Standard First Aid Lecture

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Standard First Aid Characteristics of a Good First Aider “GROTER” Gentle Should not cause pain Resourceful Should make the best use of things out of hand Observant Should notice all signs Tactful Should not alarm the victim

Transcript of Standard First Aid Lecture

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Standard First AidCharacteristics of a Good First Aider

“GROTER”Gentle

Should not cause painResourceful

Should make the best use of things out of handObservant

Should notice all signsTactful

Should not alarm the victim

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Standard First AidEmpathetic

Should be comfortingRespectable

Should maintain a professional and caring attitude

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Soft Tissue InjuriesWounds

Is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either internal or external

2 Classification of wounds:Closed Wound

Contusion or bruisesS/ Sx

Redness/ Hematoma/ Discoloration Pain and tenderness Swelling Any indication of internal bleeding (hematuria, hematemesis, blood on mouth,

nose or ear canal)

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First Aid Management“ICES”ImmobilizeCompress- cold/ ice applicationElevateSplint

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Open Wound“PALAI”PuntureAbrasionLacerationAvulsionIncisionS/Sx

Oozing blood either bright or dark red

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First Aid Management“4C’s”Control bleedingCover the wound with a dressing and secure bandageCare for shockConsult or refer to the physicianHome Care ManagementClean the wound with soap an waterCover the wound with dressing and bandage

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Specific Body InjuriesBlows to the eye

Chemical burnEye knocked outForeign objects

NosebleedsKnocked out toothedImpaled objectsAmputationsSucking chest woundsAbdominal injuries

Protruding organs

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ShockIs a depressed condition of many body functions due to failure of

enough blood to circulate throughout the body following serious injury

Major causesHeart failureMassive vasodilationHemorrhage/ severe blood loss

S/SxHypoTTPallor/ cyanosisWeaknessDilated pupilsUnconciousness

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Objectives of First Aid:Ensure an adequate supply of oxygenImprove circulation of the bloodMaintain normal body temperatureManagement of Shock:Proper transferProper body positionProper temperatureProper IVF

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Bandaging TechniqueHeadFace, Back of the headHand, FootForehead, Eye, EarArm, LegPalm Pressure, Palm Bandage (open hand)Elbow, Knee

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Bones, Joints, and Muscle InjuriesCausesFallsSportsTypes:Muscle cramps

Painful tightening of a muscleStretch the affected muscleMassage firmly and gentlyApply moist heat

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StrainPainful tearing of muscle fiber

SprainTorn fibers in a ligament

DislocationDisplacement of a bone from its normal position a joint

FractureBreak or disruption in bone tissue

Management:ICES

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SplintingMechanical Anatomical

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Transfer One Man Carry

Assist to walkCarry in armsPack strap carryPiggy back carryFireman’s carryBlanket drag

Two Man AssistAssist to walkFour hand seatHand as a litterCarry by extremities

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Three Man CarryHammock Carry

Four/ six/ eight man carryUse of commercial stretcher

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Emergency Action PrinciplesSurvey the scene

Is the scene is safe?What happened?How many people are injured?Get consent

Do a primary surveyCheck for responsivenessCheck ABC

Activate Medical Assistance

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What happened LocationNumber of persons injuredExtent of injury and first aid given

Do the secondary surveyDCAPBTLS

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Other Common EmergenciesHeat cramps

A muscle pain and spasm due to largely loss of salt from the body in sweating

Heat exhaustion/ heat strokeCollapse due to excessive loss of salt and waterS/Sx

Heavy perspiration Weakness, lightheadedness Muscle ramps in the abdomen/ legs

First Aid Have a rest Cool the victim Give electrolyte beverages Massage

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HypoglycemiaToo low blood sugar levelTIREDTremorsIrritabilityRestlessnessExcessive hungerDiaphoresis Give candy, cola, juice

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SeizureInvoluntary muscle contraction due to uncontrolled activity in

the brainS/Sx

Sudden loss of consciousness Drooling, frothing mouth Twitching part of the body

First Aid Side lying, flat position Do not touch the patient Monitor ABC while on seizure activity Note the duration of the seizure Provide safety

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