Stair Cases3

Stair CasesStair Cases

StairStair: : It is a set of steps leading from one floor to the It is a set of steps leading from one floor to the other.other.

Technical terms:Technical terms: Step:Step: It is a portion of stair which permits It is a portion of stair which permits

ascent or descent. It is comprised of tread and ascent or descent. It is comprised of tread and a riser. A stair is composed of a set of steps.a riser. A stair is composed of a set of steps.

Tread:Tread: It is the upper horizontal portion of a It is the upper horizontal portion of a step upon which the foot is placed while step upon which the foot is placed while ascending or descending.ascending or descending.

Riser:Riser: It is the vertical portion of a step It is the vertical portion of a step providing a support to the tread.providing a support to the tread.

Flight:Flight: This is defined as an unbroken series This is defined as an unbroken series of steps between landings.of steps between landings.

Landings:Landings: It is the level platform at the top or It is the level platform at the top or bottom of a flight between the floors. A landing bottom of a flight between the floors. A landing facilitates change of direction and provides an facilitates change of direction and provides an opportunity for taking rest during the use of the stair.opportunity for taking rest during the use of the stair.

Rise:Rise: It is the vertical distance between two It is the vertical distance between two successive tread faces.successive tread faces.

Going:Going: It is the horizontal distance between two It is the horizontal distance between two successive riser faces.successive riser faces.

Nosing:Nosing: It is the projecting part of the tread It is the projecting part of the tread beyond the face of the rises. It is usually rounded off beyond the face of the rises. It is usually rounded off from architectural considerations.from architectural considerations.

Scotia:Scotia: It is a moulding provided under the Nosing It is a moulding provided under the Nosing to improve the elevation of the step, and to provide to improve the elevation of the step, and to provide strength to Nosing.strength to Nosing.

SoffitSoffit: It is under side of a stair. : It is under side of a stair.

Hand RailHand Rail: It is a rounded or moulded : It is a rounded or moulded member of wood or metal following generally the member of wood or metal following generally the contour of Nosing line, and fixed on the top of contour of Nosing line, and fixed on the top of balusters balusters

BalusterBaluster: It is a vertical member of wood or : It is a vertical member of wood or metal supporting the hand rail.metal supporting the hand rail.

Newel PostNewel Post: Newel Post is a vertical : Newel Post is a vertical member which is placed at the ends of flights to member which is placed at the ends of flights to connect the ends of strings and handrail.connect the ends of strings and handrail.

Strings or StringersStrings or Stringers: These are the : These are the sloping members which support the steps in a sloping members which support the steps in a stair. They run along the slope of the stairs. stair. They run along the slope of the stairs.

Dimensions Of StepsDimensions Of Steps For comfortable ascent and descent, the rise and For comfortable ascent and descent, the rise and

tread of a step should be well proportioned.tread of a step should be well proportioned. The following thumb rules are followedThe following thumb rules are followed (2XRise in cm)+ (Going in cm)=60(2XRise in cm)+ (Going in cm)=60 (Rise in cm)+ (Going in cm)=40 to 45(Rise in cm)+ (Going in cm)=40 to 45 (Rise in cm X Going in cm)=400 to 450(Rise in cm X Going in cm)=400 to 450 Adopt Rise=14 cm and going =30cm as standard Adopt Rise=14 cm and going =30cm as standard

measurement.measurement. The other combinations for Rise and Going would The other combinations for Rise and Going would

be 15 cm X 28 cm; 16 cm X 26 cm; 17 cm X 24 cm.be 15 cm X 28 cm; 16 cm X 26 cm; 17 cm X 24 cm. For residential buildings the common size of steps is For residential buildings the common size of steps is

16 cm X 26 cm 16 cm X 26 cm

Classification of StairsClassification of Stairs Stairs can be classified broad headsStairs can be classified broad heads:: 1. Straight Stairs1. Straight Stairs 2.Turning Stairs2.Turning Stairs(i). Quarter Turn stairs(i). Quarter Turn stairs(ii). Half Turn Stairs(ii). Half Turn Stairs(iii). Three Quarter Turn Stairs(iii). Three Quarter Turn Stairs(iv). Bifurcated Stairs.(iv). Bifurcated Stairs.Each of the Turning stairs are of 3 types.Each of the Turning stairs are of 3 types.(a). Newel Stairs(a). Newel Stairs(b). Well or open Newel Stairs (b). Well or open Newel Stairs (c). Geometrical Stairs(c). Geometrical Stairs

Newel StairNewel Stair: : A Newel stair is the one which A Newel stair is the one which has a Newel at the foot and head of each of the has a Newel at the foot and head of each of the stair. A Newel may be introduced at the bottom stair. A Newel may be introduced at the bottom and top of a stair.and top of a stair.

Well or Open Newel StairWell or Open Newel Stair: : In this stairs In this stairs lateral space is left between the turning flights.lateral space is left between the turning flights.

Geometrical StairsGeometrical Stairs: : These stairs have the These stairs have the strings and head rails continuous and are set strings and head rails continuous and are set out in accordance with Geometrical principles. out in accordance with Geometrical principles. It requires care and good deal of skill in their It requires care and good deal of skill in their construction. They are not so imposing as construction. They are not so imposing as Open Newel type and are comparatively weak.Open Newel type and are comparatively weak.

Straight StairsStraight Stairs In this type the stair runs straight In this type the stair runs straight

between the two floors. It is used for between the two floors. It is used for small house where there are small house where there are restrictions in available width. restrictions in available width.

The stair may consist of either one The stair may consist of either one single flight or more than one flight single flight or more than one flight with a landing.with a landing.

Turning StairsTurning Stairs Quarter Turn stairQuarter Turn stair: this stair is the one : this stair is the one

which changes its direction either to the left or which changes its direction either to the left or to the right, the run being effected either by to the right, the run being effected either by introducing a quarter space landing or by introducing a quarter space landing or by providing winders.providing winders.

Quarter Turn Stairs are of 2 typesQuarter Turn Stairs are of 2 types Newel Quarter Turn StairsNewel Quarter Turn Stairs: These stairs : These stairs

have Newel Posts at the beginning and end of have Newel Posts at the beginning and end of each flighteach flight

Geometrical Quarter Turn StairsGeometrical Quarter Turn Stairs: In : In this stairs the stringer as well as hand rail is this stairs the stringer as well as hand rail is continuous without newel post at the landing.continuous without newel post at the landing.

Newel Quarter Turn Stairs

Geometrical Quarter Turn Stair cases

Half Turn StairsHalf Turn Stairs Half Turn Stair is the one which has its direction Half Turn Stair is the one which has its direction

reversed or changed for 180reversed or changed for 1800.0. Such stairs are Such stairs are quite common. This may of 3 typesquite common. This may of 3 types

(i) Dog legged or Newel half turn stairs(i) Dog legged or Newel half turn stairs (ii). Open Newel Half Turn stair(ii). Open Newel Half Turn stair (iii). Geometrical Half Turn stairs(iii). Geometrical Half Turn stairs Dog legged stairs: This name is given because Dog legged stairs: This name is given because

of its appearance in sectional elevation. It of its appearance in sectional elevation. It comes under the category of Newel stair in comes under the category of Newel stair in which Newel posts are provided at the which Newel posts are provided at the beginning and end of each flight. beginning and end of each flight.

Open Newel Half Turn StairsOpen Newel Half Turn Stairs Open Newel Half Turn Stair has a space are Open Newel Half Turn Stair has a space are

well between the outer strings. This is the only well between the outer strings. This is the only aspect in which it differs from the Dog Legged aspect in which it differs from the Dog Legged stairs.stairs.

Geometrical Half Turn StairsGeometrical Half Turn Stairs The essential Features of such stairs are that The essential Features of such stairs are that

the stringers and the handrails are continuous the stringers and the handrails are continuous without any intervening Newel Post.without any intervening Newel Post.

This may be either with half space landing or This may be either with half space landing or without landing.without landing.

Open Newel Half Turn Stairs

Geometrical Half Turn Stair Cases

Three Quarter Turn StairsThree Quarter Turn Stairs This stair has its direction changed three times This stair has its direction changed three times

with its upper flight crossing the bottom one. It with its upper flight crossing the bottom one. It may either be Newel type or Open Newel Type.may either be Newel type or Open Newel Type.

Such type of stair is used when the length of Such type of stair is used when the length of the stair room is limited.the stair room is limited.

Bifurcated StairsBifurcated Stairs This type of Stair is commonly used in public This type of Stair is commonly used in public

buildings at their entrance hall.buildings at their entrance hall. The stair has a wider flight at the bottom which The stair has a wider flight at the bottom which

bifurcates into two narrower flights one turning bifurcates into two narrower flights one turning to left and other to the right at the landing.to left and other to the right at the landing.

Three Quarter Turn Stairs

Bifurcated Stair Cases

Stair Cases3

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