staging cancer pancreas RADIOLOGY

7/31/2019 staging cancer pancreas RADIOLOGY

1/22

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2/22

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3/22

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W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >=0


4/22

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5/22

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W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >??


6/22

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gcoxèp ~bd xfcdw fe gbdjf~bdxo}p oln xonò~`fl

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~bd Lo~ floc Gfj}xdbdlwùd Golgdx Ld~yfxa

"LGGL) wt}}fx~ ~bd twd fe }fw~f}dxo~ùd gbdjf*

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~bdxo}p# fx `~ `w ndcopdn# hdgotwd fe `ccldww,?8#?9#?2

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to~`flw hd }dxefxjdn `jjdnò~dcp hdefxd w~ox~`li

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}xfixdww`fl,??

]XDF]DXO^@UD ^BDXO]P

]xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p yow ndudcf}dn ow ol oc~dx*

lo~ùd o}}xfogb ~f onktuol~ ~bdxo}p efx ~bd

efccfy`li xdowflw, ]xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p ouf`nw~bd }xfhcdj fe }fw~f}dxo~ùd jfxh`n`~p ndcop`li

fx drgctn`li }o~`dl~w exfj tlndxif`li onktuol~

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wdl~o~`fl iùdl ~bo~ jfw~ }o~`dl~w ybf tlndxif

}f~dl~òccp gtxo~ùd xdwdg~`fl w~`cc n`d fe xdgtxxdl~

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}xfu`ndw o ~`jd `l~dxuoc hdefxd wtxidxp `l yb`gb

`lnd~dxj`lo~d cdw`flw ~bo~ jop hd jd~ow~owdw

gol hd hd~~dx gboxog~dx`{dn hp `joi`li efccfy*t}

"Eì, 9), @~ bow ocwf hddl wtiidw~dn ~bo~ }o~`dl~wybf ndudcf} fudx~ jd~ow~owdw ntx`li ~b`w }dx`fn

fe `l~dlwd }xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p càdcp boud ol oi*

ixdwwùd ~tjfx h`fcfip oln ~bdxdefxd yftcn boud

nfld }ffxcp dudl è ~bdp bon }xfgddndn n`xdg~cp

~f wtxidxp, ]f~dl~ occp lddncdww wtxidxp jop ~bdxd*

efxd hd ouf`ndn, @l onn`~`fl# }xdf}dxo~ùd gbdjf*

xonò~`fl jop occfy efx ~tjfx nfylw~oi`li "Eì, 2)

oln# `l w`licd*`lw~`~t~`fl w~tn`dw# bow hddl wbfyl

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jdnòl wtxuùoc fe t} ~f 7> jfl~bw efx ~bfwd ybftlndxif }xdf}dxo~ ud ~bdxo}p oln wtxidxp# ht~

wtxuùoc efx ~bfwd ybf n`n lf~ }xfgddn ~f wtxidxp

bow hddl flcp 9 ~f ?? jfl~bw,8>#84 T} ~f 7=$ fe

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lf~ tlndxif wtxidxp hdgotwd fe ndudcf}jdl~

fe jd~ow~owdw1 `l gfl~xow~# `wfco~dn cfgfxdi`floc

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xoxd "`d# cfww fe o y`lnfy fe f}}fx~tl`~p efx wtxi`goc

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lf }xfw}dg~ùd ~xòcw gfj}ox li }xdf}dxo~ ud

~bdxo}p efccfydn hp wtxidxp y`~b t}exfl~ wtxidxp

efccfydn hp onktuol~ ~xdo~jdl~,

WÔI@LI FE ]OLGXDO^@G GOLGDX;OJDX@GOL KF@L^ GFJJ@^^DD FL GOLGDXIT@NDC@LDW

^bd jfw~ gfjjflcp twdn w~oi`li wpw~dj `w ~bo~

exfj ~bd Ojdx`gol Kf`l~ Gfjj`~~dd fl Golgdx

"OKGG),89 ^b`w wpw~dj owwdwwdw ~bd w~o~tw fe ~bd

}x`joxp ~tjfx "^)# cpj}b lfndw "L)# olnjd~ow~owdw

"J), W~oidw oxd nde`ldn howdn fl ^LJ ixondw,

^bd ^ w~o~tw gol hd wtjjox`{dn ow efccfyw"Eì, 0); ~bd ^=# ^R# oln ^`w gcowwè`go~`flw xdedx

~f coga fe du`ndlgd efx o }x`joxp ~tjfx# `loh`c`~p

~f duocto~d ~bd }x`joxp ~tjfx# fx goxg`lfjo `l

w`~t# xdw}dg~ùdcp, ^? ~tjfxw oxd ~bfwd cdww ~bol

Eì, 9, O 70*pdox*fcn yfjol y`~b }olgxdo~`g golgdx# lf~dn fl "O) howdc`ld oròc `joidw ~f boud `lnd~dxj`lo~d cùdxcdw`fl"hcogaoxxfy)# ~ff wjocc~f gboxog~dx`{d, ]o~`dl~ yow ~bdxdefxd gflw`ndxdnhfxndxc`ldefx xdwdg~oh`c`~p# oln tlndx*ydl~ }xdf}dxo~ùd gbdjf~bdxo}p oln xonò~ fl ~bdxo}p, Efccfy*t}oròc}fx~oc udlftw }bowd`joi`li "H) wbfyw cdw fl"hcoga oxxfy) ~f boud lgxdowdn l w`{d# gflw w~dl~ y`~b o cùdx jd~ow~ow`w,

ôjj d~ oc>?8


7/22

fx dqtoc ~f 8 gj oln hftlndn hp ~bd }olgxdow, ^8

~tjfxw oxd coxidx ~bol 8 gj ht~ w~`cc hftlndn hp

}olgxdow, 7 ~tjfxw oxd ~bfwd ~bo~ dr~dln hdpfln

~bd }olgxdow# ht~ nf lf~ `lufcud ~bd gdcòg fx

wt}dx fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dx`dw, ^> ~tjfxw `lufcud

d`~bdx ~bd gdc og fx ~bd wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dx`dw

oln# `l jfw~ `lw~`~t~`flw# xd}xdwdl~ tlxdwdg~ohcd~tjfx, Y`~b ~bd onudl~ fe uowgtcox xdwdg~ flw

oln xdgflw~xtg~`flw# ~bdxd bow hddl o wb e~ `l

w~oi`li ~f dj}bow`{d ox~dxòc `lufcudjdl~# oln

xdedxdlgdw ~f udlftw `lufcudjdl~ efx ~bd ^ ixondw

boud hddl dc j`lo~dn,82 ^bd L ~dxj gol hd

wtjjox {dn ow efccfyw; LR "tlohcd ~f duocto~d

lfnoc w~o~tw)# L= "lf jd~ow~owdw ~f xdi`floc lf*

ndw)# oln L? "}xdwdlgd fe jd~ow~owdw ~f xdi`floc

lfndw), ^bd J ~dxj `w d`~bdx J= "lf jd~ow~owdw)

fx J? "n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw oxd }xdwdl~),

W~oi`li gol hd wtjjox`{dn ow efccfyw "Eì, ?=);

~bd }xdwdlgd fe olp jd~ow~owdw gcoww e`dw o }o~`dl~ow w~oid @U, ^bd }xdwdlgd fe ^> n`wdowd "gdcòg fx

WJO `lufcudjdl~) y`~bft~ jd~ow~owdw xdlndxw olp

}o~`dl~ ow w~oid @@@, W~oid @@O `w ^7 n`wdowd `l ~bd

ohwdlgd fe lfnoc fx n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw# oln w~oid

@@H `w ^? ~f ^7 n`wdowd `l ~bd wd~~`li fe xdi`floc

Eì, 2, O 5?*pdox*fcn jol y`~b golgdx fe ~bd }olgxdo~`g bdon, Howdc`ld }fx~oc udlftw }bowd `joi`li "O) wbfyw~tjfx "cfli yb`~d oxxfyw) jdowtx`li ldoxcp 4 gj# y`~b gdl~xoc tcgdxo~`fl "hcoga oxxfy) f}ogèp`li y`~b iow~xf*`l~dw~`loc gfl~xow~ exfj gfjjtl`go~`fl y`~b ntfndltj, Jfxd wt}dx`fxcp fh~o`ldn oròc `joid " H) wbfyw ondl*f}o~bp "yb`~d oxxfyw) ldox ~bd GBO oln `l ~bd }fx~ogouoc xdi`fl, Wfe~ ~`wwtd w~xoln`li "yb`~d oxxfybdon) `w wddl

~f oht~ "jdol`li ?2=

fe `lufcudjdl~) ~bd gdcòg ~xtla, Efccfy*t} `joi`li oe~dx gbdjfxonò~`fl "G) wbfyw ~bo~~tjfx "cfli yb`~d oxxfyw) bow ndgxdowdn# ht~ w~`cc oht~w ~bd w}cdlf}fx~oc gflectdlgd "W]G), Fl o jfxd wt}dx`fxcpfh~o`ldn `joid "N) ondlf}o~bp "yb`~d oxxfy) bow ndgxdowdn fx xdwfcudn, Wfe~ ~`wwtd w~xoln`li "yb`~d oxxfybdon)ldox ~bd gdcòg ~xtla `w w`j`cox fx wcìb~cp `lgxdowdn, ]o~`dl~ ydl~ fl ~f wtxidxp# y`~b wtggdwwetc ~tjfx xdwdg~`fl#flcp ?$ uòhcd ~tjfx# oln lf }fw`~ùd xdi`floc cpj}b lfndw efx golgdx,

Eì, 0, ^? "38*gj ~tjfx# hftlndn hp }olgxdow)# ^8 "~tjfx8 gj# ht~ hftlndn hp }olgxdow)# ^7 "~tjfx dr~dln`lihdpfln }olgxdow ht~ lf~ `lufcu`li ~bd gdcòg fx wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dx`dw)# oln ^> n`wdowd "~tjfx `lufcu`li ~bdgdcòg fx wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dx`dw), WJU# wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ud`l1 WJO# wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dxp,

W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >?7


8/22

lfnoc jd~ow~owdw ht~ lf~ n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw,

W~oid @ n`wdowd `w ^? fx ^8 n`wdowd y`~bft~ lfnoc

fx n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw,82

GCOWW@E@GO^@FL FE XDWDGÔHCD#HFXNDXC@LD# OLN TLXDWDGÔHCD N@WDOWD

Oc~bftib ~bd OKGG gx`~dxò }xfu`nd gcowwè`go~`flw

efx w~oi`li# f~bdx deefx~w boud hddl jond ~f ixft}

}o~ dl~w efx }tx}fwdw fe gc`l`goc joloidjdl~,

Xdgdl~cp }thc wbdn }olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo

flgfcfip it`ndc`ldw hp ~bd LGGL ndwgx`hd ixft}*

`li }o~ dl~w howdn fl xon`fixo}b`g gx ~dx o `l~f

~bfwd y`~b gcdoxcp xdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd# hfxndxc`ld

xdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd# fx gcdoxcp tlxdwdg~ohcd n`w*dowd#80#7= yb`gb wt}}fx~w f~bdx }thc`go~`flw tw`li

wtgb ixft}`liw,9#?0#7?#78

Gcdoxcp xdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd "OKGG w~oidw @ oln @@)

`w nde`ldn ow lf fudx~ jd~ow~o~`g n`wdowd# lf fudx~

ondlf}o~bp# oln# `j}fx~ol~cp# lf du`ndlgd fe olp

~tjfx gfl~og~ y`~b uowgtco~txd "Eì, ??) f~bdx ~bol

}dxbo}w ~bd iow~xfntfndloc ox~dxp `l ~bd gowd fe

}olgxdo~`g bdon ~tjfxw "~b`w udwwdc `w xdwdg~dnow }ox~ fe o Yb`}}cd }xfgdntxd), ^b`w gcowwè`go~`fl

jdolw ~bo~ ol `l~og~# tl`lufcudn# wf*goccdn gcdol

eo~ }cold wtxxftlnw udwwdcw wtgb ow ~bd WJO#

~bd gdcòg ~xtla# oln ~bd gfjjfl bd}o~`g ox~dxp,

Efx f~bdx udwwdcw ~bo~ oxd `l gfl~og~ y`~b ~bd

}olgxdow# wtgb ow ~bd wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ud`l#

udwwdcw flcp boud gfl~og~ y`~b gcdoxcp lfxjoc

}olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjo fx eo~ oln wbfy lf ndefx*

j`~p fx loxxfy`li ~bo~ `w ~bftib~ ~f hd wdgflnoxp

~f ~tjfx `lufcudjdl~,

Gcdoxcp tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd "w~oidw @@@ oln @U) `w

xd}xdwdl~dn hp gcdoxcp `ndl~èòhcd n`w~ol~ jd~ow*~owdw "w~oid @U)# fudx~ ondlf}o~bp ft~w`nd ~bd

wtxi`goc e`dcn# fx ~tjfx dlgowdjdl~ "


9/22

fe ~bd gfjjfl bd}o~`g ox~dxp "yb`gb yftcn

}xdgctnd }cogdjdl~ fe ol ox~dxòc ktj} ixoe~),

^bd jfxd nèe`gtc~ ixft} ~f gcowwèp# iùdl ~bd

dufct~ fl fe ~xdo~jdl~ ~dgbl`qtdw "wtxidxp# xo*

nò~`fl ~bdxo}p# oln gbdjf~bdxo}p)# `w ~bo~ fe

hfxndxc`ld fx joxi`loc xdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd, Og*

gfxn`li ~f ~bd gtxxdl~ LGGL nde l ~`flw# hfx*

ndxc ld xdwdg~ohcd }o~`dl~w boud lf n`w~ol~

jd~ow~owdw# udlftw `lufcudjdl~ ~bo~ `w o~ jfw~

wbfx~*wdijdl~ fggctw`fl y`~b wt ~ohcd udwwdc

ohfud oln hdcfy ~bd }f`l~ fe fhw~xtg~`fl efx

xdwdg~`fl oln xdgflw~xtg~`fl "Eì, ?>)# wt}dx`fxjdwdl~dx`g oln gdcòg ox~dxòc `lufcudjdl~ c`j`~dn

~f oht~jdl~ "lf


10/22

@JOI@LI; ^DGBL@_TD

^bd gboxog~dx w~ gw twdn ~f nde ld xdwdg~ohcd#

hfxndxc`ld xdwdg~ohcd# oln tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd

oxd howdn fl ~bd twd fe gxfww*wdg~`floc `joi`li

oln xdqt`xd ~bd twd fe `joi`li ~dgbl`qtdw ~bo~

f}~`j`{d ~bd u`wtoc`{o~`fl fe ~tjfx# `~w xdco~`flwb`}

~f onkogdl~ olo~fj`g w~xtg~txdw oln `~w }fww`hcd

w}xdon ~f lfndw ft~w`nd ~bd wtxi`goc e`dcn# oln

n`w~ol~ w`~dw wtgb ow ~bd cùdx# }dx`~fldtj# ctli#

oln hfld,??#?0#7= ^bd LGGL it`ndc ldw xdgfj*

jdln }olgxdow*w}dgè`g G^ fx JX `joi`li,7=

Hdefxd n`wgtww`li ~dgbl`qtdw# `~ `w `j}fx~ol~ ~f

gflw`ndx ~bd ~`j`li efx tw`li w}dgè g `joi`li

~dgbl`qtdw, @l ftx dr}dx`dlgd# ~bd yfxa*t} efx}o~ dl~w y`~b ohnfj`loc }o`l oln&fx kotln`gd

twtoccp hdiol y`~b ~xolwohnfj`loc tc~xowftln ~f

duocto~d ~bd }fww`h`c`~p fe gbfcdgpw~`~`w fx w`j}cp

~bd }xdwdlgd fe ioccw~fldw, @e tc~xowftln wbfydn

dr~xobd}o~`g h`còxp n`co~o~`fl# }o~`dl~w ~bdl ~p}`*

goccp tlndxydl~ dlnfwgf}`g xd~xfixond gbfcoli`f*

}olgxdo~fixo}bp "DXG]) efx nòilfw~`g yfxa*t}

oln efx ~xdo~jdl~, Bfydudx# ~bd wthwdqtdl~

`jjdnò~d }cogdjdl~ fe o h`còxp w~dl~ fe~dl dc`j*

`lo~dn u`wtoc {o~`fl fe ~bd }f`l~ fe h còxp fh*

w~xtg~`fl# dc`j`lo~`li o twdetc nòilfw~`g `joi`li

edo~txd efx wthwdqtdl~ `joi`li y`~b G^# JX

`joi`li# fx DTW "oln efx it`n`li h`f}wp efx wth~cd

cdw`flw), Jfxd `j}fx~ol~cp# DXG]# hxtwb`liw# oln&

fx h`f}wp }xfgdntxdw gol occ gotwd }fw~}xfgdntxd

}olgxdo~`~`w "Eì, ?5)# yb`gb gol joxadncp c`j`~ ~bd

oh c`~p ~f u`wtoc {d ~bd ~tjfx oln ~bd `l~dxeogd

hd~yddl ~tjfx oln udwwdc# c`j ~`li wthwdqtdl~

h`f}wp o~~dj}~w oln }xdudl~`li oggtxo~d w~oi`li#

oln ndcop`li fx }xdgctn`li dlxfccjdl~ `l gc`l`goc

~xòcw, Efx ~b`w xdowfl# o~ ftx `lw~`~t~`fl# }o~`dl~w

ybf }xdwdl~ y`~b wtw}`g`fl fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx

tlndxif gxfww*wdg~`floc `joi`li efx w~oi`li "G^fx JX `joi`li) hdefxd olp `l~dxudl~`fl,

G^

Jtc~`nd~dg~fx*xfy G^ "JNG^) `w }xfhohcp ~bd jfw~

y`ndcp twdn gxfww*wdg~ floc jfnoc`~p efx ~bd

w~oi`li fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx, ^b`l*wdg~`fl "7 jj

Eì, ?7, O 55*pdox*fcn jol y`~b tlxdwdg~ohcd "w~oid@@@) golgdx fe ~bd }olgxdo~ g bdon, Oròc }fx~oc udlftw}bowd `joidw wbfy ~tjfx "yb`~d oxxfyw) dlgow`liixdo~dx ~bol ?2= fe g`xgtjedxdl~òc `lufcudjdl~ fe~bd WJU# y`~b 75= fe g`xgtjedxdl~òc `lufcudjdl~fe ~bd WJO,

Eì, ?>, Hfxndxc`ld udlftw fggctw`fl `l o 5=*pdox*fcn yfjol, Howdc`ld oròc }fx~oc udlftw }bowd `joid "O) wbfyw}olgxdo~`g bdon joww "yb`~d oxxfyw) ~bo~ fggctndw ~bd WJU, Flcp ~bd WJO `w u`wtoc`{dn, W~dl~ "w~) `w }xdwdl~,Efccfy`li o gftxwd fe gbdjfxonò~`fl# efccfy*t} w~tnp "H) oròc `joid oln "G) gfxfloc xdgflw~xtg~`fl `joidwbfy ldy j`l`joc }o~dlgp fe ~bd WJU "cfli yb`~d oxxfy), WJO oln W]G oxd lf~dn, ]fw~f}dxo~ùd "N) oròc `joidwbfyw ixoe~ "i) ~bo~ yow wtggdwwetccp }cogdn, WJO `w lf~dn,

ôjj d~ oc>?5


11/22

fx ~b`lldx)# h`}bow`g ~dgbl`qtd `w gxtgòc ~f `ndl~èp

~bd }x`joxp ~tjfx# nd~dxj`ld `~w cfgoc dr~dl~# ow

ydcc ow ~f `ndl~ ep n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw, Twtoccp#

`lkdg~`fl xo~dw fe 7 ~f 4 jC&w oxd twdn y`~b o wtee`*

g`dl~ ufctjd fe gfl~xow~ efx o 7=*wdgfln `lkdg~`fl

ntxo~`fl,7774 ^bd e`xw~ }fw~gfl~xow~ }bowd fe

`joi`li `w fh~o`ldn ntx`li ~bd }bowd fe }doa}olgxdo~ g }oxdlgbpjoc dlbolgdjdl~ ~f jor`*

j`{d ~bd gflw}`gt`~p fe ~bd ~tjfx "Eì, ?9), ^b`w

}bowd `w o}}xfr`jo~dcp >= ~f 4= wdgflnw oe~dx ~bd

w~ox~ fe gfl~xow~ `lkdg~`fl,75 ^bd co~dx }fx~oc udlftw

}bowd# yb`gb jor`j`{dw dlbolgdjdl~ fe ~bd cùdx

}oxdlgbpjo "o}}xfr`jo~dcp 5=9= wdgflnw oe~dx

`lkdg~`fl)# `w twdetc efx `ndl~è`go~`fl fe cùdx jd~ow*

~owdw oln ocwf xdwtc~w `l drgdccdl~ f}ogè`go~`fl fe

~bd jdwdl~dx`g# w}cdl`g# oln }fx~oc ud`lw# yb`gb `w

twdetc efx duocto~`fl efx ~tjfx `lufcudjdl~ fe ~bdwd

w~xtg~txdw,75 Yd ~p}`goccp xdgflw~xtg~ oròc `joidw

~f 8 wc`gd ~b`galdwwdw# 8,4 jj efx }x`joxp xdu`dy#

oln =,584 ~f ?,84 jj "nd}dln`li fl ~bd JNG^

}co~efxj) ~f occfy efx }fw~}xfgdww`li, Efx droj}cd#

yd gxdo~d gfxfloc oln woi`~~oc 8,4*jj ~b`ga

gfl~ìtftw jtc~`}colox xdgflw~xtg~`flw "wdd Eì,

?9)# ht~ ~bdwd ~b`lldx oròc `joidw oxd ocwf

twdetc efx gxdo~`li gtxudn }colox xdefxjo~`flw#

jor`jtj* l~dlw`~p }xfkdg~`fl "J@])# j`l`jtj*

`l~dlw`~p }xfkdg~`fl# ow ydcc ow ufctjd*xdlndxdn

oln wdijdl~dn ufctjd xdlndxdn `joidw,

Eì, ?5, O 98*pdox*fcn yfjol y`~b h`f}wp*}xfudl w~oid @ }olgxdo~ g ondlfgoxg`lfjo, Howdc`ld or oc G^ `joid o~ ftx`lw~`~t~`fl"O) wbfyww~dl~"w~)}cogdnhp ft~w`nd `lw~`~t~`fl,Coxidyb`~doxxfywbfyw dndjo~ftw gbolidw `l jdwdl~dx geo~# owg ~dw "o)# olnect`nldox ~bd}olgxdo~ g bdon "cfliyb`~doxxfy) gflw w~dl~y`~b }fw~w~dl~}cogdjdl~}olgxdo~`~ w,@l ~b`w wd~~`li# `~ `w lf~ gcdox ybd~bdx w~xoln`li "yb`~d oxxfybdon) ldox ~bd WJO xd}xdwdl~w ~tjfx fx `lecojjo~`fl,^tjfx "jdn`tj yb`~d oxxfy) `lufcudw ~bd }olgxdo~`g bdon oln tlg`lo~d }xfgdww, "H) ]fw~~xdo~jdl~ wgol wbfyw xdwf*ct~`fl fe }olgxdo~`~`w# y`~b xdwfct~`fl fe owg`~dw# oln eo~ "hì yb`~d oxxfyw) ol~dx`fx oln }fw~dx`fx ~f ~bd w~fjogb lfcflidx o}}dox`li dndjo~ftw, Eo~ `l~dxeogd "yb`~d oxxfybdon) ldox WJO lfy o}}doxw `l~og~ y`~b }xdu`ftwcp wddlw~xoln`li bou`li xdwfcudn, ]cow~`g w~dl~ yow xd}cogdn y`~b o jd~occ`g w~dl~ "w~),

Eì, ?4, O 95*pdox*fcnyfjol y`~b hfxndxc`ld w~oid @@ ~f@@@ }olgxdo~`g ntg~oc ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd }olgxdo~`gbdon, Oròc }fx~oc udlftw }bowd `joi`li wbfyw ~tjfx"yb`~d oxxfyw) y`~b oht~jdl~ "bdxd 3?2= fe g`xgtjedx*dl~òc `lufcudjdl~) fe ~bd WJO oln WJU "yb`~d oxxfy*bdonw), Iow~xfgfc`g ~xtla "IG^) `w ocwf lf~dn,

W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >?9


12/22

]olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo bow o ~p}`goccp bp*

}fndlwd o}}doxolgd fl ~bd }olgxdo~`g }oxdl*

gbpjoc }bowd "wdd Eì, ?9) ht~ gol hd `wfndlwd#

oln d`~bdx xdjo`lw bp}fndlwd fl ~bd }fx~oc

udlftw }bowd fx jop hdgfjd `wfndlwd, Oròc

`joidw oln gfxfloc oln woi`~~oc xdefxjo~`flw oxd

twdetc efx }xfu`n`li o gfj}xdbdlwùd xdu`dy fe

~bd gdcòg# wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g# gfjjfl bd}o~`g#

oln w}cdl`g ox~dx`dw ow ydcc ow ~bd jo`l }fx~oc#

w}cdl`g# oln wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ud`lw oln ~bd`x

jokfx hxolgbdw "iow~xfgfc`g ~xtla# e`xw~ kdktloc

ud`l# oln `cdfgfc`g ~x`ht~ox`dw),

JX @JOI@LI

JX `joi`li feedxw ~bd onuol~oid fe jtc~`}cd

wdqtdlgdw ~bo~ gol }xfu`nd `lefxjo~`fl xdioxn`li

~bd }x`joxp ~tjfx# `~w cfgoc dr~dl~# uowgtcox `l*

ufcudjdl~# oln n`w~ol~ jd~ow~owdw, Jtc~ }cd xd*

gdl~ ~dgbl`goc ndudcf}jdl~w `lgctnd }co~efxjw

y`~b bìbdx e`dcn w~xdli~b# `lgxdow`licp }fydxetc

jtc~`gbolldc gf`cw# ldy gfl~xow~ oidl~w# oln ldy

wdqtdlgdw, Ol droj}cd fe o ~p}`goc `joi`li droj*

`lo~`fl "Eìw, ?2 oln ?0) `lgctndw ^8*ydìb~dn eo~*

wt}}xdwwdn# ^?*ydìb~dn# `l oln ft~ fe }bowd#

nèetw`fl*ydìb~dn# oln ^?*ydìb~dn nploj`goccp

fh~o`ldn }fw~gfl~xow~ jtc~`}colox `joi`li "wtgbow ~bxdd*n`jdlw`floc Q7NZ ixon`dl~ xdgoccdn dgbf

ufctjdw fh~o`ldn y`~b }oxoccdc `joi`li), Nploj`*

goccp fh~o`ldn `joidw gol hd fh~o`ldn ow w`licd

hxdo~b bfcnw o~ 8=# 5=# ?8=# oln ?2= wdgflnw oe~dx

~bd w~ox~ fe gfl~xow~ `lkdg~ fl,79#72 Wtgb wdqtdlgdw

ow Eow~ @joi`li Dj}cfp`li W~donp*W~o~d Ogqt`w`*

~`fl "E@DWÔ1 ID Jdn`goc Wpw~djw# J`cyotadd#

Y@) y`~b eo~ wt}}xdww`fl "wdd Eì, ?0) gol bdc} ~f

nèedxdl~ò~d eo~# udwwdcw# ~tjfx# oln tl`lufcudn

}olgxdow, @joidw oxd jfw~ gfjjflcp fh~o`ldn

n`xdg~cp `l ~bd oròc }cold, Bfydudx# f~bdx }coldw

gol hd fh~o`ldn n`xdg~cp, Gfxfloc*}cold E@DWÔ

`joidw oxd twdetc efx duocto~`li ~bd xdco~`flwb`}

fe ~tjfx ~f udwwdcw# }ox~`gtcoxcp ~bd fxì`l fe ~bd

gdcòg oln wt}dx`fx jdwdl~dx`g ox~dx`dw `l gxfww

wdg~`fl# oln ~f u`wtoc {d ~bd dr~dl~ fe gfjjfl

bd}o~`g ox~dxp `lufcudjdl~,

]olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo bow o uoxòhcd o}*

}doxolgd fl JX `joi`li nd}dln`li fl ~bdwdqtdlgd hd`li droj`ldn, Fl nploj`g `joidw#

`~w o}}doxolgd `w w`j cox ~f ~bo~ fl gfl~xow~*

dlbolgdn G^# hd`li bp}f`l~dlwd ~f onkogdl~

}olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjo# ht~ o~ ~`jdw ocwf o}}dox*

`li `wf`l~dlwd# `l yb`gb gowd `ndl~è`go~`fl fe }x`*

joxp ~tjfx gol hd n ee gtc~, O xdgdl~ ox~`gcd

wtiidw~dn ~bo~ JX `joi`li jop hd ohcd ~f u`wt*

oc`{d t} ~f 90$ fe ~tjfxw ~bo~ o}}dox `wfndlwd

~f lfxjoc }olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjo fl jtc~`}bow`g

G^ w~tn`dw,70

DTW

Tw`li o gfjh`lo~ fl fe xonòc oln gtxu`c ldox

oxxopw# DTW bow ndudcf}dn o wìlè gol~ xfcd `l

~bd oh c`~p ~f `joid cdw`flw oln }xfu`nd ~`wwtd

Eì, ?9, O 47*pdox*fcn jol y`~b w~oid @@*@@@ hfxndxc`ld }olgxdo~`g bdon ntg~oc ondlfgoxg`lfjo fl howdc`ld jtc~`*}bow`g droj`lo~`fl, "O) Oròc }olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjoc }bowd `joid wbfyw ~tjfx "yb`~d oxxfyw) oht~~`li ~bd W]Goln wtxxftln`li w~dl~ "w~), "H) Fl }fx~oc udlftw }bowd `joid# ~tjfx "yb`~d oxxfy) `w cdww gflw}`gtftw, ^tjfxloxxfyw ~bd ydcc*f}ogè`dn }fx~oc ud`l "]U) wt}dx`fx ~f ~bd W]G, Lflw}dgè`g w~xoln`li oht~w ~bd xìb~ hfxndxfe ~bd WJO, Gfxfloc xdgflw~xtg~`fl fe ~bd }fx~oc udlftw }bowd "G) wbfyw ~bo~ ~bd ~tjfx "yb`~d oxxfyw) gotwdwjoxadn loxxfy`li fe ~bd }fx~oc ud`l "cfli yb`~d oxxfy), n# ntfndltj,

ôjj d~ oc>?2


13/22

Eì, ?0, O 5?*pdox*fcn jol y`~b w~oid @@O ~f H }olgxdo~`ggolgdx, ]fx~oc udlftw }bowd 7N w}f`cdnixon`dl~ ^?*ydìb~dneo~*wt}}xdwwdn `joid "O) wbfyw ~tjfx "yb`~d oxxfyw) oht~~`li dlcoxidn gfjjfl bd}o~`g ox~dxp lfnd "yb`~d oxxfy*bdon) oln dlgow`li ~bd GBO "cfli yb ~d oxxfy), "H) Eo~*wt}}xdwwdn Eow~ @joi`li Dj}cfp li W~donp*W~o~d Ogqt`w ~`fl"E@DWÔ) `joid w`j`coxcp wbfyw GBO dlgowdjdl~,

Eì, ?2, JX `joi`li fe o 45*pdox*fcn jol y`~b b`w~fxp fe w~oid @U }olgxdo~`g golgdx, ]olgxdo~`g ~tjfx " yb`~doxxfy) o}}doxw bp}f`l~dlwd fl "O) }olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjoc }bowd oln "H) }fx~oc udlftw }bowd, Udlftw w~xtg~txdwwtgb ow ~bd WJU oln e`xw~ kdktloc ud`l "?w~ Kdk Ul) oxd ydcc f}ogè`dn fl ~bd }fx~oc udlftw }bowd# f}~`j`{`li duoc*

to~`fl efx udlftw `lufcudjdl~, Fl nèetw`fl ydìb~dn `joi`li "G)# ~tjfx o}}doxw hxìb~# oln fl o}}oxdl~ nèet*w`fl gfdee`g`dl~ "ONG) jo} "N)# ~tjfx o}}doxw noxa# `ln`go~`li xdw~x`g~dn yo~dx jfudjdl~, Cùdx jd~ow~ow`w"gtxudn yb`~d oxxfy) fl nploj`g ~bxdd*n`jdlw`floc "7N) w}f`cdn ixon`dl~ dgbf co~d ox~dxòc }bowd "D) wbfywx`li dlbolgdjdl~1 fl "E) nèetw`fl ydìb~dn `joi`li o}}doxw hxìb~ oln wbfyw cfy wìloc fl ONG " I) gflw`w~dl~y`~b xdw~x`g~dn yo~dx jfudjdl~# wt}}fx~`li ~bo~ ~b`w `w o jd~ow~ow`w,

>?0


14/22

nòilfwdw uò DTW*it`ndn ELO efx }olgxdo~`g

golgdx ~bxftib xdoc*~ jd `joi`li y`~bft~ ~bd

lddn efx onj`l`w~xo~`fl fe o gfl~xow~ oidl~,>=#>?

Et~txd n`xdg~`flw `lgctnd ~bd }fww`h`c`~p fe gfl~xow~

dlbolgdjdl~# ow ydcc ow }f~dl~òccp ~bd twd fe dcow*

~fixo}bp,>8 ^b`w oh c`~p ~f u`wtoc {d oln fh~o`l

~`wwtd w}dg`jdlw `l xdoc ~`jd `w ocwf twdetc efx ~bdduocto~`fl fe wtw}`g`ftw cpj}b lfndw, Bfydudx#

~bd xfcd fe DTW efx w~oi`li `w càdcp jfxd c`j`~dn

~bol G^ fx JX `joi`li# iùdl `~w c`j`~dn u`dy fe

ohnfj`loc olo~fjp "n`wgtwwdn co~dx),

]FW@^XFL DJ@WW@FL ^FJFIXO]BP&G^

]fw`~xfl dj`ww`fl ~fjfixo}bp "]D^)&G^ `w twtoccp

}dxefxjdn y`~bft~ `l~xoudlftw gfl~xow~# oln

~bdxdefxd bow bon o c`j`~dn xfcd `l ~bd cfgoc w~oi`li

fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx iùdl `~w }ffx nd}`g~`fl fe~tjfx oln `~w xdco~`flwb`} ~f onkogdl~ uowgtco~txd,

Bfydudx# o w~tnp gfj}ox`li ]D^# tldlbolgdn

]D &G # oln `l~xoudlftw gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn

]D^&G^ wbfydn# ow dr}dg~dn# `j}xfudn oggtxogp

efx `l~xoudlftw gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn ]D^&G^ "22$

uw 95$ efx tldlbolgdn ]D^&G^) efx w~oi`li# oln

yow wtiidw~dn ow o }fww`hcd w`licd ~dgbl`qtd efx

~bd w~oi`li fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx,>7 ^bd xfcd fe tl*

dlbolgdn ]D &G^ bow }x`jox cp hddl ~f nd~dg~

jd~ow~o~`g n`wdowd oln bow hddl twdetc dw}dgòccp

efx tldr}dg~dn w`~dw hdgotwd `~ `w o ybfcd*hfnp`joi`li jfnoc`~p "Eìw, 8= oln 8?),>>

@JOI@LI OLN WÔI@LICfgoc W~oi`li

W~oi`li fl gxfww*wdg~`floc `joi`li gtxxdl~cp

`lufcudw nd~dxj`l`li `l gxfww wdg~`fl ~bd ndixddw

fe g`xgtjedxdl~òc `lufcudjdl~ fe xdi`floc ox~dx`dw

oln ud`lw "wdd Eìw, ???7 oln ?4) hp ~tjfx oln

loxxfy`li&fggctw`fl fe ud`lw "wdd Eì, ?>), Ow

ndwgx`hdn fxì`loccp hp Ct oln gfccdoitdw>4 `l

?009# tw`li o ~bxdwbfcn fe ixdo~dx ~bol ?2= fe

g`xgtjedxdl~ oc udwwdc `lufcudjdl~ ow `ln`go~`li

tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd fl gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn G^

`joi`li p`dcndn o wdlw`~ u`~p fe 2>$ oln w}dgè g ~p

fe 02$ efx tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd# yb`gb jor`*

j`{dn ~bd wdln`li fe occ ~bfwd y`~b xdwdg~ohcd

n`wdowd ~f wtxidxp# o~ ~bd dr}dlwd fe tlndxgocc`li

tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd, ^b`w yow `l ~bd wd~~`li fe

fcndx w~oi`li gx`~dxò `l yb`gb udlftw `lufcudjdl~

jdol~ tlxdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd# oln càdcp n`n lf~`lgctnd ~bd twd fe }xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p,>4 Nd~dx*

j`l`li ~bd oggtxogp fe G^ oln JX `joi`li efx

w~oi`li bow gtxxdl~cp hdgfjd jfxd gfj}cdr iùdl

~bd uoxòh`c`~p fe ~bdxo}p oln wtxi`goc o}}xfogbdw

hd~yddl `lw~`~t~`flw, Ow lf~dn }xdu`ftwcp# `lw~`~t*

~`flw uoxp `l ~bd`x twd fe ldfonktuol~ oln&fx onkt*

uol~ ~bdxo}p, Ldudx~bdcdww# jfxd xdgdl~ w~oi`li

w~tn`dw boud wbfyl wdlw`~ù`~`dw efx tlxdwdg~ohcd

n`wdowd hd~yddl 48$ oln 0?$# oln w}dgè`g`~`dw

fe 08$ ~f ?==$# ht~ ~bdxd ydxd càdcp nèedxdlgdw

hd~yddl `lw~`~t~ flw `l ybo~ yow gflw`ndxdn wtxi`*goccp xdwdg~ohcd n`wdowd,>54= @l onn`~`fl# `l ~bdwd

Eì, 8=, O 92*pdox*fcn jol y`~b h`f}wp*}xfudl w~oid @U }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Oròc etwdn `joidw exfj ]D^&G^ w~tnpwbfyw "O) ectfxfndfrpictgfwd "ENI) ou`n }olgxdo~`g bdon joww "yb`~d oxxfy) wtxxftln`li w~dl~ "w~)# "H) cùdxjd~ow~ow`w "gtxudn yb`~d oxxfy)# "G) xìb~ b`cox lfnoc jd~ow~ow`w "gtxudn yb`~d oxxfybdon)# oln "N) f~bdx# wcìb~cpcdww ENI ou`n# b`cox oln jdnòw~`loc lfndw "gtxudn yb`~d oxxfybdonw),

ôjj d~ oc>8=


15/22

w~tn`dw# wjocc*ufctjd jd~ow~owdw ~f ~bd cùdx fx

}dx`~fldtj ydxd ow gfjjfl# fx jfxd gfjjfl#

~bol uowgtcox `luow`fl ow gotwdw efx }o~ dl~w hd`li

`ndl~ e`dn ow tlxdwdg~ohcd o~ wtxidxp ybf ydxd

`ndl~ e`dn ow xdwdg~ohcd fl gxfww*wdg~ floc

`joi`li, O w~tnp ~bo~ gfj}oxdn nèedxdl~ idldxo*

~`flw fe JNG^ dqt`}jdl~ `l ~bd wojd `lw~`~t~`fl

n`n lf~ wbfy o wìlè gol~ nèedxdlgd `l }dxefx*

jolgd hd~yddl idldxo~`flw,>2 Olf~bdx qtdw~`fl

`w ~bo~ fe JX udxwtw G^ efx w~oi`li, JX feedxw

`lbdxdl~cp hd~~dx wfe~ ~`wwtd gfl~xow~ "wdd Eìw,

?2 oln ?0)# ybdxdow G^ feedxw bìbdx w}o~òc xdwf*ct~`fl oln ~bd oh`c ~p ~f exdd{d hfydc jf~`fl,

Oc~bftib `~ `w nèe`gtc~ ~f gfj}oxd 8 jfnoc`~`dw

~bo~ oxd dufcu`li wf xo}`ncp# wdudxoc w~tn`dw boud

wbfyl gfj}oxohcd }dxefxjolgd hd~yddl JX

oln G^ efx cfgoc w~oi`li,>5#4? @~ `w ~bdxdefxd }xfh*

ohcp hdw~ ~f twd ~bd w~xdli~bw fe o iùdl `lw~`~t~`fl

"G^ uw JX `joi`li) `l ~dxjw fe dqt`}jdl~# dr}dx`*

dlgd# oln wa`cc ybdl gbffw`li yb`gb jfnoc`~p ~f

twd efx nd~dxj`l`li cfgoc w~oi`li,Olf~bdx gfleftln`li eog~fx `w ~bo~ fe }xdf}dxo*

~ùd gbdjfxonò~`fl "Eì, 88), ^f no~d# `~ `w lf~

}fww`hcd ~f n`w~`lit`wb fl `joi`li hd~yddl lflu`*

ohcd ~tjfx oln xdjo`l`li uòhcd ~tjfx efccfy`li

~bdxo}p, Olf~bdx `wwtd `w ~bo~ fe }fw~~xdo~jdl~

gbolidw, Xonò~`fl ~bdxo}p gol gotwd gbolidw

oxftln udwwdcw ~bo~ yd boud eftln ~f }x`jox cp

jolèdw~ ow wfe~ ~`wwtd w~xoln`li, Yd boud eftln

howdc`ld w~tn`dw twdetc efx `ndl~èp`li ~bd dr~dl~

fe ~tjfx hdefxd xonò~`fl ~bdxo}p1 `l ftx dr}dx`*

dlgd# }o~`dl~w tlndxif`li }xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p

ybf ndudcf}# fx wbfy w~ohcd# j`l`joc w~xoln`li

y`~bft~ wìlè`gol~ wfe~ ~`wwtd ~b`gadl`li onkogdl~

~f udwwdcw wbftcn lf~ hd }xdudl~dn exfj tlndx*

if`li wtxidxp,>0 Fudxocc# yd eftln ~bd oggtxogp

fe nd~dxj`l`li uowgtcox `lufcudjdl~ ~f hd w`j`cox

~f ~bo~ xd}fx~dn `l ~bd ohwdlgd fe }xdf}dxo~ ud

~bdxo}p,>0

^bd xfcd fe DTW efx cfgoc w~oi`li oln nd~dx*

j`l`li uowgtcox `luow`fl `w lf~ gcdox# hdgotwd

xdwtc~w boud hddl j`rdn, O w~tnp hp Ndy`~~ oln

gfccdoitdw fe ?8= }o~`dl~w wbfydn DTW ~f hd

wt}dx`fx ~f G^ efx ~tjfx w~oi`li "59$ uw >?$)#ht~ dqtùocdl~ efx lfnoc w~oi`li ">>$ uw >9$)#

oln w`j`cox fx wcìb~cp `ledx`fx ~f G^ efx ktni`li

Eì, 88, O 47*pdox*fcnyfjoly`~bhfxndxc`ld w~oid @@ ~f@@@}olgxdo~ g golgdx# y`~b `joi lihdefxd# olnefccfy`li# gbd*jfxon o~`fl, "O) Gfxfloc ixop wgocd xdefxjo~`fl wbfyw# o~ }xdwdl~o~`fl# wth~cd w~xoln li "yb`~d oxxfybdon) ldox ~bdWJO fxì`l, GO# gdcòg or`w, "H) Efccfy*t} gfxfloc xdgflw~xtg~`fl o~ ~bd wojd cdudc efccfy`li gbdjfxonò~`fl# hdefxdwtxidxp, Wfe~ ~`wwtd ~b`gadl`li bow hdgfjd jfxd }xfj`ldl~ "yb`~d oxxfybdon) ht~ nfdw lf~ boud ~bd o}}doxolgdfe nde l ~d wfc n ~`wwtd, ^bd }o~ dl~ tlndxydl~ wtxidxp# y`~b ldio~ùd xdwdg~ fl joxi`l fl j`gxfwgf}p# oln lf }fw ~ùdxdi`floc cpj}b lfndw,

Eì, 8?, O 40*pdox*fcn jol y`~b w~oid @U }olgxdo~`gondlfgoxg`lfjo, Oròc etwdn ]D^&G^ `joid wbfywENI*ou`n cde~ wt}xogcou`gtcox ondlf}o~bp "gtxudnyb`~d oxxfybdonw) gflw`w~dl~ y`~b jd~ow~o~`g n`wdowd,

W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >8?


16/22

xdwdg~oh c`~p "22 uw 08$), Bfydudx# `l olf~bdx

w~tnp# ~bd DTW edo~txd fe cfww fe ~bd `l~dix`~p fe

~bd dgbf}cold wtxxftln`li o udwwdc `ln`go~dn

~tjfx onbdxdlgd ~f uowgtco~txd `l flcp 80$ fe

gowdw# oln `l lfld yow ~bdxd b`w~fcfi`g du`ndlgd

fe `luow`fl,48 O }xfw}dg~ùd hc`lndn w~tnp fe 58

}o~`dl~w duocto~`li oggtxogp fe cfgfxdi`floc w~oi*`li tw`li wtxi`goc gfle xjo~ fl gfj}oxdn DTW#

JX `joi`li# oln G^ oln wbfydn oggtxog`dw fe

58$# 52$# oln 9>$ xdw}dg~ùdcp,47 @l ~bd wojd

w~tnp# G^ bon ol oggtxogp fe 27$ efx uowgtcox

`luow`fl udxwtw 94$ efx DTW, ^bdwd `ludw~ìo~fxw

gflgctndn ~bo~ DTW jop hd hdw~ twdn ow o }f~dl*

~òccp gfle`xjo~fxp ~dw~ efccfy`li G^ efx xdwdg~ohcd

~tjfxw,47 O wpw~djo~`g xdu`dy fe ~bd c`~dxo~txd hp

Ndy`~~ oln gfccdoitdw4> gflgctndn ~bo~ bd~dxfid*

ldftw w~tnp ndwìl# w~tnp qtoc ~p# oln nèedx`li

xdwtc~w }xdudl~dn o gcdox nd~dxj`lo~`fl fe ybd~bdx

G^ fx DTW yow hd~~dx efx duocto~`fl fe }o~`dl~w

hdefxd wtxidxp oln ~bo~ ydcc*gfl~xfccdn }xfw}dg*

~ùd w~tn`dw ydxd ldgdwwoxp,

Tldlbolgdn ]D^&G^# ow ocxdonp lf~dn# nfdw

lf~ boud o xfcd efx cfgoc w~oi`li fe }olgxdo~ g

golgdx, Bfydudx# ow ocwf ocxdonp lf~dn# ybdl

}dxefxjdn y`~b `l~xoudlftw gfl~xow~# `~ wddjw ~f

}dxefxj gfj}oxohcp y`~b gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn G^,

O~~dl~`fl ~f ~dgbl`qtd# `lgctn`li ~b`l*wdg~`fl

`joi`li oln ~bd ~`j`li fe }bowdw fe `joid ogqt`*

w`~`fl# càdcp xdjo`l `j}fx~ol~ efx oggtxo~d w~oi`li,

Lfnoc N`wdowd

^bd oggtxogp efx owwdww`li lfnoc n`wdowd `w

c`j`~dn xdioxncdww fe ~bd jfnoc ~p twdn, Lfnoc

w`{d fe ixdo~dx ~bol ? gj `l ~bd wbfx~ or`w bow

jfw~ gfjjflcp hddl twdn fl JX `joi`li oln

G^ ow o ~bxdwbfcn efx `ndl~èp`li jd~ow~o~`g lfndw#

ht~ `w lflw}dgè`g, @l o w~tnp tw`li o w`{d gx`~dx`fl

fe ?,4 gj fx coxidx fl G^ ow o wìl fe jd~ow~o~`g

lfnoc n`wdowd# flcp ?5,9$ fe }o~`dl~w y`~b lfnoc

`lufcudjdl~ ydxd `ndl~ e`dn ow bou`li lfnocn`wdowd fl }xdf}dxo~ùd G^,4= Ldudx~bdcdww# `~ `w

`j}fx~ol~ ~f `ndl~èp lfndw ft~w`nd ~bd gfludl*

~`floc wtxi`goc e`dcn# wtgb ow lfndw ~f ~bd cde~ fe

~bd WJO "Eì, 87), ]D^&G^ bow hddl xd}fx~dn ~f

boud wdlw`~ù`~`dw fe >5$ ~f 9?$ oln w}dgè`g`~`dw

fe 57$ ~f ?==$4449 efx lfnoc n`wdowd "wdd Eìw,

8= oln 8?), ]D^&G^ `w }xfhohcp twdetc `l ~bd wd~~`li

fe `ndl~èp`li lfndw jfw~ wtw}`g`ftw efx h`f}wp#

ht~ `w c`j`~dn efx wjocc*ufctjd n`wdowd# oln gollf~

nèedxdl~ò~d hd~yddl `lecojjo~fxp ondlf}o~bp

udxwtw jd~ow~o~`g ondlf}o~bp, ^bd c`j ~dn e`dcn

fe u`w`h`c`~p fe DTW }xdudl~w o gfj}xdbdlwùd duoc*to~`fl fe ~bd ohnfjdl efx ondlf}o~bp# }ox~`gtcoxcp

efx lfndw ft~w`nd ~bd wtxi`goc e`dcn,42Ow y`~b f~bdx

jfnoc`~`dw# `~w wdlw`~ù`~p `w ocwf c`j`~dn hdgotwd fe

~bd `loh`c`~p ~f nd~dg~ lfnoc j`gxfjd~ow~owdw, ^bd

gfjh`lo~`fl fe DTW y`~b ELO bow hddl wbfyl ~fixdo~cp `lgxdowd ~bd w}dgè g`~p fe nòilfw`w efx

}olgxdo~`g golgdx#40 oln oc~bftib `lefxjo~`fl `l

~bd c`~dxo~txd `w c`j`~dn# `~ `w dr}dg~dn ~bo~ DTW*

ELO yftcn boud bìb w}dgè g ~p# oln ~bdxdefxd

twdetcldww# `l ~bd duocto~`fl fe wtw}`g`ftw cpj}b

lfndw# joa`li `~ o twdetc }xfhcdj wfcudx ybdl

wtgb nd~dxj`lo~`flw lddn ~f hd jond# oc~bftib

`~w oh`c`~p ~f duocto~d wtgb lfndw `w oio`l c`j`~dn

hp ~bd xolid fe u`wtoc`{o~`fl fe ~bd ohnfjdl hp

DTW# ~bd xolid fe woed oggdww efx ELO h`f}wp#

oln ~bd }xfhcdjw fe woj}c`li dxxfx `lbdxdl~ y`~blfnoc j`gxfjd~ow~owdw, Doxcp yfxa wtiidw~w ~bo~

DTW }o`xdn y`~b dcow~fixo}bp jop boud }xfj`wd

`l `j}xfu`li `~w wdlw`~ù`~p oln w}dgè`g`~p efx lfnoc

`lufcudjdl~,5=

Jd~ow~owdw

]olgxdo~`g golgdx jfw~ gfjjflcp jd~ow~ow`{dw

~f cùdx# }dx ~fldtj# ctliw# oln hfld# oc~bftib

hfld jd~ow~owdw ~p}`goccp fggtx co~d `l ~bd gftxwd

fe ~b`w n`wdowd, G^# JX `joi`li# oln ]D^&G^ }cop

gfj}cdjdl~oxp xfcdw `l ~bd duocto~`fl efx jd~o*w~o~`g n`wdowd,

Cùdx jd~ow~owdw oxd jfw~ gfjjflcp owwdwwdn

hp d`~bdx G^ fx JX `joi`li, Oc~bftib fcndx w~tn`dw

boud xd}fx~dn G^ "wdd Eì, 91 Eì, 8>) bou`li

Eì, 87, O 4>*pdox*fcn jol y`~b h`f}wp*}xfudlhfxndxc`ld w~oid @@ ~f @@@ }olgxdo~`g golgdx olnxdi`floc lfnoc n`wdowd, Oròc `joid exfj howdc`ld G^w~tnp wbfyw ~tjfx `l ~bd tlg`lo~d "yb`~d oxxfy)oht~~`li hp jfxd ~bol 0= ~bd WJO# hp dr~dlw`flocfli ~bd @]NO "yb`~d oxxfybdon), ^f ~bd cde~ fe ~bdWJO `w ondlf}o~bp "gtxudn yb`~d oxxfybdon),

ôjj d~ oc>88


17/22

o wdlw`~ù`~p fe 94$ ~f 29$#5?57 o xdgdl~ w~tnp

gfj}ox li JNG^ y`~b G^ ox~dxòc }fx~fixo}bp

oln G^*oww`w~dn bd}o~`g ox~dx`fixo}bp wbfydn

JNG^ ~f boud o wdlw`~ù`~p fe >2,>$ oln w}dg`*

e`g`~p fe 09,0$ efx cùdx jd~ow~owdw,5> Wjocc*

ufctjd jd~ow~owdw ~f cùdx# }ox~`gtcoxcp }dx`~fldoc

`j}col~w ~f ~bd cùdx wtxeogd# boud hddl o nèe`gtc~pefx gxfww*wdg~`floc `joi`li# ow `w ocwf ~bd coga fe

w}dgè`g`~p fe udxp wjocc cdw`flw,>9>0 JX `joi`li

bow fe~dl wdxudn ow o }xfhcdj wfcudx efx cùdx

jd~ow~owdw "Eì, 84)# oln xdgdl~ ndudcf}jdl~w

wtgb ow nèetw`fl*ydìb~dn `joi`li "Eì, 85) oln

~bd twd fe cùdx*w}dgè`g gfl~xow~ oidl~w oxd }xfj*

`w`li, @l o w~tnp fe ?4 }o~`dl~w y`~b 58 cùdx jd~ow*

~owdw# gfj}ox`li ionfrd~`g og`n JX `joi`li "ocùdx*w}dgè`g oidl~ ~bo~ gol ocwf hd twdn efx

Eì, 8>, O 4>*pdox*fcn yfjol y`~b jtc~`}cd cùdx jd~ow~owdwexfj}olgxdo~ g golgdx, "O) ]olgxdo~`g }oxdlgbpjoc}bowdwbfyw jtc~ }cd jd~ow~owdw "hcoga oxxfyw) ~bo~ wbfy }dx }bdxoc bp}dxndlwd dlbolgdjdl~ oln gdl~xoc bp}fndlw ~p, "H)]fx~oc udlftw }bowd `joid wbfyw flcp o bp}fndlwd o}}doxolgd fe jd~ow~owdw "hcoga oxxfyw),

Eì, 84, O >7*pdox*fcn yfjol hd`li duocto~dn efx }fww`hcd cùdx jd~ow~owdw, Gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn }fx~oc udlftw}bowd G^ `joid "O) wbfyw cdw`flw wtw}`g`ftw efx jd~ow~owdw "hcoga oxxfyw) o}}dox`li wcìb~cp bp}fndlwd fxwbfy`li tltwtoc# wcìb~cp }xfj`ldl~# dlbolgdjdl~, Wthwdqtdl~ JX `joi`li droj`lo~`fl "H) wbfyw co~d ox~dxòc}bowd x`li dlbolgdjdl~ efx wdudxoc cdw`flw y`~b "G) yowbft~ fl }fx~oc udlftw }bowd# o}}dox`li jfxd }xfj`ldl~fl ~bd JX `joi`li ~bol fl G^ oln gfle`xj`li ~bo~ wdudxoc fe ~bdwd cdw`flw oxd cùdx jd~ow~owdw,

W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >87


18/22

nploj`g `joi`li) y`~b JNG^# JX `joi`li bon

ixdo~dx wdlw`~ù`~p ~bol G^ "24$ uw 50$),54 JX

`joi`li owwdwwjdl~ fe ~bd }x`joxp ~tjfx yow~bftib~ ~f hd w`j cox ~f ~bo~ fe JNG^ efx ~bd

}tx}fwdw fe cfgoc w~oi`li,54 C`j`~dn `lefxjo~`fl

`w ouo`cohcd fl ~bd xfcd fe ]D^&G^ `l ~bd nòilfw`w

fe cùdx jd~ow~owdw "wdd Eì, 8=), W~tn`dw ~bo~ duoc*

to~dn ybfcd*hfnp ectfxfndfrpictgfwd "ENI) ]D^

wbfydn wdlw`~ u ~`dw fe o}}xfr`jo~dcp 59$ ~f

9=$,5552 O jfxd xdgdl~ w~tnp gfj}ox`li `l~xo*

udlftw gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn ]D^&G^# tldlbolgdn

]D^&G # oln ]D^ ocfld wbfydn wdlw`~ u`~`dw

efx cùdx jd~ow~owdw fe 28$# >5$# oln >5$#

xdw}dg~ùdcp,

>7

]olgxdo~ g jd~ow~owdw ~f ~bd }dx ~fldtj oxd

twtoccp fe wjocc ufctjd oln boud hddl nèe`gtc~

~f nd~dg~ hp olp jfnoc`~p "Eì, 89), ^b`w nèe`gtc~p

bow cdn ~f ~bd wtiidw~`fl fe tw`li co}oxfwgf}p

~f wgxddl }o~ dl~w efx }dx ~fldoc n`wdowd, ^b`w

o}}xfogb bow ~bd c`j ~o~`fl ~bo~ w`~dw `ndl~è`dn

fl co}oxfwgf}p jop lf~ hd `ndl~ eòhcd fl

gxfww*wdg~`floc `joi`li# oln ~bdxdefxd yftcn

lf~ hd ojdlohcd ~f `joi`li efccfy*t}, @l onn`*

~`fl# o jd~o*olocpw`w wtiidw~dn ~bo~# `l ~bd

wd~~`li fe ntoc*}bowd ~b`l*wdg~ fl G^# ~bd twd

fe onn`~`floc dr}cfxo~fxp co}oxfwgf}p yftcnoc~dx joloidjdl~ `l# o~ jfw~# >$ ~f ?4$ fe

}o~`dl~w,50

]D &G^ bow hddl onufgo~dn ow o jdolw efx

`ndl~èp`li tldr}dg~dn n`w~ol~ w`~dw fe jd~ow~o~`g

n`wdowd "wdd Eìw, 8= oln 8?) hdgotwd `~ `w

o ybfcd*hfnp jfnoc ~p# ow f}}fwdn ~f gfludl*

~`floc JNG^ oln JX `joi`li# yb`gb oxd ~p}`goccptwdn `l o loxxfy xolid fe olo~fj`g xdi`flw

"ohnfjdl# ohnfjdl&}dcu`w# fx# `l ~bd gowd fe

G^# gbdw~# ohnfjdl# oln }dcu`w), O w~tnp fe ?=7

}o~`dl~w `l yb`gb ~bd ENI*]D^ no~o ydxd xd*

u`dydn oln gfj}oxdn y`~b JNG^# ~bd nd~dg~`fl

xo~d efx cùdx jd~ow~owdw yow cdww ~bol ~bo~ fe

G^# ht~ hd~~dx ~bol G^ efx nd~dg~`fl fe xdjf~d

Eì, 85, O 9?*pdox*fcn yfjol y`~b }olgxdo~`g golgdx w~o~tw }fw~ Yb`}}cd }xfgdntxd 8 pdoxw doxc`dx, Cdw`fl " yb`~doxxfybdon) `l cùdx fl "O) }fx~oc udlftw }bowd wbfyw cfy*`l~dlw`~p gdl~dx oln }dx`}bdxoc dlbolgdjdl~, "H) Fleo~*wt}}xdwwdn ^8*ydìb~dn `joi`li# ~bd cdw`fl wbfyw hxìb~ gdl~xoc efgtw càdcp xd}xdwdl~`li ldgxfw`w, Fl nèet*w`fl "G)# ~bd cdw`fl o}}doxw hxìb~, Lf~d ~bo~ ~bd x`j fe dlbolgdjdl~ fe cùdx jd~ow~owdw `w o uoxòhcd e`ln`lihd~yddl }o~`dl~w fl JX `joi`li,

Eì, 89, ]dx`~fldoc jd~ow~owdw `l o >5*pdox*fcn yfjoly`~b }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Oròc gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn}fx~oc udlftw }bowd G^ `joid wbfyw }dx`~fldocn`wdowd jolèdw~`li ow wjocc lfntcd "gtxudn yb`~doxxfy) oln ow hxfon wfe~ ~`wwtd ~b`gadl`li "yb`~doxxfybdonw),

ôjj d~ oc>8>


19/22

cpj}b lfnd oln hfld jd~ow~owdw,9= Bfydudx# ~bd

wojd w~tnp ocwf lf~dn ~bo~ JNG^ `ln`go~dn f~bdx

lflgtxo~ùd eog~fxw `l ~bdwd }o~`dl~w, Occ }o~`dl~w

ybf ydxd lf~ xdwdg~ohcd gftcn hd `ndl~ e`dn ow

wtgb y`~bft~ ENI*]D^, Onn`~`floc `lefxjo~`fl `w

lddndn ~f `ndl~èp ybd~bdx ~bdxd `w onndn hdlde`~

efx ]D^&G^ gfj}oxdn y`~b JNG , Olf~bdxgflw`ndxo~`fl `w ~bd twd fe gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn

]D &G # yb`gb gftcn occfy efx ~b`w jfnoc ~p ~f

hdgfjd o w`licd ~dgbl`qtd efx ybfcd*hfnp w~oi`li

fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx# }xfu`n`li `lefxjo~`fl fl ~bd

etcc iojt~ exfj cfgoc uowgtcox `lufcudjdl~ ~f

n`w~ol~ cùdx# ctli# hfld# oln eox n`w~ol~ lfnoc

jd~ow~owdw,>7

XD]FX^@LI FE @JOI@LI E@LN@LIW

Efccfy`li `joi`li oln `~w oggtxo~d `l~dx}xd~o~`fl#

}xfhohcp ~bd ldr~ jfw~ `j}fx~ol~ `wwtd `w ~bo~ e`ln*

`liw hd ndwgx`hdn `l o gcdox# gflw`w~dl~ jolldx#

tlndxw~olnohcd hp occ }bpw`gòlw ybf oxd `lufcudn

`l o }o~ dl~w goxd, Tlgcdox xd}fx~w gol gxdo~d

gfletw`fl ~bo~ gol }f~dl~òccp xdwtc~ `l }o~`dl~w

hd`li owwìldn `lgfxxdg~cp ~f ~xdo~jdl~ ~xòcw, Efx

}o~`dl~w ~xoudc`li hd~yddl `lw~ ~t~`flw# tlgcdox

xd}fx~w gftcn xdwtc~ `l ~bd xd}do~ li fe `joi`li

w~tn`dw,

Efx ~b`w xdowfl# o~~dj}~w boud hddl jond ~f

w~olnoxn`{d xd}fx~`li fe `joi`li e`ln`liw efx

}olgxdo~`g golgdx, Ol ox~`gcd exfj ftx `lw~`~t~`flxdioxn`li jtc~ n`wg`}c`loxp goxd fe }o~`dl~w y`~b

}olgxdo~`g golgdx }xf}fwdn o ~dj}co~d efx n`g~o*

~`fl fe G^ e`ln`liw efx }o~ dl~w y`~b }olgxdo~`g

golgdx# `lgctn`li ndwgx`}~`flw fe ~bd }x`joxp

~tjfxw w`{d# cfgo~`fl# xdco~`flwb`} ~f udwwdcw

"tw`li ~bd ~dxjw oht~jdl~# ?2= fe gfl~og~#

oln dlgowdjdl~#


20/22

?>, Ldf}~fcdjfw K]# Ntll KO# W~fgadl NN# d~ oc,

Onktuol~ gbdjfxon`f~bdxo}p oln gbdjf~bdxo}p

`l xdwdg~ohcd }olgxdo~`g golgdx; o xolnfj`wdn

gfl~xfccdn ~xòc, Colgd~ 8==?1742"0807);?49524,

?4, Ldf}~fcdjfw K]# W~fgadl NN# Ex`dww B# d~ oc,

O xolnfj`{dn ~xòc fe gbdjfxon`f~bdxo}p oln

gbdjf~bdxo}p oe~dx xdwdg~`fl fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx,L Dlic K Jdn 8==>174="?8);?8==?=,

?5, Xdi`ld YE# Y`l~dx AO# Ohxojw XO# d~ oc, Ectfxf*

txog`c uw idjg`~oh`ld gbdjf~bdxo}p hdefxd oln

oe~dx ectfxftxog`c*howdn gbdjfxonò~ fl efccfy*

`li xdwdg~`fl fe }olgxdo~ g ondlfgoxg`lfjo; o

xolnfj`{dn gfl~xfccdn ~xòc, KOJO 8==21800"0);

?=?085,

?9, Aocwdx JB# Dccdlhdxi WW, ]olgxdo~`g golgdx, Onkt*

uol~ gfjh`ldn xonò~ fl oln gbdjf~bdxo}p efc*

cfy`li gtxo~ùd xdwdg~`fl, Oxgb Wtxi ?0241?8="2);

2000=7,

?2, Ocfò Ô# Cdd KD# Uot~bdp KL# d~ oc, Ndcopdn

xdgfudxp oe~dx }olgxdo~`gfntfndldg~fjp; o jokfx

eog~fx `j}o`x li ~bd ndc udxp fe onktuol~ ~bdxo}p6

K Oj Gfcc Wtxi 8==918=>"7);7>944,

?0, Uoxonbogboxp IX# ojj D]# Ohhxt{{dwd KC# d~ oc,

Hfxndxc`ld xdwdg~ohcd }olgxdo~`g golgdx; nde`l`~`flw#

joloidjdl~# oln xfcd fe }xdf}dxo~ùd ~bdxo}p, Oll

Wtxi Flgfc 8==51?7"2);?=74>5,

8=, Wowwfl OX# Yd~bdx`li~fl XY# Bfeejol K]# d~ oc,

Ldfonktuol~ gbdjfxon`f~bdxo}p efx ondlfgoxg`*

lfjo fe ~bd }olgxdow; olocpw`w fe b`w~f}o~bfcfip

oln ft~gfjd, @l~ K Iow~xf`l~dw~ Golgdx 8==717>"87);?8?2,

8?, Yb`~d XX# R`d BH# If~~ex dn JX# d~ oc, Wìlè`golgd fe

b`w~fcfi`goc xdw}flwd ~f }xdf}dxo~ùd gbdjfxon`f*

~bdxo}p efx }olgxdo~ g golgdx, Oll Wtxi Flgfc

8==41?8"7);8?>8?,

88, ]`li}ola KE# Bfeejol K]# Xfww DO# d~ oc, Deedg~ fe

}xdf}dxo~ùd gbdjfxon`f~bdxo}p fl wtxi`goc joxi`l

w~o~tw fe xdwdg~dn ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd bdon

fe ~bd }olgxdow, K Iow~xf`l~dw~ Wtxi 8==?14"8);

?8?7=,

87, Bd`lx`gb W# Wgboedx J# Ydhdx O# d~ oc, Ldfonktuol~

gbdjf~bdxo}p idldxo~dw o wìlè gol~ ~tjfx xd*

w}flwd `l xdwdg~ohcd }olgxdo~`g golgdx y`~bft~

`lgxdow`li jfxh`n`~p; xdwtc~w fe o }xfw}dg~ùd }bowd

@@ ~xòc, Oll Wtxi 8==218>2"5);?=?>88,

8>, Duolw NH# Uoxonbogboxp IX# Gxold GB# d~ oc,

]xdf}dxo~ùd idjg ~oh`ld*howdn gbdjfxonò~`fl

efx }o~`dl~w y`~b xdwdg~ohcd ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd

}olgxdo~`gbdon, K Gc`l Flgfc 8==2185"8?);7>054=8,

84, Uoxonbogboxp IX# Yfcee XO# Gxold GB# d~ oc, ]xdf}*

dxo~ ud idjg`~oh`ld oln g`w}co~`l efccfydn hp

idjg ~oh`ld*howdn gbdjfxonò~`fl efx xdwdg~ohcd

ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd }olgxdo~`g bdon, K Gc`l Fl*gfc 8==2185"8?);7>2904,

85, Bd`lx`gb W# ]dw~ocf{{` HG# Wgboedx J# d~ oc, ]xfw}dg*

~ùd }bowd @@ ~xòc fe ldfonktuol~ gbdjf~bdxo}p

y`~b idjg`~oh`ld oln g`w}co~`l efx xdwdg~ohcd

ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd }olgxdo~`g bdon, K Gc`l Fl*

gfc 8==2185"?4);84857?,

89, Drfgx`ld oln dlnfgx`ld }olgxdow, @l; Dnid WH#

Hpxn NX# Gfj}~fl GG# d~ oc# dn`~fxw, OKGG golgdx

w~oi`li joltoc, 9~b dn ~`fl, Ldy Pfxa; W}x lidx1

8=?=, }, 8>?4=,

82, Etbxjol IJ# Cdogb WN# W~ocdp GO# d~ oc, Xo~`f*locd efx dl hcfg ud`l xdwdg~`fl `l ~bd ~xdo~jdl~ fe

}olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo onbdxdl~ ~f ~bd wt}d*

x`fx jdwdl~dx`g*}fx~oc ud`l gflectdlgd, ]olgxdo~`g

^tjfx W~tnp Ixft}, Oll Wtxi ?0051887"8);

?4>58,

80, dj}dxf JO# Oxlfcd~~` K]# Hdbxjol W# d~ oc, ]olgxd*

o~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo, K Lo~c Gfj}x Golg Ld~y

8=?=12"0);098?=?9,

7=, Lo~`floc Gfj}xdbdlwùd Golgdx Ld~yfxa @, Gc`l`goc

}xog~`gd it`ndc`ldw `l flgfcfip; }olgxdo~`g ondlf*

goxg`lfjo, Q}ne e`cdZ, 8=??, ?,8=?8, Ouo`cohcd o~;

b~~};&&yyy,lggl,fxi&}xfedww`flocw&}bpw`gòlVicw&]NE&

}olgxdo~`g,}ne, Oggdwwdn Lfudjhdx 9# 8=??,

7?, Ao~{ JB# ]`w~dxw ]Y# Cdd KD# d~ oc, Hfxndxc`ld

xdwdg~ohcd }olgxdo~`g golgdx; ybo~ boud yd cdoxldn

oln ybdxd nf yd if exfj bdxd6 Oll Wtxi Flgfc

8=??1?2"7);5=2?=,

78, Ohxojw XO# Cfyp OJ# FXd`ccp DJ# d~ oc, Gfjh`ldn

jfnoc ~p ~xdo~jdl~ fe xdwdg~ohcd oln hfxndx*

c`ld xdwdg~ohcd }olgxdow golgdx; dr}dx~ gflwdl*

wtw w~o~djdl~, Oll Wtxi Flgfc 8==01?5"9);

?94?5,

77, A`j # Jtxoaoj` # oaobowb` W# d~ oc, ]olgxdo~`g G^`joi`li; deedg~w fe n eedxdl~ `lkdg~ fl xo~dw oln

nfwdw fe gfl~xow~ jo~dxòc, Xon`fcfip ?00018?8"?);

8?084,

7>, Wgbtdccdx I# Wgb`jo Y# Wgbtdccdx*Yd`ndaojj G#

d~ oc, Jtc~ nd~dg~fx G^ fe }olgxdow; deedg~w fe

gfl~xow~ jo~dxòc ecfy xo~d oln `lnù`ntoc`{dn wgol

ndcop fl dlbolgdjdl~ fe }olgxdow oln ~tjfx

gfl~xow~, Xon`fcfip 8==518>?"8);>>?2,

74, ^thc`l JD# dwwcdx EL# Gbdli WC# d~ oc, Deedg~ fe

`lkdg~`fl xo~d fe gfl~xow~ jdn`tj fl }olgxdo~`g

oln bd}o~`g bdc goc G , Xon`fcfip ?00018?="?);

09?=?,

75, Ecd~gbdx KI# Y`dxwdjo JK# Eoxxdcc JO# d~ oc, ]olgxd*

o~`g joc ilolgp; uoctd fe ox~dxòc# }olgxdo~`g# oln

bd}o~`g }bowd `joi`li y`~b jtc~`*nd~dg~fx xfy G^,

Xon`fcfip 8==71880"?);2?0=,

79, Eopon CJ# J ~gbdcc NI, Joild~ g xdwflolgd

`joi`li fe }olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo, @l~ K Iow*

~xf`l~dw~ Golgdx 8==?17="?8);?084,

72, ]ojtacox D# Wdjdcao XG, JX `joi`li fe ~bd

}olgxdow, Joil Xdwfl @joi`li Gc l Lfx~b Oj

8==41?7"8);7?77=,

70, A`j KB# ]oxa WB# Pt DW# d~ oc, U`wtoccp `wfo~~dlto~`li}olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo o~ nploj`g*dlbolgdn

G^; exdqtdlgp# gc`l`goc oln }o~bfcfi`g gboxog~dx`w*

~`gw# oln nòilfw`w o~ `joi`li droj`lo~`flw, Xon`*

fcfip 8=?=1849"?);2905,

ôjj d~ oc>85
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>=, ojj D]# Cfpdx DJ# Eoxò WG# d~ oc, Xd~xfw}dg~ùd

olocpw`w fe ntoc*}bowd JNG^ oln efccfy*t} DTW&

DTW*ELO `l ~bd nòilfw`w fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Oh*

nfj @joi`li 8==9178"4);55=9,

>?, Y`dxwdjo JK# U`cjoll ]# I`fuoll`l` J# d~ oc, Dlnf*

wflfixo}bp*it`ndn e`ld*lddncd ow}`xo~`fl h`f}wp;

nòilfw~`g oggtxogp oln gfj}c`go~`fl owwdwwjdl~,Iow~xfdl~dxfcfip ?0091??8">);?=2904,

>8, I`fuoll`l` J, ^bd }cogd fe dlnfwgf}`g tc~xowftln `l

h`c`f*}olgxdo~`g }o~bfcfip, Iow~xfdl~dxfc Gc`l H`fc

8=?=17>"20);>75>4,

>7, W~xfhdc A# Bd`lx`gb W# Hbtxd T# d~ oc, Gfl~xow~*

dlbolgdn ?2E*ENI ]D^&G ; ?*w~f}*wbf} `joi`li

efx owwdww`li ~bd xdwdg~oh`c`~p fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx,

K Ltgc Jdn 8==21>0"0);?>=2?7,

>>, Ndchdad N# Jox~`l YB, ]D^ oln ]D^&G^ efx }olgxd*

o~`g jocìlolg`dw, Wtxi Flgfc Gc`l Lfx~b Oj 8=?=1

?0"8);8744>,

>4, Ct NW# Xdhdx BO# Axowlp XJ# d~ oc, Cfgoc w~oi`li fe

}olgxdo~`g golgdx; gx ~dx o efx tlxdwdg~oh`c ~p fe

jokfx udwwdcw ow xdudocdn hp }olgxdo~`g*}bowd#

~b`l*wdg~`fl bdc goc G , OKX Oj K Xfdl~idlfc

?0091?52"5);?>70>7,

>5, Cdd KA# A`j OP# A`j ]L# d~ oc, ]xdn`g~`fl fe uowgtcox

`lufcudjdl~ oln xdwdg~oh`c ~p hp jtc~`nd~dg~fx*xfy

G^ udxwtw JX `joi`li y`~b JX oli`fixo}bp `l

}o~ dl~w ybf tlndxydl~ wtxidxp efx xdwdg~ fl fe

}olgxdo~`g ntg~oc ondlfgoxg`lfjo, Dtx K Xon`fc

8=?=197"8);7?=5,

>9, Aoldaf FE# Cdd NJ# Yfli K# d~ oc, ]dxefxjolgd fejtc~`nd~dg~fx gfj}t~dn ~fjfixo}b`g oli`fixo}bp

`l nd~dxj`l`li wtxi`goc xdwdg~oh`c ~p fe }olgxdo~`g

bdon ondlfgoxg`lfjo, K Gfj}t~ Oww`w~ fjfix

8=?=17>"4);9782,

>2, [ojhfl` IO# Axtwaoc KH# Ufccjdx GJ# d~ oc, ]olgxd*

o~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo; uoctd fe jtc~`nd~dg~fx G^

oli`fixo}bp `l }xdf}dxo~ùd duocto~ fl, Xon`fcfip

8==918>4"7);99=2,

>0, ojj D]# Cfpdx DJ# Eoxò W# d~ oc, W~oi`li fe

}olgxdo~ g golgdx y`~b jtc~ nd~dg~fx G^ `l ~bd

wd~~`li fe }xdf}dxo~ùd gbdjfxonò~`fl ~bdxo}p, Oh*

nfj @joi`li 8==517?"4);4529>,

4=, Uoccw G# Olnò D# Wolgbd{ O# d~ oc, Ntoc*}bowd

bdc`goc G^ fe }olgxdo~`g ondlfgoxg`lfjo; owwdww*

jdl~ fe xdwdg~oh`c ~p hdefxd wtxidxp, OKX Oj K

Xfdl~idlfc 8==81?92">);28?5,

4?, Oxwcol O# Htoldw # Id`~tli K , ]olgxdo~`g goxg`*

lfjo; JX# JX oli`fixo}bp oln nploj`g bdc goc

G^ `l ~bd duocto~`fl fe uowgtcox `luow`fl, Dtx K Xo*

n`fc 8==?172"8);?4?0,

48, Owcolòl B# Wocdj X# Cdd K# d~ oc, DTW nòilfw`w fe

uowgtcox `luow`fl `l }olgxdo~`g golgdx; wtxi`goc oln

b`w~fcfi`g gfxxdco~dw, Oj K Iow~xfdl~dxfc 8==41?=="5);?72?4,

47, Wfxòlf O# Gow~dccw O# Optwf G# d~ oc, ]xdf}dxo~ùd

w~oi`li oln ~tjfx xdwdg~oh`c ~p owwdwwjdl~ fe

}olgxdo~`g golgdx; }xfw}dg~ùd w~tnp gfj}ox li

dlnfwgf}`g tc~xowflfixo}bp# bdc`goc gfj}t~dn ~f*

jfixo}bp# joild~`g xdwflolgd `joi`li# oln

oli`fixo}bp, Oj K Iow~xfdl~dxfc 8==>100"7);

>084=?,

4>, Ndy`~~ K# Ndudxdotr HJ# Cdbjol IO# d~ oc, Gfj}ox*

`wfl fe dlnfwgf}`g tc~xowftln oln gfj}t~dn

~fjfixo}bp efx ~bd }xdf}dxo~ ud duocto~ fl fe}olgxdo~`g golgdx; o wpw~djo~`g xdu`dy, Gc`l Iow~xf*

dl~dxfc Bd}o~fc 8==51>"5);9?984 Qqt`{; 55>Z,

44, ]oa{on E# Ixfudw OJ# Dcc ]K, ^bd xfcd fe }fw`~xfl

dj`ww`fl ~fjfixo}bp `l ~bd joloidjdl~ fe

}olgxdo~`g golgdx, Wdj`l Ltgc Jdn 8==5175"7);

8>245,

45, Hoxdw X# Nfbjdl HJ# Gxdjdx`tw T# d~ oc, Xdwtc~w fe

}fw`~xfl dj`ww`fl ~fjfixo}bp y`~b ectfx ld*?2

cohdcdn ectfxfndfrpictgfwd `l nèedxdl~òc nòilfw`w

oln w~oi`li fe }olgxdo~`g goxg`lfjo, Xon`fcfid

?005175"4);>74>= Q`l IdxjolZ,

49, Hoxdw X# Acdudx ]# Bot}~joll W# d~ oc, E*?2 ectfxf*

ndfrpictgfwd ]D^ `l uùf duocto~`fl fe }olgxdo~`g

ictgfwd jd~ohfc`wj efx nd~dg~`fl fe }olgxdo~`g

golgdx, Xon`fcfip ?00>1?08"?);9025,

42, Aoco [# Uocda U# Bcouwo K# d~ oc, ^bd xfcd fe G^

oln dlnfwgf}`g tc~xowftln `l }xd*f}dxo~ ud w~oi*

`li fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Dtx K Xon`fc 8==9158"8);

?550,

40, J`~wtbowb` # Iboeox` W# Gboli GP# d~ oc, Dlnf*

wgf}`g tc~xowftln*it`ndn e`ld lddncd ow}`xo~`fl fe

~bd }olgxdow; gp~fjfx}bfcfi`goc duocto~`fl y`~b

dj}bow`w fl ondqtogp owwdwwjdl~# nòilfw~`ggx`~dxò oln gfl~oj`lo~`fl exfj ~bd iow~xf`l~dw~`loc

~xog~, Gp~f}o~bfcfip 8==51?9"?);7>>?,

5=, I`fuoll`l` J# ^bfjow H# Dxyol H# d~ oc, Dlnf*

wgf}`g tc~xowftln dcow~fixo}bp efx duocto~`fl fe

cpj}b lfndw oln }olgxdo~ g jowwdw; o jtc~ *

gdl~dx w~tnp, Yfxcn K Iow~xfdl~dxfc 8==01?4"?7);

?42907,

5?, X`gb~dx IJ# W`jfl G# Bfeejoll U# d~ oc, Bpnxfw}`xoc

G^ fe ~bd }olgxdow `l ~b`l wdg~`fl ~dgbl`qtd, Xon`fc*

fid ?005175"4);709>=4 Q`l IdxjolZ,

58, xdnd J# Xtjw~on~ H# Ydlnc A# d~ oc, Tc~xoeow~

joild~`g xdwflolgd `joi`li `j}xfudw ~bd w~oi`li

fe }olgxdo~ g ~tjfxw, Oll Wtxi ?0091885">);

707>=4 Qn`wgtww`fl; >=49Z,

57, Gocgtcc C# Gowond` X# Nògflf N# d~ oc, Xfcd fe w}`xoc

gfj}t~dx`{dn ~fjfixo}bp `l ~bd w~oi`li fe }olgxd*

o~`g goxg`lfjo, Xon`fc Jdn ?002104">);7>>2 Q`l

@~ocòlZ,

5>, @at~o P# ôaojfx` B# @adno F# d~ oc, Nd~dg~`fl fe cùdx

jd~ow~owdw wdgflnoxp ~f }olgxdo~`g golgdx; t~`c`~p

fe gfjh`ldn bdc`goc gfj}t~dn ~fjfixo}bp ntx`li

ox~dxòc }fx~fixo}bp y`~b h`}bow`g gfj}t~dn ~fjfi*

xo}bp*oww`w~dn bd}o~`g ox~dx`fixo}bp, K Iow~xfdl~dx*fc 8=?=1>4"?8);?8>?5,

54, Jf~fwti T# @gbàoyo ^# Jfx`woao B# d~ oc, Nd~dg~`fl

fe }olgxdo~`g goxg`lfjo oln cùdx jd~ow~owdw y`~b

ionfrd~`g og`n*dlbolgdn JX `joi`li; gfj}ox`wfl

W~oi`li ]olgxdo~`g Ondlfgoxg`lfjo >89


22/22

y`~b gfl~xow~*dlbolgdn jtc~`*nd~dg~fx xfy G^, Xon`*

fcfip 8=??185="8);>>547,

55, Wobol` NU# Aocuo W]# E`wgbjol OK# d~ oc, Nd~dg~`fl

fe cùdx jd~ow~owdw exfj ondlfgoxg`lfjo fe ~bd

gfcfl oln }olgxdow; gfj}ox`wfl fe jolioefn`} x

~x`wfn`tj*dlbolgdn cùdx JX@ oln ybfcd*hfnp

ENI ]D , OKX Oj K Xfdl~idlfc 8==41?24"?);870>5,

59, Exfbc`gb O# N`dndx`gbw GI# W~o`h C# d~ oc, Nd~dg~`fl

fe cùdx jd~ow~owdw exfj }olgxdo~`g golgdx tw`li

ENI ]D^, K Ltgc Jdn ?0001>="8);84=4,

52, N`dndx gbw GI, ]olgxdo~`g golgdx, @l; Xtbcjoll K#

Fdbx ]# H`dxwoga BK# dn`~fxw, ]D^ `l flgfcfip,

Hdxc`l; W}x`lidx*Udxcoi1 ?000, }, ?827>,

50, ]`w~dxw ]Y# Cdd KD# Uot~bdp KL# d~ oc, Co}oxfwgf}p

`l ~bd w~oi`li fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Hx K Wtxi 8==?1

22"7);78479,

9=, @{t`wb` A# Pojojf~f P# Wolf # d~ oc, @j}og~ fe ?2*

ectfxfndfrpictgfwd }fw`~xfl dj`ww fl ~fjfixo}bp

fl ~bd joloidjdl~ fe }olgxdo~`g golgdx, K Iow~xf*

`l~dw~ Wtxi 8=?=1?>"9);??4?2,9?, Duolw NH# Gxold GB# Gboxlwolioudk G# d~ oc, ^bd

onndn uoctd fe jtc~`n`wg`}c`loxp goxd efx }o~ dl~w

y`~b }olgxdo~`g golgdx, Oll Wtxi Flgfc 8==21

?4"2);8=922=,

98, If~~c`dh X# d~ oc, G^ flgf }x`joxp }olgxdow joww

~dj}co~d, 8=??, Ouo`cohcd o~; b~~};&&yyy,xonxd}fx~,

fxi&~r~&=====?2, Oggdwwdn Lfudjhdx ?># 8=??,

ôjj d~ oc>82
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staging cancer pancreas RADIOLOGY

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