Stage 1: Early reflexes Birth - 1 month

Stage 2: Primary Circular Reactions 1 - 4 months

Stage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions 4 - 8 months

Stage 4: Combines Secondary Circular Reactions 8 - 12 months

Stage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions 12 - 18 months

Stage 6: The First Symbols 18 – 24 months

PIAGET'S STAGES OF SENSORIMOTOR INTELLIGENCE

Toys That Support Cognitive Development in Infancy

6 - 12 MonthsBirth - 2 Months

Mobile in crib

Rattle

Music box

Squeeze toys

Nested plastic cups

Boxes with lids

Soft ball

Stuffed animals

Pots and pans

Picture books (especially

cloth or cardboard)

12 - 24 Months

Dolls, especially large ones

Toy telephone

Puzzles (5 - 10 pieces)

Vehicles (cars, boats, train)

Sandbox, shovel, and pail

Water toys (cups, funnel, etc.)

Picture books with simple words

Two-month-old

Start

Finish

Start

Finish

One-month-old

Here, the infant mustdiscriminate the dimensionof color. Red shapes arerewarded but blue arenot - provided that thechild looks at the red ones.

R = Rewarded

In phase 2 with a reversalshift, the infant must stilldiscriminate the samedimension, but a differentvalue of the dimension.Color is still rewarded, butnow it is the color blueinstead of red.

In phase 2 with a non-reversal shift, the infant mustdiscriminate a new dimensionin order to be rewarded inthis case the dimension ofshape. Triangles are nowrewarded, regardless of color.

Phase 1 Phase 2Reversal Shift

Phase 2Non-Reversal Shift

R

R R R

R R

Evidence of Object Permanence in Infants

HABITUATION EVENT: First, the child is shown an inclined track with a screen that can be raised and lowered.She becomes habituated to watching a car roll down the track, behind the screen , and out the other side.

TEST EVENTS"Possible" event: In one test condition, a toy mouse is placed behind the tracks, but is hidden while the car rolls past.

"Impossible" event: In the other test condition, the mouse is placed on the tracks, but is secretly removed after the screen in place, so that the car seems to roll "through" the mouse.

A

B

C

• PHONOLOGY: Sounds of a language

• LEXICON: Words of a language

• SEMANTICS: Meanings of words

• PRAGMATICS: Rules for using a language in a social context

• SYNTAX: Organization and grammatical rules of a language

FIVE ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

• Infants are in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

• Concept of object permanence develops during this

stage.

• Cooing, babbling, first words and two-word

sentences appear in language growth, up to a

vocabulary of about 200 words.

• Infants are in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage.

• Concept of object permanence develops during this

stage.

• Cooing, babbling, first words and two-word

sentences appear in language growth, up to a

vocabulary of about 200 words.

Summary of Cognitive Development in the First Two Years

• Brain continues myelination process and formation of neuronal connections.

• Body proportions becoming more adult-like.

• Large and fine motor coordination are maturing.

• Brain continues myelination process and formation of neuronal connections.

• Body proportions becoming more adult-like.

• Large and fine motor coordination are maturing.

Summary of Early Childhood Physical Development