragments. Do not use bare or gloved hands to pick up broken glassware.

Do not to leave an autoclave operating unattended for a long period of time. Always be sure someone is in the vicinity while an autoclave is cycling in case there is a problem.

Autoclaves should be placed under preventive maintenance contracts to ensure they are operating properly. Autoclaves at Corvallis OR units are inspected once a year by a qualified vendor. Inform your supervisor if the autoclave you are using is overdue.

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Chemical Storage Guidelines Proper chemical storage is essential in assuring a safe work environment

Segregate Chemicals - Store by Hazard ClassDo Not Store Chemicals Alphabetically, except within a hazard class. Hazard classes that should be stored separately include:

radioactive materials pyrophoric materials flammable materials oxidizing materials water reactive substances oxidizing acids inorganic acids organic acids caustics (bases) poisons (general laboratory reagents separated into organic and inorganic groups)

Provide physical segregation (sills, curbs, trays) or separation between hazard classes.

Keep flammable materials by themselves in approved storage cans, cabinets, or rooms. Store oxidizers well away from flammable materials.

Store Chemicals To Minimize The Risk From Damaged Containers Store large bottles and containers close to but not on the floor Store acids and caustics below eye level Shelves should be securely fastened to the wall and have lips or restraining cord to prevent

bottles from falling Secondary containment such as polyethylene or stainless steel trays as appropriate should be

provided for spill protection Be mindful that we are expecting an earthquake. Anticipate how your chemical storage would

fare during an earthquake and make changes accordingly.

Label Chemical Containers And Storage Areas ProperlyChemical containers should have the chemical name, a warning label identifying the major hazards, and information about handling precautions

Storage areas should be labeled with hazard class

Chemical Hazard Classes - Examples

Pyrophoric - (many are also water reactive) phosphorous (red, white) methylmagnesium bromide (and other

grignard reagents

Inorganic Acids hydrochloric acid hydroiodic acid phosphoric acid

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diethylzinc triethylaluminum

Oxidizing Materials nitrates perchlorates permanganates iodates chromium (VI) compounds bromine nitrates iodine

Water Reactive alkaline earth metals (sodium, potassium,

lithium, calcium) calcium carbide hydrides titanium tetrachloride acetic anhydride

Flammable solvents sodium metal sodium sulfide sulfur

hydrobromic acid hydrofluoric acid Inorganic Acids - Oxidizing sulfuric acid nitric acid perchloric acid

Organic Acids formic acid acetic acid propionic acid butyric acid

Caustics hydroxides of sodium, potassium, calcium,

lithium

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Centrifuge A laboratory centrifuge can be an important tool. It can also be a dangerous instrument if used or maintained improperly. Most hazards associated with centrifugation stem from one of two sources: mechanical conditions, and processing hazardous materials. This standard operating procedure addresses both of these categories and presents methods for controlling the risks associated with them.

Always ensure that loads are evenly balanced before a run.

Always observe the manufacturers maximum speed and sample density ratings.

Always observe speed reductions when running high density solutions, plastic adapters, or stainless steel tubes.

Always place the centrifuge, even small bench top units, on a stable surface. Do not set it on a cart. An unbalanced centrifuge could cause the unstable base to fail or tip over. A running centrifuge hitting the ground could fail catastrophically, leading to personal injury and property damage.

FatigueEven when manufacturers’ recommendations are closely followed, metal rotors will suffer fatigue. Repeated cyclical stretching and relaxation will cause changes in the metal’s microstructure, resulting in eventual cracks and failure. Centrifuge manufacturers typically give both an expiration date (beyond which the rotor should not be used under any circumstance) and a maximum number of runs. To prevent mechanical rotor failure due to fatigue, observe the following:

Never use a rotor past the manufacturer’s expiration or safe-service date.

It is the supervisor’s responsibility to keep a rotor-use log to prevent overuse. (Note: some newer equipment may have datalogging capability. Consult the manufacturer’s instructions for specific recordkeeping requirements.)

CorrosionMany rotors are made from either titanium or aluminum alloy, chosen for their advantageous mechanical properties. While titanium alloys are quite corrosion-resistant, aluminum alloys are not. Note that although a rotor may be made of titanium alloy, other centrifuge components may be made from aluminum due to design considerations. When corrosion occurs, the metal is weakened and less able to bear the stress from the centrifugal force exerted during operation. The combination of stress and corrosion causes the rotor to fail more quickly and at lower stress levels than an uncorroded rotor. To prevent corrosion, observe the following:

Select titanium-alloy or comparable rotors for areas where corrosive solutions, like KBr, will be used regularly.

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MECHANICAL

StressCentrifugal force puts a load on the rotor, causing stretching or a change in the dimensions of the metal. Each rotor is designed to withstand a certain amount of stress and return to its original dimensions. However, if that amount of stress is exceeded, the rotor will not return to its original shape and size. This causes minute cracks and other wear that will deteriorate the rotor over time, leading to possibly dangerous consequences. To prevent stress, the following practices are strongly recommended:

Never clean rotors or associated parts with abrasive wire brushes.

Avoid using alkaline detergents or cleaning solutions on aluminum parts. (Note: most solutions designed for radioactive decontamination are highly alkaline. See the Hazardous Samples section below for more detail.)

If corrosive or alkaline materials have been run or spilled, be sure to wash affected parts of the centrifuge immediately and allow them to air dry.

Store the rotor away from the centrifuge in a dry area, with all cavities facing downward to prevent the accumulation of moisture.

Other points to prevent a mechanical rotor failure:

Use only rotors compatible with your centrifuge. Consult the operating manual for a list of compatible rotors for each centrifuge.

Never attempt to open the door while the rotor is spinning or attempt to stop the rotor by hand.

Do not attempt to move the centrifuge while it is in operation.

Inspect the rotor before use and any time the rotor may have been subject to damage (i.e. dropped). Do not use the rotor if any cracks, rough spots, pitting, discolorations, or other abnormalities are present. Contact the manufacturer for details and service.

Consider maintaining a service contract with a manufacturer’s representative.

HAZARDOUS SAMPLESCentrifugation of hazardous samples may result in exposure to chemical, biological, or radioactive agents. Careful consideration must be given to work practices to avoid hazards. The following is a list of practices that should be followed whenever hazardous materials are centrifuged:

When possible, samples should be aspirated rather than poured from centrifuge tubes.

Load and unload hazardous samples in ventilated enclosures (biosafety cabinet for biological specimens, ducted fume hood for hazardous chemicals, etc.)

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Centrifuges used with hazardous aerosols and under a vacuum should be fitted with an appropriate in-line filter to protect the vacuum pump. (Contact the manufacturer for retrofits.)

When hazardous samples are centrifuged, contain samples in safety cups, sealed tubes, or safety rotors.

When safety containers are not available, centrifuge in a ventilated enclosure or evacuate the chamber before opening the lid via a vacuum port.

Wait at least 10 minutes after the centrifuge has stopped to allow any aerosols generated in the chamber to settle.

Clean and decontaminate all parts after each use, according to the manufacturer’s instructions. (Note: some rotors may be autoclaved. Check with the manufacturer.)

SPILLS AND LEAKSOccasionally samples may spill or leak inside the centrifuge due to failure of the rotor or associated centrifuge parts. Anytime a sample containing hazardous materials has leaked inside the centrifuge this should be treated as an emergency and the following steps should be followed:

Close the centrifuge lid immediately with the samples remaining inside and turn the centrifuge off.

It may be necessary to vacate the lab depending on the nature of the spilled material and its ability to generate an aerosol. When the lab must be vacated, secure the room such that others cannot gain access. Post signage indicating restricted entry. A building-wide evacuation may be required.

All personnel should decontaminate themselves and seek medical attention as necessary. Notify principal investigators, lab supervisors, and coworkers as quickly as possible about the

issue. Form a plan for decontamination Wait at least 30 minutes before entering the lab to allow aerosols to settle and decontaminate

according to plan.

The Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) may be contacted for technical assistance.

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Cryogenics

What is Cryogenics?Cryogenics is the study and use of materials at extremely low temperatures. The term “cryogenics,” according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), applies to all temperatures less than –150°C (–238°F).

Compounds that are normally gases at room temperature condense to liquids at extremely cold temperatures. Gases can also be condensed to liquids by exposing them to very high pressures. Common cryogenic liquids are liquid nitrogen (LN2), liquid oxygen and liquid helium. Applications that use cryogenics include tool/metal tempering, nuclear research, electromagnetism work and multiple laboratory techniques. Surgeons are using cryogenics to treat Parkinson’s disease, destroy brain tumors and arrest cervical cancer. Rocket engines are fueled by liquid oxygen, as are cutting and welding torches. Because of the nature of cryogenic liquids, special precautions must be taken when working with them.

Effects of Cryogenics on MaterialsThe extreme temperatures of these liquids cause most solids to become more brittle. Materials such as carbon steel, plastics and rubber should not be used with cryogenic liquids because they can fracture or shatter extremely easily.

Physical Effects of ExposureContact with cryogenic liquids to the eyes or the skin can cause serious frostbite injuries. Tissues that have been frozen will be painless while still frozen and may look waxy and yellow in hue. Thawed frostbitten skin will be very painful, red and swollen and can become infected.

Any flesh that comes in contact with a cryogenically cooled material can stick to that material, similar to the way some children stick their tongues to flagpoles in the winter. Where cryogenics is involved, however, metallic materials are not the only ones that cause this risk. It is important to remember that even nonmetallic materials are extremely dangerous to touch. Removal of the skin from any material can cause tearing of the flesh when attempted. To minimize the chances of freezing materials to skin, all watches and jewelry on the hands and wrists should be removed. When cryogenic liquids warm and revert to their gaseous state, oxygen can be displaced. Oxygen-deficient atmospheres can cause dizziness, nausea, vomiting, unconsciousness, confusion and death. However, not all symptoms will necessarily be present depending on the rapidity of the gas expansion. Unconsciousness could occur without any preceding signs of danger.

First AidIf the body has been exposed to either a cryogenic liquid or gas, the tissues should be restored to normal body temperature by running warm liquid (108°F) over the affected part. Water should never be more than 112°F and the affected part should not be rubbed at any time. This can cause further damage to the area. The victim should get emergency care as quickly as possible to minimize further damage and for damage assessment.

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If a person is overcome by loss of oxygen while working with cryogenic liquids, that person should be moved to a well-ventilated area immediately. A self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required for rescue so the rescuer does not also fall victim. OSU EH&S and the Corvallis Fire Department has this protective equipment and should be called to respond to suspected low-oxygen conditions. Artificial respiration should be applied if breathing has stopped. If the person is having difficulty breathing, oxygen should be supplied. Emergency medical help should be summoned.

Personal Protective ApparelPersonal protective equipment is critical when working with cryogenics. Always wear chemical splash goggles and face shields during the transfer and handling process to guard against splashes and the possibility of vessel rupture causing flying debris.

Loose fitting, insulated gloves made to withstand extremely low temperatures should also be worn. The gloves should fit loosely enough so that if a splash occurs inside the gloves they can be thrown off easily and rapidly.

To protect all parts of the skin, long-sleeve shirts and trousers are also recommended. Pant legs should go over the tops of footwear so spills cannot get into boots or shoes and cause extreme tissue damage before the footwear can be removed.

If working in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere, you must use an oxygen-supplying respirator, such as an airline respirator with an egress bottle or a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA.) A cartridge-style respirator would not be appropriate because the problem with the atmosphere is the loss of oxygen, which cannot be added by filtration.

Environmental Controls and Cryogenic-Specific EquipmentBecause these liquids vaporize extremely rapidly, a different danger surfaces as they warm up. They are capable of producing huge amounts of gases, which could produce explosions or vessel ruptures. Containers should never be plugged or covered. This interferes with the needed venting of the container to prevent explosions.

Only use containers that are made specifically for cryogenic liquids, such as Dewar flasks. Dewar flasks consist of two flasks, with one inside the other. There is a space between the two flasks, which provides a layer of insulation. This insulation keeps the liquid from warming quickly and causing rapid expansion of the gas. And while these products are made to specifically withstand the stress of extreme temperature changes, they should still be filled very slowly to protect the containers from excessive internal stress that can cause damage and weaken the container.

Cryogenic containers should not be filled past 80% of capacity to account for the expansion of gases.

This rapid expansion of gas can lead to asphyxiation (except for oxygen) in an enclosed area. The gases can displace the oxygen and a person can be overtaken rapidly. Most cryogenic liquids—including liquid nitrogen—become colorless, odorless and tasteless gases, which makes them undetectable to human

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senses. Air with less than 18% oxygen can cause dizziness and continued lower levels quickly progress to unconsciousness and death. Always work with these liquids in a well-ventilated, open area.

Never store LN2 dewars in an enclosed space. Large (>1 liter) LN2 dewars should be stored in large general lab areas and not in walk-in coolers. The elevated temperature in the general lab area has only a very minimal effect on the overall evaporation rate. Never ride an elevator with an LN2 dewar regardless of its size. Either take the stairs or let the large LN2 dewar ride up by itself (use helpers to prevent anyone getting in the elevator with the dewar on intermediate floors).

If it is impossible to work with cryogenic liquids in an open area, air monitoring devices are available to measure oxygen levels. These are available in personal, handheld or fixed models. These units will alarm when oxygen levels get below 19.5%, alerting anyone in the room of the oxygen-deficient atmosphere before dangerous levels are reached.

Cryogenic liquids boil at room temperatures. This boiling can cause eruptions and splashes, so tongs need to be used when removing anything immersed in the liquid.

Commonly Asked Questions

Q. Why can’t I wear a cartridge-style respirator to protect from liquid nitrogen vapors?

A. Liquid nitrogen is not a danger in itself. In fact, normal air is 78% nitrogen. We don’t need protection from high levels of nitrogen gas. But the danger with liquid nitrogen is that it vaporizes so quickly it forces oxygen out of the area. Oxygen is normally present at about 21% of normal air. When it falls below 18% we do not have enough oxygen to function normally. Since cartridge-style respirators are only made to remove contaminants, they are inappropriate for an environment that is oxygen deficient.

Q. What kind of gloves are needed for working with cryogenics?

A. Gloves should be insulated and made to withstand the low temperatures of cryogenic liquids. They should also be loose fitting so they can be easily removed if a spill should go inside the glove.

Q. How cold is liquid nitrogen?

A. Liquid Nitrogen condenses to a liquid at –320°F.

Q. I only have one liter of nitrogen gas. Why do I have to worry about being in an enclosed space?

A. One liter of liquid nitrogen can expand to 24.6 cu. ft. of gas, which is an expansion ratio of 1:696.

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This can rapidly fill a small space and cause a very dangerous situation.

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Electrophoresis DevicesPrecautions to prevent electric shock must be followed when conducting procedures involving electrophoresis. Lethal electric shock can result when operating at high voltages such as in DNA sequencing or low voltages such as in agarose gel electrophoresis (e.g., 100 volts at 25 milliamps).These general guidelines should be followed:

Turn the power off before connecting the electrical leads Connect one lead at a time, using one hand only Ensure that hands are dry while connecting leads Keep the apparatus away from sinks or other water sources Turn off power before opening lid or reaching inside chamber Do not override safety devices Do not run electrophoresis equipment unattended. If using acrylamide, purchase premixed solutions or pre-weighed quantities whenever possible If using ethidium bromide, have a hand-held UV light source available in the laboratory. Check

working surfaces after each use. Mix all stock solutions in a chemical fume hood. Provide spill containment by mixing gels on a plastic tray Decontaminate surfaces with ethanol. Dispose of all cleanup materials as hazardous waste.

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Fume Hoods

General Laboratory fume hoods are important safety devices. Hoods function as local exhaust ventilation that protect personnel from exposure to chemicals

being handled. Training of personnel, proper design of experiments and careful operation of equipment are

equally important for lab safety. Fume hoods cannot overcome poor work practices by users.

Good Fume Hood Practices

Operation Before using a hood check that the air is exhausting properly. Using a chem-wipe or tissue to

observe the “pull” of the air flow is an effective and low cost method of doing this. If the hood is not working, notify the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) Keep sash openings to a minimum Hoods are annually checked by the SOHS and can be done more frequently on request Hood sash should not be positioned higher than what is necessary to get good range of motion

of the hands and forearms. The sash should be low enough to cover the users face and upper chest.

If there is a need for safety/blast shields within the hood, they should be obtained separately; the sash alone should not be used as safety/blast shield.

Sources of emission should be kept at least 5 inches inside the plane of the sash Users should keep their faces outside the plane of the hood sash Keep front air foil clear - don't block with lab bench liner Don't block hood exhaust openings or room air supply vents; they are essential for the proper

operation and capture efficiency of the hood Keep hood sashes closed when not in use Design experiments NOT to exceed the hood's exhaust capacity with anticipated experimental

emissions

Storage Keep storage of chemicals in a hood to a minimum Stored chemicals may add to the seriousness of an incident such as a fire Stored chemicals block exhaust openings Only necessary equipment should be placed in the hood Large equipment impedes air flow and causes air turbulence and poor capture efficiency Place large equipment on spacers to allow for air to pass underneath

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Gas Cylinder Safety

General Compressed gas cylinders are routinely used without incident Cylinders may easily be a hazard if they are mishandled Stories abound about cylinders where the valve was broken and the cylinder took off bounding

around the room or through brick walls Many common gases have explosive and toxic potential for cylinder sizes found in our

laboratories and shops A 9"x51" cylinder filled with pressurized butane gas can create an extremely flammable cloud

200 cubic feet in volume Lecture bottle cylinder, at 2"x12", can release 30 cubic feet of butane

Safe Handling Ensure contents of cylinders are properly identified Don't accept unidentified cylinders and don't rely on color codes; read the label Don't destroy or remove identification tags or labels Check to see cylinder valves are protected with protective caps Leave caps on until the gas is about to be used. Move cylinders only with a suitable hand truck Do not roll or drop cylinders, or let them bump violently against each other. Secure cylinders with a chain or strap positioned around the upper third of the cylinder Small cylinders may be put on their side and blocked to prevent rolling Clear cylinder valves of any dust or dirt before attaching proper regulators Some regulators are only for specific gases; regulators should not be interchanged Do not force connection fittings and never tamper with safety devices in cylinder valves or

regulators Release adjusting screw on regulator before opening cylinder valve Stand to the side of the regulator when opening cylinder valve Open cylinder valve slowly Use protective gloves and eye wear when handling cylinders containing cryogenic (super-cold)

gases Store cylinders in a well-ventilated area away from all sources of heat or flames Do not store flammable gases next to exit or oxygen cylinders Before returning cylinder, close the valve and replace the protective cap Separate empty and full cylinders during storage Mark empty cylinders "EMPTY" or "MT" Know safety and first-aid requirements for gases being used. Review Safety Bulletins, MSDS sheets, and read the warning labels

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General Lab Safety RulesThese concepts may apply in any areas where hazardous chemicals are used or stored.

Safety takes precedence over all other considerations. When performing dangerous chemical procedures, be sure there is someone in the immediate

vicinity you can reach in case of emergency. Know the location of eyewash fountains and emergency showers. Find out how to use them

properly. Before beginning a procedure, take a minute to investigate hazards involved; take all necessary

safety precautions. Store food products in separate non-lab refrigerators specifically reserved for that use. Eating, drinking, and smoking is not permitted in laboratory areas. Break rooms should be

available for that use. Remove unsafe equipment from service. Report unsafe facilities or behavior to your supervisor. Because unattended equipment and reactions are major causes of fire, floods, and explosions,

double check utility connections. Anticipate hazards that would result from failure of electrical, water, or gas supply.

Use hose keepers on water condenser lines.

Personal Protection, Clothing, and Hair Properly label all containers. Wear approved eye and face protection suitable for the work at hand. Safety glasses or goggles

should be worn at all times while working with chemicals at the counter or laboratory hood. A face shield should be worn when working with potentially eruptive substances.

Remind all visitors and non-lab staff to observe lab safety rules, including eye protection, while in the laboratory.

Wear protective gloves and clothing whenever handling corrosive, toxic, or other hazardous chemicals. Wear closed-toe shoes at all times in the lab.

Check that guards are provided on moving parts of mechanical apparatus to prevent hazardous contact.

Maintain lab areas reasonably neat and uncluttered. Use the fume hood for all operations involving harmful gases or fumes and for flammable or

explosive materials. Check the hood to see that it is operating adequately and has been inspected within the last year.

Use a safety shield or barrier to protect against explosion, implosion, and flash fires when performing reactions with large volume of flammable liquids or unstable material.

Inspect glassware for cracks, sharp edges, and contamination before using. Broken or chipped glassware should be repaired and polished or discarded.

Always use a lubricant (e.g., water, glycerol) when inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers or grommets. Protect hands in case tubing breaks.

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Broken glass should be put in impervious containers that are large enough to completely contain the glass. These containers are to be placed into the building trash dumpsters by laboratory personnel.

Do not handle radioactive isotopes without oversight from the USDA Radiation Safety Division.

Chemical Handling Transport dangerous or flammable liquids in a safety pail or other adequate secondary

containment. Prevent containers from tipping when transporting on a cart. Take extra precautions when working with large quantities of reactants. Use caution when adding anything to a strong acid, caustic, or oxidant. Add slowly. When adding solids (boiling chips, charcoal, etc.) to a liquid, check that it isn't hot. Use a pipet filler - not mouth suction - for all pipet work Keep the mouth of any vessel being heated pointed away from any person (including yourself). When working with biohazardous material, guard against infection by skin contact, inhalation of

aerosols, and contamination of food and beverages. Known carcinogens, mutagens, and teratogens should not be used or stored in normal

laboratory situations. Such substances require extreme precaution, tight security, limited access, secondary containers, and other safety procedures; see the Location Carcinogen Safety program.

Flammable liquids should only be heated with steam, hot water or a grounded heating mantle. Check the area for possible flames or electrical sparks.

All experiments involving volatile flammable liquids (e.g., diethyl ether) should be considered fire or explosive hazards.

When not in use, laboratory natural gas lines should be shut off at the line valve rather than at the equipment.

Whenever possible, position energized electrical equipment, or other devices that may emit sparks or flame, at least six inches above the floor.

Properly ground electrical equipment. Laboratory electrical equipment should have a three-conductor cord that connects to a

grounded electrical outlet, unless the equipment is dual-insulated.. Electrical wiring for experiments, processes, etc. should be done neatly, and must conform to

electrical code requirements. Store strong oxidants (e.g., nitrates, chlorates, perchlorates, peroxides) in a dry area apart from

organic materials. Use a specially designed wash-down laboratory hood for open heated perchloric acid digestions.

Chemical Storage Include the word "flammable" on all flammable liquid containers. Whenever possible, store flammable solvents in NFPA-approved flammable liquid storage

cabinets or approved solvent storage rooms. If storing more than 10 gallons of flammable liquids in a laboratory, a flammable liquid cabinet

MUST be used.

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Pay careful attention to peroxide-forming compounds. Organic peroxides may detonate by shock, friction, or heat. Compounds with dangerous tendencies to form peroxides by reaction with oxygen (e.g., many ethers and other chemical clases) have a limited shelf life. They should be dated on opening, and should in no case be stored for longer than one year.

Keep caustics stored below eye level. Keep glass containers of chemicals off the floor - unless they are inside protective containers or

pans that are kick-proof. Inventory chemicals periodically and discard old, no-longer-needed substances through the

campus hazardous waste disposal program. Report chemical inventory annually to the SOHS for OSHA and State inventory reporting

purposes. See “Chemical Storage Guidelines” for more information on chemical storage.

Pressure and Vacuum Systems Plan and provide for the possibility of explosion prior to conducting experiments that develop

high pressure or vacuum. Heat reactants only in a system with an approved pressure release. Wait for pressure to be released before opening a pressurized vessel (autoclave, etc.). Secure compressed gas cylinders in an upright position at all times to prevent from falling. Keep

protective caps in place when moving or storing gas cylinders. Regulators designed for specific cylinders are not interchangable. Keep flammable gas cylinders away from exits and oxygen cylinders. When moving cylinders with a lift truck or hand truck, make sure there is an approved rack or

securing device. Oxygen is not a substitute for compressed air. Gauges or regulators for oxidizing gases must not use oil as a lubricant. Oxygen under pressure

reacts violently with oil or grease. Suitable pressure regulator are required for compressed gas use. FULLY RELEASE pressure adjusting screws on regulators BEFORE attaching the regulator to a

cylinder. Always open the valves on cylinders slowly, and do not stand in front of pressure regulator

gauge faces when opening cylinder valves. Do not strike valves with tools, or use excessive force in making connections. Avoid mixtures of acetylene with oxygen or air prior to use - except at a standard torch. Cylinders not provided with fixed hand wheel valves shall have keys or handles provided on

valve stems at all times when cylinders are in use. Compressed gas cylinders are high-pressure vessels and should be handled accordingly - they

should not be dropped, bumped violently, skidded or rolled horizontally. Keep stored cylinders out of direct sun and areas with increased temperature, such as boiler or

rooms.

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Container Handling Properly label all containers. If unsure, check rule # 10 (above). Before re-using any food container, first remove the original label completely. Chemical transport containers are not to be used for non-compatible chemicals or for food

products at any time. All containers should have a lid at all times except during an active experiment. Refrigeration of flammable materials must be done in spark-proof or explosion-proof

refrigerators.

Chemical Spills and Waste Disposal Devise a plan to deal with small spills before one occurs. POST the plan in the lab and get

appropriate equipment. Quickly and thoroughly clean up any liquid or solid chemical spill in the laboratory or area of operations. If any uncertainty exists, call the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS).

For large spills or spills of highly toxic/flammable chemicals, initiate a building-wide evacuation by activating a fire-alarm pull station.

Dispose of chemical wastes by approved methods only. Unwanted or no-longer-useful chemicals are chemical wastes. Contact the SOHS for waste disposal guidelines.

Reagent bottles should be thoroughly cleaned of any hazardous material prior to disposal. Clean glass reagent bottles can usually be recycled.

Four simple steps to help comply with hazardous waste rules: Perform a waste determination on all wastes (SOHS responsibility) Label all waste containers with "waste" or "used", plus a chemical description, BEFORE adding

waste. Keep all waste containers closed except when adding waste. Keep the waste in the room where it was generated.

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GlasswareAlthough glass vessels are frequently used in low-vacuum operations, evacuated glass vessels may collapse violently, either spontaneously from strain or from an accidental blow. Therefore, pressure and vacuum operations in glass vessels should be conducted behind adequate shielding. It is advisable to check for flaws such as star cracks, scratches and etching marks each time a vacuum apparatus is used. Only round-bottomed or thick-walled (e.g., Pyrex) evacuated reaction vessels specifically designed for operations at reduced pressure should be used. Repaired glassware is subject to thermal shock and should be avoided. Thin-walled, Erlenmeyer or round-bottomed flasks larger than 1 L should never be evacuated.

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Heating DevicesMost labs use at least one type of heating device, such as ovens, hot plates, heating mantles and tapes, oil baths, salt baths, sand baths, air baths, hot-tube furnaces, hot-air guns and microwave ovens. Steam-heated devices are generally preferred whenever temperatures of 100o C or less are required because they do not present shock or spark risks and can be left unattended with assurance that their temperature will never exceed 100o C. Ensure the supply of water for steam generation is sufficient prior to leaving the reaction for any extended period of time.

A number of general precautions need to be taken when working with heating devices in the laboratory. When working with heating devices, consider the following:

The actual heating element in any laboratory heating device should be enclosed in such a fashion as to prevent a laboratory worker or any metallic conductor from accidentally touching the wire carrying the electric current.

Heating device becomes so worn or damaged that its heating element is exposed, the device should be either discarded or repaired before it is used again.

Laboratory heating devices should be used with a variable autotransformer to control the input voltage by supplying some fraction of the total line voltage, typically 110 V.

The external cases of all variable autotransformers have perforations for cooling by ventilation and, therefore, should be located where water and other chemicals cannot be spilled onto them and where they will not be exposed to flammable liquids or vapors.

Fail-safe devices can prevent fires or explosions that may arise if the temperature of a reaction increases significantly because of a change in line voltage, the accidental loss of reaction solvent or loss of cooling. Some devices will turn off the electric power if the temperature of the heating device exceeds some preset limit or if the flow of cooling water through a condenser is stopped owing to the loss of water pressure or loosening of the water supply hose to a condenser.

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Heating MantlesHeating mantles are commonly used for heating round-bottomed flasks, reaction kettles and related reaction vessels. These mantles enclose a heating element in a series of layers of fiberglass cloth. As long as the fiberglass coating is not worn or broken, and as long as no water or other chemicals are spilled into the mantle, heating mantles pose no shock hazard.

Always use a heating mantle with a variable autotransformer to control the input voltage. Never plug them directly into a 110-V line.

Be careful not to exceed the input voltage recommended by the mantle manufacturer. Higher voltages will cause it to overheat, melt the fiberglass insulation and expose the bare heating element.

If the heating mantle has an outer metal case that provides physical protection against damage to the fiberglass, it is good practice to ground the outer metal case to protect against an electric shock if the heating element inside the mantle shorts against the metal case.

Some older equipment might have asbestos insulation rather than fiberglass. Contact the SOHS to replace the insulation and for proper disposal of the asbestos.

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Hot PlatesLaboratory hot plates are normally used for heating solutions to 100o C or above when inherently safer steam baths cannot be used. Any newly purchased hot plates should be designed in a way that avoids electrical sparks. However, many older hot plates pose an electrical spark hazard arising from either the on-off switch located on the hot plate, the bimetallic thermostat used to regulate the temperature or both. Laboratory workers should be warned of the spark hazard associated with older hot plates.

In addition to the spark hazard, old and corroded bimetallic thermostats in these devices can eventually fuse shut and deliver full, continuous current to a hot plate.

Do not store volatile flammable materials near a hot plate

Limit use of older hot plates for flammable materials.

Check for corrosion of thermostats. Corroded bimetallic thermostats can be repaired or reconfigured to avoid spark hazards. Contact the SOHS for more info.

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Microwave OvensMicrowave ovens used in the laboratory may pose several different types of hazards.

As with most electrical apparatus, there is the risk of generating sparks that can ignite flammable vapors.

Metals placed inside the microwave oven may produce an arc that can ignite flammable materials.

Materials placed inside the oven may overheat and ignite.

Sealed containers, even if loosely sealed, can build pressure upon expansion during heating, creating a risk of container rupture.

To minimize the risk of these hazards,

Never operate microwave ovens with doors open in order to avoid exposure to microwaves. Do not place wires and other objects between the sealing surface and the door on the oven’s

front face. The sealing surfaces must be kept absolutely clean. Never use a microwave oven for both laboratory use and food preparation. Electrically ground the microwave. If use of an extension cord is necessary, only a three-wire

cord with a rating equal to or greater than that for the oven should be used. Do not use metal containers and metal-containing objects (e.g., stir bars) in the microwave.

They can cause arcing. Do not heat sealed containers in the microwave oven. Even heating a container with a loosened

cap or lid poses a significant risk since microwave ovens can heat material so quickly that the lid can seat upward against the threads and containers can explode.

Remove screw caps from containers being microwaved. If the sterility of the contents must be preserved, use cotton or foam plugs. Otherwise plug the container with kimwipes to reduce splash potential.

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Oil, Salt and Sand BathsElectrically heated oil baths are often used to heat small or irregularly shaped vessels or when a stable heat source that can be maintained at a constant temperature is desired. Molten salt baths, like hot oil baths, offer the advantages of good heat transfer, commonly have a higher operating range (e.g., 200 to 425oC) and may have a high thermal stability (e.g., 540oC).There are several precautions to take when working with these types of heating devices:

Take care with hot oil baths not to generate smoke or have the oil burst into flames from overheating.

Always monitor oil baths by using a thermometer or other thermal sensing devices to ensure that its temperature does not exceed the flash point of the oil being used.

Fit oil baths left unattended with thermal sensing devices that will turn off the electric power if the bath overheats.

Mix oil baths well to ensure that there are no “hot spots” around the elements that take the surrounding oil to unacceptable temperatures.

Contain heated oil in a vessel that can withstand an accidental strike by a hard object. Mount baths carefully on a stable horizontal support such as a laboratory jack that can be raised

or lowered without danger of the bath tipping over. Iron rings are not acceptable supports for hot baths.

Clamp equipment high enough above a hot bath that if the reaction begins to overheat, the bath can be lowered immediately and replaced with a cooling bath without having to readjust the equipment setup.

Provide secondary containment in the event of a spill of hot oil. Wear heat-resistant gloves when handling a hot bath. The reaction container used in a molten salt bath must be able to withstand a very rapid heat-up

to a temperature above the melting point of salt. Take care to keep salt baths dry since they are hygroscopic, which can cause hazardous popping

and splattering if the absorbed water vaporizes during heat-up.

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OvensElectrically heated ovens are commonly used in the laboratory to remove water or other solvents from chemical samples and to dry laboratory glassware. Never use laboratory ovens for human food preparation.

Laboratory ovens should be constructed such that their heating elements and their temperature controls are physically separated from their interior atmospheres.

Laboratory ovens rarely have a provision for preventing the discharge of the substances volatilized in them. Connecting the oven vent directly to an exhaust system can reduce the possibility of substances escaping into the lab or an explosive concentration developing within the oven.

Ovens should not be used to dry any chemical sample that might pose a hazard because of acute or chronic toxicity unless special precautions have been taken to ensure continuous venting of the atmosphere inside the oven.

To avoid explosion, glassware that has been rinsed with an organic solvent should be rinsed again with distilled water before being dried in an oven.

Bimetallic strip thermometers are preferred for monitoring oven temperatures. Mercury thermometers should not be mounted through holes in the top of ovens so that the bulb hangs into the oven. Should a mercury thermometer be broken in an oven of any type, the oven should be closed and turned off immediately, and it should remain closed until cool. All mercury should be removed from the cold oven with the use of appropriate cleaning equipment and procedures in order to avoid mercury exposure.

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Refrigerators and FreezersThe potential hazards posed by laboratory refrigerators and freezers involve vapors from the contents, the possible presence of incompatible chemicals and spillage.

Only refrigerators and freezers specified for laboratory use should be utilized for the storage of chemicals. These refrigerators have been constructed with special design factors, such as heavy-duty cords and corrosion resistant interiors to help reduce the risk of fire or explosions in the lab.

Standard refrigerators have electrical fans and motors that make them potential ignition sources for flammable vapors. Do not store flammable liquids in a refrigerator unless it is approved for such storage. Flammable liquid-approved refrigerators are designed with spark-producing parts on the outside to avoid accidental ignition. If refrigeration is needed inside a flammable-storage room, you should use an explosion-proof refrigerator.

Frost-free refrigerators should also be avoided. Many of them have a drain or tube or hole that carries water and possibly any spilled materials to an area near the compression, which may spark. Electric heaters used to defrost the freezing coils can also spark.

Only chemicals should be stored in chemical storage refrigerators; lab refrigerators should not be used for food storage or preparation. Refrigerators should be labeled for their intended purpose; labels reading “No Food or Drink to be Stored in this Refrigerator” or “Refrigerator For Food Only” are available from the SOHS.

All materials in refrigerators or freezers should be labeled with the contents, owner, date of acquisition or preparation and nature of any potential hazard. Since refrigerators are often used for storage of large quantities of small vials and test tubes, a reference to a list outside of the refrigerator could be used. Labels and ink used to identify materials in the refrigerators should be water-resistant.

All containers should be sealed, preferably with a cap. Containers should be placed in secondary containers, or catch pans should be used.

Loss of electrical power can produce extremely hazardous situations. Flammable or toxic vapors may be released from refrigerators and freezers as chemicals warm up and/or certain reactive materials may decompose energetically upon warming. Proactive planning can avoid product loss and hazardous situations in event of an extended power outage. Dry ice or alternate power sources can be used to prevent refrigerator and freezer contents from warming.

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Rotary EvaporatorsGlass components of the rotary evaporator should be made of Pyrex or similar glass. Glass vessels should be completely enclosed in a shield to guard against flying glass should the components implode. Increase in rotation speed and application of vacuum to the flask whose solvent is to be evaporated should be gradual.

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Stirring and Mixing DevicesThe stirring and mixing devices commonly found in laboratories include stirring motors, magnetic stirrers, shakers, small pumps for fluids and rotary evaporators for solvent removal. These devices are typically used in laboratory operations that are performed in a hood, and it is important that they be operated in a way that precludes the generation of electrical sparks.

Only spark-free induction motors should be used in power stirring and mixing devices or any other rotating equipment used for laboratory operations. While the motors in most of the currently marketed stirring and mixing devices meet this criterion, their on-off switches and rheostat-type speed controls can produce an electrical spark because they have exposed electrical conductors. The speed of an induction motor operating under a load should not be controlled by a variable autotransformer.

Because stirring and mixing devices, especially stirring motors and magnetic stirrers, are often operated for fairly long periods without constant attention, the consequences of stirrer failure, electrical overload or blockage of the motion of the stirring impeller should be considered.

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UltrasonicatorsHuman exposure to ultrasound with frequencies between 16 and 100 kilohertz (kHz) can be divided into three distinct categories: airborne conduction, direct contact through a liquid coupling medium, and direct contact with a vibrating solid.

Ultrasound through airborne conduction does not appear to pose a significant health hazard to humans. However, exposure to the associated high volumes of audible sound can produce a variety of effects, including fatigue, headaches, nausea and tinnitus. When ultrasonic equipment is operated in the laboratory, the apparatus must be enclosed in a 2-cm thick wooden box or in a box lined with acoustically absorbing foam or tiles to substantially reduce acoustic emissions (most of which are inaudible).

Direct contact of the body with liquids or solids subjected to high-intensity ultrasound of the sort used to promote chemical reactions should be avoided. Under sonochemical conditions, cavitation is created in liquids, and it can induce high-energy chemistry in liquids and tissues. Cell death from membrane disruption can occur even at relatively low acoustic intensities.

Exposure to ultrasonically vibrating solids, such as an acoustic horn, can lead to rapid frictional heating and potentially severe burns.

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VacuumsVacuum pumps are used in the lab to remove air and other vapors from a vessel or manifold. The most common usages are on rotary evaporators, drying manifolds, centrifugal concentrators (“speedvacs”), acrylamide gel dryers, freeze dryers, vacuum ovens, tissue culture filter flasks and aspirators, desiccators, filtration apparatus and filter/degassing apparatus.

The critical factors in vacuum pump selection are:

Application the pump will be used on Nature of the sample (air, chemical, moisture) Size of the sample(s)

When using a vacuum pump on a rotary evaporator, a dry ice alcohol slurry cold trap or a refrigerated trap is recommended. A Cold Trap should be used in line with the pump when high vapor loads from drying samples will occur. Consult manufacturer for specific situations. These recommendations are based on keeping evaporating flask on rotary evaporator at 400 C. Operating at a higher temperature allows the Dry Vacuum System to strip boiling point solvents with acceptable evaporation rates.

Vacuum pumps can pump vapors from air, water to toxic and corrosive materials like TFA and methylene chloride. Oil seal pumps are susceptible to excessive amounts of solvent, corrosive acids and bases and excessive water vapors. Pump oil can be contaminated quite rapidly by solvent vapors and mists. Condensed solvents will thin the oil and diminish its lubricating poroperties, possibly seizing the pump motor. Corrosives can create sludge by breaking down the oil and cause overheating. Excess water can coagulate the oil and promotes corrosion within the pump. Proper trapping (cold trap, acid trap) and routine oil changes greatly extend the life of an oil seal vacuum. Pump oil should be changed when it begins to turn a dark brown color.

Diaphragm pumps are virtually impervious to attack from laboratory chemical vapors. They are susceptible to physical wearing of the membrane if excessive chemical vapors are allowed to condense and crystallize in the pumping chambers. A five minute air purge either as part of the procedure or at day’s end will drive off condensed water vapors and further prolong pump life.

Hazardous chemicals can escape from the vacuum pump and pump should be place in the hood. Cold traps and acid traps can be helpful, but if allowed to thaw or saturate, they can lose their effectiveness.

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Maintenance

Acetylene

Overview Acetylene is highly flammable under pressure and is spontaneously combustible in air at pressures above 15 psig. Acetylene cylinders do not contain oxygen and may cause asphyxiation if released in a confined area. Since acetylene is shock-sensitive and explodes above 30 psi, cylinders of acetylene contain acetylene dissolved in acetone. Acetylene cylinders must not be placed on their sides, since the acetone and binders will have dislodged. The result may be formation of an acetylene "pocket" that is subject to polymerization and the possibility that liquid acetone will be released into the regulator.

Emergency Procedures In case of skin contact: Skin effects are not likely. Contact with liquid acetylene may cause irritation upon repeated exposures. Wash affected area(s) with soap and warm water. If irritation develops, seek medical attention.

In case of eye contact: Not a likely route of exposure since acetylene is a gas at room temperature. Contact of liquid acetylene with the eyes may cause temporary irritation. Flush with water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention as needed.

In case of inhalation: Acetylene is an asphyxiant and may cause anesthetic effects at high concentrations. Victims should be assisted to an uncontaminated area with fresh air.

In case of ingestion: Not a likely route of exposure since acetylene is a gas at room temperature.

Handling Acetylene is shipped in a cylinder packed with a porous mass material and a liquid solvent, commonly acetone. When the valve of a charged acetylene cylinder is opened, the acetylene comes out of solution and passes out in the gaseous form. IT IS CRUCIAL THAT FUSE PLUGS IN THE TOPS AND BOTTOMS OF ALL ACETYLENE CYLINDERS BE THOROUGHLY INSPECTED WHENEVER HANDLED TO DETECT SOLVENT LOSS. There should be no sources of ignition in the storage or use area. If rough handling or other occurrences should cause any fusible plug to leak, move the cylinder to an open space well away from any possible source and place a sign on the cylinder warning of "Leaking Flammable Gas". Contact Public Safety at 911.

Storage Do not store acetylene cylinders on their side. If an acetylene cylinder has tipped over or was stored on its side, carefully place the cylinder upright and do not use until the liquid has settled to the bottom. The rule of thumb is not to use the cylinder for as many minutes as the cylinder was on its side, up to 24 hours.

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Disposal Acetylene cylinders should be returned to the compressed gas distributor when emptied or no longer used.

Crane and Hoist Safety Direct supervision of an experienced and licensed operator is required for any trainee learning

to use lifting equipment. Riding a load or hook is prohibited. A limit switch is not to be used as an operating control. If the power goes off while an electric crane or hoist is being operated, turn off all switches or

operating buttons. Don't use a crane or hoist in an unsafe working condition until it is repaired. Makeshift repair of lifting equipment is prohibited. If a crane, hoist, or mobile lifting device has been red-tagged as dangerous, OSU employees will

not operate it.. Before hoisting work begins, consideration must be given to the fact that stress is greatly

increased if the leg of a hoisting chain, cable, or rope is rigged at an angle of less than 90 degrees with the horizontal. Avoid angles of less than 45 degrees.

Side pull is prohibited; the load must be directly in line with the mast or boom. Keep cranes, power shovels, telescoping lifting devices, and similar equipment at least 6 feet

away from high voltage lines. Use approved insulated buckets to lift personnel. Lift only one separately rigged load at a time. Keep lifting equipment from dangling or dragging under the load. The crane or hoist operator is responsible for the load. Only one employee will give signals to

the operator. The operator needs a clear view of work and equipment at all times. Attach the load to the crane or hoist by slings or other approved devices. Remove from service all deformed or defective hooks, rings, or other lifting equipment. Don't use wire or manila rope which is frayed to the extent that it is weakened, or wire rope

cables that are cut, frayed, kinked, or rusted. Nylon or wire rope slings must not be shortened by using knots.. Use only manufacturer-recommended means to secure chain links of a hoist; don't use a nut

and bolt, nails, pins, etc. Prevent sudden shock to slings used to lift equipment (e.g., twisting, snapping, or jerking into

place). Don't carry compressed gas cylinders on a sling. Don't wrap the working line of the hoist around the load. Inspect a load for loose parts or objects before lifting. Secure the safety latch on the hook of a hoist when lifting or moving a load. Secure and properly balance the load before lifting a few inches off the floor or support. Test the brake each time a load is lifted, by raising the load a few inches and applying the brake. Make sure equipment lifting a load isn't kinked or caught against obstructions while moving the

load upward.

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The area around the crane and the area directly under the travel path of the load is to be cordoned off sufficiently to prevent traffic and protect bystanders.

All Location cranes should be inspected on a yearly basis.

Construction Safety

Purpose

To ensure the safety of Location employees and the general public during construction projects.

Construction and renovation activities at USDA facilities performed by either outside contractors or

Location workers will be performed in a manner that prevents injuries and protects the environment.

Construction Safety Program

The Construction Safety program has been established to ensure the safety of Location employees and

the general public is an integral part of all construction projects on campus.

The Construction Safety program applies to all demolition and construction projects at the main campus.

The intent of the Construction Safety program is to establish minimum requirements for work site

isolation and to perform a safety review of projects that may generate dust, noise, and odors or may

encounter hazardous materials such as asbestos or lead. The program includes notification and

involvement of the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) by outside contractors prior to the

start of any construction project.

Construction safety requirements have been established that relate specifically to work performed at

the Location. The SOHS will discuss these requirements with contractors along with a schedule of any

necessary safety inspections. The construction safety requirements that apply to construction at the

Location are as follows:

All contractors and subcontractors shall come to the job trained in all Occupational Safety and

Health Act (OSHA) Standards applicable to the work process.

All demolition or renovation projects require an initial survey for asbestos or lead containing

materials. The SOHS must be notified prior to the start of any demolition or construction

activity so that they can perform any required survey.

All construction and maintenance activities regardless of size and/or scope must be fenced,

barricaded, or otherwise isolated to restrict entrance and to ensure the safety of those in the

general area. The SOHS will set the standards for project isolation.

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Any excavation across or adjacent to sidewalks or pathways which must be left open overnight,

must be identified with working, blinking construction lights in addition to solid barricades.

Contractors are required to submit documents that describe their safety program. The

documents must have enough detail to describe how they plan to protect their own workers

and how they will protect Location employees during the scope of their work.

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Electrical Safety Guidelines

General Improper use of electrical equipment may result in injury or property damage Use of electrical equipment and installations shall conform to good safety practice and

applicable laws and regulations For more information on electrical safety requirements, contact the Safety and Occupational

Health Specialist (SOHS)

Do Not Use:

2-wire ungrounded electrical devices. Management units must purchase only 3-wire grounded equipment. (Exceptions: "Double insulated" electrical devices and equipment operated under 50 volts.)

Electrical extension cords or cube taps as substitute for permanent wiring. Never run extension cords under doors, through windows or holes in walls. Never attach cords to walls or ceilings. Every device must be plugged directly into a receptacle. (Exceptions: Heavy duty extension cords may be used for experimental setups, or for portable tools/appliances used on a transient basis and frequently moved.) The use of a "Fused UL Rated" multi-outlet strip is permissible as long as it is plugged directly into a wall outlet.

Worn or damaged electrical cords, plugs, switches, receptacles, or cracked plastic casings. Electrical cords must be free of cracks, splices, frayed areas, loose connections, or other damage.

2-pole to 3-pole adapters, cube taps, 2-wire ungrounded extensions cords or similar devices. Electrical devices fabricated for experimental purposes must meet all construction and grounding requirements of the State of Oregon. Extension cords and similar devices must be UL listed.

Connections to Location power sources other than at existing outlets using conventional plug-in connection. Any hard-wired or special connections must be made or approved by the Facility Manager.

In an electrical emergency dial 911 for emergency aid - Ambulance, Fire Department or Police.

Electrical Operations - Safety Rules Only trained maintenance personnel should attempt electrical repairs or installations. Wear protective safety equipment (such as gloves, hard hats, respirators) as required by

Location policy or by supervisors. Use non-metallic ladders and measuring tapes near energized circuits and for all electrical work. Dispose broken glass from burned out lamps of in trash containers. Send used fluorescent tubes to the SOHS for proper disposal. Before starting work on an engine, motor, line shaft, or other power transmission equipment, a

padlocked lock-out device is required to make sure equipment cannot be set in motion. The lock should be applied and removed in accordance with the Location’s Lockout Tagout Program.

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Work being done in manholes or on overhead equipment must be safeguarded by using proper signs and guards around openings or under work area.

An observer shall be stationed on the surface when any manhole is entered, regardless of the voltage involved.

Confined spaces (manholes and certain tanks, tunnels, manholes, etc) can only be entered under the confined space program.

Specific and competent supervisor review and approval is needed for work on live lines over 277 volts.

Training is required prior to work with live line tools. Supervisor approval of work plans is required for high voltage electrical switching. Use approved testing equipment when opening primary and secondary switches to be sure that

the system is de-energized. To perform this job, use approved electrical gloves and with grounding straps. Wear appropriate eye protection.

Before starting work on a de-energized high voltage circuit, place warning signs or tags on the control switches where the operation of such switches would create a hazard.

For work on energized high voltage equipment, at least two employees are required. The following protective equipment is mandatory for employees who perform high voltage

switching operations in confined areas which could produce sparks: Approved safety hat for electrical work. Approved switching helmet and eye protection. Approved electrical gloves and cover gloves. Knee length flameproof coat. Safety equipment used for work on high voltage equipment will be specifically approved by

electricians. No substitutions for approved equipment is permitted. Inspect each tool or piece of equipment used as safety devices for high voltage work. Only use

equipment in good condition.

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Elevated Work Surfaces

General GuidelinesAll wall openings, open-sided floors or platforms 4 feet or more above an adjacent floor or ground must be guarded by a standard railing, which may require a toeboard

Fall protection is required wherever employees are working on unprotected surfaces more than 6 feet above a lower level, or at ANY height above dangerous equipment

Fall protection requires the use of lifelines, harnesses, and lanyards

An unprotected side or edge means any side or edge (except at entrances to points of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g., floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches (1.0 m) high.

Employees working on roofs where the ground to eave height is greater than 6 feet must be protected from falling from all unprotected sides and edges of the roof using one of the following:

Motion stopping safety device Warning line system consisting of a rope, wire or chain supported 34 to 39 inches above the

roof, flagged at least every 6 feet, located: 10 feet from the roof edge when mechanical equipment is being used; or 6 feet from the roof edge when mechanical equipment is not being used Safety monitoring system on roofs of 50 feet or less in width

o A safety monitoring system makes use of a competent person whose only task is to monitor and warn other workers on the roof that they are in risk of falling

All roof openings or holes inside a work area must be covered.

LaddersLadders can easily become unstable when not set up or used properly

When working on or near electrical circuits, power lines, or live electrical apparatus, use a non-conductive ladder

When using a ladder in front of doors that open towards the ladder, make sure the door is blocked, locked, or guarded

Always take ladders out of service that have broken or missing steps, rungs, cleats, or rails

When climbing up and down, face the ladder and grasp the side rails or rungs with both hands. Avoid carrying heavy loads up or down ladders; use hoisting equipment instead. Instead of reaching off center, take time to move the ladder closer to the work. Do not straddle the space between the ladder and another object.

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Portable StepladdersShould be no longer than 20 feet. Ladders come in three grades:

I (industrial), 3 to 20 feet long, for heavy duty work; II (commercial), 3 to 12 feet, for medium duty; III (household), 3 to 6 feet, for light duty work.

Must have a spreader or locking device to securely hold the front and back sections in the open position. Before use, see that stepladders are open all the way and locked into safe position.

Should have insulating non-slip material supplied on the bottom of the rails.

Should not be used while standing on the top plate or second step from top.

Must not be used with planks on top.

Portable Rung LaddersMay not be more than 30 feet long (single section) or more than 60 feet long (double section).

Should be placed so the distance from the wall to the foot of the ladder is one/fourth the length of the ladder. Set the ladder at an angle of about 75 degrees with the ground.

Are to be placed to prevent slipping, or they must be lashed in position. Do not place ladders on boxes, barrels, or other unstable bases, or lean ladders against movable objects.

Used to gain access to a roof should extend at least 3 feet above the point of support at eave, gutter, or roofline.

Should never be used from the top rung or the second rung from the top.

Aerial LiftsOnly trained employees may operate aerial lift devices (boom platforms).

Test lift controls on boom trucks each day prior to use.

When working from an aerial lift, a harness must be worn and a lanyard attached to the boom or basket. Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment is NOT permitted.

Do not sit or climb on the edge of the aerial lift basket.

Set brakes on boom trucks. When using outriggers, position on pads or on a solid surface.

Don't move an occupied aerial lift truck with the boom elevated in a working position unless the equipment is specifically designed for such work.

Any aerial lift vehicles exposed to traffic will have clearly visible flashing warning lights operating during use.

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Do not operate aerial lift devices with any portion of the lift less than 10 feet from live overhead electric power lines.

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ForkliftOregon OSHA's Forklift Operator Training regulation applies to operators at USDA-ARS-Corvallis and requires training and evaluation of industrial truck (forklift) operators before assignment to operate a forklift. The SOHS has developed a forklift safety certification program and can provide forklift safety training. Individual units can conduct their own forklift safety training as long as it follows the training requirements outlined below or you can contact the SOHS. Forklift operator training programs must include the elements in the following sections:

Safe OperationThe employer must ensure that every forklift operator is competent in the operation of the forklift as proven by successful completion of training.

Training Program ImplementationAll operator training and evaluation must be conducted by individuals who have the knowledge, training, and experience to train and evaluate potential operators. Training includes a combination of formal instruction, demonstrations and practical exercises performed by the trainee, and an evaluation of the operators' performance. Practical exercises must be performed under the direct supervision of trainers where the practical training does not endanger the trainee or other employees.

Training Program ContentTrainees must be initially trained in the following forklift-related and workplace-related topics:

Truck-Related Operating instructions, warnings and precautions for type of vehicle Similarities and differences to automobiles Control and instrumentation location and use Engine or motor operation Steering and maneuvering Visibility Fork and attachment limitations and use Vehicle capacity Vehicle stability Vehicle inspection and maintenance Refueling or charging batteries Operating limitations Other operating instructions, precautions listed in the operators manual Workplace-Related Surface conditions where forklift is used Load composition and stability Load stacking, un-stacking and transport Pedestrian traffic Narrow aisle and restricted area operation Operation in hazardous locations

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Ramp and sloped surface operation Unique or potentially hazardous conditions Operating the vehicle in closed environments.

Safe Forklift Operation RulesOnly authorized, trained personnel shall operate lift trucks.

Before start of shift, a visual inspection must be made to ensure that horn, lights, brakes, tires, gas supply, hydraulic lines, etc. are in safe working condition. Employees shall not operate an unsafe forklift at any time.

Fill fuel tanks out of doors while engine is off.

Do not exceed the safe load capacity of a forklift at any time. Do not counterweight a forklift to increase lifting capacity.

Operators shall drive with both hands on the steering wheel. Horseplay is prohibited. Do not drive with wet or greasy hands.

No person shall ride as a passenger on a forklift or on the load being carried.

A forklift will not be used to elevate a platform or pallet with persons on it, except work platforms especially designed for this purpose. Work platforms must have standard guard rails, and must be securely fastened to the forks.

No person shall stand or walk under elevated forks.

Operators should avoid making jerky starts, quick turns, or sudden stops. The operator will not use reverse as a brake.

Forklifts should be driven on the right side of the road or aisle-way.

Operators shall cross railroad tracks diagonally whenever possible.

Forklifts shall be operated at a safe speed with due regard for traffic and conditions. Maximum speed limits: inside buildings, 5 mph; outside buildings in work areas, 7 mph; on roads, 10 mph.

Slow down on wet and slippery surfaces and at cross aisles or locations where vision is obstructed.

Operators entering a building or nearing a blind corner shall make their approach at reduced speed. Sound horn and proceed carefully.

Standard arm signals will be used at all times.

Operators shall give pedestrians the right-of-way at all times.

Operators shall not drive toward any person who is in front of a fixed object or wall.

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Operators shall not overtake and pass another forklift traveling in the same direction, at intersections, blind spots, or hazardous locations.

Operators should not put their fingers, arms, or legs between the uprights of the mast, or beyond the contour of the forklift.

When the forklift is not carrying a load, the operator shall travel with the forks as low as possible (maximum of 3 inches on paved surfaces). When carrying a load, it should be carried as low as possible (consistent with safe operation, 2 to 6 inches above the surface.)

Forks should always be placed under the load as far as possible. Do not lift a load with one fork.

No load should be moved unless it is absolutely safe and secure.

The operator's view should not be obstructed by the load. In the event of a high load, the forklift will be driven backward.

Operators shall look in the direction of travel.

The forks should not be operated while the forklift is traveling.

On a downgrade, the load shall be last, and the forks raised only enough to clear the surface.

On an upgrade, the load shall be first, and the forks raised only enough to clear the surface.

Use extra care when handling long lengths of bar stock, pipe, or other materials.

Avoid sharp or fast end-swing.

Compressed gas cylinders shall be moved only in special pallets designed for this purpose.

When unloading trucks or trailers, the brakes on the vehicle will be set (locked) and the wheels chocked.

Forklifts must be safely parked when not in use. The controls shall be neutralized, power shut off, brakes set, key removed, and the forks left in a down position flat on the surface, and not obstructing walkways or aisles.

A forklift shall not be left on an incline unless it is safely parked and the wheels blocked.

Evaluation of PerformanceOnce the prospective forklift operator understands the basic safety principles and operation of the forklift they must demonstrate their ability to maneuver and safely operate the forklift. A competent forklift driver must set up an obstacle course or task that demonstrates all applicable principles. The prospective forklift driver must complete the course or task safely before being awarded certification.

Refresher TrainingRefresher training will be conducted every three years. Refresher training will be conducted so employees retain the ability to safely operate a forklift. Retraining should also be used if there is reason

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to believe that unsafe acts have been committed, an accident or near-miss occurs, an evaluation reveals a deficiency, assignment to a different type of forklift, or a workplace condition change that would affect forklift operations.

CertificationThe employer must certify that every forklift operator has received appropriate training, has been evaluated and has demonstrated competency in performing the operator's duties. The name of the trainee, date of training and signature of the designated evaluator (who is a knowledgeable and experience forklift operator) will be included in the certification. A copy of this certificate must be forwarded to the SOHS.

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Housekeeping and Custodial Safety If you see or detect a hazardous condition, including chemical spills, strange odors, or damaged asbestos-containing material such as pipe insulation, report it to your supervisor.

Wear personal protective clothing or safety devices as directed by your supervisor.

Wear rubber gloves and eye protection when using cleaning agents that may injure the skin.

Wear protective gloves when handling sharp objects such as scrap lumber or metal. Do not place hands into trash containers unless you are wearing protective leather or heavy plastic-coated gloves.

Head protection shall be worn when falling objects may be a hazard.

Approved safety belts and life lines may be required for off-the-ground work.

When the weight of a load or object is beyond your lifting capacity, use mechanical lifting devices whenever possible. Otherwise, get help from other employees.

Do not use power equipment that is not mechanically safe. Report any unsafe condition of power equipment to your supervisor.

Do not leave power sweepers or floor scrubbing machines running unattended.

Do not leave carts, cleaning materials, or equipment where anyone can trip over them.

Do not park equipment in front of electrical panels, fire equipment, or in exit aisles.

Do not push power sweepers or scrubbing machines with forklifts or other vehicles.

When mopping heavily used corridors always keep one side dry for use. Be sure to post the wet areas with warning signs.

Use only those cleaning solutions which have been approved by your supervisor. DO NOT MIX CHEMICAL CLEANING AGENTS. Use adequate ventilation when mixing.

All chemicals used or handled shall be properly identified. This requirement includes waste chemical materials. Only approved containers may be used.

Do not store poisons or corrosive cleaning chemicals in broom closets or cabinets unless the door is kept locked.

No work is permitted in pits, tanks, trenches, or confined spaces without specific instructions from your supervisor.

When working between machines or in confined areas, do not disturb the position of air hoses, electric cords, or other equipment unnecessarily. Be alert for equipment that may start or stop automatically.

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Do not attempt to clean a power-driven machine without making certain the power is off and locked or tagged out.

Do not attempt to clean portable electrical equipment without making certain that it is unplugged.

Do not disconnect electrical equipment by pulling on the cord. First, place the switch in the OFF position and then use the plug for pulling.

Carry full trash bags away from the body to prevent accidental cuts, scrapes, or abrasions from items within the bag.

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Painting Operations Safety

GeneralDo not perform work in a heavily populated area, including building air intake areas, until appropriate warnings are posted and occupants notified.

Whenever possible, isolate the immediate work area to prevent injury to bystanders. See construction and remodel for more information.

Protect your working area with warning flags and traffic cones when working road and traffic lines.

When spraying roofs or building exteriors, have adequate barricades and signs to detour traffic.

Eye protection is required whenever rust or loose paint is removed from surfaces with a wire brush. A hard hat is required if the work area is exposed to falling objects.

To avoid splinters, always observe the condition of the wood before sanding.

Store and dispense flammable solvents from approved safety cans only.

Follow the manufacturer's instructions for handling all epoxy materials, thinners, catalysts, paint removers, etc. Gloves and respirators are sometimes required.

Make a safety check of all equipment such as staging tools, spray pots, hoses, fitting hooks, etc.

Clean all working areas after each job and/or shift.

Make sure that you wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling food.

Inspect all ladders and scaffolds before you start work.

An approved life line, independently fastened to the building above the worker, is required for each worker on a swinging scaffold, boatswain's chair, or unguarded slope 10 feet or more above ground level.

Make sure that planks or ladder stages are long enough to extend well beyond the supports.

Do not climb onto or use rolling-type scaffolds unless wheels are fully locked.

Inspect all rope before use. Rope used around acid or caustics should be inspected frequently during use.

Do not use fiber rope that cannot easily be bent or worked, or if fibers seem to be dry or brittle.

Do not use fiber rope near sandblasting, or where there is exposure to chemical washing solutions.

SprayingAn approved respirator should be worn when spray painting is being done.

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Do not paint in shops, chemical laboratories, chemical storage rooms, or similar locations without specific instructions from the supervisor of such locations.

Do not perform spray painting in tanks, tunnels, or other confined space without specific permission from your supervisor. Appropriate breathing equipment, and/or controls are required for such work to assure that the atmosphere is safe.

Do not break connections in pressurized air hose lines.

Airless spraying with flammable materials should not be performed in confined areas unless there is sufficient ventilation to keep the atmosphere below the lower explosive limit of the material.

Airless spraying with flammable materials may cause generation of static electricity. This will require grounding of both the spraying equipment and the object to be sprayed.

Do not point an airless spray gun at any part of the body. Do not clean airless spray guns while there is pressure in the system.

Inspect and clean all gauges, gaskets, and valves on all spray equipment to ensure that they are in good working order.

Do not interfere with the mechanical operation of safety devices designed to protect you from contact with the spray under pressure.

Do not leave rags saturated with paint or thinner lying around in a pile. In order to avoid a fire, see that these rags are left unfolded until they are properly aired out and then discard them in approved containers. Storage in a water filled container is recommended.

Spontaneous ignition can occur if certain types of spray paint residues are permitted to mix or accumulate.

Dispose of surplus paints and solvents by approved methods only.

Removal of lead-based paint requires additional personal protective equipment and air sampling to determine lead exposure.

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Physical Labor Safety Facial hair will not be worn by those whose work requires the use of respiratory equipment if it will affect the positive seal of such safety devices.

Do not use unapproved containers (drinking cups, bottled or canned food containers, glass jars, etc.) to hold oil, industrial chemicals or solvents. All chemical containers shall be labeled, closed when not in use and stored according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Wearing hand protection, eye protection, foot protection, protective clothing, hoods, head protection, respirators, or other safety equipment is mandatory in those areas and operations specified by your supervisor.

Wear clothing and footwear appropriate for the work you are hired to perform. Jewelry, rings, loose sleeves, ties, lapels, cuffs, tags, or other loose objects which can be entangled in rotating machinery shall not be worn. Ordinary shoes made of leather or other approved materials shall be worn as a minimum in locations where mechanical or manual work is done or where chemicals or other materials are handled. Slippers, canvas shoes, sandals, and shoes with open toes shall not be worn in such locations.

When assisting or observing work which is hazardous, wear safety equipment which affords the same protection as that required for the person performing the work.

Do not disconnect alarms, warning devices, emergency equipment or similar systems without specific permission from your supervisor and the person responsible for the work area.

Do not ride in or on equipment not designed for transporting people.

Do not use makeshift devices to ascend or descend between different levels.

Do not work or stand under a suspended load. Stand clear of all objects being lifted by a hoist or other lifting equipment.

Do not attempt to operate industrial vehicles, cranes, or hoists unless you are authorized and trained to do so.

Do not load equipment beyond the prescribed capacity for its use.

Operate machines only when guards are in place and operational. Do not remove or alter any guard device.

Do not use machines that are danger-tagged. Switches which are danger-tagged frequently operate machines on which employees are working, and their lives may be endangered should the machine be started.

Stop power-driven machines or tools when performing inspection of work, changing blades or accessories, discussing the work with others, or leaving the machine or tool unattended.

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Never leave a piece of equipment or part in such a condition that the next employee could get hurt when he/she takes over where you left off.

Do not carry sharp objects in pockets or clothing.

Keep tools in good condition. Do not use chisels with mushroomed heads, dull saws, hammers with cracked handles, broken electric plugs, etc. Use the right tool for the job.

Do not use defective equipment or return a broken or defective tool to storage. The next employee who uses the tool may be seriously injured. Have the tool repaired.

Inspect wrenches often for worn or sprung jaws or other defects. Defective wrenches should be taken out of service.

Do not remove or disengage guards provided by the manufacturer for any power tool.

All tools furnished to a worker or owned by workers are subject to inspections and approval by supervisors for safe design and construction for the work to be performed.

Do not use compressed air or gas for any other purpose than that for which it is provided. Compressed air or gas should not be used for cleaning clothing or any part of the body. Do not use oxygen or any other gas from pressurized cylinders as a substitute for compressed air.

Do not use explosive activated tools unless you are certified to do so.

Workers are not permitted to work in trenches five feet or more in depth without proper protection.

Check ladders before use. Do not use weak or defective ladders or ladders with missing steps, broken steps, cracked side rails, or broken hardware.

Scaffolds shall be used according to the following rules:

Platform planks shall be approved for such use and placed no more than one inch apart.

Planks shall be placed so that tipping or sliding is not possible. Cleats must be used.

Employees shall not work on the top level of scaffolds unless guard rails are in use.

Employees shall not ride rolling type scaffolds (wheels must be locked when used).

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Chemicals

Corrosive MaterialsMany chemicals commonly used in the laboratory are corrosive or irritating to body tissue. They present a hazard to the eyes and skin by direct contact, to the respiratory tract by inhalation or to the gastrointestinal system by ingestion.

Corrosive LiquidsCorrosive liquids (e.g. mineral acids, alkali solutions and some oxidizers) represent a very significant hazard because skin or eye contact can readily occur from splashes and their effect on human tissue generally takes place very rapidly. Bromine, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide are examples of highly corrosive liquids.

The following should be considered:

1. The eyes are particularly vulnerable. It is therefore essential that approved eye and face protection be worn in all laboratories where corrosive chemicals are handled.

2. Gloves and other chemically resistant protective clothing should be worn to protect against skin contact.

3. To avoid a flash steam explosion due to the large amount of heat evolved, always add acids or bases to water (and not the reverse).

4. Acids and bases should be segregated for storage.

5. Liquid corrosives should be stored below eye level.

6. Adequate quantities of spill control materials should be readily available. Specialized spill kits for acids and bases are available through most chemical and laboratory safety supply catalogs.

Corrosive Gases and VaporsCorrosive gases and vapors are hazardous to all parts of the body; certain organs (e.g. the eyes and the respiratory tract) are particularly sensitive. The magnitude of the effect is related to the solubility of the material in the body fluids. Highly soluble gases (e.g. ammonia, hydrogen chloride) cause severe nose and throat irritation, while substances of lower solubility (e.g. nitrogen dioxide, phosgene, sulfur dioxide) can penetrate deep into the lungs.

Warning properties such as odor or eye, nose or respiratory tract irritation may be inadequate with some substances. Therefore, they should not be relied upon as a warning of overexposure.

Perform manipulations of materials that pose an inhalation hazard in a chemical fume hood to control exposure or wear appropriate respiratory protection.

Protect all exposed skin surfaces from contact with corrosive or irritating gases and vapors.

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Regulators and valves should be closed when the cylinder is not in use and flushed with dry air or nitrogen after use.

When corrosive gases are to be discharged into a liquid, a trap, check valve, or vacuum break device should be employed to prevent dangerous reverse flow.

Corrosive SolidsCorrosive solids, such as sodium hydroxide and phenol, can cause burns to the skin and eyes. Dust from corrosive solids can be inhaled and cause irritation or burns to the respiratory tract. Many corrosive solids, such as potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide, can produce considerable heat when dissolved in water.

Wear gloves and eye protection when handling corrosive solids.

When mixing with water, always slowly add the corrosive solid to water, stirring continuously. Cooling may be necessary.

If there is a possibility of generating a significant amount of dust, conduct work in a fume hood.

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Flammable Materials

Properties of Flammable and Combustible LiquidsFlammable and combustible liquids vaporize and form flammable mixtures with air when in open containers, when leaks occur, or when heated. To control these potential hazards, several properties of these materials, such as volatility, flashpoint, flammable range and autoignition temperatures must be understood. Information on the properties of a specific liquid can be found in that liquid’s material safety data sheet (MSDS), or other reference material.

Storage of Flammable and Combustible LiquidsFlammable and combustible liquids should be stored only in approved containers. Approval for containers is based on specifications developed by organizations such as the US Department of Transportation (DOT), OSHA, the National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA) or American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Containers used by the manufacturers of flammable and combustible liquids generally meet these specifications.

Safety Cans and Closed Containers

Many types of containers are required depending on the quantities and classes of flammable or combustible liquids in use. A safety can is an approved container of not more than 5 gallons capacity that has a spring closing lid and spout cover. Safety cans are designed to safely relieve internal pressure when exposed to fire conditions. A closed container is one sealed by a lid or other device so that liquid and vapor cannot escape at ordinary temperatures.

Flammable Liquid Storage CabinetsA flammable liquid storage cabinet is an approved cabinet that has been designed and constructed to protect the contents from external fires. Storage cabinets are usually equipped with vents, which are plugged by the cabinet manufacturer. Since venting is not required by any code or the by local municipalities and since venting may actually prevent the cabinet from protecting its contents, vents should remain plugged at all times. Storage cabinets must also be conspicuously labeled "FLAMMABLE – KEEP FIRE AWAY".

RefrigeratorsUse only those refrigerators that have been designed and manufactured for flammable liquid storage. Standard household refrigerators must not be used for flammable storage because internal parts could spark and ignite. Refrigerators must be prominently labeled as to whether or not they are suitable for flammable liquid storage.

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Storage Considerations:Quantities should be limited to the amount necessary for the work in progress.

No more than 10 gallons of flammable and combustible liquids, combined, should be stored outside of a flammable storage cabinet unless safety cans are used. When safety cans are used, up to 25 gallons may be stored without using a flammable storage cabinet.

Storage of flammable liquids must not obstruct any exit.

Flammable liquids should be stored separately from strong oxidizers, shielded from direct sunlight, and away from heat sources.

Handling PrecautionsThe main objective in working safely with flammable liquids is to avoid accumulation of vapors and to control sources of ignition.

Besides the more obvious ignition sources, such as open flames from Bunsen burners, matches and cigarette smoking, less obvious sources, such as electrical equipment, static electricity and gas-fired heating devices should be considered.

Some electrical equipment, including switches, stirrers, motors, and relays can produce sparks that can ignite vapors. Although some newer equipment have spark-free induction motors, the on-off switches and speed controls may be able to produce a spark when they are adjusted because they have exposed contacts. One solution is to remove any switches located on the device and insert a switch on the cord near the plug end.

Pouring flammable liquids can generate static electricity. The development of static electricity is related to the humidity levels in the area. Cold, dry atmospheres are more likely to facilitate static electricity. Bonding or using ground straps for metallic or non-metallic containers can prevent static generation.

Control all ignition sources in areas where flammable liquids are used. Smoking, open flames and spark producing equipment should not be used.

Whenever possible use plastic or metal containers or safety cans.

When working with open containers, use a laboratory fume hood to control the accumulation of flammable vapor.

Use bottle carriers for transporting glass containers.

Use equipment with spark-free, intrinsically safe induction motors or air motors to avoid producing sparks. These motors must meet National Electric Safety Code (US DOC, 1993) Class 1, Division 2, Group C-D explosion resistance specifications. Many stirrers, Variacs, outlet strips, ovens, heat tape, hot plates and heat guns do not conform to these code requirements.

Avoid using equipment with series-wound motors, since they are likely to produce sparks.

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Do not heat flammable liquids with an open flame. Steam baths, salt and sand baths, oil and wax baths, heating mantles and hot air or nitrogen baths are preferable.

Minimize the production of vapors and the associated risk of ignition by flashback. Vapors from flammable liquids are denser than air and tend to sink to the floor level where they can spread over a large area.

Electrically bond metal containers when transferring flammable liquids from one to another. Bonding can be direct, as a wire attached to both containers, or indirect, as through a common ground system.

When grounding non-metallic containers, contact must be made directly to the liquid, rather than to the container.

In the rare circumstance that static cannot be avoided, proceed slowly to give the charge time to disperse or conduct the procedure in an inert atmosphere.

Flammable AerosolsFlammable liquids in pressurized containers may rupture and aerosolize when exposed to heat, creating a highly flammable vapor cloud. As with flammable liquids, these should be stored in a flammable storage cabinet.

Flammable and Combustible SolidsFlammable solids often encountered in the laboratory include alkali metals, magnesium metal, metallic hydrides, some organometallic compounds, and sulfur. Many flammable solids react with water and cannot be extinguished with conventional dry chemical or carbon dioxide extinguishers.

Ensure Class D extinguishers, e.g., Met-L-X, are available where flammable solids are used or stored.

Sand can usually be used to smother a fire involving flammable solids. Keep a container of sand near the work area.

If a flammable, water-reactive solid is spilled onto skin, brush off as much as possible, then flush with copious amounts of water.

NEVER use a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher for fires involving lithium aluminum hydride (LAH). LAH reacts explosively with carbon dioxide.

Catalyst IgnitionSome hydrogenated catalysts, such as palladium, platinum oxide, and Raney nickel, when recovered from hydrogenation reactions, may become saturated with hydrogen and present a fire or explosion hazard.

Carefully filter the catalyst. Do not allow the filter cake to become dry. Place the funnel containing moist catalyst into a water bath immediately.

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Purge gases, such as nitrogen or argon, may be used so that the catalyst can be filtered and handled in an inert atmosphere.

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Particularly Hazardous SubstancesAs a matter of good practice, and to satisfy regulatory requirement, particularly hazardous substances (PHS) require additional planning and considerations.

A list of particularly hazardous substances is published on the Princeton EH&S website: http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/appa.htm

This list is not exhaustive; consult the material safety data sheet to determine whether a particular chemical may be considered a carcinogen, reproductive hazard or substance with a high acute toxicity.

DefinitionsThe OSHA Laboratory Standard defines particularly hazardous substances as:

Carcinogens – A carcinogen is a substance capable of causing cancer. Carcinogens are chronically toxic substances; that is, they cause damage after repeated or long-duration exposure, and their effects may become evident only after a long latency period.

A chemical is considered a carcinogen, for the purpose of the Laboratory Safety Manual, if it is included in any of the following carcinogen lists:

OSHA-regulated carcinogens as listed in Subpart Z of the OSHA standards. The current list of substances that OSHA regulates as carcinogens or potential carcinogens follows:

asbestos 4-Nitrobiphenyl alpha-Naphthylamine Methyl chloromethyl ether 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) bis-Chloromethyl ether beta-Naphthylamine Benzidine 4-Aminodiphenyl Ethyleneimine beta-Propiolactone 2-Acetylaminofluorene 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene N-Nitrosodimethylamine Vinyl chloride Inorganic arsenic Cadmium Benzene Coke oven emissions 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane

Acrylonitrile Ethylene oxide Formaldehyde Methylenedianiline 1,3-Butadiene Methylene Chloride

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http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/labsafetymanual/appa.htm

Under the category "known to be carcinogens" in the Annual Report of Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) latest edition.

Group 1 ("carcinogenic to humans") of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), latest edition. Chemicals listed in Group 2A or 2B ("reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens") that cause significant tumor incidence in experimental animals under specified conditions are also considered carcinogens under the OSHA Laboratory Standard.

Reproductive Toxins – Reproductive toxins are substances that have adverse effects on various aspects of reproduction, including fertility, gestation, lactation, and general reproductive performance. When a pregnant woman is exposed to a chemical, the fetus may be exposed as well because the placenta is an extremely poor barrier to chemicals. Reproductive toxins can affect both men and women. Male reproductive toxins can in some cases lead to sterility.

Substances with a High Acute Toxicity – High acute toxicity includes any chemical that falls within any of the following OSHA-defined categories:

A chemical with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 mg or less per kg of body weight when administered orally to certain test populations.

A chemical with an LD50 of 200 mg less per kg of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours to certain test populations.

A chemical with a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million (ppm) by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 mg per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered to certain test populations by continuous inhalation for one hour, provided such concentration and/or condition are likely to be encountered by humans when the chemical is used in any reasonably foreseeable manner.

Approval ProcedureLaboratory workers planning to use a particularly hazardous substance must first receive explicit written approval from their Principal Investigator and/or Chemical Hygiene Officer, per the Location Chemical Hygiene Plan. The following steps must be taken:

1. Laboratory workers must complete a Particularly Hazardous Substance Use Approval form, which may be obtained from the SOHS. Information required on the form includes:

Identity, physical characteristics, and health hazards of the substances involved Consideration of exposure controls such as fume hoods, glove boxes and personal protective

equipment Designation of an area (hood, glove box, portion of lab, entire lab) specifically for experimental

procedures with the substances involved Plans for storage and secondary containment Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste Decontamination procedures

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2. The laboratory worker submits the form to the Chemical Hygiene Officer and/or Principal Investigator and receives approval.

3. The area where the PHS will be used is posted as a designated area. Signs for this purpose are available through the SOHS or may be made by the management unit or laboratory worker, as long as it includes the following information:

DANGER DESIGNATED AREA

for select carcinogens, reproductive toxins and high acute toxicity chemicals AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

4. The laboratory worker proceeds with the experiment, following the practices outlined in the Particularly Hazardous Substance Use Approval form, as well as the appropriate work practices included in the remainder of the Safe Work Practices and Procedures section of this manual. All work is conducted within the Designated Area.

5. The laboratory worker decontaminates all equipment and disposes of waste promptly, as outlined in the Particularly Hazardous Substance Use Approval form.

Working Safely with Particularly Hazardous SubstancesThe increased hazard risk associated with Particularly Hazardous Substances (PHS) calls for more strict operating procedures in the laboratory:

Work Habits There should be no eating, drinking, smoking, chewing of gum or tobacco, application of

cosmetics or storage of utensils, food or food containers in laboratory areas where PHS are used or stored.

All personnel should wash their hands and arms immediately after the completion of any procedure in which a PHS has been used and when they leave the laboratory.

Each procedure should be conducted with the minimum amount of the substance, consistent with the requirements of the work.

The laboratory worker should keep records of the amounts of each highly hazardous material used, the dates of use and the names of the users.

Work surfaces, including fume hoods, should be fitted with a removable liner of absorbent plastic-backed paper to help contain spilled materials and to simplify subsequent cleanup and disposal.

Personal Protective Equipment PHS may require more stringent use of personal protective equipment. Check the MSDS for

information on proper gloves, lab clothing and respiratory protection. Proper personal protective equipment must be worn at all times when handling PHS.

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Lab clothing that protects street clothing, such as a fully fastened lab coat or a disposable jumpsuit, should be worn when PHS are being used. Laboratory clothing used while manipulating PHS should not be worn outside the laboratory area.

When methods for decontaminating clothing are unknown or not applicable, disposable protective clothing should be worn. Disposable gloves should be discarded after each use and immediately after overt contact with a PHS.

Ventilation/Isolation Most PHS work should be performed in a fume hood, glove box, or other form of ventilation. If

the chemical may produce vapors, mists or fumes, or if the procedure may cause generation of aerosols, use of a fume hood is required.

A fume hood used for PHS must have an average face velocity of between 95 and 125 feet per minute. This measurement is noted on the hood survey sticker. If the hood has not been inspected within the past year, contact the SOHS for re-inspection before using the hood.

A glove box should be used if protection from atmospheric moisture or oxygen is needed or when a fume hood may not provide adequate protection from exposure to the substance; e.g., a protection factor of 10,000 or more is needed.

Highly toxic gases must be used and stored in a vented gas cabinet connected to a laboratory exhaust system. Gas feed lines operating above atmospheric pressure must use coaxial tubing.

Storage and Transportation Stock quantities of PHS should be stored in a designated storage area or cabinet with limited

access. Additional storage precautions (i.e., a refrigerator, a hood, a flammable liquid storage cabinet) may be required for certain compounds based upon other properties.

Containers must be clearly labeled. Double containment should also be considered. Double containment means that the container

will be placed inside another container that is capable of holding the contents in the event of a leak and provides a protective outer covering in the event of contamination of the primary container.

Containers should be stored on trays or pans made of polyethylene or other chemically resistant material.

Persons transporting PHS from one location to another should use double containment to protect against spills and breakage.

Vacuum Lines and Services Each vacuum service, including water aspirators, should be protected with an absorbent or

liquid trap to prevent entry of any PHS into the system. When using volatile PHS, a separate vacuum pump should be used. The procedure should be

performed inside a fume hood.

Decontamination and Disposal Contaminated materials should either be decontaminated by procedures that decompose the

PHS to produce a safe product or be removed for subsequent disposal.

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All work surfaces must be decontaminated at the end of the procedure or work day, whichever is sooner.

Prior to the start of any laboratory activity involving a PHS, plans for the handling and ultimate disposal of contaminated wastes and surplus amounts of the PHS should be completed. The SOHS can assist in selecting the best methods available for disposal.

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Ethidium Bromide

HazardsEthidium bromide is strongly mutagenic and is irritating to the eyes, skin, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. The health effects of ethidium bromide exposure have not been thoroughly investigated. It is suspected to be carcinogenic and teratogenic because of its mutagenicity, although there is no direct evidence of either effect in humans.

The toxic effects of ethidium bromide may be experienced if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Inhalation of ethidium bromide dust is toxic. It is irritating to the eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Skin contact may cause inflammation and discoloration. Contact may stain the skin purple.

Safe HandlingPreparation of stock solutions and any operations capable of generating ethidium bromide dust or aerosols should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent inhalation.

Gloves should be worn at all times. Latex gloves offer little protection from ethidium bromide -- nitrile gloves are much more effective, although latex gloves are probably sufficient for incidental contact with very solutions and gels that contain very dilute concentrations of ethidium bromide.

When working with high concentrations or for a prolonged period of time, double gloving can further reduce the risk of exposure, especially if the outer glove is replaced whenever significantly contaminated.

Ethidium bromide in concentrations greater than .1% should be used in the confines of a laboratory fume hood. If ethidium bromide is used on a regular basis then there should be a designated area assigned to its use. Equipment that is in contact with ethidium bromide should be relocated to this designated area and labeled as such.

Spills or Personal ExposureAs with any chemical, if spilled on skin or eyes, rinse for 15 minutes using a safety shower or eyewash. If inhaled or swallowed, seek medical attention immediately.

For spills, use a spill pillow or absorbent to soak up aqueous ethidium bromide. Carefully clean up solid ethidium bromide to avoid creating dusts. Dampen powered ethidium bromide with a water spray to minimize dust formation but be careful to avoid blowing the powder with the spray or wetting it so much that it runs off. Place in a sealable container and submit to the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) as hazardous waste. If you believe the clean-up is beyond your ability to clean it up then limit the spill as best you can, cordon off the area, and contact the SOHS, OSU EH&S (who may provide assistance although they are not obligated to), or the Fire Department for clean-up assistance (contact your supervisor before contacting outside agencies).

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DisposalEthidium bromide is commonly used in molecular biology laboratories. While very dilute working solutions of ethidium bromide should not pose a risk to the environment the mutagenic properties of this substance may present a hazard if a more concentrated solution is poured down the drain untreated or placed in the trash.

Based on these considerations, the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) recommends the following disposal procedures for ethidium bromide.

Electrophoresis GelsTrace amounts of ethidium bromide in gels should not pose a hazard. Higher concentrations, e.g., when the color of the gel is dark pink or red, should not be placed in laboratory trash. For gels that are not contaminated with APHIS/ODA regulated plant pathogens or NIH regulated recombinant-DNA, SHEM recommends the following:

Gels with less than 0.1% concentration (by weight) of ethidium bromide can go in the regular trash. The waste should be double bagged and not leaking. The waste should not be thrown in the laboratory trash but should instead be taken directly to the dumpster.

Gels with more than or equal to 0.1% concentration (by weight) of ethidium bromide should be treated as hazardous waste.

Consider substituting with a less hazardous material. There are a number of alternatives being used consistently and successfully at ARS Corvallis. Talk with neighboring research programs to find out what they are using and what their experience has been with it.

Ethidium Bromide Solutions*NOTE: If you are at NCGR or another location that has a SEPTIC system DO NOT pour any aqueous solution of ethidium bromide (or any hazardous chemical) down the drain, regardless of concentration.

For solutions that are not contaminated with APHIS/ODA regulated plant pathogens or NIH regulated recombinant-DNA, SHEM recommends the following:

Aqueous solutions containing <10ug/ml ethidium bromide can be released to the drain along with running water. The solution should be dumped directly into the drain (avoid contacting the sides and floor of the sink).

Aqueous solutions containing >10ug/ml ethidium bromide should be filtered or deactivated using one of the methods described below. SHEM strongly recommends charcoal filtration over chemical deactivation. The aqueous solution can also be treated as hazardous waste if no filtration/deactivation is used.

Solutions containing heavy metals, organics, cyanides, sulfides, or other hazardous components should be disposed as hazardous waste.

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Charcoal FiltrationFiltering the aqueous ethidium bromide waste solutions, free of other contaminants, through a bed of activated charcoal is a relatively simple and effective method for removal of ethidium bromide. The filtrate may be poured down the drain.

There are a large number of products on the market that specifically address the filtration of ethidium bromide from aqueous solutions. Below are two specific examples of kits available for charcoal filtration. Competitors offer many other options in addition to these listed:

The Green Bag Another simple charcoal filtration method is the Green Bag, manufactured by BIO 101. The Green Bag® Kit allows rapid and trouble-free concentration of ethidium bromide from large volumes of solutions into a small "tea" bag containing activated carbon which is then conveniently disposed along with other solid hazardous wastes. One kit has the capacity to remove 500 mg of ethidium bromide from solutions (10mg EtBr/bag).

Place the Green Bag into the ethidium bromide solution.

Allow to sit for the allotted time.

Pour filtrate down the drain.

Dispose of the Green bag in the biohazardous waste box for incineration.

Green Bags are available through BIO101 (www.bio101.com) or through VWR (www.vwr.com - this is a non-catalog item - use #BIO101 22350-200).

Destaining BagsAmresco Destaining Bags are similar to the Green Bag Kits and remove up to 5 mg of ethidium bromide and other biological stains, including Coomassie Blue. Follow the same procedures as for the Green Bag kits.

Chemical NeutralizationSolutions containing ethidium bromide can be deactivated, neutralized and poured down the drain with copious amounts of water. Deactivation may be confirmed using UV light to detect fluorescence. There are three recognized methods for deactivation:

Armour MethodThis is the simplest method, but is somewhat controversial. One study found traces of mutagenic reaction mixtures using this method. (Lunn, G. and E. Sansone, Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 162, pp. 453-458, 1987)

Combine equal amounts of ethidium bromide solution and household bleach.

Stir constantly for four hours or let sit for 2-3 days.

Adjust pH to 4-9 with sodium hydroxide.

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Pour down drain with copious amounts of water.

Lunn and Sansone MethodFor each 100 ml of ethidium bromide solution:

Add 5% hypophosphorus acid.

Add 12 ml of 0.5 M sodium nitrate.

Stir briefly and let stand for 20 hours.

Adjust pH to 4-9 using sodium hydroxide.

Pour down drain with copious amounts of water.

Quillardet and Hoffnung MethodThis method uses 0.5 M potassium permanganate and 2.5 M hydrochloric acid. Since chlorine gas may be released in significant concentration, SHEM does not recommend using this method.

Gloves, Equipment and DebrisGloves, test tubes, paper towels, etc., that are grossly contaminated with high concentrations of ethidium bromide should be treated as hazardous waste. Consider deactivating in bleach before disposal if the items are significantly contaminated.

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Formaldehyde

GeneralFormaldehyde a "high hazard" carcinogen

OSHA has a specific regulation covering formaldehyde use by employees

Use of formaldehyde must be registered and controlled

Formaldehyde, often purchased as formalin, is potentially carcinogenic, but it can be used with little risk to health if used properly

Use RegistrationEach individual in charge of an activity using formaldehyde must register the use with the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS).

MonitoringWhenever an operation uses formaldehyde, in more than very minimal amounts, outside of an approved laboratory fume hood, the user should contact the SOHS to perform required air monitoring to determine if a health hazard from formaldehyde exists

The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for formaldehyde is:

0.75 ppm (part per million) in air averaged over an 8-hour work day (TWA); or

2 PPM for a 15 minute period (short term exposure limit, STEL)

The action level is 0.5 PPM (TWA)

Additional precautions must be taken if formaldehyde levels exceed any of these exposure levels

Users may monitor their own formaldehyde exposure after consulting with EH&S

Results of formaldehyde monitoring must be documented and must include

dates, number, and results of testing methods used in testing and taking air samples description of any type of respirators worn the names and social security numbers of the people exposed

This monitoring documentation must be kept on file for at least 30 years

Departments using the formaldehyde must show the written results of all formaldehyde testing to all affected workers.

Notification must be made within 15 working days after receiving the results

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Notification must include what actions are being taken to bring the formaldehyde level down if the PEL has been exceeded

Everyone who works with formaldehyde has the right to observe the testing procedures

TrainingBefore workers use formaldehyde, they must be given information and training about how to safely use the chemical

Reviewing and understanding this Safety Instruction will meet the minimum formaldehyde training requirement

Additional information about formaldehyde use is available from the SOHS, OSHA, and many other sources

Health Hazards Of FormaldehydeFormaldehyde is

1. potentially carcinogenic 2. harmful if it is inhaled, swallowed, or contacts the skin or eyes

The hazard from exposure to formaldehyde depends on the concentration and physical state:

a solution with a concentration of 37% is much more hazardous to skin or eyes than a solution with 1%

Formaldehyde initially causes irritation, itching, and burning to exposed parts of the body

Odor of formaldehyde can be detected at 0.8 to 1.0 PPM

With time a tolerance is developed irritation and odor of formaldehyde, but not to the harm done

Prolonged or repeated exposure may result in respiratory problems

Irritation and sensitization of the skin and respiratory system can also occur.

Protective Clothing & EquipmentRespirators

Required where laboratory fume hoods or other local exhaust systems cannot be used and the formaldehyde air concentration exceeds the PEL.

Must be approved for the use with formaldehyde and properly fitted.

Respirator cartridges or canisters must be replaced after three hours of use.

For more information, consult the Respiratory Protection Program

Eye and skin protection

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Safety glasses, goggles, face shields, boots, gloves, sleeves, aprons, etc. are necessary if using liquids with 1% formaldehyde concentration or higher

An eyewash immediately available to employees is required in areas in which 0.1% or greater concentration of formaldehyde is used

Protective clothing and equipment that has been contaminated with formaldehyde must be cleaned or laundered before it is used again.

Emergency & First Aid ProceduresIngestion

If formaldehyde is swallowed, give a conscious victim milk, activated charcoal, or water to drink

The victim should be kept warm and resting. Medical attention must be called for immediately

If vomiting occurs, the head of the victim should be kept lower than the hips

Inhalation

If large amounts of formaldehyde are inhaled the affected person should be immediately taken to fresh air.

Medical assistance must be called for immediately.

If breathing stops, give artificial respiration.

The victim should be kept warm and resting.

If exposure causes coughing to continue for more than ten minutes or severe irritation of nose, mouth, and throat occurs, the exposed person should see a doctor.

Skin contact

If skin contact with formaldehyde occurs, remove contaminated clothing and wash skin with soap and water for 15 to 20 minutes.

If chemical burns develop, cover the area with sterile, dry dressings and immediately get further medical attention.

Contaminated clothing should be washed before they are worn again.

Eye splash

If formaldehyde splashes into the eyes, they should be flushed with large amounts of water for 15 to 20 minutes.

If burns develop, apply sterile bandages loosely and get medical attention immediately.

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If continuous irritation occurs from excessive exposure to fumes, promptly check with an ophthalmologist.

Precautions For Safe Use, Handling & StorageFormaldehyde is a moderate fire and explosion hazard and should be kept away from sparks and flames

Formaldehyde is incompatible with nitrogen dioxide, nitromethane, perchloric acid, aniline, and peroxyformic acid.

In general, formaldehyde should not be mixed with strong oxidizing agents, caustics, strong alkalies, isocyanates, anhydrides, oxides, or inorganic acids

Signs and LabelsWarning signs must be posted at entrances to areas where exposure to formaldehyde might reasonably be expected to exceed the PEL (TWA or STEL). Signs should contain the following wording:

DANGERFORMALDEHYDEIRRITANT AND POTENTIAL CANCER HAZARDAUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY

Containers of materials containing more than 0.1 percent formaldehyde should be labeled with:

DANGERFORMALDEHYDEIRRITANT AND POTENTIAL CANCER HAZARD

Spill & Leak ProceduresInitiate a facility evacuation (pull the fire alarm) for all formaldehyde spills of more than one liter.

Small spills should be immediately cleaned up using an appropriate absorbent.

Waste material should be disposed of through the Hazardous Waste Disposal program.

Formaldehyde must not be poured into the sewer system.

Medical SurveillanceA medical surveillance program must be established for those people who work regularly with formaldehyde above the action level or PEL.

Contact the SOHS for specific medical surveillance program procedures.

Additional InformationContact the SOHS for more information regarding safe handling procedures or copies of the state safety regulations on formaldehyde.

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Hydrofluoric Acid

Overview Exposure to hydrofluoric acid (HF) can produce harmful health effects that may not be immediately apparent. Both the liquid and vapor forms are extremely hazardous. HF causes severe, penetrating burns. HF may be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Burns can occur to the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. HF causes bone damage. HF will react with certain metals and generate flammable and potentially explosive hydrogen gas. Those working with HF must have a detailed first aid procedure planned before work begins. Laboratories using HF should have calcium gluconate gel available.

Emergency Procedures In case of skin contact: Remove the victim from the contaminated area and immediately wash the area with copious amounts of water for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, treat the area with 2.5% calcium gluconate gel. Continue to treat the burn while seeking medical attention. Seek medical attention immediately for all burns regardless of how minor they may appear initially.

In case of eye contact: Rinse the eyes with copious amounts of water, keeping the eyelids apart and away from eyeballs during irrigation, for a minimum of 5 minutes and seek medical attention. Do not apply calcium gluconate gel to the eyes.

In case of inhalation: Get medical help immediately. If patient is unconscious, give artificial respiration or use inhalator. Keep patient warm and resting, and send to hospital after first aid is complete.

In case of ingestion: If swallowed, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Give large quantities of water. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately.

Spills: Most spill pads do not work for HF spills. Ensure that you have spill controls materials for HF available in your lab. 3M Chemical Sorbents, Spillfyter Kollect-A-Kem pillows and pads, and Ansul Spill-X Agent for Acids are examples of materials that are appropriate for HF. All are available from Fisher, Lab Safety Supply and other safety supply vendors.

Handling Use chemical splash goggles, face shield, chemical protective lab coat and/or apron and neoprene or PVC gloves when handling HF. Anyone handling HF should have a tube of 2.5% calcium gluconate gel on hand. Calcium gluconate is only used as a topical antidote for hydrofluoric acid exposure and is not to be used as a prophylaxis. HF-specific spill control materials are required for spills. Avoid moisture and contact with metals. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Storage Keep in tightly closed polyethylene containers. HF attacks glass and therefore should never be stored in a glass container. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues.

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Personal Protective Equipment

Hard-hats The OSHA guidelines for head protection are referenced in sections 1910.135 (general industry) and 1926.100 (construction)

Occupational Head ProtectionEach affected employee shall wear protective helmets when working in areas where there is a potential for injury to the head from falling objects. Protective helmets designed to reduce electrical shock hazard shall be worn by each such affected employee when near exposed electrical conductors which could contact the head.

Although the OSHA standards themselves do not identify specific occupations or applications where head protection is required, there are some examples:

Some examples of occupations for which head protection should be routinely considered are: carpenters, electricians, lineman, mechanics and repairers, plumbers and pipe fitters, assemblers, packers, wrappers, sawyers, welders, laborers, freight handlers, timber cutting and logging, stock handlers, and warehouse laborers."

The appendix also provides examples of general applications where head protection should be worn.

Helmets must comply with the performance guidelines in the ANSI Z89.1-1986, American National Standard for Personal Protection—Protective Headwear for Industrial Workers Requirements.

ANSI Z89.1-1986

ANSI Z89.1-1986 separates protective helmets into different types and classes.

The standard identifies Type 1 and Type 2 helmets. Type 1 helmets incorporate a full brim (the brim fully encircles the dome of the hat); Type 2 helmets have no encircling brim, but may include a short bill on the front (similar to a baseball cap).

In terms of electrical performance, ANSI Z89.1-1986 recognizes three classes:

Class A Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and to reduce the danger of contact with exposed low-voltage electrical conductors. For certification, sample shells are proof-tested at 2,200 volts of electrical charge.

Class B Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects and to reduce the danger of contact with exposed high-voltage electrical conductors. Sample shells are proof-tested at 20,000 volts.

Class C Helmets are intended to reduce the force of impact of falling objects, but offer no electrical protection.

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Note: The voltages stated in Classes A and B are not intended to be an indication of the voltage at which the headgear protects the wearer.

In addition to electrical protection, hard hats are also tested for impact and penetration resistance from blows to the top of the head, flammability resistance, and water absorption. The rigorous testing requirements are described in detail within the standard.

Every hard hat conforming to the requirements of ANSI Z89.1-1986 must be appropriately marked to verify its compliance. The following information must be marked inside the hat:

•The manufacturer's name•The legend, "ANSI Z89.1-1986"•The class designation (A, B or C)

ANSI Z89.1-1997

In 1997 ANSI published a revision to its Z89.1 head protection standard. ANSI Z89.1 contains some notable changes.

The revision eliminated the old Type 1 and Type 2 design designations. In the revised standard, "Type" is used to designate whether a helmet provides protection strictly from blows to the top of the head (Type I) or protection from blows to both the top and sides of the head (Type II).

In addition, Z89.1-1997 also changed the alpha designations for the classes of electrical performance. Under Z89.1-1997, the following three classes are recognized:

Class G (General) Helmets--This is equivalent to the old Class A. Class G helmets are proof tested at 2,200 volts.

Class E (Electrical) Helmets--This is equivalent to the old Class B. Class E helmets are proof tested at 20,000 volts.

Class C (Conductive) Helmets--This class provides no electrical insulation; the alpha designation did not change from the old standard.

Hard hats must also contain user information under the 1997 standard. In addition to the manufacturer's name, ANSI legend and class designation, Z89.1-1997 compliant helmets must be marked with the date of manufacture. Instructions pertaining to sizing, care and service life guidelines must also accompany the hard hat.

ANSI Z89.1-2003

ANSI also published a revision to the Z89.1-1997 standard in 2003. The most significant changes from the 1997 version were made to harmonize with other national standards that test and evaluate equipment performance. In addition, many physical requirements for helmet components that do not provide added user value or that limited design or performance had been removed.

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ANSI Z89.1-2009

ANSI published a revision in January of 2009. The significant changes from the 2003 version are three non-mandatory tests and are easy to understand. Each of these tests if elected to be tested by the manufacturer will display three new markings on the helmet.

The three optional test criteria are:

Reverse Donning: Helmets marked with a "reverse donning arrow" can be worn frontward or backward in accordance with the manufacturer's wearing instructions. They pass all testing requirements, whether worn frontward or backward.

Lower Temperature: Helmets marked with a "LT" indicates that the hard hat meets all testing requirements of the standard when preconditioned at a temperature of -30°C (-22°F).

High Visibility: Helmets marked with a "HV" indicates that the hard hat meets all testing requirements of the standard for high visibility colors. This includes tests for chromaticity and luminescence.

OSHA Proposed RevisionsIn May, 2007 OSHA issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to revise the personal protective equipment (PPE) sections of its general industry, shipyard employment and marine terminals standards. The notice addressed eye and face protective devices, head protection and foot protection.

The proposal suggests replacing the existing references to specific consensus standards with performance language requiring PPE to be constructed in accordance with good design standards. Guidance for determining what is a good design standard is included in the proposal. OSHA is also proposing to add nonmandatory appendices that list standards that constitute good design standards.

If OSHA chooses to adopt these proposals, the changes will be noted in the Federal Register.

Service LifeOne common misconception is that hard hats have a predetermined service life - that is not the case. Both the 1986 and 1997 ANSI standards address service life under maintenance and care of the hard hat. All hard hat components should be inspected daily for signs of dents, cracks, penetration and any damage due to impact, rough treatment, or wear. Although it is not considered a "shelf life", some hard hats do have "Useful Service Life Guidelines". These guidelines suggest replacing the suspension every 12 months and the hard hat after 5 years of use. Any hard hat that fails the visual inspection should be removed from service until the problem is corrected.

In addition to everyday wear and tear, ultraviolet (UV) radiation can pose a problem for hats constructed of plastic materials. Damage caused by UV radiation is easy to spot: the hat will lose its glossy finish and eventually take on a chalky appearance. Further degradation could cause the shell to actually start flaking away. Once the effects of UV radiation are detected, the hard hat shell should be immediately replaced.

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Commonly Asked QuestionsQ. Can I put decals on my hard hat?

A. In most instances, yes.

Q. Can hard hats be painted?

A. ANSI Z89.1-2003 Appendix A4 states that caution should be exercised when painting hard hat shells since some paints and thinners may attack and damage the shell and reduce protection levels. The hard hat manufacturer should be consulted before painting.

Q. Can I wear my hard hat backward?

A. Most likely. Check the helmet for the "reverse donning arrow" marking. The current 2009 edition addresses the issues of reverse wearing of hard hats. The standard now provides a non-mandatory test protocol that will allow manufacturers of hard hats to test the helmet and be marked with the "reverse donning arrow". This means the helmet can be worn frontward or backward in accordance with the manufacturer's wearing instructions.

Laboratory Glove Use No glove may be used as protection from all chemicals. A glove may protect against a specific chemical, but it may not protect the wearer from another. If a glove protects the wearer, it will not protect the wearer forever, as the glove material will deteriorate. Therefore, the following must be considered when choosing which gloves to be worn to protect against chemical exposures.

Factors to consider when choosing gloves:

Chemical to be used: Consult the compatibility charts to ensure that the gloves will protect you. Dexterity needed: The thicker the glove, typically the better the chemical protection, as the

glove will be more resistant to physical damage, like tears and cracks, but it will harder be to handle and feel the work.

Extent of the protection required: Determine if a wrist length glove provides adequate protection, or will a glove that extends further up the arm be required.

Type of work to be done: gloves are specific to the task. Ensure the correct glove is chosen to avoid injuries. Examples: A nylon cryogenic glove will be damaged if a hot item is handled, where as a “hot mitt” will not protect the wearer when liquid nitrogen is used, as it may be too porous.

Rules for glove use in the labs:

Wear the correct gloves Wear gloves no longer than 2 hours. Wash hands once gloves have been removed. Disposable gloves must be discarded once removed. Do not save for future use.

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Dispose of gloves into the proper container - gloves contaminated with biologicals go into a red bag; chemical-contaminated gloves are collected as contaminated debris

Reusable gloves must be washed and dried and inspected for tears and holes prior to reuse. Remove gloves before touching personal items (e.g. phones, computers, pens, skin). Do not wear gloves out of the lab.

If gloves are needed to transport anything, wear one glove to handle the transported item. The free hand is then used to touch door knobs, elevator buttons, etc. If you are wearing gloves to “protect your sample from you” and are in the hall, no one else understands this and will be concerned about the items you have contaminated with those gloves.

If for any reason a glove fails, and chemicals come into contact with skin, consider it an exposure and seek medical attention.

Glove Compatibility ChartsAvailable on most manufacturer’s websites site are the glove compatibility or chemical resistance charts for those gloves supplied by those companies. Please use these charts to ensure the gloves being used to handle chemicals are providing adequate protection to the wearer. It is important to note that all chemicals will not be listed on these charts. It is also essential to note that two similar gloves supplied by two separate manufacturers may not provide the same level of protection to a specific chemical. Therefore, it will necessary to consult the manufacturer’s specific compatibility chart for the brand of gloves being used.

Understanding terms used in glove compatibility charts:

Breakthrough time: Time it takes for the chemical to travel through the glove material. This is only recorded at the detectable level on the inside surface of the glove.

Permeation Rate: Time it takes for the chemical to pass through the glove once breakthrough has occurred. This involves the absorption of the chemical into the glove material, migration of the chemical through the material, and then deabsorption once it is inside the glove.

Degradation rating: This is the physical change that will happen to the glove material as it is affected by the chemical. This includes, but is not limited to swelling, shrinking, hardening, cracking, etc. of the glove material.

Compatibility charts rating systems will vary by the manufacturer’s design of their chart. Many use a color code, where red = bad, yellow = not recommended, green = good, or some variation this scheme. A letter code may be used, such as E + excellent, G = Good, P = poor, NR = Not Recommended. Any combination of these schemes may be used, so please understand the chart before making a decision on the glove to be used.

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Safety Programs

Accident Investigation and Reporting

IntroductionThis document outlines USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis’s Accident Investigation and Reporting Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The purpose of this policy is to establish responsibilities and provide instruction for the investigation and reporting of workplace accidents involving ARS employees or third-parties at the Corvallis Location. By following these procedures, the Location can be assured accidents are thoroughly investigated and OSHA is promptly notified when warranted.

The Accident Investigation and Reporting SOP is posted in the Location’s Safety Health and Environmental Management (SHEM) Manual. All Location employees must become familiar with this manual.

PurposeThe Accident Investigation and Reporting SOP is implemented when USDA-ARS-Corvallis personnel (i.e., Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS), Research Leader, Supervisor, etc.) investigate workplace injury/illness and property damage accidents. The SOP assures an accident is thoroughly investigated and OSHA is promptly notified when warranted.

For the purpose of this procedure, an accident is defined as an unplanned event that results in personal injury or property damage. Minor accidents result in injuries with little or no treatment (non-recordable injury- e.g., First-aid only) or property damage less than $100,000.00. Major accidents result in injuries requiring medical treatment or time-away from work (e.g., fracture, amputation, severe laceration, loss of consciousness, death, etc.) or property damage greater than $100,000.00.

Although a Research Unit may designate a supervisor or SHEM Committee member to investigate minor accidents, the Location SOHS will also investigate these types of accidents when applicable and will provide support to supervisors and SHEM Committee members. Research Unit Safety Committee members will be trained to investigate and report accidents. Whoever is assigned to investigate the accident will be referred to as the “investigator” for the remainder of this document.

The investigator responds to accidents involving:

USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees engaged in work-related activities USDA-ARS-Corvallis extensive property damaged (for information regarding personal

property, see REE Manual 221.1M, Personal Property, Motor Vehicle, and Aircraft Management)

The use of USDA-ARS-Corvallis facilities by third parties (i.e., visitors, students)

AuthorityAuthority for programs to investigate and report accidents involving injury to personnel and property damage is provided in various laws, standards and Executive Orders. In some jurisdictions, more stringent State or local standards may govern research activities.

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The following list contains a few of the Federal Authorities that apply to the ARS Accident Investigations:

29 CFR 1960.29 – Accident Investigation 20 CFR, Part 10 - Federal Employees’ Compensation Act 29 CFR Part 1904 - Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Executive Order 12196 – OSH Programs for Federal Employees ARS 230 Manual – Safety Health Environmental Management Program.

Work-Related Accidents ARS personnel conduct accident investigations to:

Prevent or reduce future accidents Identify and eliminate hazards Expose deficiencies in process and/or equipment Reduce costs Maintain worker morale Rules require serious accidents to be investigated.

The accident investigation is a tool used for uncovering hazards that either were missed earlier or have managed to slip out of the controls planned for them. It is useful when done with the aim of discovering every contributing factor to the accident to “foolproof” the condition and/or activity and prevent/reduce future occurrence.

When to respondWork-related accidents generally require an investigator’s on-site presence, and sometimes a 2nd party federal investigator, when they result in:

A fatality or probable fatality Serious injury (e.g., fracture, amputation, severe laceration, loss of consciousness) In-patient hospitalization Acute injury or illness from pesticide exposure Extensive property damage.

Although an accident may not require an investigator’s on-site presence, investigate all accidents regardless of the extent of injury or damage.

How to respondForm CA-10 indicates “What a Federal Employee Should Do When Injured at Work.” The CA-10 is posted on:

Research Unit’s Safety Bulletin Board Location Safety, Health, and Environmental Management Manual Location’s Safety SharePoint site.

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A supplemental handout entitled “What to do if you are Injured” provides further Location specific instructions.

Every job-related injury should be reported as soon as possible to the employee’s supervisor. The supervisor may be assigned to investigate accident or the Research Unit might have an appointed investigator, such as the SOHS.

If the supervisor is not responsible for investigating accidents, then he/she should contact the designated investigator as soon as they become aware of the accident. Upon notification, the investigator determines if an on-site response is needed. If an on-site visit is applicable, the investigator informs notifying party that the accident scene should not be disturbed, except where moving of items is needed for victim extrication or controlling hazards. Supervisors must complete applicable OWCP paperwork if an employee is injured while performing their work duties.

Investigator will need to bring the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). Appropriate PPE will depend on the circumstances of the accident.

After arriving at the scene, the investigator should coordinate with OSU Public Safety if they are present and the accident involves OSU property, equipment, or personnel. Depending on whether or not OSU or public parties were involved, OSU Public Safety may also conduct an investigation. Their investigation could include photographing the scene and interviewing witnesses. The Location Coordinator must give approval for them to do so if the federal property or personnel are involved.

Assess and control any hazards. The investigator should contact and coordinate with the Unit (responsible for the area where the accident occurred) to obtain information and assistance in identifying and controlling hazards. An investigation involving energized equipment posing a hazard (i.e. unguarded or malfunctioning components) requires the equipment to be either unplugged or de-energized and locked-out / tagged-out (hasp and tag are in the kit).

Secure the scene if necessary. If the accident meets the OSHA reporting criteria, then secure the site and assure the scene/equipment is not disturbed. See “Reporting of a Workplace Accident to OSHA” below. For accidents meeting the OSHA reporting criteria, do not release the scene until you are advised to do so (i.e., after OSHA completes their investigation).

Separate the witnesses to prevent discussions. Photograph the accident scene. Sketch the accident scene and take measurements as needed. Collect evidence if necessary.

Notification of an investigators responseGenerally, an accident requiring an on-site investigator response will necessitate contacting the:

Location Coordinator / Research Leader / Location Administrative Officer / SOHS Western Business Service Center (WBSC) Occupational Safety Health and Environmental

Manager

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University Environmental Health and Safety Department – if University equipment, property or personnel are involved.

If an accident meets certain criteria, additional notification may be required (i.e., WBSC Director, Deputy WBSC Director, Safety Health Environmental Management Branch, OSHA-Local Office, OSHA-Headquarters, etc.). See Reporting of a Workplace Accident to OSHA.

Completing applicable documentationAfter the Investigator has responded appropriately to the accident, documentation must be completed.

If an injury occurred during this accident refer to the applicable document to determine what paperwork must be completed. At a minimum the CA-1 should be filled out by any injured federal employees or their supervisor.

If a witness is available, ask them to complete the Witness Statement on Page 1 of the CA-1.

This form serves as a template for both minor (i.e. little or no treatment) and major (i.e. severe laceration requiring medical treatment) accidents. Under certain circumstances, a more extensive report may be required (i.e., Motor Vehicle Accidents); however, the template is a good starting point and will be needed when reporting recordable injuries.

Submit the completed Accident/Incident Investigation Report form to the SOHS.

The Accident Investigation Report will be reviewed to determine if a recordable work-related injury or illness occurred. If applicable, the Location SOHS will complete the OSHA 301 or its equivalence.

Initial investigative reports for serious accidents need to be forwarded to SHEMB within 3 calendar days of the accident. Investigative reports for other less serious accidents are maintained at the Location.

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Reporting of a workplace accident to OSHAIf a work-related accident meets any of the following criteria, the accident must be reported to OSHA:

Non-agricultural Accidents

(Per ARS 230 Manual)

Fatality

Inpatient hospitalization of two or more employees

Property damage in excess of $100,000.00

For additional information, see OSHA 1904 – Recording and Reporting Occupational Injuries & Illnesses.

Agricultural Accidents*

Fatality or probable fatality

Inpatient hospitalization of one or more employees

Acute injury or illness from exposure to pesticides

*Agricultural means farming and ranching, including, but not limited to:

Cultivating and tilling soil Dairy farming Producing, cultivating, growing, and harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity Raising livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, or poultry Preparation for market Delivery to storage or market

Before any of these accidents are reported to local OSHA, the Location SOHS will initiate contact of the following personnel via telephone within 4 hours of the occurrence:

WBSC Occupational Safety Health and Environmental Manager Facilities Division Safety Health Environmental Management Branch WBSC Director

The WBSC will coordinate all actions/information with Location personnel.

The Safety Health Environmental Management Branch will inform the Department who in turn, will notify OSHA headquarters. Causal information will be shared with other locations performing similar operations.

Reporting the accidentWhen reporting an accident, the following information is to be provided:

Establishment name Location, date and time of the accident Number of fatalities or hospitalized employees Type of pesticide exposure(s) – if applicable ARS contact person and telephone number

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A brief description of the accident

Obtaining and Releasing InformationPersonal information obtained from and about the injured individual(s) should include only what is relevant and necessary to accomplish the purpose for which it was collected. Personal information collected may be subject to the Privacy and Freedom of Information Acts. Individual’s health records will be used in a manner that protects the confidentiality of the employee to the extent possible while the information is being used for occupational safety and health purposes.

Posting RequirementsWhen an accident is investigated and it is determined to be a recordable injury, the incident is documented on the OSHA 300 Log. The OSHA 300A Log is updated and posted at each Research Unit annually. In addition to the OSHA 300A Log, the following information is also posted:

Occupational Safety and Health Protection for Employee Poster CA-10 What a Federal Employee Should Do When Injured at Work Safety, Health and Environmental Management Committee Members (ARS-309)

The SOHS is responsible for updating applicable Safety Related Information:

Motor Vehicle AccidentsMotor vehicle accidents must be reported in the same manner as any other accident. A motor vehicle accident is defined as any occurrence involving a Federal Government owned, leased, or rented vehicle, or a privately own vehicle operated on official business which results in death, injury, or property damage regardless of the dollar amount or who was injured in the accident." For employee protection, any injury, even if minor, should be reported to the employee’s supervisor on Form CA-1. This is essential if expenses should be incurred later as a result of infection or some other complication. Reporting of minor incidents also helps in developing preventive measures of occupational accident and illness reduction.

ARS vehicles must be equipped with AD-651, Motor Vehicle Accident Report Kits. For motor vehicle accidents, vehicle operators, their supervisors, and accident investigators (if applicable) must complete Form SF 91-Motor Vehicle Accident Report. Witnesses must complete Form SF 94-Statement of Witness. The Administrative Office will forward applicable forms and information to the Area Property Management Office within three days of the accident.

Reporting Vehicle Accidents (Reference Property Management Quick Guide - http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/property/files/pmoguide2004.pdf

Employees involved in an accident will complete a detailed written report of the accident to the Supervisor within 48 hours of the incident. Each GOV must have an Accident Report Kit inside the vehicle that contains:

Form SF-91, Operator’s Report of Motor Vehicle Accident, Form SF-94, Statement of Witness, and

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http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/property/files/pmoguide2004.pdf

Form CA-1, Employee Report of Traumatic Injury (for use if required).

Employees and supervisors are responsible for thoroughly investigating the incident, completing form SF-91, and forwarding the completed report and form to the APO/PMO.

APOs will prepare form AD-112 documenting damage to the GOV, including:

$ description of damage,

$ cost of replacement if vehicle is destroyed,

$ 2 repair estimates,

$ photographs, and

$ forward completed package to the PMO.

The PMO will use the information to prepare documentation needed for potential claims against the Government. Thoroughly investigating accidents where there is a potential for a Tort Claim at the time of the incident is very important. Trying to gather facts and evidence after the fact may be difficult and may cost the Government.

Preparing ReportsWhether the accident required an on-site visit or not, an investigation is not finished until the Investigator completes an Accident Investigation Report (current copy maintained by the SOHS).

For recordable injuries (other than fatalities), the OSHA 301/Incident Report must be completed within 7 calendar days after information is received that a recordable work-related injury or illness has occurred. The form must be kept on file for 5 years following the year to which it pertains.

Recommendations and Following-upThe investigation report should include corrective actions taken by the Research Unit and recommendation to prevent or reduce similar accident from occurring in the future. The accident report is submitted to the SOHS and shared with the Location’s SHEM Committee for additional recommendations and corrective actions.

THIRD PARTY ACCIDENTS (visitors, students, etc.)

When to respondThird-party accidents on ARS owned or leased property generally require an Investigator’s on-site presence when they result in:

A fatality or probable fatality Serious injury (e.g., fracture, amputation, severe laceration, loss of consciousness) In-patient hospitalization

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A threat of a lawsuit (the best indicators are if the injured party is upset and making demands on USDA-ARS-Corvallis and/or the cause of the injury was related to facility deficiencies)

Extensive USDA-ARS-Corvallis property damage.

How to respondConduct the investigation in the same way as described under “Accident Investigation”.

NOTE: OSHA and Workers’ Compensation personnel do not require notification for Third-Party Investigations. However, you may be asked to provide documentation. Consult with WBSC SHEM before releasing third-party investigation materials.

Notification of an Investigators responseGenerally, a third party accident requiring an Investigator’s response will necessitate contacting the:

Location Coordinator / Research Leader / Location Administrative Officer WBSC Safety Health and Environmental Manager University EH&S – if University space, property or personnel are involved

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Asbestos Management Program

PurposeTo minimize the risk of exposure to asbestos.

DefinitionsAsbestos-Containing Materials (ACM)

Any materials containing more than one percent asbestos. A few common examples of ACM include: pipe and boiler insulation (TSI), sprayed on fire proofing, troweled or acoustical plaster, floor tiles and mastic, linoleum, transite shingles, transite lab bench tops, roofing materials, wall and ceiling plaster, joint compound, ceiling tiles, blackboards, mastics, and gasket materials.

Presumed Asbestos-Containing Materials (PACM)Any surfacing material, TSI, or resilient floor coverings present in buildings constructed prior to 1980 are assumed to contain greater than one percent asbestos unless they have been sampled to negate the presence of asbestos.

Small Operations and Maintenance ActivityAny activity conducted by the Location’s in-house trained asbestos workers that requires the abatement of less than 3 linear feet or 3 square feet of known or assumed asbestos containing materials.

Suspect Asbestos-Containing MaterialsAny material that may contain more than one percent asbestos, but has not been sampled and tested to determine its asbestos content.

Asbestos-Containing Flooring Material (ACFM)This group includes vinyl asbestos tile (VAT), linoleum and/or the mastic that adheres the VAT or linoleum to the sub-floor.

PolicyAll asbestos-containing materials in Location owned buildings and facilities should be managed to minimize the exposure of Location personnel, students, guests, visitors, and contract employees to asbestos. All activities that may impact, disturb or dislodge asbestos fibers are to be conducted and abated in a manner consistent with the procedures below and in compliance with applicable State and Federal asbestos abatement regulations.

ProcedureThe Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (the SOHS) maintains this Asbestos Management Plan which establishes asbestos operations, maintenance, and inspection procedures.

Prior to the start of any renovation and/or demolition project, excluding small operations and maintenance activities, the SOHS must be contacted to coordinate a survey for suspect and known asbestos containing materials in the project area. Any suspect asbestos containing material identified in the project area, that may be impacted or disturbed, must be either sampled and tested to determine

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its asbestos content or assumed to contain asbestos and managed as an asbestos containing material. Small operations and maintenance activities do not need to be coordinated through the SOHS.

Any materials known or identified to be ACM that will be impacted or disturbed as a result of renovation or demolition activity must be properly abated in accordance with Department of Environmental Quality Regulations, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Asbestos Standards. The SOHS will determine the proper abatement methods to be used.

Asbestos abatement projects, excluding small operations and maintenance activities, must be coordinated by the SOHS and supervised and monitored by an Oregon Full-Scale Supervisor. Small operations and maintenance activities do not need to be supervised and monitored unless they are completed in public areas. Examples of public areas include, but are not limited to, offices, classrooms, auditoriums, conference rooms, hallways, bathrooms, living spaces, common building areas and laboratories. Any exceptions to the supervision and monitoring requirement must be determined on a case by case basis by the SOHS.

Any Location employee who may disturb ACM or PACM as part of their job shall receive asbestos awareness training and annual refresher training thereafter.

Location employees who are required to perform asbestos abatement activities must be certified by the State of Oregon as asbestos abatement supervisors or workers. All abatement activities need to be monitored by a State of Oregon asbestos abatement supervisor.

Any Location employee or contractor that identifies any damaged, suspect or known asbestos containing materials shall notify the SOHS immediately upon identification. The SOHS will assess the situation, arrange for the appropriate corrective actions, and notify the regulatory agencies as necessary.

Asbestos consultants that are contracted by the Location to prepare asbestos abatement specifications, conduct facility surveys for ACM, monitor asbestos abatement projects and analyze bulk and air asbestos samples shall be pre-approved by the SOHS.

Asbestos abatement contractors that are contracted by the Location to complete asbestos abatement projects shall be pre-approved by the SOHS.

Any ACFM adhered to a concrete sub-floor will be removed prior to the installation of new flooring materials. Any ACFM adhered to a wood sub-floor will either be removed or a new underlayment will be secured to the wood sub-floor through the VAT or linoleum prior to the installation of new flooring materials.

As a general rule, the cost of required asbestos abatement is to be funded by the management unit that has the maintenance responsibility for the building. The cost of any associated asbestos abatement will be incorporated into the cost of any renovation or remodeling project regardless of its size or funding source.

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Automated External Defribrillator Plan

Introduction:An automated external defibrillator (AED) is used to treat victims who experience sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). It is only to be applied to victims, who are unconscious, not breathing normally and showing no signs of circulation, such as normal breathing, coughing and movement. The AED will analyze the heart rhythm and advise the operator if a shock-able rhythm is detected. If a shock-able rhythm is detected, the AED will charge to the appropriate energy level and advise the operator to deliver a shock.

Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) Responsibilities: Coordinate AED/CPR/First Aid training for a portion (>25%) of the permanent work force on an

annual basis. Serve as the liaison with the medical director on issues related to emergency. Maintain an inventory of all location AED’s. Provide this list to the Corvallis Fire Department

whenever there is a change. Maintain a schedule for replacement of expire-able parts – to include replacement batteries and

pads. Coordinate checks of the AED’s for proper function and equipment. Revise of this policy as required. Monitor the effectiveness of this system.

Medical Control Responsibilities:The medical advisor of the AED program is Dr. William Ferguson, Occupational Health Department of the Corvallis Clinic. The medical advisor of the AED program is responsible for:

Providing medical direction for use of AEDs. Writing a prescription for the AEDs. Reviewing and approving guidelines for emergency procedures related to use of AEDs and CPR. Evaluation of post-event review forms and digital files downloaded from the AED.

Authorized AED Users:All members of the workforce who hold current AHA certifications for CPR and AED are authorized to use the AEDs in an emergency.

Anyone can, at their discretion, provide voluntary assistance to the victims of medical emergencies. The extent to which these individuals respond shall be appropriate to their training and experience. These responders are encouraged to contribute to emergency response only to the extent they are comfortable. The emergency medical response of these individuals may include CPR, AED, or medical First Aid.

Equipment:The AED and first aid emergency care kit will be brought to all medical emergencies. The AED should not be used on any person who is less than 8 years of age and who weighs less than 55 lbs. The victim must

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display ALL the symptoms of cardiac arrest. The AED will be used only after the following symptoms are confirmed:

Victim is unconscious. Victim is not breathing. Victim has no pulse and/or shows no signs of circulation such as normal breathing, coughing, or

movement.

The SOHS will maintain an inventory of all the AED’s which includes their location, expiration dates, and other pertinent information.

Each AED will have one set of adult sized defibrillation electrodes connected to the device. One resuscitation kit will be located in the bag with the AED. This kit contains two pairs of latex gloves, one razor, one set of trauma sheers, and one facemask barrier device.

Medical Response Documentation:It is important to document each use of the medical emergency response system. The “AED Summary Form” is placed in the case with the AED and will be filled out by the responder and forwarded to Dr. William Ferguson within 24 hours of a medical event.

Review of the medical documentation will be accompanied with an internal review of the emergency response to identify if and how the response could have been improved.

Any and all patient information generated during AED use must be collected into the patient’s confidential medical file.

A copy of AED use information shall be presented to the EMS county AED program coordinator within 72 hours of the emergency. At a minimum, the event information supplied shall include any recorded data, and all electronic files captured by the AED.

Equipment Maintenance:All equipment and accessories necessary for support of the medical emergency response shall be maintained in a state of readiness. Specific maintenance requirements include:

The SOHS shall be informed of changes in availability of emergency medical response equipment. If equipment is withdrawn from service, the SOHS shall be informed and then notified when the equipment is returned to service.

The SOHS shall be responsible for coordinating repairs or replacement of malfunctioning equipment. All repair work shall be done through a manufacturer approved vendor.

Following use of emergency response equipment, all equipment shall be cleaned and/or decontaminated as required. If contamination includes body fluids, the equipment shall be disinfected according to manufacturer recommendations.

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System Checks:The AED systems being utilized at this location conduct self-tests daily.

Once each month, the SOHS or their designee shall conduct a system check. The check will include a visual verification that the green “Ready” light is blinking and that the system does not appear damaged or tampered with.

Once a year the SOHS will check the AED and AED case for adequate emergency kit supplies as well as validate the information on the AED inventory.

The SOHS will coordinate replacement of expired supplies as the expiration dates are approached.

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Back Care Program

Introduction Back pain and injuries related to lifting and material handling are some of the most frequent types of injuries, both on and off the job. While some factors that contribute to the potential for injury cannot be controlled, others can be reduced or minimized. Poor physical fitness, obesity, smoking, poor posture, and medical/physical deficiencies are personal factors that may contribute to back pain. Workplace factors may include inadequate workplace design, improper or defective material handling equipment, improper manual or mechanical handling methods, and inadequate training. Investing time in an effective Back Care Program yields improved productivity, morale, and reduces potential lost work time due to injury.

Scope and Application The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) applies the General Duty Clause to workplace conditions likely to cause back injuries. Departments that have jobs or tasks that require frequent handling of packages, objects, or materials are responsible for ensuring that adequate controls and procedures are in place to minimize the possibility of back injuries.

Program Description Back pain may appear suddenly but is often the result of numerous small abuses to the back involving improper sitting or lifting over a long period of time. While no approach has been found for totally eliminating back injuries, a back care program can minimize their occurrence by identifying back injury risk factors and developing means of reducing their impact.

Workplace Layout Several factors should be considered in work station design. The height of the work to be performed should allow workers to sit or stand erect, rather than leaning forward. Leaning forward for long periods may cause fatigue, increasing the likelihood of pain or injury. Long-term standing places excessive stress on the back and legs. Where long-term standing is necessary, a footrest or rail, resilient floor mats, height-adjustable chairs or stools, and opportunities for workers to change positions should be provided. Where workers are seated for long periods, chairs used should be fully adjustable, support the lower back, and be equipped with arm rests.

The height of materials to be lifted should be carefully considered. Lifting that occurs below knee level or above shoulder height is more strenuous than lifting between these limits. Adjusting the height of a shelf or pallet, or providing a warehouse ladder, may be necessary to achieve better lifting conditions.

Mechanical Aids Mechanical aids should be installed where necessary. Pneumatic lifts, conveyors, and automatic material handling equipment are examples of mechanical aids that can be used to reduce the amount of lifting workers may be expected to do.

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Training Individuals who engage in lifting and material handling as a part of their work should receive training, including the following: ·

Performing stretching exercises and warm-ups prior to lifting, Using the right personal protective equipment (e.g. gloves, safety shoes, etc.) Taking time to size up the load (e.g. too large or heavy for one person to lift, is the lift necessary,

etc.) Using proper lifting techniques (e.g. good grasp, object close to the body, back straight, lift with

legs, etc.) Techniques to use for difficult lifting jobs (e.g. oversized loads, lifts over the shoulders or below

the knees, etc.)

Individuals who are expected to perform manual lifting should also be encouraged to maintain their fitness level by regularly exercising and controlling their weight.

Back Belts Back belts have not been proven effective in reducing back pain and back injury. Back belts are not considered personal protective equipment by OSHA and are not specifically covered by existing regulations. The Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) does not recommend the use of back-belts.

Roles and Responsibilities

Supervisors Ensure workers are trained. Ensure workers use proper lifting techniques. Identify operations involving lifting or material handling that may place individuals at risk for

back injuries. Institute appropriate engineering controls to reduce injury potential. Provide worker training in proper material handling methods and techniques. Provide workers with personal protective equipment.

Safety and Occupational Health Specialist Provide assistance in the evaluation of material handling tasks. Perform evaluations of lifting or material handling operations. Provide training when requested.

Individual Attend training. Use proper lifting techniques. Strengthen the back through regular exercise and good physical fitness.

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Chemical Hygiene Plan

Introduction

1) This Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) is intended to:

a) Inform laboratory employees of the potential health and safety hazards present in their workplace.

b) Inform laboratory employees of the precautions and preventive measures that have been established by this organization to protect employees from a workplace illness or injury.

c) Inform laboratory employees of the required safety rules and procedures established by this organization to meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1910.1450, 29 CFR 1910.1200, and State of Oregon OAR 437, Division 2.

d) Serve as a default CHP upon which Chemical Hygiene Officers (CHO) can follow instead of building their own. See the section on “Responsibilities” for information on who is assigned the CHO role for each project group. All requirements and procedures outlined in this document are based on either regulatory requirements or prudent lab practices.i) If the CHO wishes to follow different procedures and requirements the proposed changes

must be submitted in writing (e-mail) to the SOHS.

2) The Corvallis Location CHP will be available for review upon request to all employees. Copies of the most up to date plan will be located in the following location:

a) Central Program Binder (maintained electronically by the SOHS).b) Distributed via email after each annual update.

3) This CHP will be reviewed annually by the SOHS and the members of the three unit safety committees, and updated as necessary.

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Employee Information and Training

1) All employees covered by this CHP will be provided with information and training to ensure that they are apprised of the hazards of chemicals present in their work area. This training will be given at the time of initial assignment and prior to new assignments involving different exposure situations.

2) Training

a) All new employees must be familiar with the written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the laboratory processes they will be engaged in. This training should be documented (e.g., the employee can initial and date the SOP).

b) Additional employee training will include:

i) The methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical. These may include monitoring conducted by the employer, continuous monitoring devices, visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released, etc.

ii) The physical and health hazards of chemicals in the work area.

iii) The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards. Measures should include specific procedures the employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals such as, SOP’s, work practices, emergency procedures, and personal protective equipment to be used.

c) The Project Leader, or the Project Leader’s technical staff upon delegation by the Project Leader, will conduct the training. The training sessions will consist of any combination of hands-on training, written material, videos, formal classroom training, and oral presentation. Any training materials or sessions must be approved by the Project Leader.

d) Refresher training will be given every five years or whenever a new hazard is introduced into the lab environment. Refresher training may be documented by calling or emailing the SOHS, who will make a record of it.

3) Information

a) Employees will be informed of:

i) The contents of 1910.1450 and their appendices. A copy of the standard will be available to employees for review from the CHO by request or at http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10106

ii) The availability and location of the written CHP.

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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10106

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=standards&p_id=10106

iii) The Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) for the substances regulated by OSHA or the Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) established by ACGIH for other hazardous chemicals where there is no applicable OSHA standard. These limits can be found here: http://www.cbs.state.or.us/external/osha/pdf/rules/division_4/div4z.pdf (1) A good document to help in understanding PELs and TLVs and visualizing their

magnitude can be found here: http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/ndwc/articles/ot/fa04/q&a.pdf

iv) Signs and symptoms associated with exposures to hazardous chemicals used in the laboratory.

v) Location and availability of known reference material on the hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals found in the laboratory including, but not limited to, material safety data sheets received from chemical suppliers.

b) Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for the chemicals used and stored in the laboratory will be readily assessable, either electronically or via paper copies. MSDSs for particularly harmful chemicals should be kept in paper format.

Responsibilities:

Implementation of the CHP at the Corvallis Location is a shared responsibility. Location Coordinator, Research Leaders, Project Leaders, Location Safety Committee and Location Occupational Safety and Health Specialist all have roles to play. These roles are outlined generally below.

1) Location Coordinator (LC) is responsible for developing and supporting a broad-based chemical hygiene program that will protect laboratory employees from health effects associated with hazardous chemicals. The LC is responsible for integrating safety into all location activities and for promoting the same attitude among all levels of employment.

2) Mission Unit Research Leader (MURL) have the responsibility to ensure that each of their employees adheres to the CHP. The MURLs provide support and appropriate funding for their SHEM program.

3) Project Leader (PL) (Principal and Co-Principal Investigators) shall ensure applicable parts of the CHP and other safety precautions are incorporated in all research protocols. They monitor procurement of new chemicals and the collection and disposal of chemical wastes; develop and implement chemical labeling program; and review chemical inventories to determine which chemicals are carcinogen, particularly hazardous substances or chemical of special interest.

a) By default the PL is assigned the responsibility of “CHO” for the laboratory areas under their control and supervision. If a laboratory area is shared by several PL’s then the area will be clearly divided and/or a single PL will be assigned, by emailing the SOHS, responsibility for the entire area.

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http://www.nesc.wvu.edu/ndwc/articles/ot/fa04/q&a.pdf

http://www.cbs.state.or.us/external/osha/pdf/rules/division_4/div4z.pdf

b) Is responsible for providing training or for scheduling time for employees to attend designated training sessions, assuring that potential hazards of specific projects have been addressed before work is started, and for promoting a positive attitude among employees toward accident prevention.

c) Is responsible for enforcing safe work practices and identifying and reporting hazardous conditions to the Location’s Occupational Safety and Health Specialist or Research Unit’s Safety Committee Representatives. The PL’s are responsible for implementing the CHP, reviewing the plan annually and updating when necessary. PL’s complete incident reports to recount any accidents, injuries or occupational illnesses that results from ARS employment.

d) Procure and maintain adequate supplies of personal protective equipment (PPE), to include safety glasses, chemical resistant gloves, lab coats, and any other PPE as deemed necessary through a formal hazard assessment of the task at hand. PPE must not be shared by several individuals unless it can be adequately cleaned and sanitized between uses.

4) Employees are responsible for attending scheduled training sessions, following safety guidelines applicable to the procedures being carried out, assuring that required safety precautions are in place before work is started, and reporting encountered hazardous conditions.

5) Research Unit Safety Committee Representatives shall assist the Location’s management by making recommendations regarding methods of addressing safety and health concerns. The Location’s Safety Committee will also assist management in assessing the effectiveness of training and abatement efforts at the Corvallis Location. The Safety Committee will also serve the functions of a “Chemical Hygiene Committee” as described in 29 CFR 1910.1450.

6) Location’s Safety and Occupational Health Specialist shall provide advice to management on issues involving the safety, health and environmental conditions at the Location. Additional responsibilities include:

a) Identifying safety, health, and environmental education/training needs;

b) Providing laboratory safety training, when requested;

c) Distributing information related to safety, health, and environmental education/training;

d) Arranging for the abatement of any identified health hazards;

e) Assisting laboratory technicians in maintaining and managing chemical inventories; and

f) Assisting in obtaining employee medical surveillance services and maintaining required records and documentation.

Standard Operating Procedures

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are written safety and health guidelines required for work with hazardous materials or equipment.

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It is a Federal OSHA requirement that Project Leaders provide employees with SOPs to be followed when work involves the use of hazardous equipment or chemicals. Each CHO should adopt and train their employees on all standard operating procedures which pertain to the chemicals and procedures used in their work area. SOP’s should be written and available to describe the work to be conducted, and the safety measures to be taken by employees. In addition outlining safety measures, well written SOPs have the following benefits:

1) Enhance experiment reproducibility2) Easy method for communicating procedural changes 3) Proper use of equipment and reagents: limits abuse and waste4) Best work practices: improved worker efficiency and waste minimization

The requirement for SOP can be met by any combination of the following:

1) Procedures outlined in technical literature or text books2) Modifications to procedures that are noted in log books3) Equipment or instrument manuals4) Instructions that come with a kit or that are on a product label5) General SOP’s or training materials that contain sufficient information for the worker to accomplish

the task in accordance with the best safe work practices

The SOHS or another inspector will verify that the SOP is being met through worker interview. An employee who is engaged in a hazardous task will be asked the following questions:

1) Have the step-by-step procedures for this task been written down somewhere?2) Show me how you would access these step-by-step instructions (must be readily available).3) Have you made any modifications to these standard procedures, and if so, how do you

communicate this modification and any new health hazards it may create to someone trying to reproduce the procedure?

The adequacy of your SOP’s will be based on the following criteria. This information can be in several different documents. However, each employee in your charge must be familiar with the contents and have access to each document:

1) Description of Experiment/Identification of Procedure - An identification or description of the experiment, activity, or research proposal in which an employee may be exposed to hazardous equipment or chemicals (e.g., "seed cleaning,” or "Phospholipid fatty acid analysis," or “media preparation,” etc.). Typically the activity will be associated with one or more procedures. Often these procedures are written, and may be described in technical journals or textbooks. The intent is to communicate to the employee precisely which part or parts of their duties there may be exposure to a hazardous chemical substance.

2) Identification of Hazard - An identification of each physical hazard and/or each toxicity hazard which may be encountered due to exposure to that hazardous equipment or chemical substance. For example, a procedure calls for use of a distillation process in the purification of benzene. In the distillation process, explosion or fire may be a hazardous condition which may be encountered.

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Explosion or fire is a physical hazard which may be associated with the hazardous chemical. Also, the solvent, itself, may have a toxic principle (a toxicity hazard) which needs to be considered in addition to the possible fire or explosion hazard.

3) Protective Equipment - Note that ventilation controls (i.e. fume hood), personal protective equipment (i.e., goggles, gloves, respirator, etc.), special handling procedures and storage requirements are typically provided in the MSDS for a specific hazardous chemical. However, the MSDS may not adequately communicate protective equipment information. For instance, the MSDS may state "wear impervious rubber gloves." Since there are many kinds of "rubber" gloves, some of which are impervious and some of which are not, supplemental information must be communicated through the use of another source, and the location of this source must be identified (a person, written document, publication, etc.). If information provided by the MSDS is insufficient, more specific information must be provided in a written form in the SOP. As an example, the MSDS for acetaldehyde indicates the use of "rubber gloves," but you determine from the glove manufacturer guide that neoprene gloves are good but latex gloves are poor for handling acetaldehyde, then you must specify in the SOP that neoprene gloves must be used.

4) Waste Disposal - Typically, MSDSs do not provide adequate or appropriate information about disposal of waste. Clear directions for waste management can be obtained from the SOHS. It is important that specific information be provided to employees in laboratories about the proper management of chemical, biological and radioactive wastes, and these should be placed in the SOP.

5) If the chemical is a particularly hazardous substance (i.e., high acute toxicity, reproductive toxin, or select carcinogen), there are additional regulatory requirements for employee protection. These requirements include:

a) Establishment of a "designated area.” A designated area is a space whose boundaries are identified for specific or exclusive use of a particularly hazardous chemical. A designated area can be a fixed piece of equipment such as a fume hood or it may be a small room or enclosure. The designated area must be labeled, and it's labeling must serve two purposes:

b) The designated area must have warning signs which will prohibit access by persons who do not have special information and training which would allow safe handling of the chemical. It is highly recommended that the warning sign contain the name(s) of persons authorized to use the particularly hazardous chemical in question, so that the person(s) may be contacted in the event of an emergency or if questions arise.

c) The boundaries of the designated area must be clearly demarcated (i.e., with colored tape, or by the door to a specific small room or enclosure).

i) Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes. ii) Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste. iii) Decontamination procedures. Decontamination procedures provide specific directions for

decontamination of surfaces of benches, walls, ceilings, surfaces of fixed equipment, and surfaces of portable equipment which may be contaminated by the particularly hazardous substance. They provide information about the use of special protective equipment, such as gloves, face shields, goggles, body and foot coverings which may be necessary to protect the

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person(s) performing decontamination. Further, specific directions are given about handling and disposal of contaminated waste.

d) Special Storage and Handling Procedures. e) Spill Clean-up Procedures

It is a discrepancy if the employee is unable to produce an adequate SOP for the task they are engaged in. The Project Leader will need to obtain a sufficient SOP or draft their own, and then train all employees it pertains to.

EXERCISE CAUTION: Modifications to written procedures, even seemingly benign ones (such as changing total volume of the reaction), have caused uncontrolled reactions in the past. Proceed slowly and with caution.

Standard Laboratory Rules and Procedures

In addition to the specific laboratory standard operating procedures, the following general requirements are mandatory at all times:

1) Routes of emergency egress shall be clearly indicated and unobstructed;

2) All fire extinguishers shall remain functional and accessible;

3) Access to the laboratory shall be restricted to authorized personnel only;

4) Working in the lab alone is prohibited;

5) Safety glasses and a lab apron/coat are mandatory at all times in the laboratory whenever handling chemicals and chemical containers; coworkers in close proximity must also wear safety glasses and a lab coat.

6) Avoid all skin exposures to hazardous chemicals;

7) Other personal protective equipment shall be used as directed by the CHO;

8) Safety instruction signs, warning signs and exit signs shall be utilized and maintained in legible condition;

9) Smoking, food, and beverages are prohibited in the laboratory at all times;

10) Good housekeeping procedures shall be conducted daily;

11) Counter tops and work benches shall be maintained clean, neat and orderly;

12) If an incidental spill occurs, clean it up immediately;

13) Maintain a spill kit that can adequately address incidental spills.

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14) If a significant spill or leak occurs, the premises shall be vacated immediately or the emergency response plan shall be instituted;

15) Material Safety Data Sheets received shall be kept in a centralized binder that accurately reflects the materials currently in stock;

16) No manufacturer's label shall be removed or defaced from the original container;

17) Identifying labels shall be utilized on all successive containers;

18) Breakable containers shall be transported within a compatible, unbreakable, secondary container;

19) Equipment which is damaged or malfunctioning shall not be used, particularly chipped glassware;

20) Electrical equipment shall be maintained in good condition;

21) Compressed gas cylinders shall be secured in an upright position;

22) Pipetting by mouth suction is strictly prohibited;

23) Procedures which are new or unfamiliar shall be referred to the CHO;

24) Carcinogens shall only be utilized only at the direction of the CHO;

25) Continuous inventory records shall be maintained on all chemicals;

26) Chemical stock shall be rotated so that the shelf-life is not exceeded;

27) Incompatible chemicals shall be segregated from each other;

28) Chemical disposal shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations;

29) Flammable liquids shall be stored in a flammable storage cabinet;

30) Laboratory hoods shall be utilized for all substances with an exposure level of 50 parts per million (ppm) or less, or unknown exposure limits or carcinogens;

31) Laboratory hoods shall maintain a capture velocity of 100 linear feet per minute at the face of the hood;

32) Hood usage and incompatible chemicals shall be segregated;

33) Hoods shall not be utilized for storage purposes;

34) The CHO shall determine the adequacy of all lab hoods;

35) All personnel shall wash their hands prior to entering and leaving the laboratory;

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36) Respirators shall be provided, maintained, used, and inspected in accordance with the Respiratory Protection Program;

Note: Section E of Appendix A of 1910.1450 lists additional safety recommendations from the book "Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories," National Academy Press, 1981.

1) Corrosive agents2) Electrically powered laboratory apparatus3) Fires, explosions4) Low temperature procedures5) Pressurized and vacuum operations6) Compressed gases7) Chemical Storage8) Decontamination

The link is here: http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10107

Control Measures to Reduce Employee Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals

1) The following operations must be performed in Laboratory Fume Hoods:a) Any substance with an exposure level of 50 parts per million (ppm) or less.b) Substances with unknown exposure limits or not well studiedc) Carcinogens

2) Biological Safety Cabinets should be used in accordance with the applicable permit.

3) Respirators will be used in accordance with the respiratory protection program developed USDA ARS-Corvallis, and with the COMM/OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard 29 CFR 1910.134.

4) Appropriate personnel protective apparel and equipment compatible with the necessary degree of protection for substances handled will be provided and used in accordance with the COMM/OSHA Personal Protective Equipment Standard 29 CFR 1910. 332. Project Leaders, with the assistance of the SOHS if requested, will advise employees on the proper use of gloves, gowns, eye protection, barrier creams, etc.

5) Employees will be instructed on the location and proper use of eye wash stations and safety showers. Project Leaders, with the assistance of the SOHS if requested, are responsible for this instruction.

6) Employees will be trained initially and annually on the use of fire extinguishers and other fire protection systems. Project Leaders, with the assistance of the SOHS if requested, are responsible for this instruction.

Employee Exposure Determination

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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10107

http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10107

1) ARS will provide consultation on chemical use, evaluate worker exposures, and suggest exposure control methods. If an employee could be exposed routinely above the Permissible Exposure Limit, monitoring will be performed.

2) Project Leaders, with the assistance of the SOHS if requested, will make formal qualitative or quantitative exposure determinations for very hazardous chemicals or chemicals that are used in high amounts

3) If initial quantitative monitoring is required and reveals that an employee is exposed to levels greater than the action level (one-half the Permissible Exposure Limit), a monitoring program will be established. Engineering controls, administrative controls, or personal protective equipment may be recommended to reduce employee exposures.

4) Monitoring may be stopped when exposures are reduced below the action level or as outlined in OSHA expanded standards.

5) Employees will be notified of monitoring results in writing within 15 working days after the CHO receives the monitoring results.

Criteria to Determine and Implement Control Measures

1) Fume Hoods

A fume hood will be used when a proposed chemical procedure exhibits any one of these characteristics to a degree that:

a) Airborne concentrations might approach the action level (or permissible exposure limit).

b) Flammable vapors might approach one tenth of the lower explosion limit.

c) Materials of unknown toxicity are used or generated.

d) The odor produced is annoying to laboratory occupants or adjacent units.

e) Procedures that can generally be carried out safely outside the fume hood include those involving:

i) Water-based solutions of salts, dilute acids, bases, or other reagents.

ii) Very low volatility liquids or solids.

iii) Closed systems that do not allow significant escape to the laboratory environment.

iv) Solids that are not readily aerosolized as dust.

v) Extremely small quantities of otherwise problematic chemicals.

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f) The procedure itself must be evaluated for its potential to increase volatility or produce aerosols.

g) In specialized cases, fume hoods will contain exhaust treatment devices, such as water wash-down for perchloric acid use, or charcoal or HEPA filters for removal of particularly toxic or radioactive materials.

2) Safety Shields

a) Safety shields, such as the sliding sash of a fume hood, will be used working with:

b) Working with highly concentrated acids, bases, oxidizers or reducing agents, all of which have the potential for causing sudden spattering or even explosive release of material.

c) Reactions carried out at non-ambient pressures (vacuum or high pressure).

d) Reactions that are carried out for the first time or are significantly scaled up from normal operating conditions.

3) Other Containment Devices

a) Other containment devices, such as glove boxes or vented gas cabinets, may be required when:

b) It is necessary to provide an inert atmosphere for the chemical procedure taking place.

c) Capture of any chemical emission is desirable.

d) The standard laboratory fume hood does not provide adequate assurance that overexposure to a hazardous chemical will not occur.

e) The presence of biological or radioactive materials may also mandate certain special containment devices.

f) High strength barriers coupled with remote handling devices may be necessary for safe use of extremely shock sensitive or reactive chemicals.

g) Highly localized exhaust ventilation, such as is usually installed over atomic absorption units, may be required for instrumentation that exhausts toxic or irritating materials to the laboratory environment.

h) Ventilated chemical storage cabinets or rooms should be used when the chemicals in storage may generate toxic, flammable or irritating levels of airborne contamination.

4) Personal Protective Equipment

a) Eye protection is required for:

i) All personnel and any visitors whose eyes may be exposed to chemical or physical hazards.

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ii) Goggles or face shields are necessary when working with highly reactive chemicals, concentrated corrosives, or with vacuum or pressurized glassware systems.

iii) Contact lenses are highly discouraged from being worn in the laboratory.

b) Lab coats or other similar clothing protectors are:

i) Strongly encouraged for all laboratory personnel.

ii) Required when working with select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity, strong acids and bases, and any substance on the OSHA PEL list carrying a "skin" notation.

c) Gloves made of appropriate material are required:

i) To protect the hands and arms from thermal burns, cuts, or chemical exposure that may result in absorption through the skin or reaction on the surface of the skin.

ii) When working with particularly hazardous substances where possible transfer from hand to mouth must be avoided.

iii) For work involving pure or concentrated solutions of select carcinogens, reproductive toxins, substances which have a high degree of acute toxicity, strong acids and bases, and any substance on the OSHA PEL list carrying a "skin" notation.

5) Project Leaders shall designate areas, activities, and tasks which require specific types of personal protective equipment as described above.

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Maintenance of Fume Hoods and Other Protective Equipment

Protective equipment must be maintained in working order. If the protective equipment fails to operate, when checked, then request a repair from the Facility Manager. Biological Safety Cabinets must be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and may require a specially licensed/certified vendor to come in and address any maintenance issues.

1) Fume hoods will be inspected every year by the SOHS. The adequacy of face velocity will be determined by anemometer and/or balometer. Reports of hood inspections will be available for employee review by request. Stickers detailing last inspection and maximum safe sash height will be placed on the fume hood itself.

2) Biological Safety Cabinets: Will be inspected and maintained in accordance with the permit. It is the PL’s responsibility to arrange a routine inspection of the Biological Safety Cabinets with an outside vendor.

3) Safety showers: The CHO will assign a technician to flush safety showers once a month. Flushes must be documented on the attached tag.

4) Eyewash Stations: The CHO will assign a technician to flush eyewash stations once a week. Flushes must be documented on the attached tag. Consistency and frequency of flushes will be checked annually by the SOHS.

5) Storage cabinets and spill kits: Will be inspected annually by the SOHS.

6) PPE: Must be inspected before each use by the employee. Will be inspected annually by the SOHS.

Chemical Labeling, Procurement, Distribution, and Storage

1) Labeling:

a) Unlabeled containers are strictly prohibited. Generic and vague labels are prohibited for all but the most commonly known chemicals (bleach, ethanol, etc.). Examples of vague labels I’ve seen around are:i) “Tissue Preservative Stock”ii) “Seed Coat”iii) “Solvent”

b) All chemical and sample containers must be labeled with enough information to determine whose it is, what it is, and what the immediate hazards are (for anyone handling it). This applies to all containers whether the contents are hazardous or not (without proper labeling there is no way to tell).

Exception: Less stringent labeling is allowable if all of the following conditions are met(1) The container must be temporary use only and cannot be stored for more than a week.(2) Someone in addition to yourself must know what the contents of the containers are.(3) The containers are stored in an area that is exclusively used by your research group.

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c) All containers must have the following information:i) The initials or last name of the Project Leader or the name of the research project. ii) The initials of whoever ordered it or whoever created/mixed/gathered its contents.iii) The date of when it was opened. Estimate for older chemicals if needed.

d) Any containers that don’t have a manufacturer’s label (e.g. sample containers, buffer solutions, mixtures) must have the following additional information:i) The common name identifying what it is and its contents. The less well-known Examples:

(1) “Tris Buffer 8.0 pH”(2) “1 part bleach 9 parts water”, “10% bleach”, “1:10 bleach”, “100 mL bleach”.(3) “15% nitric acid, <1% phenol, in water”

e) The formulation of complex chemical mixtures that are not found in general literature must be kept in a centralized and well marked binder if you wish to label the container with your shorthand name for the mixture (i.e. “seed scarifying solution”).

f) The primary hazards of the chemical. To meet this requirement you have a choice of the following systems:i) Signal words to include “Non-Hazardous”, “Corrosive”, “Toxic”, “Flammable”, “Reacts with

Water”, “Oxidizer”, “Alkaline”, “Plant Pathogen”, etc.ii) Color coding, using stickers or markers, in accordance with the NFPA color codes (i.e. red for

“flammables,” blue for “toxins”, and yellow for “reactives.” If “reactive,” it should be specified what the material reacts with.

iii) Filling out and placing a NFPA diamond sticker to the container.iv) Making a copy of the manufacturer’s label and placing it on the container.

2) Inventory:

a) A thorough inventory of laboratory chemicals must be performed and maintained for each laboratory. Chemical inventories should be updated when new chemicals are procured, and when chemical stocks are consumed or old containers of chemicals are removed from the laboratory. Inventory control is an essential aspect of a proper, workable chemical management system in the laboratory. Chemical inventories need to be submitted to the Administrative Support Office by the last Friday of January of each year. The chemical inventory will then be forwarded to the Corvallis Fire Department.

b) It is important for the Project Leader to exert control over access, storage, and use of hazardous chemicals in the laboratory environment. This is because hazardous chemical exposures to employees and hazardous waste management problems present a direct liability to those in charge of the laboratory environment.

c) Inventory control has a number of advantages, some of which include:

i) The ability to determine if MSDSs and other hazard information is available for each hazardous chemical used in the lab

ii) The ability to determine if chemical substances are present which require special controls or surveillance (e.g., if ethers are stored, they should be disposed of on a regular basis)

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iii) The ability to determine which chemicals are necessary to laboratory operation and which are not, reducing inventories of unneeded chemicals

iv) The ability to control theft and abuse of laboratory chemicals

d) A storage system established, including periodic inspection of stored chemical substances. This allows:

i) A determination of storage space needs for specific kinds of chemicals (e.g., flammable solvents) to be ascertained and used in planning

ii) A means of managing incompatible chemical substances to be established

iii) A means of monitoring of highly hazardous substances and/or controlled substances to be established

e) A waste management system established, including records of chemical spills/releases and records of disposal practices. This allows:

i) Protection of employees and Project Leaders against liabilities associated with waste management regulations

ii) Responsible protection of the waste handling personnel and the environment.

f) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Chemical Inventory :

i) On November 20, 2007 the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) issued regulations as part of its anti-terrorism mission to identify, assess, and ensure effective security in facilities where any of over 300 chemicals of interest (COI) are used, stored, or distributed.

ii) ARS-Corvallis employees that work with chemicals are responsible for verifying their chemical inventories have been checked for DHS chemicals of interest. The COI include pure reagents, their mixtures and solutions, commercial products, and agricultural chemicals; these must be reported.

(1) Report that they do not have chemicals of interest; or(2) Report the quantity of COI in their inventory. Updates are required within 30 days of

changes in quantities of COI (e.g., acquired, used or disposed of, etc.).

3) Procurement:

a) No container shall be accepted without an adequate identifying label (identity of chemical, hazard warnings, manufacturer's name and address).

b) It is strongly recommended that a person or persons be designated as responsible for acceptance or rejection of hazardous chemical substances brought into the laboratory. This designated person ensures that the chemical container is properly labeled, and does not permit the substance to be brought into the laboratory if improperly labeled.

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c) No container of hazardous chemical waste may be transported into a laboratory from any other laboratory or room on- or off-campus. The person(s) responsible for acceptance or rejection of hazardous chemical substances must not permit any container of hazardous chemical waste to enter the laboratory.

d) All chemicals in which peroxides form should be stored, handled, and utilized according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The expiration date should be clearly marked on the container prior to first opening. Chemicals that form peroxides on aging should only be purchased in quantities that can be used within the shelf life, and not kept beyond that shelf life.

4) Distribution:

a) When chemicals are hand carried, the container should be placed in an outside container or acid-carrying bucket to protect against breakage and spillage (a secondary container). Freight-only elevators should be used, wherever possible and another individual should help open doors for you.

5) Laboratory Storage:

a) It is strongly recommended that persons designated as responsible for accepting hazardous chemicals into the laboratory are also designated as responsible to ensure proper storage of hazardous chemicals. This responsibility is both for initial and for ongoing chemical storage.

b) Hazardous chemicals should be segregated in a well-identified area and whenever practical, chemicals should be stored in vented cabinets. Chemical storage on bench tops is inadvisable.

c) Highly hazardous chemicals should be stored in secondary containers that are chemical-resistant and unbreakable.

d) Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least semi-annually) for deterioration and container integrity. Deteriorated containers should be replaced to prevent uncontrolled chemical releases/spills.

e) The amount of chemicals permitted for storage should be as small as practical.

f) Exposure of chemicals to heat or direct sunlight should be avoided.

g) Less-toxic chemicals should be substituted for highly toxic chemicals wherever possible.

h) Fume hoods are not intended for the storage of chemicals. Newer fume hoods with two-speed fans are designed to provide adequate air velocity for storage of small amounts of chemicals. Chemicals stored in fume hoods should be kept to a minimum and should not block baffle exhaust slots or alter airflow patterns. Fume hoods used to store these small amounts of chemicals should be operated 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

i) Fume hood sash should be closed when not in use.

j) Flammable liquids should be stored in ventilated flammable storage cabinets.

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k) Containers of hazardous chemicals or hazardous chemical wastes should not be stored on floors, especially in areas in which traffic may result in breakage or spillage of the container.

l) We have adopted and enforce the additional guidelines as published by the Safety Division for Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/chsp/html/storage.shtml

Prior Approval for Specific Laboratory Operations

Certain laboratory procedures that present a serious chemical hazard require written Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). The CHO must review and approve the SOP before work can begin. For this facility these procedures include:

1) Work with select carcinogens

2) Work with reproductive hazards

3) Work with neurotoxins

4) Work with unknown chemicals

5) Work using new procedures

6) Work with excessively large quantities of hazardous chemicals

Medical Consultation and Examination

See P&P regarding Occupational Medical Surveillance Program.

Additional Protection for Work with Select Carcinogens, Reproductive Toxins, and Chemicals with High Acute Toxicity

1) When any select carcinogens, reproductive toxins and chemicals with high acute toxicity are used, the following provisions will be employed where appropriate:

a) Establishment of a designated area.

b) Use of containment devices such as fume hoods or glove boxes.

c) Procedures for safe removal of contaminated waste.

d) Decontamination procedures.

2) Note: According to the standard, a "select carcinogen" means any substance which meets one of the following criteria:

a) The substance is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.

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http://www.lbl.gov/ehs/chsp/html/storage.shtml

b) The substance is listed under the category, "known to be carcinogens," in the Annual Report on Carcinogens, published by the National Toxicology Program (NTP - latest edition).

c) The substance is listed under Group I ("carcinogenic to humans") by the International Agency for Research on Cancer Monographs (IARC-latest edition).

d) The substance is listed in either Group 2A or 2B by IARC, or under the category, "reasonably anticipated to be carcinogens" by NTP].

Recordkeeping

The CHO shall be responsible for maintaining all relevant records in accordance with the following:

1) Training records shall be maintained for 5 years from the date of the training. Training records are maintained in a centralized binder within the immediate work area.

2) Monitoring records shall be maintained for 30 years from the monitoring date. Exposure monitoring records are maintained by the CHO; and

3) Medical surveillance records shall be maintained for the duration of employment plus 30 years. Medical records are maintained by the CHO

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Confined Space Program

IntroductionThe purpose of this program is to inform interested persons, including employees, that USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis is complying with the OSHA Confined Space Standard, Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations 1910.146. We have determined that this workplace needs written procedures for the evaluation of confined spaces, and where permit-required spaces are identified, we have developed and implemented a permit-required confined space entry program. This program applies to all work operations at USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis where employees must enter a permit-required confined space as part of their job duties.

The Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) is the person having overall responsibility for the Permit-Required Confined Space Program. The SOHS will review and update the program, as necessary.

Copies of the written program may be obtained from the SOHS

Under this program, we identify permit-required spaces in USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis, and provide training for our employees according to their responsibilities in the permit space. These employees receive instructions for safe entry into our specific type of confined spaces, including testing and monitoring, appropriate personal protective equipment, rescue procedures, and attendant responsibilities.

This program is designed to ensure that safe work practices are utilized during all activities regarding the permit space to prevent personal injuries and illnesses that could occur.

If, after reading this program, you find that improvements can be made, please contact the SOHS. We encourage all suggestions because we are committed to creating a safe workplace for all our employees and a safe and effective permit-required confined space entry program is an important component of our overall safety plan. We strive for clear understanding, safe work practices, and involvement in the program from every level of the organization.

Hazard Evaluation for Permit SpacesTo determine if there are permit-required confined spaces in USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis, the SOHS, with assistance from the Facility Manager, has conducted a hazard evaluation of our workplace. This evaluation has provided us with the information necessary to identify the existence and location of permit-required confined spaces in our workplace that must be covered by the Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Program. This written hazard evaluation is kept in Appendix A of this document.

Preventing Unauthorized EntryTo provide a safe work environment and to prevent exposed employees from accidentally entering a permit space, we have implemented the following procedures to inform all employees of the existence, location, and danger posed by permit spaces in USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis. To inform employees of

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the existence of a permit space, we use industry standard warning signs. To ensure that unauthorized employees do not enter and work in permit spaces, we have sealed and locked or otherwise restricted general public access to the permitted space.

Safe Permit Space Entry ProceduresHazards will be eliminated by Lock Out / Tag Out (LO/TO) before entry is allowed. If hazards cannot be controlled via LO/TO then the confined space cannot be entered by USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees.

This Location does not maintain the equipment or training necessary to enter a permit required confined space. As a result, USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees are prohibited from entry into a permit required confined space. USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees may still enter non-permit required confined spaces and will be trained appropriately.

Training ProgramEvery employee at USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis who faces the risk of confined space entry is provided with training so that each designated employee acquires the understanding, knowledge and skills necessary for the safe performance of the duties assigned to them. The SOHS conducts our confined space training. All training related materials, documents, and signed certificates are kept in electronic format on the SOHS's computer.

Inventory of Confined Spaces

Fire Vault outside of HCRU

Description: In the front of the HCRU building is a fire vault. This fire vault was mandated by Corvallis City who, at the time, also mandated that it was below grade. The fire pit at Forage Seed and NCGR is above grade and not in a confined space. The vault is about 8 feet deep and about 75 sqft.

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Hazards: The vault is leaking (ground water intrusion) because it is below grade. The water is excessive enough that during the winter two sump pumps are required to keep the vault from overflowing - even so it is unable to fully control the water. Once the water reaches the tamper valve the fire alarm engages which has been a source of false alarms in the past. There is electrical conduit and high pressure water lines (main that feeds the entire complex) which are energy sources that cannot be feasibly locked out.

Classification: Due to the hazards involved this fire vault is classified as a Permit-Required Confined Space. USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees are prohibited from entering it.

Controls: The walls are lined with concrete so there is no engulfment hazard. There is a sign on it saying “permit required” and the area is covered and locked. There is a fixed ladder leading down to the floor of the vault.

The location has a contract with Carter’s Fire Sprinklers to handle entry for an annual inspection. Part of the contract is the requirement air monitoring prior to entry and tripod/harness assembly for entry.

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Condensate Pit HCRU

Description: The pit is located in the steam boiler room of the old HCRU section. It descends 3 feet and is wedged between the steam boiler and the wall and has a metal cover (pictured).

.

Hazards: There is hot pipes and electrical conduit (insulated wire) running around and into it. The steam is under some pressure and even when the boiler is de-energized the temperature reduces from over 200 to 180 in a day time.

Classification: This pit does not meet the requirement for “confined space” because there is no physical way to enter it above waist line.

Controls: Controls for the condensate pit are best addressed in another program.

Elevator Pits at HCRU and NFSPRC

Description: There is about a 5 foot deep pit between the first floor of HCRU and NFSPRC. The elevator put is large enough to enter. Joe and Tom need to enter the elevator pit around once a year because someone dropped something down into it through the crack at the threshold.

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Hazards: The system can be locked out electrically but there is still high pressure hydraulic fluid holding up the elevator. A failure to maintain hydraulic fluid pressure may cause the elevator to lower. Half elevator accidents due to maintenance are caused by a failure to adequately de-energize the elevator. This is best addressed by our lock-out/tag-out program. Falls account for nearly another half and there is definitely a fall hazard when the doors are open to the pit which is best addressed in a fall protection program.

Classification: OSHA has issued a letter of interpretation (1994) stating that most elevator pits meet the requirement of a confined space. If it is not locked out it is a Permit-required confined space. If it is locked out then it can be classified as a non-permit confined space. We will adopt this interpretation.

Controls: The electrical power for the elevator can be easily locked out. USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees are prohibited from entering the elevator without first locking it out. At that point the elevator is held up by hydraulic fluid. A catastrophic release of hydraulic fluid would cause the elevator to descend so quickly that the emergency brakes would stop it – though there would be the hazard of high pressure liquid. A slow release hydraulic of hydraulic fluid would be slow enough that an entrant will be able to lie down and be protected under the elevator stops until help arrives. Service (other than retrieving dropped items is provided by a licensed maintainer (contracted with the State of Oregon) – as required by Oregon state law.

Acid Neutralization Pits at HCRU and NFSPRC

Description: The pit accepts two inlet drain pipes that carry waste from the labs and one outlet pipe that goes to city sewer. The pits, which were required by the city of Corvallis, typically contain limestone to neutralize and effluent before discharge into the city’s system. However, the city did not

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require any limestone and due to clogging issues has been omitted from the pit for decades. The pit more or less acts as a sedimentation tank, which needs to be vacuumed out @ once every 10 months.

.

Hazards: The pit contains effluent from the labs and may contain toxic chemicals. There may be some small exposure to toxic/corrosive vapors if such a chemical was recently poured down the sink while the cover is being lifted. The pit acts as a settling tank and therefore the solid cake at the bottom of the tank may also be somewhat toxic. The access to the pit is next to a gas line.

Classification: This pit may not meet the requirement for “confined space” because there is no physical way to enter it above waist line. However, due to the chemical hazards present in the effluent access to it is restricted as if it was a permit controlled confined space.

Controls: The walls are lined with concrete so there is no engulfment hazard. There is a sign on it saying “permit required” and the cover is very difficult to remove. USDA-ARS-Corvallis employees are only in charge of removing the cover. A contractor is hired to pump the sludge out. Both activities do not involve entry but do involve work around the pit and its associated hazards.

Note: Due to the way the facility is designed there are no potential confined spaces identified at NCGR.

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Drug and Alcohol StatementThe USDA has made a commitment to a drug and alcohol free work place. The Agency’s Drug-Free Workplace Policy is here: http://www.dm.usda.gov/shmd/dfwp.htm. The USDA-ARS-Corvallis in Corvallis fully adopts and enforces this Agency policy.

Supervisors who become aware of an employee’s intoxication or misconduct resulting from the use of alcohol or drugs reserve the full right to discipline employees in accordance with P&P 461.5 Misconduct, Discipline, and Adverse Action: http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/ppweb/PDF/461-05.pdf

An excerpt from this policy is as follows:

“It is ARS policy to offer rehabilitative assistance to those employees whose use of alcohol or drugs or other personal problems interfere with their conduct. Guidelines for this program are contained in DIRECTIVE 235.4. Supervisors who become aware of misconduct resulting from the use of alcohol, drugs, or other personal problems, must consult with the EAP Coordinator, in addition to their responsibility for reporting the misconduct under Section I above.

An employee will be held accountable for misconduct resulting from use of alcohol or drugs; however, willingness to participate in a rehabilitation program will be considered in determining appropriate action. If the employee refuses to accept ARS' offer of rehabilitative assistance and/or there is inadequate or no improvement in conduct, disciplinary actions should be initiated as warranted. Such actions will be based solely on the grounds of the misconduct.”

Federal employees who are in need of rehabilitative assistance should be referred to the USDA REE Employee Assistance Program. Information about this program can be found here: http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/worklife/EAP_Overview.htm

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http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/hrd/worklife/EAP_Overview.htm

http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/ppweb/PDF/461-05.pdf

http://www.dm.usda.gov/shmd/dfwp.htm

Environmental Management System

ScopeThis document supersedes the following previous plans and programs, which have all been incorporated into this location’s Environmental Management System.

Sustainability Program Pollution Prevention Plan Energy and Waste Management Plan

General RequirementsARS Corvallis has established and will maintain an Environmental Management System. ARS Corvallis EMS provides for continuous improvement of its environmental performance using a plan, do, check, and act model. The EMS documents organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining environmental programs at the Corvallis Location.

Environmental Management System PolicyARS Corvallis maintains and has posted a Safety, Health, and Environmental Management (SHEM) policy that incorporate EMS elements. This document has been signed by the Location Coordinator and is reviewed annually.

Environmental Aspects / Impacts Registry

ARS CORVALLIS’ ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS:The Location’s environmental aspects are its activities/services, products or facilities that interact with the environment. ARS is committed to identifying and reasonably minimizing negative impacts to the environmental from its environmental aspects. The activities and facilities that impact the environment in this Environmental Management System (EMS) are those in which ARS can reasonably control and over which it can be expected to influence.

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The identification of ARS environmental aspects (activities, products, facilities and pollution control devices) and their impact on the environment is an ongoing process. This process includes the identification of new or remodeled facilities and changing ARS activities and their impacts on the environment.

ARS Corvallis’ Environmental Impacts: Environmental impacts are direct, indirect or potential changes to the environment from ARS activities, products, facilities or pollution control devices. These environmental impacts can be either positive or negative.

The identification of environmental impacts is an ongoing process. This process includes the identification of new or remodeled facilities, or changing ARS activities.

ARS Environmental Aspect / Environmental Impact Registry:The ARS Environmental Aspect / Environmental Impact Registry is a summary of the positive and negative impacts ARS environmental aspects (activities, products, facilities and pollution control devices) have or may have on the environment. It allows ARS to compare which facilities or activities have or may have the most negative or most positive environmental impacts. The worksheets are the foundation for ARS to set priorities for EMS objectives and targets and the allocation of limited resources to prevent pollution, comply with regulations, reduce environmental impacts, and promote sustainability.

Legal and Other Requirements This is ARS Corvallis’ established and maintained procedure to identify, provide access to, and evaluate environmental laws, regulations, and internal organizational requirements applicable to the Environmental Management System.

Compliance with the legal requirements is important to USDA ARS. The Location is dedicated to the identification and communication of applicable environmental laws, regulations, and other requirements. New or revised legal requirements shall be communicated to Location personnel. Several resources are available for information about environmental laws or regulations. The Location’s SHEM Specialist continuously uses these resources to monitor changes and new relevant environmental laws and regulations.

To accomplish this task the SHEM Specialist maintains applicable bookmarks to the websites of relevant regulating/advising organizations. Other sources of information include teleconferences, e-mail bulletins, and periodicals.

Objectives, Goals and TargetsObjectives are environmental goals that the Location will set annually. Where practicable these objectives will be measurable.

Environmental targets are detailed tasks that need to be accomplished in order to achieve environmental objectives/goals.

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The environmental objectives and targets shall be consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitments to continual improvement, pollution prevention, and compliance to environmental laws and regulations. When establishing and reviewing its environmental objectives and targets, ARS Corvallis shall consider:

Environmental concerns of ARS personnel and other interested parties Significant environmental aspects and their environmental impacts, and Technological, financial, operational, legal and other ARS requirements.

Environmental objectives and targets are initiated by evaluating the environmental aspects and environmental impact worksheets. Environmental objectives and targets are then recorded on the OSH Report.

The ARS SHEM Committee will establish and maintain a program to achieve its environmental objectives and targets.

ARS Corvallis’ Environmental Management ProgramsThe Corvallis Location is maintaining the environmental management program through employee participation in the SHEM Committee.

The Location SHEM Committee will work with Research Units to achieve EMS environmental objectives and targets. Roles and responsibilities can change at each relevant activity for environmental programs over time.

The Location’s SHEM Specialist inspects Units, performs sampling, develops policies, provides safety consultations, investigates complaints and accidents, reviews safety plans, responds to chemical spills, and provides evaluations and monitoring services.

Implementation and Operations

D.3 Communication D.4 Document

D.5 Operational

Control

D.6 Emergency Preparedness and

Response

D.1 Structure and Responsibility

D.2 Training Awareness and

Competence

D.

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Structure and Responsibility Membership in the Location’s SHEM Committee is a collateral duty assignment and is not grade controlling or a primary duty. Roles and responsibilities include:

Developing, implementing, coordinating, and overseeing the environmental management program by ensuring the Location protects human health and environmental needs and meets or exceeds Federal, state, local laws, regulations, codes, guidelines, and ARS policy. Implementing a sustainable pollution prevention program that will reduce the generation of waste and conserve resources.

Conducting environmental management inspections. Identifying potential environmental issues relating to policy, planning, purchasing, and operating decisions. Measuring the effectiveness of existing programs. Preparing reports of findings and recommending solutions to location management. Following up to ensure appropriate action has been taken.

Organizing, participating, and/or chairing the Location’s SHEM Committee. Preparing committee meeting minutes and reporting findings and recommendations.

Developing, arranging, and/or conducting environmental related training for SHEM Committee members and awareness orientation for employees.

Identifying and prioritize annual environmental management goals and objectives to include budget requirements in conjunction with the budget officer or Research Leader.

Communicating and reporting environmental related matters both internally (management officials) and externally (regulatory agencies, public, etc.). Collecting data and assist in the preparation of Location reports.

The Location provides resources essential to the implementation and control of the environmental management system. Resources include human resources and specialized skills, technology, and financial resources.

The Corvallis Location has appointed the SHEM Specialist as the Location’s EMS Coordinator. The EMS Coordinator is responsible for:

Ensuring EMS requirements are reasonably documented, implemented, maintained and communicated;

Reporting on the performance of the EMS to Location Coordinator and Area Office; Working with others to continuously improve the EMS.

Training, Awareness and Competence ARS Corvallis will identify training needs for all personnel whose work may create a significant impact upon the environment and to ensure that those training needs have been met.

Training will be required based on the relevant environmental responsibilities to ensure that an appropriate knowledge base is established to perform tasks in an efficient and competent manner.

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Additional training will be required to maintain current knowledge for changing requirements and conditions.

Awareness - ARS employees need to be aware of:

The importance of following environmental policies, procedures, and requirements of the EMS.

The significant environmental impacts, actual or potential environmental impacts of their work activities and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance.

Their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformance with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system, including emergency preparedness and response requirements.

The potential consequences of not following specified operating procedures.

All Location employees must complete the USDA AgLearn Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Training Course: Awareness (see http://www.aglearn.usda.gov/ ).

Competence - Personnel performing tasks that can cause significant environmental impacts shall be competent on the basis of appropriate education, training and/or experience.

Research Leaders will ensure that the training needs of their employees are identified. Research Leaders will provide the necessary resources and planning to meet those needs and ensure that competence is achieved.

Triggers for employee training may include, but are not limited to:

Changes in equipment Regulatory requirements Changes in job descriptions Changes in procedures New employee Accidents Feedback from audits or reviews

The Location Coordinator, SHEM Committee and Research Leaders will review and revise the training program as needed, to ensure that the training needs of ARS employees are accurately identified, effectively met and that competency is achieved and maintained.

Documentation and tracking of training records for each employee will be organized and maintained by Research Unit’s and SHEM Specialist.

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http://www.aglearn.usda.gov/

Communication ARS Corvallis will establish and maintain procedures for EMS internal and external communication. The Location establishes procedures for internal and external communication on environmental activities to:

Demonstrate ARS commitment to complying with environmental regulations and to implement pollution prevention measures.

Raise awareness of ARS environmental policies, objectives and targets, and pollution prevention, EMS, and sustainability programs.

Inform internal and external stakeholders about ARS Environmental Management System.

Internal CommunicationInternal communication occurs between the several levels and functions of ARS. Location’s SHEM Committee is responsible for communicating environmental policies, roles and responsibilities, and procedures to Location employees. Research Leaders are responsible for communicating environmental objectives, targets, and performance to employees within each research area, as well as training ARS employees.

External Communication The Location will document receiving, initiating, and responding to individuals, groups, companies or government agencies regarding EMS. Only the AO or RL is permitted to deal with communications (e.g., local community concerns, FOIA requests, regulatory agency requests, etc.) (e.g., local community concerns, FOIA requests, regulatory agency requests, etc.) with external parties.

ARS uses a variety of mechanisms for external communication:

Teleconferences Newsletter and Articles Regulatory Reports Outreach activities and services Agricultural Research Magazine

Operational ControlUSDA ARS will identify operations and activities associated with significant environmental aspects in line with its policy, objectives and targets. The Location will plan these activities, including maintenance, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions by:

Establishing and maintaining documented procedures to cover situations where their absence could lead to deviations from the EMS;

Determining which operations should be covered by documented procedures; and

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Determining how those operations should be controlled.

Emergency Preparedness and Response The Location will identify the potential for accidents and emergency situations so as to establish and maintain procedures to respond to such situations, and to prevent and mitigate the environmental impacts that may be associated with them.

Occupant Emergency Plans have been developed to ensure an appropriate response to abnormal operating conditions, accidents and emergencies. These plans comply with applicable regulatory requirements by minimizing and mitigating environmental impacts that may be associated with incidents. The ARS Occupant Emergency plan includes instructions for various types of emergencies and how to respond to hazardous weather, fire, bomb threats, suspicious packages, electrical power failure, accidents/illnesses, chemical spill and clean-up, pandemic flu and other types of emergencies.

The purpose of the plan is to minimize the local effects of disaster or other emergency situations upon the community through the appropriate deployment and use of available personnel, facilities and equipment. The plan sets forth the functional roles, responsibilities, and necessary actions of key ARS personnel. The Location’s Plan is maintained, reviewed and revised by Research Leaders and SHEM Specialist annually.

Document ControlRecords and documents come in a variety of forms. Records will be stored in accordance with the Records Disposition Schedule or other regulatory requirements. Pertinent e-mail traffic will not be deleted and will be backed-up regularly and checked routinely for loss of data. Pertinent phone or in-person conversations will be summarized, date-stamped, and annotated in Outlook under contacts.

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Checking and Corrective Action

E.2 Non-confromance & Corrective and

Preventive Action

E.1 Monitoring& Measurement

E.3 Records

E.4 Environmental Management System Audit

E. Checking And

CorrectiveAction

Annual ReviewAnnually (November), the ARS Corvallis SHEM Committee will review, establish, and or revise the following elements/documents:

Self-Declaration of Conformance Written Environmental Management System Plan (this document) Environmental Objectives and Targets SHEM Policy Statement Environmental Aspects and Impacts Registry EMS metrics

Once reviewed by the SHEM Committee the documents will be sent via e-mail to the Location Coordinator (research leaders and location administrative officer CC’ed) for final review and signature.

The final package will be scanned in and forwarded to the Area office via their SHEM Sharepoint site before Dec 15th

Nonconformance & Corrective / Preventive Action ARS Corvallis will establish and maintain procedures for defining responsibility and authority for handling and investigating nonconformance, taking action to mitigate any impacts caused and for initiating and completing corrective and preventive action. It is ARS goal to treat the causes of problems and not to treat only the symptoms.

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It is the responsibility of all ARS employees involved with the implementation of the EMS to utilize the “Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventive Action” procedures to report any EMS problems or improvement opportunities.

The SHEM Specialist is responsible for the management of the corrective and preventive action system for the Location. Once notification is received, the SHEM Specialist will investigate each significant corrective/preventive action reported. It is not required to act immediately to each service/response request. The SHEM Specialist will ensure the allocation of resources is appropriate to the magnitude of the problems (improvement opportunities) and commensurate with the environmental impacts encountered.

The SHEM Specialist will work with the SHEM Committee to determine the cause of the problem or improvement opportunity. Once identified, recommendations will be made.

Using the results of the investigation, the SHEM Specialist and Research Leader will determine if the problem or improvement opportunity requires corrective or preventive action. If it is determined that action is needed, then the Research Leader will have the responsibility for ensuring effective development and implementation for that corrective or preventive action plan.

Once the action plan is implemented, the Research Leader has the responsibility to verify that the proposed action was taken and to assess the effectiveness of that action. If the action is determined ineffective, then the action plan is to be reviewed, and changes should be made in order to increase chances of successfully resolving the original problem. If the action plan is effective, then the service/response is closed.

Environmental Management System AuditARS Corvallis maintains a program and procedure for audits, in order to:

Determine whether or not the environmental management system conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management and has been properly implemented and maintained.

Provide information on the results of audits to Location Coordinator and Area Office.

The SHEM Specialist will complete, using input from the SHEM Committee, the Location’s Self-Declaration and Scorecard and submit completed documentation to the Pacific West Area Safety Health and Environmental Manager by December 15th of each year. Activities with higher importance or more impacts on the environment and activities that have had non-conformance problems in past audits will be priorities in the scheduling of audits.

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Ergonomics Program

IntroductionErgonomics is the study of work-motion. It is a multidisciplinary science consisting of anthropometry, biomechanics, physiology, engineering, psychology, industrial hygiene, and safety.

Second only to the common cold, ergonomic problems are the main reason for employees being absent from work. If not identified early and treated the majority of ergonomic problems become chronic. No matter the amount of money an individual may spend to correct damage tissues he or she usually has to live the remainder of their life in some form of pain or disability. In order to help prevent or reduce the potential for ergonomic injuries this ARS location has developed and installed the following ergonomic program.

Location Ergonomic PlanThe major responsibility for the success of the ergonomic program lies with the individual. Each of us is different in shape, size, age, sex, etc. Our jobs vary in function and in the manner we perform these tasks. Therefore, each individual will be responsible to evaluate their work site for possible ergonomic problems and bring these concerns to the attention of their supervisor.

You may want to evaluate your job on a quarterly basis and/or break each of your tasks down to individual ergonomic concerns. It is advised that if you review your work tasks on an individual basis and discover an ergonomic problem that these results be included in your standard operating procedures (SOP's) for that task.

General Ergonomic InformationErgonomic problems usually occur at joint areas, i.e. wrist, knees, and vertebrae of the back. The reason for the problems fall into several general categories: lack of physical fitness, over-load to the joint, repetitive motion, and improper operation or design of equipment.

Lack of physical fitness: Each of us has our own way to stay physically fit i.e. bowling, golf, square dancing, jogging, etc. It is easy to let a couple days and weeks slide by without being involved in a physical activity. To assist the employee in reducing possible stress or strain problems it is recommended that they perform several warm-up exercises at the beginning of the work day and to also take several stretch breaks when performing repetitive motion tasks.

Not all exercises are advisable for all employees and the individual should check with their physician if they have any concerns before starting any exercise program.

Over-load to the joint: Most over-load problems occur to the back because the worker lifts or carries more weight than they are capable of managing. These types of injuries are almost totally controlled by the individual.

Repetitive motion: The most common injuries occurring under the area of repetitive motion is the carpal tunnel syndrome (usually occurring during repetitive computer usage) and tennis or golfer's

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elbow. Since these problems are a combination of task and individual anatomy it is imperative that staff classifying their work tasks as being in this category request additional assistance in evaluating their concerns.

Wrist supports and other engineering items found in safety and specialty manuals may not be the best answer for reducing the problem facing the individual. These items are recommended as a support for an individual who has already been injured and not as a method for preventing a problem.

Many times rearranging a work area or altering the time each task is performed can reduce the potential for an injury to occur.

Improper operation or design of equipment: These problems occur when a piece of equipment is designed in a manner that it requires the individual to over-reach or be placed in a position causing strain to various locations of the body. Design problems should be referred for further evaluation.

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Hazard Communication

PurposeTo protect non-laboratory employees from hazardous chemicals in the workplace; to ensure employees and employers are adequately informed about hazardous chemicals in the workplace and how to protect themselves; and to prevent employee work-related injuries and illnesses from exposures to hazardous chemicals.

Background InformationThe Hazard Communication and Training Act requires employers to inform workers about hazardous chemicals in their work areas and to provide training in safety procedures. The Location Coordinator has designated the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) to administer a program to comply with this law.

Hazardous Chemicals IndexThe SOHS maintains a list of the hazardous chemicals or substances in the workplace. Each management unit is responsible for providing the SOHS with a copy of each material safety data sheet that they receive from manufacturers.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)Management units may request material safety data sheets for hazardous materials from the SOHS at any time.

MSDS’s for highly toxic, highly flammable, or chemicals stored in bulk should be kept in a paper copy. MSDS’s for less hazardous chemicals may be stored electronically as long as all affected individuals (those who work with the chemical or in near proximity to the chemical) have ready access to a computer where the electronic MSDS is stored. Electronic copies must be saved to the hard drive, indexed, and placed on a computer with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) to maintain availability during a power outage.

Supervisor ResponsibilitiesEach supervisor is required to train each employee on the presence and safe handling of hazardous chemicals in the employee's workplace. This training shall be provided at the time of the employee's initial assignment and whenever a new hazardous chemical is introduced into the workplace. This training should include at least the following:

The physical and health hazards of the chemicals. The methods that may be used to detect the presence or release of the hazardous chemicals. The measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards. The details of the hazard communication program, labeling requirements, and how employees

can obtain and use the chemical hazard information.

The SOHS recommends that the supervisor keeps a record of the training. The SOHS has developed training outlines and may be contacted for assistance.

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Non-Routine Hazardous TasksWhen Location employees are required to perform a hazardous non-routine task involving a chemical substance, the supervisor should inform each affected employee of:

specific chemical hazards; protective safety measures that can be taken; measures taken by the university to lessen the hazard (such as ventilation, respirators, required

presence of fellow workers); and established emergency procedures.

Examples of non-routine tasks are work in confined places, work with asbestos, and work with PCBs.

Container LabelingSupervisor ResponsibilitiesSupervisors must verify that all containers in their area of responsibility are properly labeled. If a proper label is not provided, the supervisor should contact the SOHS for labels and instructions. Supervisors must ensure that all secondary containers are labeled with either an extra copy of the original manufacturer's label or with other labels that contain at least the name of the chemical and the appropriate hazard warning.

Employee ResponsibilitiesEmployees are responsible for clearly labeling all chemicals and chemical products that are in their original container, including the content, appropriate hazard warning, and name and address of the manufacturer. The SOHS is available to provide assistance in labeling.

Contractor Requirements & ResponsibilitiesAll contractors are required to submit to the SOHS a hazardous chemical list and material safety data sheets for those chemicals that fall within the scope of the Hazard Communication rules. This list should be submitted five (5) working days before introduction of the chemical to the worksite. This gives the SOHS time to provide safety information to Location employees and other contractor employees who will be involved with the chemical.

Management Unit ResponsibilitiesManagement units are responsible for removing, if possible, all hazardous chemicals that contract employees may be exposed during their work. If requested, employing departments are responsible for supplying contractors with a chemical list and/or material safety data sheets prior to the beginning of any job. This information must include all hazardous chemicals that contract employees will be exposed to while at the job site and protective measures they may take to lessen the possibility of exposure. The management units employing the contractors are responsible for notify the contractors of their right to the hazardous chemical safety information.

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Hearing Conservation ProgramI. Introduction

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and delineate responsibilities for implementation of the USDA-ARS-Corvallis Corvallis’ hearing conservation program.

Noise, or unwanted sound, is one of the most pervasive occupational health problems. Sound consists of pressure changes in a medium (usually air), caused by vibration or turbulence. These pressure changes produce waves emanating away from the turbulent or vibrating source. Exposure to high levels of noise causes hearing loss and may cause other harmful health effects as well. The extent of damage depends primarily on the intensity of the noise and the duration of the exposure. Noise-induced hearing loss can be temporary or permanent. Temporary hearing loss results from short-term exposures to noise, with normal hearing returning after a period of rest. Generally, prolonged exposure to high noise levels over a period of time gradually causes permanent damage.

II. Program Requirements

Some research areas at this location contain high intensity noise sources capable of damaging the hearing of exposed personnel. Effects of noise-related hearing damage are irreversible and may not be noticed by an individual for many years.

Hearing damage due to noise exposure is dependent upon both the loudness and duration of exposure. Based on current knowledge, continuous sound levels exceeding 85 dBA and impact noises exceeding 130 dBA are considered hazardous levels (see CFR 29 1910.95 and Appendix A of this program).

Implementation of this Hearing Conservation Program requires accomplishment of six action elements:

1. Identify, assess, and designate hazardous noise sources.

2. Determine extent and disposition of personnel exposed.

3. Engineer methods to abate noise.

4. Educate and advise personnel concerning hearing conservation.

5. Monitor hearing test results using trained audiometric technicians.

6. Require use of hearing protective device in work environments as required.

III. Responsibilities

A. SOHS: The SOHS is responsible for program administration and will be supported by the CDSO, SHEM Committee, Administrative Officer, Program Assistant, or other representatives as needed. The SOHS will provide technical guidance and training for the Hearing Conservation Program at Corvallis.

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1. Training will be given all employees who are exposed to noise at or above an 8-hour time-weighted average of 85 decibels.

a. Training will be conducted annually.

b. Training will include:

i. the effects of noise on hearing

ii. the purpose of hearing protectors, the advantages, disadvantages, and attenuation of various types, and instructions on selection, fitting, use, and care

iii. the purpose of audiometric testing, and an explanation of the test procedure

2. Document those employees participating in the Hearing Conservation Program based on exposure to noise levels (see Appendix B).

3. Ensure individuals identified for the Hearing Conservation Program receive the audiometric testing annually.

4. Coordinate dosimeter or sound level survey testing of all work areas where noise hazards potentially exists but cannot be determined by professional judgment (see Appendix C).

B. Scientists/Project Leaders:

1. Project leaders shall manage and coordinate the Hearing Conservation Program within their responsibility. They will aggressively try to reduce the exposure to hazardous noise of those employees assigned to their research group. They will identify and monitor personnel exposed to excessive noise. Noise surveys may be scheduled through the SOHS if needed.

2. Hazardous noise areas will be designated and warning signs posted on all equipment that requires the wearing of hearing protective devices.

3. Ensure that proper selection of hearing protectors is made, and the proper protectors are available and worn by those employees exposed to hazardous noise levels.

C. Employees:

Employees are responsible for:

1. Wearing adequate hearing protectors whenever working in an area where noise reaches a hazardous level as outlined in Appendix A.

2. Obtaining the appropriate audiometric testing as a participant of the Hearing Conservation Program.

3. Proper cleaning, storing, and use of hearing protectors.

IV. Hearing Protectors

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A. Hearing protectors: Hearing protectors must be available to all employees exposed to 8-hour TWA (time-weighted average) noise levels of 85 dBA or above. This requirement will ensure that employees have access to protectors before they experience a loss in hearing. Hearing protectors must be worn by:

1. Employees for any period exceeding 6 months from the time they are first exposed to 8-hour TWA noise levels of 85 dBA or above until they receive their baseline audiograms in situations where baseline audiograms are delayed.

2. Employees who have incurred standard threshold shifts in hearing ability.

3. Employees exposed over the permissible exposure limit of 90 dBA over an 8-hour time-weighted average.

B. Selection: Employees should decide, with the help of a person who is trained in fitting hearing protectors, which size and type of protector is most suitable for their working environment. The SOHS is a resource for advice on type and fitting of hearing protectors. The protector selected should be comfortable to wear and offer sufficient attenuation to prevent hearing loss.

C. Attenuation: Hearing protectors must adequately reduce the severity of the noise level for each employee’s work environment. The employer must reevaluate the suitability of the employee’s present protector whenever there is a change in working conditions that may cause the hearing protector being used to be inadequate. If workplace noise levels increase, employees must be given more effective protectors.

1. The protector must reduce employee exposures to at least 90 dBA and to 85 dBA when a standard threshold shift already has occurred in the worker’s hearing.

2. Employees must be shown how to use and care for their protectors and must be supervised on the job to ensure that they continue to wear them correctly.

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Hazardous Waste Disposal

GeneralHazardous waste generated at the Location must be disposed of through a system managed by the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS).

The designation "hazardous" refers to any substance that is

corrosive flammable reactive toxic

It does not refer to material that is only radioactive or biohazardous.

Hazardous waste disposal is funded by Location management units.

Management units are encouraged to employ waste reduction procedures to limit collective costs.

If there are questions or unusual circumstances, please contact the SOHS for assistance.

Waste DeterminationPrior to disposal of any chemical waste, the Location must perform an official hazardous waste determination to see if the waste is hazardous. The SOHS performs that service for the Location community.

A short list of non-hazardous chemicals can be found in this manual; all others should be considered hazardous until the determination has been made.

Hazardous waste is incinerated, at off-site locations, whenever possible. Management units are encouraged to employ waste reduction procedures to limit costs. Use these guidelines to prepare and request disposal of hazardous chemical waste.

ContainersCollect each waste in a NON-LEAKING container; match size to amount of waste. Use containers chemicals were received in

Liquid containers must be less than 5 gallons and 45 pounds (about 3-4 gallons of typical halogenated solvent).

Reusable solvent waste containers are available from the SOHS.

All containers must have non-leaking, tight fitting lids that are not cracked, broken, or chemically damaged.

Paper or cardboard containers should be put into sealed plastic bags.

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Containers should be labeled as soon as waste is put into them, and must be capped at all times when not actively adding waste.

LabelsChemicals in original non-leaking containers with manufacturer's label will be accepted as is.

All other wastes require a hazardous waste label, available from the SOHS, completed and attached to each waste container.

Do not cover existing labels or markings.

Solvent labels should be put onto string tags attached to containers. Tags are available from the SOHS.

Fill out the LOWER part of the orange label with:

Your name, building, room number, and department.

Identification of contents, including total weight or volume and percent ranges for all constituents.

Packing Get boxes for the waste before pickup Do NOT pack materials in boxes. Waste containers will be examined, and the SOHS will then pack waste in boxes according to

compatibility. Boxes should be sealable and sturdy enough to transport the material. Boxes exceeding 45 pounds or 18 inches on a side cannot be safely handled by one person, and

will not be picked up.

Pickup To request waste pickup, contact the SOHS YOU are responsible for proper containers, labels, and transport boxes. Do NOT package waste in boxes. All containers must be less than 45 pounds.

Miscellaneous WastesLead acid batteries can be dropped off at Battery Exchange. You cannot drop off batteries that are encased, for example ones that are in APS battery backups.

Consumer batteries can be dropped off at Allied Waste, they have a bin to drop consumer batteries into. They post a sign that restricts what types of batteries they will accept - so you may have to remove some batteries and dispose of them as hazardous waste.

Paint – Oregon has a take-back program. You can drop your paint off at Habitat for Humanity on 9 th street. Free of charge, no questions asked. There are other places you can take the paint. If it is questionable about whether or not something qualifies as “paint” (i.e. primer, coatings, etc.) just bring it and they can make the determination of whether to accept it or not.

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Hazardous Waste Reduction

GeneralCost to dispose of hazardous chemical waste may exceed the original purchase cost

The Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS) encourages generators to reduce waste whenever possible

Specific Reduction Ideas

Unknowns Difficult to handle and very expensive to dispose Prevent by keeping good records and labeling. Responsible departments must make a good faith effort to identify the material. Responsible departments may be asked to pay for the cost of identification or classification

required for disposal of unknowns.

Flammable organic solvents Combined by the SOHS and reused for off-site fuel or solvent recovery Small volumes will be collected. Mixing organic solvents with other chemicals will make them unsuitable for heat recovery; costs

will increase. "Other chemicals" include halogenated solvents, acutely toxic flammables, acids, bases, heavy

metals, oxidizers, and pesticides.

Halogenated solvents Separate from other liquids for solvent recovery. Flammable organic solvents mixed with halogenated solvents should be treated as halogenated

waste solvent.

Chemical recycling Appropriate if material is in unopened containers or partially used original containers and of

high quality. Be careful not to obliterate labels or any parts of labels. Materials are made available to interested parties at OSU or other management units. Research chemicals should not be given or sold to the general public or offered as surplus

property. Commercial chemical products may be surplused if reasonable cautions are followed; contact

the SOHS for details.

Neutralization Performed on wastes which are hazardous ONLY because of corrosive properties (acids, bases). Neutralized solution should have a final pH value between 6 and 9.

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Corrosive wastes outside those pH limits should not be discharged through the sewer system. The SOHS may be able to provide generators with appropriate neutralization materials.

Purchasing Buy chemicals in an amount that matches anticipated needs Check with your neighbors or the master chemical inventory for the management unit before

placing your purchase. It is likely that you can get what you need from another research group Substantial portion of chemical waste at the Location are unused chemicals in original

containers Savings from purchasing chemicals in larger sizes offset by disposal costs for unused portions Be cognizant of the chemical shelf life when buying It's not always possible to determine future needs, but think about it when ordering.

Change Procedures Modify procedures which use hazardous substances to lessen the hazard or amount of waste

products A less hazardous material can be substituted and perform as well Example:

o Substitute the commercial oxidizing compound NOCHROMIX in place of chromic acid in making an oxidizing acid cleaning solution

o Resulting mixture is still hazardous because of its corrosive properties, but is not toxic. o It can be neutralized

Reactive substances--those that react with water or air or are inherently unstable--are especially troublesome disposal items.

Disposal costs for picric acid can be as much as ten times the original purchase price.

Minimize purchases, change procedures, use entire stocks, and regularly monitor inventory of such compounds

Non-hazardous WasteCollect solids in disposable, non-leaking containers, labeled with contents, clearly marked as non-hazardous

The SOHS will accept any well identified non-hazardous waste and take care of it

It can alternatively be placed in the garbage collection system.

Small volumes of solutions containing only non- hazardous, water miscible liquid materials can be disposed through the sewer system

Remember that "hazardous" includes flammable liquids even if they are water soluble

If questions arise as to a specific chemical's hazard status, contact the SOHS

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The items listed below are considered NON hazardous

NON-Hazardous Organic Chemicals

Acetates: Ca, K, Na, K, Mg, NH4, Ca Naturally occurring amino acids and salts Citric acid and salts of Na, K, Mg, NH4, Ca Lactic acid and salts of Na, K, Mg, NH4, Ca Sugars and sugar alcohols Starch NON-Hazardous Inorganic Chemicals Bicarbonates: Na, K Borates: Na, K, Mg, Ca Bromides: Na, K, Ammonium Carbonates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ammonium Chlorides: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ammonium Iodides: Na, K, Ca Oxides: B, Mg, Ca, Al, Si, Fe, Zn Phosphates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ammonium Silicates: Na, K, Mg, Ca Sulfates: Na, K, Mg, Ca, Ammonium

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Lockout - Tagout Program

Purpose Control of Hazardous energy is the purpose of the Lockout- Tagout (LOTO) Program. This program establishes the requirements for isolation of both kinetic and potential electrical, chemical, thermal, hydraulic and pneumatic and gravitational energy prior to equipment repair, adjustment or removal. Reference: OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910. 147, the control of hazardous energy.

Definitions Authorized (Qualified) Employees are the only ones certified to lock and tagout equipment or machinery. Whether an employee is considered to be qualified will depend upon various circumstances in the workplace. It is likely for an individual to be considered "qualified" with regard to certain equipment in the workplace, but "unqualified" as to other equipment. An employee who is undergoing on-the-job training and who, in the course of such training, has demonstrated an ability to perform duties safely at his or her level of training and who is under the direct supervision of a qualified person, is considered to be "qualified" for the performance of those duties.

The Location Safety and Occupational Health Specialist (SOHS), Aaron Williams, will be responsible for maintaining the list of authorized employees. The safety officer will nominate authorized employees. New authorized employees must be approved by the Maintenance Manager, Tom Garbacik. New authorized employees will be designated based on operational need and on their demonstrated ability to properly follow LOTO procedures.

The Maintenance Manager will be the sole supplier of LOTO equipment. The current standard for padlocks used at the Location is red-coated “Best” locks. Authorized employees must request supplies and replacements from the Maintenance Manager by submitting an AD-700 to them.

The ONLY Authorized Employees at the Corvallis Location are listed in Attachment A.

Affected Employees are those employees who operate machinery or equipment upon which lockout or tagging out is required under this program. Training of these individuals will be less stringent in that it will include the purpose and use of the lockout procedures.

Other Employees are identified as those that do not fall into the authorized, affected or qualified employee category. Essentially, it will include all other employees. These employees will be provided instruction in what the program is and not to touch any machine or equipment when they see that it has been locked or tagged out.

Training

Authorized Employees Training All Authorized Employees will be trained to use the LOTO Procedures. The training will be conducted by the SOHS. Retraining shall be held at least annually. The training will consist of the following:

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Review of General Procedures Review of Specific Procedures for machinery, equipment and processes Location and use of Lockout / Tagout equipment Procedures when questions arise

Affected Employee Training Only trained and authorized employees will repair, replace or adjust machinery, equipment or

processes Affected employees may not remove locks, locking devices or tags from machinery, equipment

or circuits. Purpose and use of the lockout procedures.

Other Employee Training Only trained and authorized employees will repair, replace or adjust machinery or equipment. Other Employees may not apply or remove Locks, locking devices or tags from machinery,

equipment or circuits Affected and “other” employee training will be accomplished with an annual email reminder

describing the function of the lockout device and imploring employees not to disturb, bypass, or remove locks or tags.

Preparation for Lock and Tag Out Procedures A Lockout - Tagout survey has been conducted to locate and identify all energy sources to verify which switches or valves supply energy to machinery and equipment. A list of all equipment with hazardous energy, their energy sources, and the procedures to control those energy sources may be found in Appendix B. As repairs and/or renovations of existing electrical systems are made, standardized lockout controls will be implemented. Note: Tagout should always accompany Lockout. Tagout ALONE is only to be used when lockout is not feasible.

The Facility Manager should be informed if an energy source will be locked out for non-routine maintenance, if the lockout may affect contractors or facility systems, or if the lock will be left on overnight or longer.

Routine Maintenance & Machine Adjustments Lock and Tag Out procedures are not required if equipment must be operating for proper adjustment. This rare exception may be used only by trained and authorized Employees when specific procedures have been developed to safely avoid hazards with proper training. All consideration shall be made to prevent the need for an employee to break the plane of a normally guarded area of the equipment by use of tools and other devices.

Locks, Hasps and Tags All authorized employees should maintain the equipment necessary to adequately perform lockout procedures. All locks will be keyed differently and may not be shared. In some cases, more than one lock, hasp and tag are needed to completely de-energize equipment and machinery. All locks and hasps shall be uniquely identifiable to a specific employee.

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Equipment that does not Require Written ProceduresLocation personnel will not be required to draft written standard operating procedure for the energy control of a hazardous energy source when all of the following criteria are met:

The machine has a single energy source that completely de-energizes the equipment to be worked on.

The machine can be locked out with a single lockout device. There is no potential for the machine to store or re-accumulate energy during the shutdown

period. There are no hazards posed to other employees. The piece of equipment has an accessible manual (or other written guidelines) that covers

energy control procedures with sufficient detail and these procedures are followed.

SOP: General Lock and Tag Out Procedures Before working on, repairing, adjusting or replacing machinery and equipment, the following procedures will be utilized to place the machinery and equipment in a neutral or zero mechanical state.

Preparation for Shutdown. Before authorized or affected employees turn off a machine or piece of equipment, the authorized employee will have knowledge of the type and magnitude of the energy, the hazards of the energy to be controlled, and the means to control the energy.

Notify all affected employees that the machinery, equipment or process will be out of service. If the affected employee is not present then leave a highly visible note near or on the point of operation.

Machine or Equipment Shutdown. The machine or equipment will be turned or shut down using the specific procedures for that specific machine. An orderly shutdown will be utilized to avoid any additional or increased hazards to employees as a result of equipment de-energization.

If the machinery, equipment or process is in operation, follow normal stopping procedures (depress stop button, open toggle switch, etc.).

Move switch or panel arms to "Off" or "Open" positions and close all valves or other energy isolating devices so that the energy source(s) is disconnected or isolated from the machinery or equipment.

Electric circuits that are to be locked out should be checked with a multi-meter to verify that they are live. This will reinforce that the proper circuit was disconnected after the lockout is applied and the circuit is checked again (see below).

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Machine or Equipment Isolation. All energy control devices that are needed to control the energy to the machine or equipment will be physically located and operated in such a manner as to isolate the machine or equipment from the energy source.

Tagout and Lockout Device Application. Tagout should always accompany lockout.

Lockout devices will be affixed in a manner that will hold the energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" position.

Tagout devices will be affixed to energy isolating devices by authorized employees. It will be affixed in such a manner that will clearly state that the operation or the movement of energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" positions is prohibited.

The tagout devices will be attached to the same point the lock is attached. If the tag cannot be affixed at that point, the tag will be located as close as possible to the device in a position that will be immediately obvious to anyone attempting to operate the device.

The tagout must include, at a minimum, the following information:

Date the device was locked out.

Name of the authorized employee who locked it out.

Description of why the equipment was locked out.

Lock and tag out all energy devices by use of hasps, chains and valve covers with an assigned individual locks.

Tagout Device Application without Lockout. Tagout, by itself, should only be used when locking out the device is not possible by other means.

Tagout devices will be affixed to energy isolating devices by authorized employees. If possible they will be affixed in a manner that will hold the energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" position. They will be affixed in such a manner that will clearly state that the operation or the movement of energy isolating devices from the "safe" or "off" positions is prohibited.

The tagout devices will be attached to the same point a lock would be attached. If the tag cannot be affixed at that point, or if that point does not exist, the tag will be located as close as possible to the device in a position that will be immediately obvious to anyone attempting to operate the device.

The tagout must include, at a minimum, the following information:

Date the device was tagged out.

Name of the authorized employee who tagged it out.

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Description of why the equipment was tagged out.

Stored Energy Following the application of the lockout or tagout devices to the energy isolating devices, all potential or residual energy will be relieved, disconnected, restrained, and otherwise rendered safe.

Where the re-accumulation of stored energy to a hazardous energy level is possible, verification of isolation will be continued until the maintenance or servicing is complete.

Release stored energy (capacitors, springs, elevated members, rotating fly wheels, and hydraulic/air/gas/steam systems) must be relieved or restrained by grounding, repositioning, blocking and/or bleeding the system.

Verification of Isolation Prior to starting work on machines or equipment that have been locked or tagged out, the authorized employees will verify that isolation or de-energization of the machine or equipment have been accomplished.

If you have just locked out an electrical circuit as part of your lock out procedure then check it with a multimeter to verify there is no voltage.

After assuring that no Employee will be placed in danger, test all lock and tag outs by following the normal start up procedures (depress start button, etc.).

Caution: After the test, place controls in neutral position.

Extended Lockout - Tagout Should the shift change before the machinery or equipment can be restored to service, the lock and tag out must remain. If the task is reassigned to the next shift, those Employees must lock and tag out before the previous shift may remove their lock and tag.

The Facility Manager should be informed if an energy source will be locked out for an extended period of time.

SOP: Release from LOCKOUT/TAGOUT Before lockout or tagout devices are removed and the energy restored to the machine or equipment, the following actions will be taken:

1. The work area will be thoroughly inspected to ensure that nonessential items have been removed and that machine or equipment components are operational.

2. The work are will be checked to ensure that all employees have been safely positioned or removed. Before the lockout or tagout devices are removed, the affected employees will be notified that the lockout or tagout devices are being removed.

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3. The removal of some forms of blocking may require reenergization of the machine before all lockout or tagout devices are removed.

4. Each lockout or tagout device will be removed from each energy isolating device by the employee who applied the device.

SOP: LOTO Procedure for Electrical Plug-Type Equipment This procedure covers all Electrical Plug-Type Equipment such as Battery Chargers, some Product Pumps, Office Equipment, Powered Hand Tools, Powered Bench Tools, Lathes, Fans, etc.

When working on, repairing, or adjusting the above equipment, the following procedures must be utilized to prevent accidental or sudden startup:

1. Unplug Electrical Equipment from wall socket or in-line socket.

2. Attach "Do Not Operate" Tag and Plug Box & Lock on end of power cord.

An exception is granted to not lock & tag the plug is the cord & plug remain in the exclusive control of the Employee working on, adjusting or inspecting the equipment.

3. Test Equipment to assure power source has been removed by depressing the "Start" or On" Switch.

4. Perform required operations.

5. Replace all guards removed.

6. Remove Lock & Plug Box and Tag.

7. Inspect power cord and socket before plugging equipment into power source. Any defects must be repaired before placing the equipment back in service.

NOTE: Occasionally used equipment may be unplugged from power source when not in use.

SOP: LOTO Procedure for Compressors This procedure covers all compressors that store compressed air.

When working on, repairing, or adjusting the above equipment, the following procedures must be utilized to prevent accidental or sudden startup:

If applicable, close the isolation valve to isolate the compressor from its air system.

Adjust the tank pressure regulator to its minimum to ensure the compressor doesn’t charge while the next operations are conducted.

If equipped with a switch turn the compressor OFF.

Remove the energy source from the compressor.

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If it is PTO driven then stop and shut down the tractor, disengage the PTO, and decouple the PTO shaft from the driving mechanism on the compressor.

If it is an electric compressor then unplug the compressor from the wall.

If the compressor is liquid or gas fuel driven then shut off all feed valves and adjust the choke to cut off air flow. Bleed off excess pressure if you are able to do so safely. Remove the coupling if safe to do so.

Attach "Do Not Operate" Tag to the compressor at its point of operation. Lock it out to prevent operation by any sufficient means (e.g. chains, valve covers, cord-caps).

An exception is granted to not lock & tag the compressor remains in the exclusive control of the Employee working on, adjusting or inspecting the equipment.

Release stored pressure in the tank by opening the drain valve on the bottom of the tank. Protect your hearing by wearing ear muffs and keep your hands away from the exiting air flow.

Bleed excess pressure in the line connecting the compressor to the load.

Test Equipment to assure power source has been removed by depressing the "Start" or On" Switch.

Perform required operations.

Remove Lock and Tag.

Inspect the compressor before re-energizing it. Any defects must be repaired before placing the equipment back in service. Confirm that all valves and in their proper start-up orientation restarting the equipment.

SOP: LOTO Procedures Involving More Than One Employee In the preceding SOPs, if more than one Employee is assigned to a task requiring a lock and tag out, each must also place his or her own lock and tag on the energy isolating device(s).

Contractors Contractors, working on company property and equipment must use this Lockout - Tagout procedure while servicing or maintaining equipment, machinery or processes.

Annual Review and Reauthorization This program is administered by the Location SOHS. This program must be reviewed and reauthorized yearly; or more frequently should the need arise.

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Attachment A.

The Authorized Employees at the Corvallis, Oregon Location are:

1. LSS: Tom Garbacik, Joe Sears, Paul Charron, Dennis Vandeveer, Debbie Maggiulli

2. Hop Yard (authorized to lock out the Hop picker for cleaning only): John Henning

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MSDS Management Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS’s) are documents provided by manufacturers describing the physical and health hazards of hazardous chemicals and trade name products.

Chemical information and Material Safety Data Sheets must be available for all chemicals (solids, liquids, and gases) as required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administrations (OSHA) Laboratory Safety Standard and the Hazard Communication Standard. The MSDS sheets must be accessible to all employees at all times to achieve compliance with these regulations.

Access to MSDS’s can be provided as paper copies, electronic, or via the internet. The OSHA regulations do not require a paper copy:

[29 CFR 1910.1200(g)(8) "Electronic access, microfiche, and other alternatives to maintaining paper copies of the material safety data sheets are permitted as long as no barriers to immediate employee access in each workplace are created by such options."]

It is USDA-ARS-Corvallis policy to keep paper copies, in the immediate work area, of MSDS’s for reagents that:

Have NFPA health, fire, or reactivity hazard ratings of 3 or greater and are stored or used in quantities greater than 50 mL.

Have a NFPA health, fire, or reactivity of 2 or greater and are stored or used in quantaties greater than one gallon.

Hazardous materials (typically older, smaller vials) that are poorly labeled.

In addition to required paper copies, supervisors are strongly urged to print out all MSDS sheets for their chemicals from the manufacturer that produced them and keep them in a clearly marked three ring binder in the work area on a bookshelf where they will be visible to all employees. MSDS’s for hazardous materials that are no longer being used or stored must be removed from the binder.

Typically the paper copy of the MSDS will accompany the shipment of chemicals from the vender. It is your responsibility to retain this copy and file it accordingly.

MSDS’s can usually be accessed through the vender’s website. The product ID or number is usually required. Links to common laboratory reagent venders are listed below:

Sigma-Aldrich site contains >85,000 MSDS sheets. Use this site for Sigma/Aldrich/Fluka/Supelco/SAFC products. You will need the product ID number. http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center/msds-search.html

Mallinckrodt-Baker chemical company database. Use this site for Mallinckrodt & JT Baker products. http://www.mallbaker.com/Americas/catalog/default.asp?searchfor=msds

Fisher Scientific Company site. Use this site for Fisher & ACROS products. http://www.fishersci.com/wps/portal/CMSTATIC?pagename=msds

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http://www.fishersci.com/wps/portal/CMSTATIC?pagename=msds

http://www.mallbaker.com/Americas/catalog/default.asp?searchfor=msds

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center/msds-search.html

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/safety-center/msds-search.html

Alfa Aesar site. Use this site for Alfa Aesar products. http://www.alfa.com/webapps/ec120w.pgm

MSDS’s for chemicals used for facility and equipment maintenance can often be found on the manufacturer’s or distributor’s website.

MSDS for simple mixtures and common chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid or ethanol, can be obtained from any vender. However, the concentrations and components of the mixture listed on the label and on the MSDS must be equal. For example, a MSDS for 30% HCl cannot be used for concentrated 65% HCl.

"Employees" include maintenance and cleaning staff also, so they have to be familiar with the method of getting the MSDS on-line, and they must have ready access to the hardware that permits that access. Additionally, provisions are needed for dealing with long-term interruptions to power, the network, or the server which would make electronic versions unavailable.

Having MSDS websites bookmarked is acceptable as long as all employees in the workplace know where to find the MSDS and are trained on the use of computers to access MSDS’s. If a supervisor chooses to use electronic access, then the SOHS recommends the MSDS website link be posted on the computer or in another conspicuous location.

Accidents involving chemicals will require an MSDS be provided to emergency response personnel and to the attending physician so proper treatment can be administered. The "rule of thumb" is that any person working with a chemical should be able to produce an MSDS within five minutes.

The SOHS recommends maintaining these binders continually. If, for example, someone goes to the emergency room with a chemical in their eyes, they need not waste time looking for the exact MSDS sheet, just take the entire binder. SOHS will provide MSDS’s to the emergency rooms on request however this wastes precious time and is problematic. For example, sometimes the victim will only know the trade name of the product, or sometimes they know the primary chemical name but not the concentration, etc., all of which would be on the MSDS provided by the manufacturer in the binder. Therefore, it is a prudent practice to maintain an MSDS for the exact chemical from the manufacturer.

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http://www.alfa.com/webapps/ec120w.pgm

Personal Protective Equipment

IntroductionMany injuries can be avoided by wearing the proper apparel and personal protective equipment (PPE) when engaged in certain tasks.

The list below covers the general, default, PPE and apparel requirements for specific situations.

The supervisor is invited to modify the requirements for a specific task (e.g. “using a leaf grinder”) but should do so in writing; preferably incorporated into a written standard operating procedure.

General Workplace Apparel RequirementsThe following footwear is prohibited in any work area, to include offices:

Sandals and open toed shoes. Shoes without adequate tread and tend to slip. Shoes with a heel or sole that is greater than 2 inches in height.

Apparel choices must be appropriate to the weather conditions and the type of work being done.

General Apparel Requirements for Working around Hazardous EquipmentSafety glasses or equivalent must be worn whenever there is a risk of sparks, flying projectiles, dust particles. Prescription eye wear is not sufficient. Safety glasses that can be worn over normal eyeglasses are available. Prescription safety glasses are available through several local eyewear vendors but must be purchased at employee expense. Contact the SOHS for more information.

Hearing protection devices, either ear plugs or ear muffs, are required whenever working around hazardous noise producing equipment. Contact the SOHS for a determination on whether a piece of equipment requires hearing protection devices.

Personal effects must be removed to minimize the chance of being pulled into moving equipment, contacting an ignition source (flame), or contacting an electrical source.

Loose clothing is prohibited. Long hair must be tied back. Jewelry, to include rings, earrings, and wrist watches, must be removed. ID badges must be temporarily removed.

General Apparel Requirements for Handling Hazardous ChemicalsThe following requirements apply FOR EVERYONE NEARBY whenever hazardous chemicals are being used or handled in the area or laboratory:

Pants and long sleeved shirts. This requirement may be met by wearing a lab coat over shorts and short sleeved shirts.

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Safety glasses. Chemically resistant goggles that fully encompass the eyes must be worn by everyone within the reasonable splash range whenever the hazardous material is liquid.

Closed toed shoes. Sneakers or other shoes with woven tops are insufficient when there is a risk of chemical spilling onto the shoe.

Personal effects must be removed to minimize the chance of being trapping corrosive/irritating chemicals underneath, touching an ignition source (Bunsen burner) or contacting an electrical source (electrophoresis).

Loose clothing is prohibited. Long hair must be tied back. Jewelry, to include rings and wrist watches, must be removed if possible. Skin, eyes, and respiratory tract should always be protected from possible exposure by use of

appropriate laboratory clothing, goggles/ face shields and respirators. Contact lenses are highly discouraged when handling hazardous chemicals. There is evidence

that chemical gases and liquids can concentrate in and under the lenses; increasing the damage. Furthermore, a chemical splash in the eye will cause the eye to involuntarily spasm, making it very difficult to remove the lenses to properly irrigate the eyes. If you CHOOSE to wear contact lenses please be aware of these following guidelines:

Instruct your supervisor and coworkers that you wear contact lenses and how to remove them so that they could help you do so in an emergency.

Do not wait to remove the lenses before beginning eye wash station irrigation. Start washing first and remove the lenses when able.

Your eyes may come in contact with a chemical without you knowing it. Remove your contact lenses at the first signs of redness or irritation.

Contact lenses are not protective eyewear. You are expected to wear eye protection as specified in the rest of this document.

Chemical resistant gloves must be worn when handling open containers of hazardous chemicals. The gloves must be of adequate material and thickness to resist degradation or permeation. Consult this document or contact the SOHS for assistance in choosing an appropriate glove material.

To prevent spreading contamination, laboratory coats and gloves must be removed before leaving the laboratory.

If laboratory coats are contaminated with hazardous chemicals, they should be removed immediately, and properly laundered, or disposed of as hazardous chemical waste.

If laboratory clothing is cleaned by a linen service contractor, contractor employees must be informed if contamination of laboratory clothing presents a danger to cleaning service employees.

General Apparel Requirements for Field Work

Hot Weather:Safety glasses or goggles must be worn during field jobs where airborne dust or plant material could enter the eyes. Employee provided sunglasses are acceptable alternatives but must provide side protection and be approved by the employee’s supervisor first.

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https://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/53580000/Chemical%20Resistance%20Guide.pdf

All clothing choices should be light and breathable to manage heat load. Sunhats or other large brim hats are not required but are highly encouraged.

Sunscreen is not required but is highly encouraged. Please be aware that sunscreen decreases the body’s ability to exhaust heat and therefore increases heat load.

Cold Weather: Wear appropriate winter and/or rain-proof gear for extended periods of field work.

Additional Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Requirements:Properly sized work gloves whenever working with material wherever there is a risk of splinters, cuts, and/or fragments.

Heat resistant clothing and gloves are required when retrieving items from hot equipment (e.g. autoclaves). Cold resistant clothing and gloves is required when working with liquid nitrogen.

Properly sized shoes with hardened toes (e.g. steel toed boots) are required whenever handling and/or transporting, mechanically or otherwise, objects heavy enough to damage the foot.

Hard hats must be worn whenever overhead work is being performed or in areas where it is reasonable to expect elevated stored materials could fall.

Reflective vests or belts must be worn when working around moving equipment during dark hours or inclement weather.

Respirators or dust masks are required whenever airborne dust or contaminates could present a health risk to the employee’s respiratory system. The SOHS is required to be informed of all work conditions that might require a respirator so that he may determine the level of respiratory protection needed.

Additional personal protective equipment requirements, such as chemical resistant gloves, can be obtained from Standard Operating Procedures, Material Safety Data Sheets, or by requesting assistance from the SOHS.

Who is Responsible for Purchasing PPE:Unless otherwise stated the employer is required to purchase and provide all protective mentioned in this document. Contact the SOHS to resolve disputes regarding whether PPE is required or not and who is required to purchase it. The following are several, non-intuitive, exceptions:

The employee is required to purchase safety shoes, to include steel-toed boots and work shoes with non-slip tread.

The employee is required to purchase prescription safety glasses. If the employee opts not to the supervisor is required to purchase safety glasses that fit over the employee’s regular eye-glasses.

Employees are required to pay for everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal work boots. This applies even when this document requires the employee to use of this type of clothing.

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The employer is not required to pay for ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items used solely for the protection from weather, such as

winter coats, jackets, gloves, and parkas. rubber boots, hats, and raincoats. ordinary sunglasses. sunscreen.

Employers must pay for replacement PPE, except when the employee has lost or intentionally damaged the PPE.

The employee is responsible for safeguarding and maintaining personal protective equipment.

Lost or damaged PPE is not an excuse to continue work without it. The employee must either pay for the replacement, be removed from the task requiring it, or provided replacement PPE free of charge by the employer (with accompanying disciplinary actions if needed).

The supervisor reserves the right to take disciplinary action or lower performance ratings if they are required to replace PPE that was lost, stolen, or damaged through an employee’s negligent behavior.

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Radiation Protection Program

IntroductionAny worker who works with radioisotopes, radioactive material containing equipment, and/or works in an area where radioisotopes or open radioactive sources are being stored or used is subject to special rules and restrictions as outlined by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the USDA Radiation Safety Service (RSS).

Exception: Employees who work in a general area of a fully encapsulated radioactive source, such as an Electron Capture Detector in a Gas Chromatograph, are exempt from the requirements below but must still be made aware of the radiological hazards, however minimal, present in their workplace.

RequirementsAll new radiation workers must view the ARS Radiation Safety Program video that can be accessed via this hyperlink: http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/shem/videos.htm

In order to work under an existing permit the new employee must apply and approved as an “Authorized User” under that permit by the USDA RSS. To do so each new employee must fill out an RS-10. This form is available on the RSS website here: http://www.dm.usda.gov/ohsec/rsd/forms.htm

Depending on the nature of the work and the past experience of the new employee some additional training, to include formal classroom training, may be required before USDA RSS approves the new employee as an Authorized User. Ask the SOHS for help in coordinating additional training.

Each worker must be familiar with the written Standard Operating Procedures for the Radiation work.

The Thermo-Luminescent Device (TLD) program must be explained to the new employee and they will be allowed, with supervisor approval, to opt into this monitoring program. An RSS-70 for the new employee must be completed for enrollment. This form is available on the RSS website here: http://www.dm.usda.gov/ohsec/rsd/forms.htm

If the permit was previously inspected/audited by the NRC, USDA RSS, or the SOHS then the new employee must be familiar with the inspection results and how any discrepancies were corrected.

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http://www.dm.usda.gov/ohsec/rsd/forms.htm

http://www.dm.usda.gov/ohsec/rsd/forms.htm

http://www.afm.ars.usda.gov/shem/videos.htm

Respiratory Protection Program

Introduction:The purpose of this policy is to provide Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Corvallis employees a Respiratory Protection Program aimed at reducing employee exposures to excessive levels of dusts, fumes, mists, gases, vapors, pollens, radionuclide, etc.

The policy applies to all ARS Corvallis Location employees who perform duties in work locations with potential inhalation hazards. The policy also applies to all OSU employees or visiting researchers who work on federal facilities or under federal supervision. Only authorized, trained personnel will be permitted to use respirators. Where feasible, exposures to contaminants will be eliminated or reduced by engineering controls (e.g., general and local ventilation, enclosure and isolation, substitution, etc.). When engineering controls are being instituted or when not capable of reducing exposures to acceptable levels, the use of personal respiratory protective equipment becomes necessary.

As part of the Location’s continuing effort to reduce exposure and risk to employees, the Location has implemented the Respiratory Protection Program to provide information on aspects of the use of respiratory protection equipment and educate employees on rules which apply. The written program is designed to comply with the requirements of the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Respiratory Protection Standard, 29 CFR 1910.134 and Section 36 of the ARS 230 Safety Health and Environmental Management Manual.

The SOHS is the designated Respiratory Protection Program Administrator. The written Respiratory Protection Program is posted online and in the Location’s Safety, Health and Environmental Management Manual. All location employees may have access to this manual. To obtain copies of the program or training, contact the Respiratory Protection Program Administrator at (541) 738-4003.

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A. SUMMARY: This program establishes policy and responsibilities to govern the ARS Corvallis Respiratory Protection Program.

B. BACKGROUND:

A Respiratory Protection Program is required by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The specific program requirements are stated in 29 CFR 1910.134, Corvallis OAR 437-002, and ARS Corvallis Location’s 230 Manual.

C. APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE:

This program applies to all Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Corvallis personnel who perform duties in work locations with potential inhalation hazards. Only authorized, trained personnel will be permitted to use a respirator.

D. POLICY:

The program is implemented to provide ARS Corvallis Location employees a Respiratory Protection Program aimed at reducing employee exposures to excessive levels of dusts, fumes, mists, gases, vapors, pollens, radionuclide, etc. Where feasible, exposures to contaminants will be eliminated or reduced by engineering controls (e.g., general and local ventilation, enclosure and isolation, and substitution). When engineering controls are being instituted or when not capable of reducing exposures to acceptable levels, the use of personal respiratory protective equipment becomes necessary.

As part of the Location’s continuing effort to reduce exposure and risk to employees, the Location has implemented the Respiratory Protection Program to provide information on aspects of the use of respiratory protection equipment. This written program is designed to comply with the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Respiratory Protection Standard, 29 CFR 1910.134.

E. RESPONSIBILITIES:

1. Location Coordinators will:

Ensure Research Leaders under their direction comply with the Respiratory Protection Program providing employees the necessary protection from inhalation hazards.

2. Research Leaders will:

Exercise primary responsibility for the Respiratory Protection for their Research Unit, and provide support and appropriate funding for their program (i.e., medical questionnaire evaluation, examination, chemical monitoring, personal protective equipment, engineering controls, etc.).

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3. Supervisors will:

a. Conduct hazard assessments to determine if personal protective equipment is needed. Make sure proper respirators and cartridges are used, based on the employee's job hazard assessment. For assistance, contact the SOHS or Collateral Duty Safety Officer (CDSO).

b. Provide Respiratory Program Administrator a list of those persons selected to work in a respiratory hazardous area. Provide updates when applicable. Ensure applicable employees under their supervision receive training, fit testing and medical evaluations

c. Ensure employees use and maintain respirators when necessary. Ensure the availability of appropriate respirators and accessories.

d. Monitor work areas and operations to identify respirator hazards. Report unauthorized respirator users to the Respiratory Program Administrator.

e. Take effective measures to prevent staff and others from entry into areas identified as one in which atmospheric contamination or airborne hazards exist without proper respiratory protection, and where engineering controls are not feasible (i.e., fields where pesticides have recently been sprayed, etc.)

f. Work with SOHS or CDSO to reduce hazards and the need for personal protective equipment

g. Complete appropriate trainingh. Maintain applicable records.

4. Employees will:

a. Observe all practices and procedures contained in the Location’s Respiratory Protection Program

b. Be responsible for wearing and maintaining respirators. Ensure correct respirator and cartridge combinations are used for specific jobs or tasks

c. Participate in training programs and the Occupational Medical Surveillance Program or respiratory medical clearance process

d. Request additional hazard assessment when processes or procedures change which might affect exposure levels or the need for respiratory protection. Report hazardous or unsafe conditions to supervisor

e. Report to supervisor or Respirator Program Administrator any changes in physical condition that could affect respirator fit (i.e., facial injuries, considerable weight loss or gain, etc.)

f. Observe all other safety practices.

5. Safety and Occupational Health Specialist will:

a. Manage the Respiratory Protection Program for the Corvallis Location (Program Administrator)

b. Provide hazard assessment consultation to applicable supervisors c. Maintain current list of work areas and procedures performed where respiratory

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protection is required or requestedd. Conduct air sampling/monitoring when necessarye. Coordinate medical clearance or evaluationf. Conduct fit testing annually g. Provide training of affected employees in the need for, and the proper use and care of

respiratorsh. Maintain applicable recordsi. Evaluate effectiveness of program.

6. Collateral Duty Safety Officer will perform the tasks of the SOHS when able or request assistance from the SOHS when needed.

F. PROGRAM ELEMENTS:

1. The Respiratory Protection Program consists of the following elements:

a. Procedures for procuring and selecting respirators for use in the workplace

b. Medical evaluations of employees required to use respirators

c. Fit testing procedures for tight-fitting respirators

d. Procedures for proper use of respirators

e. Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing, discarding and otherwise maintaining respirators

f. Training of employees in the respiratory hazards to which they are potentially exposed

g. Training of employees in the proper use of respirators, including putting on and removing them, any limitations on their use, and their maintenance

h. Procedures for regularly evaluating the effectiveness of the program.

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G. VOLUNTARY USE:

What is meant by "voluntary" use of respirator equipment? Voluntary use is when an employee chooses to wear a respirator, even though the use of a respirator is not required by the Location or by any OSHA standard.

1. Respirators are an effective method of protection against designated hazards when properly selected and worn. Respirator use is encouraged, even when exposures are below the exposure limit, to provide an additional level of comfort and protection for workers. However, before any respirator is issued for any use, an evaluation shall be performed by the Program Administrator to determine its necessity and appropriateness. It is also this Location’s policy that any respirator approved for use shall be provided by the Location and no employee shall bring his/her own respirator to the jobsite. If a respirator is used improperly or not kept clean, the respirator itself can become a hazard to the worker. Any employee voluntarily using a respirator, other than a filtering facepiece (true dust masks), must be determined to be medically fit for and prior to its use. If respirators are provided for employee’s voluntary use certain precautions need to be taken to ensure that the respirator itself does not present a hazard. Employees should do the following:

a. Read and heed all instructions provided by the manufacturer on use, maintenance, cleaning and care, and warnings regarding the respirators limitations

b. Choose respirators certified for use to protect against the contaminant of concern. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services certifies respirators. A label or statement of certification should appear on the respirator or respirator packaging. It will tell you what the respirator is designed for and how much it will protect you

c. Do not wear your respirator into atmospheres containing contaminants for which your respirator is not designed to protect against. For example, a respirator designed to filter dust particles will not protect you against gases, vapors, or very small solid particles of fumes or smoke

d. Keep track of your respirator so that you do not mistakenly use someone else’s respirator.

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H. PURCHASE / SELECTION OF RESPIRATORS:

1. Respirator Purchase

The SOHS or CDSO must be contacted prior to purchasing a respirator. The SOHS or CDSO will perform a hazard assessment to determine what level of respiratory protection, if any, is needed. The purchase of appropriate respirators, to include replacement parts, will be the responsibility of the applicable Research Unit. Replacement parts must be purchased from the original manufacturer for a respirator to maintain its NIOSH approval.

2. Respirator options are selected by the SOHS or CDSO. Only respirators certified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety Health (NIOSH) will be chosen. The selection will be based on the physical and chemical properties of the air contaminant, the concentration level likely to be encountered by the employee and other factors such as oxygen concentration. Potential inhalation hazards must be assessed before the correct respirator can be selected. The SOHS or CDSO will assist Research Units in the evaluation and measurement of job hazards and ultimately recommend the type of respirator to be used. Supervisors shall ensure that proper respirators and cartridges are used, based on the employee’s job hazard assessment.

Respirator selection will also be based on the following criteria:

a. Respirators for Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Atmospheres:

A full facepiece pressure demand self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) certified by NIOSH for a minimum service life of thirty minutes, or

A combination full facepiece pressure demand supplied-air respirator (SAR) with auxiliary self-contained air supply.

b. Respirators for atmospheres that are not IDLH. For protection against gases and vapors:

An atmosphere-supplying respirator (supplies the respirator with breathing air from a source independent of the ambient atmosphere, and included supplied-air respirators and self-contained breathing apparatus), or

An air-purifying respirator, provided that:

- The respirator is equipped with and end-of-service-life indicator (ESLI) certified by NIOSH for the contaminant, or

- If there is no ESLI appropriate for conditions in the workplace a canister and cartridge change schedule will be implemented, based on objective information or data, that will ensure canisters and cartridges are changed before the end of their service life.

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Air purifying respirators (employing filters or cartridges to remove gases, mists, and/or particles from air) must NOT be used in:

Atmospheres that are oxygen deficient (< 19.5% oxygen)

Atmospheres immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)

Atmospheres with contaminants that cannot be removed by the respirator cartridge

Atmospheres that contain a contaminant whose concentration exceeds the assigned protection factor (rating) of the respirator.

Atmospheres that contain a contaminant which has poor warning properties.

Atmospheres that contain an unknown contaminant

c. Respirators for atmospheres that are not IDLH. For protection against particulates:

An atmosphere-supplying respirator; or

An air-purifying respirator equipped with a filter certified by NIOSH under 30

CFR Part 11 as a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter, or an air-purifying respirator equipped with a filter with a filter certified for particulates by NIOSH under 42 CFR Part 84; or

For contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) of at least 2 micrometers, an air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter certified for particulates by NIOSH.

Cloth/paper dust mask respirators used voluntarily are limited to use with nuisance dusts only. A cloth/paper dust mask will not filter gases, fumes or very small particles.

d. Emergency situations often require the highest level of respiratory protection. Atmospheres which have not been characterized (monitored) should be treated as though they are IDLH. Supplied-air respirators such as the self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or air-line respirator may be used in these atmospheres. However, emergency situations and IDLH entry must be handled on a case-by-case basis by the SOHS, CDSO, or emergency responders (e.g., Corvallis Fire Department, OSU EH&S Environmental Services, etc.). This will ensure that appropriate hazard assessments and mandatory training and fit testing have been performed.

1. An employee is required to review all standard operating procedures for any given task where potential air quality problems may exist and he/she must be qualified to wear appropriate respirator if one is necessary. The following is a list of example tasks with recommended respirator use:

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Task Exposure Respirator Cartridge

Pesticide Applicator Potential overexposure to toxic pesticides (e.g., Lindane). When applying in confined areas (i.e., greenhouse) with limited ventilations.

Fumigating in poorly ventilated area (e.g., phosphine at 3 parts per million)

(Follow Instructions on Pesticide Label)

Full-Face Air Purifying Respirator

Full-Face Supplied Air Respirator

Organic Vapor/Acid Gas/HEPA filter

Supplied air with continuous Flow

Laboratory Worker Working with hazardous chemicals (i.e., carcinogen, mutagens, teratogens, etc.(e.g., > 7.5 ppm formaldehyde)) outside a properly functioning fumehood

Full-Face Air Purifying Respirator

Cartridge or canister specifically approved for protection against formaldehyde.

Laboratory Worker Working with hazardous powdered chemicals (i.e. acrylamide) inside a properly functioning fumehood

Non-Required – Voluntary Use Dust Mask

N-95 or General Dust Filter

Seed (non-treated) Separator Nuisance Dust below exposure limit Non-Required – Voluntary Use Dust Mask


Cleaning Work Areas Unknown particulate matter Non-Required – Voluntary Use Dust Mask


I. MEDICAL EVALUATION:

1. Respirator use may place a physiological burden on employees that vary with the type of respirator worn, the job and workplace conditions in which the respirator is used, and the medical status of the employee. Therefore, employees requiring the use of a respirator will be medically evaluated prior to being fit tested or required to use a respirator.

a. The medical evaluation will be conducted by an Occupational Health Provider utilizing their medical clearance form.

b. Medical clearance is only required initially and every five years. Individuals may request, at no charge, more frequent medical clearances if justified by significant changes to overall health.

Follow-up medical examinations may be required for employees whose initial medical clearance questionnaire indicates possibly problematic health issues. The follow-up medical examination

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shall include any medical tests, consultations or diagnostic procedures the examiner deems necessary to make a final determination. Pulmonary function tests are only required if the examiner deems them necessary.

Supplemental information must be provided to the examiner before making a recommendation concerning an employee’s ability to use a respirator. This information must include, among other things, the type and weight of the respirator to be used by the employee.

A written recommendation regarding the employee’s ability to use the selected respirator will be obtained from the medical provider. This recommendation must contain the following information:

Any limitations on respirator use related to the medical condition of the employee, or relating to the workplace conditions in which the respirator will be used, including whether or not the employee is medically able to use the respirator;

The need, if any, for follow-up medical evaluations; and

A statement that the medical provider has provided the employee with a copy of their written recommendation.

If a subsequent medical evaluation, of an employee required to wear a powered air purifying respirator (PAPR), determines that the employee is medically able to use a negative pressure respirator, then the Location is no longer required to provide a PAPR.

2. Additional medical evaluations will be provided to the employee if:

a. An employee reports medical signs or symptoms that are related to ability to use a respirator;

b. A medical provider, supervisor or the respirator program administrator informs the Location that the employee needs to be reevaluated;

c. Information from the respiratory protection program, including observations made during fit testing and program evaluation, indicates a need for employee reevaluation; or

d. A change occurs in workplace conditions (e.g., physical work effort, protective clothing and temperature) that may result in a substantial increase in the physiological burden placed on an employee.

3. Funding Respiratory Medical Questionnaire Evaluation or examination:

Research Units are responsible for the cost of the questionnaire evaluations. If a questionnaire evaluation indicates the employee needs an examination by the physician before being approved to wear a respirator, the Research Unit will be responsible for the cost of the examination through the Locations Occupational Medical Surveillance Program (OMSP).

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Although not recommended, the Research Unit may require researchers to pay for their respirators and medical clearance out of their individual accounts, provided it is employer money that is being spent. Some employees may choose to participate in the Location’s OMSP which includes the respiratory protection evaluation, while others may refuse to participate in the OMSP and complete the OSHA Respiratory Medical Questionnaire. All respirator users must be medically cleared before they are fit tested and authorized to wear respirators.

J. FIT TESTING:

Before any employee may be required to use any respirator with a negative or positive pressure tight-fitting facepiece, the employee must be fit tested with the same make, model, style and size of respirator that will be used.

1. For employees using a tight-fitting facepiece respirator, an appropriate qualitative fit test (QLFT) or quantitative fit test (QNFT) must be passed. Employees using tight-fitting facepiece respirators must be fit tested:

a. Prior to initial use of the respirator,

b. Whenever a different respirator facepiece (size, style, model or make) is used, and

c. At least annually thereafter

2. Additional fit tests must be conducted whenever:

a. The employee reports changes in his/her physical condition that could effect respirator fit, or

b. The employer, medical provider, supervisor or program administrator makes visual observations of changes in the employee’s physical condition that could affect respirator fit. Such conditions include, but are not limited to, facial scarring, dental changes, cosmetic surgery or an obvious change in body weight

3. The fit test shall be administered using an OHSA accepted QLFT or QNFT protocol contained in Appendix A. of 29 CFR 1910.134. QLFT may only be used to fit test negative pressure air-purifying respirators that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less [APF≤10]. If the fit factor measured during a QNFT is equal to or greater than 100 for tight-fitting half facepieces, or equal to or greater than 500 [APF≤50] for tight-fitting full facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator.

Fit testing of tight-fitting atmosphere-supplying respirators and tight-fitting powered air-purifying respirators shall be accomplished by performing quantitative or qualitative fit testing in the negative pressure mode, regardless of the mode of operation (negative or positive pressure) that is used for respiratory protection.

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4. The following requirements apply to fit testing atmosphere-supplying and powered air-purifying respirators:

a. Qualitative fit testing of these respirators shall be accomplished by temporarily converting the respirator user’s actual facepiece into a negative pressure respirator with appropriate filters, or by using an identical negative pressure air-purifying respirator facepiece with the same sealing surfaces as surrogate for the atmosphere-supplying or powered air-purifying respirator facepiece

b. Quantitative fit testing of these respirators shall be accomplished by modifying the facepiece to allow sampling inside the facepiece in the breathing zone of the user, midway between the nose and mouth. This requirement shall be accomplished by installing a permanent sampling probe onto a surrogate facepiece, or by using a sampling adapter designed to temporarily provide a means of sampling air from inside the facepiece.

c. Any modifications to the respirator facepiece for fit testing shall be completely removed, and the facepiece restored to NIOSH approved configuration, before that facepiece can be used in the workplace.

K. USE OF RESPIRATORS: The following procedures will be followed to ensure proper use and continued employee protection

by the respiratory equipment:

1. Facepiece Seal Protection. Respirators with tight-fitting facepieces are not permitted to be worn by employees who have:

a. Facial hair that comes between the sealing surface of the facepiece and the face or that interferes with valve function; or

b. Any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function.

2. Continuing Respirator Effectiveness. Employees will leave the respirator use area:

a. To wash their faces and respirator facepieces as necessary to prevent eye or skin irritation associated with respirator use; or

b. If they detect vapor or gas breakthrough, changes in breathing resistance or leakage of the facepiece; or

c. To replace the respirator or the filter, cartridge or canister elements.

3. All employees using a tight-fitting respirator will perform a user seal check to ensure that an adequate seal is achieved each time the respirator is put on. Either the positive and negative pressure checks listed below or the respirator manufacturer’s recommended user seal check method shall be used. User seal checks are not substitutes for qualitative or quantitative fit tests:

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a. Facepiece Positive Pressure Checks: Close off the exhalation valve and exhale gently into the facepiece. The face fit is considered satisfactory if a slight positive pressure can be built up inside the facepiece without any evidence of outward leakage of air at the seal. For most respirators this method of leak testing requires the wearer to first remove the exhalation valve cover before closing off the exhalation valve and then carefully replacing it after the test.

b. Facepiece Negative Pressure Check: Close off the inlet opening of the canister or cartridge(s) by covering with the palm of the hand(s) or by replacing the filter seal(s), inhale gently so that the facepiece collapses slightly, and hold the breath for ten seconds. The design of the inlet opening of some cartridges cannot be effectively covered with the palm of the hand. The test can be performed by covering the inlet opening of the cartridge with a thin latex or nitrile glove. If the facepiece remains in its slightly collapsed condition and no inward leakage of air is detected, the tightness of the respirator is considered satisfactory.

L. MAINTENANCE AND CARE OF RESPIRATORS:

Employees will be provided with a respirator that is clean, sanitary and in good order. Disposable respirators cannot be disinfected, and are therefore assigned to only one person. Disposable respirators must be discarded if they are soiled, physically damaged, or reach the end of their service life.

1. The respirator must be cleaned and disinfected by using the below procedures or by those of the manufacturer, provided that such procedures are of equivalent effectiveness:

a. Remove filters, cartridges, or canisters. Disassemble facepieces by removing speaking diaphragms, demand and pressure-demand valve assemblies, hoses, or any components recommended by the manufacturer. Discard or repair any defective parts.

b. Wash components in warm (43 ºC [110 ºF] maximum) water with a mild detergent or with a cleaner recommended by the manufacturer. A stiff bristle (not wire) brush may be used to facilitate the removal of dirt.

c. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm (43 ºC [110 ºF] maximum), preferably running water. Drain.

d. When the cleaner used does not contain a disinfecting agent, respirator components should be immersed for two minutes in one of the following:

Hypochlorite solution (50 ppm of chlorine) made by adding approximately one milliliter of laundry bleach to one liter of water at 43 ºC (110 ºF); or,

Aqueous solution of iodine (50 ppm iodine) made by adding approximately 0.8 milliliters of tincture of iodine (6-8 grams ammonium and/or potassium iodide/100 cc of 45% alcohol) to one liter of water at 43 ºC (110 ºF); or,

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Other commercially available cleansers of equivalent disinfectant quality when used as directed, if their use is recommended or approved by the manufacturer.

e. Rinse components thoroughly in clean, warm (43 ºC [110 ºF] maximum), preferably running water. Drain. The importance of thorough rinsing cannot be overemphasized. Detergents or disinfectants that dry on facepieces may result in dermatitis. In addition, some disinfectants may cause deterioration of rubber or corrosion of metal parts if not completely removed.

f. Components should be hand-dried with a clean lint-free cloth or air-dried. Do not hand to dry.

2. Once the respirator is clean, rinsed and dried:

a. Reassemble facepiece, replacing filters, cartridges, and canisters where necessary.

b. Test the respirator to ensure all components work properly.

c. Store the respirators in a sealable container in a clean and dry place out of direct sunlight, extreme temperatures and away from harmful chemicals. Label container with respirator users name or develop a system to ensure respirator users do not use another person’s respirator.

d. Store the cartridges in a separate sealable container or bag to prevent contaminating the respirator.

3. Before putting a respirator on, the user shall inspect the respirator for defects and cleanliness. This shall be done every time a respirator is put on. The respirator shall also be inspected after taking it off prior to putting it in storage. Respirator inspection shall include a check of the tightness of connections and the condition of the facepiece, headbands, valves, connecting tubes and canisters. Rubber or elastomer parts shall be inspected for pliability and signs of deterioration. Inspections shall also include any manufacturer’s recommendations.

The employee shall report any instance of a defective or ineffective respirator to the Program Administrator immediately. Respirators that fail an inspection or are otherwise found to be defective will be removed from service and discarded or referred to the manufacturer for repair. No local repairs of respirators are authorized at the Location.

M. TRAINING AND INFORMATION:

All employees required to wear respiratory protection equipment will receive training that will be comprehensive, understandable and recur annually and more often if necessary.

1. At a minimum the training will ensure the employee can demonstrate knowledge of the following:

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a. Why the respirator is necessary and how improper fit, usage or maintenance can comprise the protective effect of the respirator

b. The limitations and capabilities of the respirator

c. Factors that may inhibit proper respirator fit

d. How to use the respirator effectively in emergency situations, including situations in which the respirator malfunctions

e. How to inspect, put on and remove, use and check the seals of the respirator

f. The procedures for maintenance and storage of the respirator

g. How to recognize medical signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent the effective use of respirators; and

h. The general requirements of OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134, Respiratory Protection Standard.

2. Retraining shall be administered annually, and when the following situations occur:

a. Changes in the workplace or the type of respirator render previous training obsolete

b. Inadequacies in the staff’s knowledge or use of the respirator indicate the staff or has not retained the requisite understanding or skill; or

c. Any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary to ensure safe respirator use.

3. Employees who supervise respirator users must complete respiratory protection training to ensure supervisor are aware of the Location’s Respiratory Protection Program requirements. However, it is not necessary for the supervisor to be fit-tested unless he/she will also wear a respirator in the workplace.

N. PROGRAM EVALUATION:

On a continuing basis, evaluations of the workplace will be conducted to ensure that the written respiratory protection program is being properly implemented, and to consult employees to ensure that they are using the respirator properly.

1. The following factors will be assessed and any problems identified will be corrected:

a. Respirator fit (including the ability to use the respirator without interfering with effective workplace performance)

b. Appropriate respirator selection for the hazards to which the employee is exposed

c. Proper respirator use under the workplace conditions the employee encounters; and

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d. Proper respirator maintenance.

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Sharps Disposal Plan

Introduction:In a lab, sharps are many objects that are obvious, such as needles, razor blades, and scalpel blades. Other items are not so obvious but can still cause puncture injuries when handled: disposable pipettes, broken Petri dishes, any glass or brittle plastic waste. All sharps are capable of causing harm and must be handled appropriately.

Glass SharpsUncontaminated broken glass or glass consumables with sharp edges (such as microscope slides) should be carefully collected and placed in the broken glass receptacle in the lab. When the glass receptacle is full the top should be taped up and the entire container thrown into the regular trash. Never reuse a glass receptacle. Waste that has microbiological contamination should be collected in a separate container that is puncture resistant, well marked, and can be safely closed. This waste should be autoclaved and, once cooled, can be dumped into the main glass receptacle or closed (and taped) up and placed directly into the downstairs dumpster.

Plastic Sharps: Plastic sharps include pipette tips, broken plastic petri dishes, or other brittle plastic material with sharp edges. The risk of puncturing yourself is less than with other types of sharps. Injury is still possible, however, especially for the custodial staff who may not be aware of the pipette tips when they grab garbage bags for disposal. To avoid this risk you must collect plastic waste and pipette tips in a separate waste container that is puncture resistant, well marked, and can be safely closed. Examples include empty and rinsed chemical containers and plastic pipette tip containers. Once full this container can be securely closed, placed in a plastic bag, and then placed directly into the downstairs dumpster. If there is microbiological contamination on the plastic sharps then this container and its contents must be autoclaved before disposal. Carefully place the collection container with a loosened lid in the autoclave and immediately start a cycle. Be aware that the plastic will melt during the autoclave cycle. Once cooled, the bag containing the waste can be placed directly into the downstairs dumpster.

Metal Sharps: The disposal of needles, razor blades, scalpel blades, is regulated by the state of Oregon. Sharps disposal containers allowed by Oregon regulations are commercially available red, leak-proof, rigid, puncture-resistant containers and must have the universal biohazard symbol. They must be disposed of by incineration (whether contaminated or non-contaminated). Once the sharps container is “full” (i.e. the sharps level reaches the manufacturers fill line) you must notify the Safety personnel to pick the container up for proper disposal. Obtaining replacement containers is the responsibility of the research group.

Syringes: In accordance with regulation from the state of Oregon syringes, regardless of whether they have a needle attached to them or not, are required to be disposed of in the same way as metal sharps. Never attempt to remove a needle to reuse a syringe!

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Chemical Contamination: If there is chemical contamination on any of the sharp materials then they should be segregated from non-contaminated materials to avoid cross contamination. Do not autoclave materials with chemical contamination! Notify the Safety personnel for disposal of sharps with chemical contamination, preferentially before the work starts and before the waste is generated!

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Warning Signs and Hazard LabelsThe purpose of this document is to describe the types of labeling for hazardous materials and the common warning signs that you might encounter in your workplace. This is a “cheat-sheet” you can use to quickly identify the hazards of the materials you work with.

NFPA 704 Symbol:

The NFPA 704 sticker allows the handler to quickly, at a glance, gauge the hazard level of a particular material. The “diamond” is divided into four categories: Fire Hazard, Health Hazard, Reactivity, and Specific Hazard. In each of the top three categories there is a number from 0 to 4; 0 meaning there is no risk or very little risk and 4 meaning that the material is VERY DANGEROUS and mishandling or exposure to even a small amount of this material could be FATAL. You must report possession of any level “4” materials (in any category) to the Safety and Occupational Health Specialist!

Materials with a “2” can typically be handled safely using prudent lab practices. The use of materials with a “3” or greater should be carefully thought out in order to prevent accidents or exposures.

The “Specific Hazard” gives some limited information regarding the material class and can be used to improve material storage procedures. In general, there should be storage areas dedicated to acids, oxidizers, and alkalis in order to keep them separate from each other.

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Global Harmonized System (GHS): Below are symbols you should see on the containers for recently purchased materials. The GHS is the internationally accepted standard for hazard labeling on materials and will replace older symbols on newer manufacture labels. Below is an explanation of each symbol:

Flammables: Flammable materials are easily ignited and cause a HOT and QUICKLY SPREADING fire. A fire originating from a flammable material would be difficult to control, burns very hot, and would spread quickly. Extensive property damage and personal injury would be the likely result. Therefore it is extremely important to prevent flammable liquid (and vapors!) from contacting an ignition source – e.g. hot plates, electrical equipment (even radio or thermostats in refrigerators), Bunsen burners, heated inoculation loops, ovens, autoclaves, etc.Flammable materials should be stored in small quantities and in an approved locker and container.

Oxidizers: These materials generate OXYGEN when reacted or heated. For this reason they can cause ordinary materials to combust (catch on fire) violently or even explode under certain conditions. They typically react (upon mixing) with flammable materials very exothermically which leads to the ignition of a very aggressive fire. They can cause a fire to spread much quicker and burn much hotter than it ordinarily would.

Oxidizers should be segregated from strong acids/bases and from flammables.Severe Acute Toxicity: These materials are capable of causing damage to organs, impairment, or even death if absorbed through the skin, inhaled, or ingested. These materials should only be used in a fume hood and every precaution should be taken to prevent skin contact. Work with these materials should be preceded with a hazard assessment; a formal, documented step-wise review of how the material will be safely handled.

Corrosives: Corrosives are attack tissue and materials on contact – generally causing IRREVERSIBLE damage. Some are able to diffuse through the skin and attack underlying tissue, even bone! Lab coats, gloves, and safety goggles are critical requirements for working with corrosives. Safety showers and eyewash stations should be close by.Corrosives should be stored away from flammables and oxidizers and should NEVER BE MIXED with other materials without a careful review of the reaction outcome.

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Gases Under Pressure: Materials in this category are typically compressed gas cylinders, such as CO2 or N2 gas tanks used with analytical equipment. Because of the immense pressures involved there is a significant risk of a CATASTROPHIC release of the compressed gas. That release could cause the tank to be propelled across a room with great force or the gas could displace the oxygen in a room (possibly leading to asphyxiation). Compressed gas cylinders should be secured to a wall (via a chain or strap), capped when not in use, and placed either outside or in large rooms with good ventilation.Irritant: These materials can cause “irritation” to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. Depending on the material the irritation could be mild or severe and could last from a matter of hours to several weeks or longer.

Though less hazardous than “Severe Acute Toxicity” materials, exposure to these materials may cause major discomfort or may even require hospitalization to recover and pain relief. They should be handled prudently to prevent inhalation, skin contact, or inadvertent ingestion.

Special Category Hazard: You will need to read the material label or the MSDS to determine the precise hazard. Some possibilities include:

Carcinogen: A carcinogen is capable of promoting cancer growth. Exposure to material does not guarantee that you will develop cancer; rather, it increases your RISK of developing cancer in your life time.

Respiratory Sensitizer: An over-exposure to this material will cause changes to the biology of your respiratory system which will cause you to experience asthma-like symptoms when exposed to a trigger. The trigger could be subsequent exposure to the material or could be normal pollutants in the environment (odors, perfumes, pollen, dust, vehicle exhaust, etc.)

Reproductive Toxicity: May cause damage to an unborn fetus, sexual organs, or gametes. Men and women of reproductive age should be informed and take special precautions when handling this material.

Target Organ Toxicity: This material attacks a specific organ (e.g. liver) or a number of specific organs. The damage is cumulative and certain combinations of materials may act synergistically to multiply the damage (e.g. alcohol and aspirin).

Mutagencity: Materials capable of causing damage to DNA – possibly leading to damage to the normal function of the body, including irreversible damage to the reproductive system.

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Environmental toxicity: There is evidence that demonstrates that this material is toxic to animals and plant. It is likely to be toxic to humans as well (see other symbols).Special care should be taken to avoid releasing this material into the environment. For example, environmental toxins should not be poured down the drain without prior approval from the safety officer.

Explosives: Self-explanatory. When heated or roughly handled these materials can EXPLODE causing property damage and personal injury from the force of the blast and any ensuing fire. Materials in this category can also EXPLODE if mixed with INCOMPATIBLE materials, i.e. materials that this material reacts with violently.You must report the possession of any EXPLOSIVE material to the Safety Officer!

Other signs and labels encountered around the Location:

Danger – Pesticides: This sign is intended to inform someone not to enter a greenhouse or field because pesticides were recently applied. Until the responsible pesticide applicator removes the sign you may only enter the area under very restricted conditions – contact your supervisor for more information about these restrictions.If a smaller version of this sign has been posted to individual potted plants then that means that the individual potted plant has been treated and may have pesticide residue. Contact with that plant is prohibited until the sign is removed.

Tagged Equipment: The maintenance personnel occasionally need to “tag out” a device because it isn’t functioning correctly and may be dangerous to operate. They may use a tag similar to what is shown on the left. Regardless of what notification method is used you must follow its instructions. Operating equipment that has been locked out could cause property damage or personal injury to yourself or others.

Radioactive Materials: Some research groups use radioactive materials in their research. This includes radioisotopes or equipment that contains a radioactive source. These materials have very low activity and are stored in a manner that eliminates radiation exposure to those around it. We are required by the NRC to post these signs even though there is negligible risk to you unless you are actively handling the materials. Access to rooms containing radioactive materials are restricted (and locked). You must receive training and registration from the USDA Radiation Safety Division before you may use radioactive material for your research.

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http://www.google.com/imgres?q=radioactive+material&hl=en&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:en-us:IE-SearchBox&biw=1280&bih=521&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=Qc2FIoHh80O3TM:&imgrefurl=http://chemicaldragon.com/cbrn_nco_room&docid=_LNHdg4umj0u1M&imgurl=http://chemicaldragon.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/rad_sign.35095556.jpg&w=589&h=795&ei=aFIHT8jWIqz-iQLm4pmqCQ&zoom=1

Worker Protection Standard

IntroductionThe Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has required that all agricultural workers who work

in greenhouses or in fields where pesticides could be applied must be informed of the dangers of pesticides and how to protect themselves.

This regulation, called the “Worker Protection Standard (WPS)”, requires awareness training even if the worker will not enter the applied area until after the restricted entry time.

OSU student employees can receive WPS training through Greenhouse Operations at Oregon State. See this webpage for more information: http://agsci.oregonstate.edu/greenhouse/policies/wps

This training excludes agricultural workers who are licensed pesticide handlers and receive their pesticide training through other venues.

Training Requirements:The supervisor is required to ensure that any new employee working with and/or around pesticides is given the following WPS training:

1. A walkthrough the work area. To include the location and familiarization with:

a. The central location of pesticide application information.

b. The WPS Safety Poster.

c. How to obtain emergency medical treatment can be obtained.

d. Emergency protective equipment that is on hand.

e. How the dates, times, type, and treatment areas for pesticide applications are documented and posted.

f. How treated areas are posted with warning signs.

g. Additional methods of notifying nearby workers of pesticide applications

h. How to interpret and follow Restricted-Entry Intervals (REI).

i. Where hand washing facilities are.

2. A discussion of the health effects and routes of entry for pesticides commonly used in the area.

3. A discussion of how watering, pesticide applications, and other service requests are communicated to the Greenhouse Manager.

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http://agsci.oregonstate.edu/greenhouse/policies/wps

Training Materials:Documenting that this training was given and what training materials are used is critical to meeting

the EPA’s requirement.

New Federal employees, if they onboarded through the Location Administrative Office, were handed an EPA publication entitled “Protect Yourself from Pesticides”. The SOHS will go through this publication during the employee’s first day when they come into the administrative office for onboarding. Having the new employee read through this publication or going through it together meets the requirement for awareness training.

The folks at Washington State University Extension created a great film that also meets the EPA’s requirement for awareness training. This is the same video shown by OSU’s greenhouse operations and we have received permission from the copyright holders to post it on our intranet. Please, do not make copies.

The SOHS has a copy of this video available for loan. The video can also be accessed electronically on the intranet. One option is to click on the links below:

a. HCRU Link: – i. Part 1: \\HCRL4\Everyone\Safety_SHEM\WPS_Video\VIDEO_TS\VTS_01_1.WMV

ii. Part 2: \\HCRL4\Everyone\Safety_SHEM\WPS_Video\VIDEO_TS\VTS_01_2.WMVb. FSCRU Link –

i. Part 1: \\Data3\everyon3\safety\videos\video_ts\VTS_01_1.vobii. Part 2: \\Data3\everyon3\safety\videos\video_ts\VTS_01_2.vob

c. NCGR Link – i. Part 1: Y:\NCGR\SAFETY\Safety_Videos\Lab_Safety_Video\Video_TS\VTS_01_1.WMV

ii. Part 2: Y:\NCGR\SAFETY\Safety_Videos\Lab_Safety_Video\Video_TS\VTS_01_2.WMV

Windows users: Another option is to go “Start -> Run” on your computer and type in “wmplayer [ADDRESS OF VIDEO]” such as seen here:

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If the file has a different file extension than what Windows Media Player (WMP) recognizes you may get this warning. By clicking “Yes” you are telling WMP to play it anyways, which it should be able to:

The default media player for Macintosh users should also be able to open this content.

Contact the SOHS if you are still having trouble accessing the videos.

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