Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War

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Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War 24.Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South)

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Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War 24.Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South). The South. Southern Economy. Before the American Revolution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Standard: 21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War

Standard:

21.Demonstrate knowledge of the causes, effects, and major events of the Civil War

24.Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South)

The South

Southern Economy

• Before the American Revolution– Southern crops included: tobacco, rice,

indigo• After Revolution

– Cotton was king

Eli Whitney’s cotton gin

• Removed seeds from cotton– “… one man and a horse will do more than

fifty men and the old machines.–Eli Whitney

Cotton Boom• Cotton was so

profitable Southern families abandoned other crops

• The removal of Native Americans opened up more land– Plantations grew– Cotton production

boomed

Cotton Belt

• Cotton production spread as far west as Texas

Advantage of Cotton as a Cash Crop• It cost little to

market• It could be stored

for a long time»But …

• It quickly depleted the soil– Farmers turned to

crop rotation• To grow a

different crop in a field each year

• It took many field hand to grow and harvest cotton– Led to an increase

in the slave trade

Cotton Trade• The South became a

major player in world trade

• Great Britain was a valuable trade partner

• The South also traded with Northeast textile mills

• This led to the growth of major port cities

– Charleston, South Carolina

– Savannah, George

– New Orleans, Louisiana

Other Crops grown in the South

• Food crops– Corn – the primary

food crop– Rice– Wheat– Sweet potatoes– Sugar cane

• Cash crops– Tobacco– Hemp

• For rope and cloth

Industry in the South

• Cotton mills• Steam power

sawmills• Iron works

Tredegar Iron Works

• The only factory in the south to produce bridge materials, cannons, and steam engines

• Southern factories faced stiff competition from the North and England

• Review– Pg 419 #1a-c, 2a&b, 3a&b

Southern Society

• Only about 1/3 of white southern families had plantations with slaves

• But owners of these plantations greatly influenced Southern economy

Plantations

• Men – raised crops, supervised slave laborers, and discussed political issues

• Women – raised children, supervised household slaves, and hosted dances and dinner

Marriage

• Parents arranged their children’s marriages– Usually based

on business interests

Yeomen and Poor Whites

• Yeomen – owners of small farms– They owned few or no slaves– The entire family worked the farm

Urban Life• Southern cities had

public water systems and well maintained streets

• Slaves in the city worked:– As Domestic

Servants – In mills– In shipyards– At skilled jobs

Religion and Society

• Most white southerners had similar religious beliefs

• With plantations miles apart, they often only saw their neighbors at church events– Socials– Revivals

Wealthy White Southerners

• They thought their religion – Justified

their position in society

– Justified the institution of slavery.

• They felt that God created some people to rule others

Free African Americans• There were more than 250,000

in the South and included:– Descendants of slaves freed

after the American Revolution

– Descendants of the Haiti revolution

– Former slave who ran away– Former slaves who had been

freed– Former slaves who paid for

their freedom

• Some worked on farms• Some worked as laborers

on plantations• Some worked as skilled

artisans

Discrimination• Laws were passed to prevent free African

Americans from:– Voting– Traveling freely– Transacting business freely

• They were required they have a white person with them

• Many Southerners believed African Americans could not take care of themselves

“the status of slavery is the only one for which the African is adapted”

- A white Mississippian

• Review– Pg 423 #1a-c, 2a-c

The Slave System• Most slaves worked

in rural areas on farms and plantations

• Supervisors, sometimes a slave, made sure orders

were followed and punishment carried out

Work in the Field• Gang-labor

system• All field hands

worked on the same task at the same time– They worked from

sunup to sundown– Workers included

men, women, and children over 10

– Sickness and poor weather did not stop work

Work in the Home• Some slaves worked

in the home as butlers, cooks, or nurses

• They usually had better food, clothes and shelter than field slaves

• Were required to be available 24 hours a day

Skilled Jobs• Some slaves worked as

blacksmiths or carpenters

• And sometimes sold their services to other people

– The money went to the owner, but occasionally owners would let the slave keep some• Some slaves saved enough to free

themselves and sometimes their family

Life Under Slavery• Slaves were

viewed as property• Bought and sold

for a profit– Usually at a

slave auction• Families were

often split apart

• Sometimes freed blacks were kidnapped and sold into slavery

Living Conditions• Slaves lived in dirt floor cabins with few

furnishings and leaky roofs• They wore simple cheap clothing of coarse

cloth

• Food rations were small– Some slaves

kept small gardens for vegetables, or had chickens

Slave Culture• Family was very important in the slave

community– They feared separation more than

punishment

History and Traditions• Was passed down from

parents to children through folktales– Stories included

tricksters where animals often represented slaves

– These stories reassured the slaves that they could survive by outsmarting slaveholders

Religion• Was a very important

part of slave culture• Many slaves were

Christians

– They saw themselves like slaves of the Old Testament• God’s

chosen people

• They believed that someday they would live in freedom

• Slaves sang spirituals that blended traditional African religion with Christianity

• They worshiped in secret, out of sight of slaveholders– The invisible institution

Seeds of Rebellion

• Slaves rebelled daily in small ways– They worked slower to protest long hours

in the fields– They an away for a few days– They tried to escape, risking severe

punishment• Some went to visit relatives• Some left permanently

–Thousands succeeded

Slave Uprisings

• Slave revolts were few, but white southerners lived in fear of them

• Two rebellions were stopped before they began

– Gabriel Prosser• Richmond, Virginia

– Denmark Vesey• Charleston, South

Carolina

Nat Turner’s Rebellion• He was a slave from

Southampton, Virginia

• He believed God told him to end slavery

• He led a group of slaves in a plan to kill all slaveholders and their families

– He began with his owners, then went through the community• They killed 60

white people

• 100 innocent slaves were killed in the attempt to stop the rebellion

• Turner led authorities on a countrywide chase for 6 weeks

• He was caught, brought to trial, made to confess, and was executed

• As a result of the rebellion many states strengthened their slave codes

• Despite resistance slavery continued to spread – Many northerners began to press for racial

equality and abolitionists worked to put an to end slavery

• Review – Pg 429 #1a&b, 2a&b, 3a&b, 4a&b

• Next up …

New Movements in America