Eboni Winford, Ph.D. Suzanne Bailey Psy.D. Kara Johansen, Psy.D. Cherokee Health Systems
Stages of Change Steve Carlson, Psy.D. Spectrum Community Mental Health.
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Transcript of Stages of Change Steve Carlson, Psy.D. Spectrum Community Mental Health.
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Stages of Change
Steve Carlson, Psy.D.Spectrum Community
Mental Health
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“Change is the manifestation
of our ability to grow and become”
Anne Wilson Schaef
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Agenda
The nature and types of change Brain injury and change Stages of change Tools and tasks that help facilitate
change in a positive direction
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Why change?
“Hard work pays off in the future; laziness pays off now”
Steven Wright
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Two types of change
Forced Intentional
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With life there is painPhysicalEmotionalPsychologicalExistential
Pain can motivate us towards change
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Or we can cope with pain by…
Avoid it Resist it Anesthetize it Minimize or deny it Blame others
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Intentional change is hard work!
Too much change causes stress
Too much stability is boring
Stability Change
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Coping with another’s pain
“Whenever we fix other people’s problems, we give them a bigger problem: powerlessness”
Anna Christie
Give a fish? Teach to fish!
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Building motivation for change
What does not work Telling people what to do Persuading with logic Warning Reassuring, consoling The “expert” trap
So what can we do?
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Spirit of Motivational Interviewing
Collaboration Evocation Autonomy
“It is the truth we ourselves speakrather than the
treatmentwe receive that
heals us” O. Hobart Mowrer (1966)
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“What people really need is a
good listening to”
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Create a rich environment through listening Undivided
attention Body language Eye contact Genuine interest Set aside assumptions Silence &
presence
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Brain injury and change
Cognitive deficits Decreased memory and new learning Decreased attention and speed of processing Decreased judgment, insight, and planning
Behavioral deficits Depression Anxiety Impulsivity
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Stages of change
Pre-contemplation “Who, me?”
Contemplation “Yes, but”
Preparation “Uh-oh”
Action “Do it”
Maintenance “The grind”
Relapse “Back to the
drawing board”
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Stages of change and treatment tasks Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Increase concern and hope for change
Tip the decisional balance
Commitment and effective plan
Problem solving; support self-efficacy
Prevent relapse; resolve context problems
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Stage 1: Precontemplation “We don’t know what we don’t know”
No plan to change in the foreseeable future Usually a six
month time frame
Unaware a problem exists
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Stuck in precontemplation
Five R’s Reveling Reluctance Rebellion Resignation Rationalizing
•
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Treatment task for “precontemplators” Increase concern and hope for change
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“It’s all grist to the mill”
Defn: “Everything can be used to move toward a profit or conclusion”. Social pressure Aging Illness Personal concerns Human development Shift in values “Cultivating seeds for change”
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Stage 2: Contemplation“We begin to know that we don’t know”
To change or not to change, that is the question.
Increased instability Ambivalence Taking stock
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Creating an atmosphere for change
“Contemplating change in an
atmosphere of fear, hopelessness,
or exhaustion is a self-defeating
exercise”
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Strategies that promote contemplation Provide feedback at the
proper time Demonstrate as much
objectivity as possible Provide feedback in the
context of concern Effective and doable
consequences that reinforce your expressions of concern
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Processes of change: Cognitive/experiential
Consciousness raising
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation Environmental
reevaluation Social liberation “Surveying the
landscape of my life”
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Treatment task for “contemplators”
The goal: A firm decision to change
The tasks:1. Gathering decisional
considerations2. Examining them3. Compare pro’s and con’s
Desired outcome: Tip the decisional balance
The hope: Increased self-efficacy
Confidence about performing a specific behavior
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Payoff Matrix
Pros
Cons
Change No Change
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Stage 3: Preparation“Yes, I want to change. But how?”
Preparation stage Transition stage Decision to change
is made Reduced
ambivalence Exploration of
options for change
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Treatment tasks for “preparation” stage
1. Making & strengthening a commitment adequate to support the attempt to change
2. Developing a plan for action that is sound, reasonable, and feasible
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Action plan worksheet
1. The changes I want to make are:
2. How important is this goal (level of motivation)
3. The most important reasons to change are:
4. The steps I plan to take in changing are:
5. The ways other people can help me are:
6. I will know if my plan is working if:
7. Some things that could interfere with my plan:
8. How will you manage these barriers?
9. Level of confidence (self-efficacy)
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Stage 4: Action
Breaking free from the ties that bind us to the problem behavior Physiological ties Psychological ties Social ties
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Main tasks of “action stage”
1. “Breaking free” Utilizing behavioral change processes &
strategies of the plan
2. Commitment
3. Revising the plan as needed
4. Managing temptations & slips that can provoke relapse
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Processes of change:Behavioral Reinforcement Counter-
conditioning Stimulus control Self-liberation Helping
relationships
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Relapse
The role of relapse Relapse vs slips Trial & error learning Recycling
Regrouping before the next attempt to quit
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Stage 5: Maintenance“Making change permanent”
Sustaining recovery involves developing new, strong, and healthy habits as well as repairing the damage done by the addiction.
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The successful person…
1. Actively counters threats & temptations
2. Checks and renews commitment3. Makes sure decisional balance
remains negative for reengaging in the problem behavior
4. Establishes a protective environment and satisfying lifestyle
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Best Practices
Exercise patience & adjust expectations Consistent routines & meeting structure Minimize distractions Learning strategies
Interactive teaching Break down information Check for understanding Summarize (you and client)
Measurable goals Step by step plans for change