Component 1: Stakeholder perceptions of fire & hazeRachel Carmenta, Jacob Phelps, Willy Daeli, Aiora Zabala

Fire & Haze from Sumatran peatlands: a “wicked” environmental problem because...• No easy or technical solutions, especially on peatland

• Hotly contested, political issues, multiple scales, sectors and actors

Tropical peatland fires and transboundary haze

Agroindustry

Singaporean decision-makers

Small farmers

Hired labourers

Local & national decision-makers

External Investors

What are the stakeholder perceptions?An application of Q method (> 200 interviews with diverse stakeholders)• Benefits, burdens of fire: 31 statements on a scale of importance • Solutions to fire: 40 statements on a scale of effectiveness

How is this helpful?

This new information can:• Clarify debates / positions / coalitions• Provide boundary object for

negotiations• Identify contentious issues• Identify agreement areas

• Debunk “myths”• Compliment remote sensing spatial

analysis

Initial analysis (i): benefits and burdensDistinct discourses (n = 6) characterized by scale:

Agricultural development prioritiesConservationDiplomatic tensions Economic focusSocial focus

among others

Distinct discourses (n = 6) characterized by scale: Agricultural development prioritiesConservationDiplomatic tensions Economic focusSocial focus

among others

Which actors form coalitions in which discourse?

Initial analysis (i): benefits and burdens

Initial analysis (ii): solutionsHigh variability in perceptions regarding solutionsDistinct discourses (n = 8) characterized by:

Awareness raisingCulpabilityEnforcementResponsibilityTechnical relianceTemporal dimension

High variability in perceptions regarding solutionsDistinct discourses (n = 8) characterized by:

Awareness raisingCulpabilityEnforcementResponsibilityTechnical relianceTemporal dimension

Which actors form coalitions in which discourse?

Initial analysis (ii): solutions

Initial analysis (iii): seeking agreement in solutions

- The most effective solutions are the most contentious and include: revoking rogue company licenses, increased use of canals

- Canal use is the solution option generating most disagreement

- Measures need to be actor specific: whilst all actors are to blame (companies, investors, smallholders etc) enforcement against smallholders and laborers is deemed ineffective, while against companies considered highly effective

- There is no strong solution (ve+ or ve-) agreed by all, rather agreement is with solutions ranking 0 (e.g. RSPO sanctions and raising environmental standards)

Next steps for analysis and engagement: Fire and Haze C1

AnalysisRefining our interpretation of the factors (discourses)Identify which stakeholders are populating which discoursesLinking position in costs benefits discourse, to that in solutionAnalyze the perceived effectiveness and degree of agreement on

solution options in current discussions and practice.

EngagementResults on solutions to COPStakeholder workshop in Pekanbaru Multi Criteria Evaluation on solutions