Vocabulary

1. Artifacts __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Culture __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Evidence __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Globalization __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Grid __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Nation-State __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Propaganda __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Theory * __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Visual History* __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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List what we do when we study history.

1. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is an archive? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are some of the uses for an archive? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the purpose of a museum? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

List some examples of specialized museums in Manitoba. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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History and Historians

P. 12-13

1. What is meant by the term “primary source”? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. List three examples of primary sources used in the study of history? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is meant by the term “secondary source”? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. List three examples of secondary sources used in history? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is social history? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Look at the picture on page 13. List 6 things that you notice in the picture.1. ______________________________________________________2. ______________________________________________________3. ______________________________________________________4. ______________________________________________________5. ______________________________________________________6. ______________________________________________________

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Oral and Visual History

1. What are some of the disadvantages of oral history? _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

2. How do historians try make up for the disadvantages listed above? _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________ _________________________________________________

3. What are some examples of visual sources used by historians?_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are some of the problems with the Battle of the Plains of Abraham picture found on page 14?

________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________

5. List 5 important questions a Historian must ask when examining historical evidence?

1. __________________________________________________2. __________________________________________________3. __________________________________________________4. __________________________________________________5. __________________________________________________

Beliefs and Values

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Everyone has a personal set of beliefs and values that they use to make sense of the world. This is a person’s “world view.”

Your world view is your way of seeing things, and it includes

― Beliefs about human beings and their place in the world ― Religious beliefs about life and death ― Beliefs and opinions about groups and societies ― Value judgements about what is worthwhile or important― Values or guideposts for how you think people should behave ― Beliefs about how the world is organized and how it works ― Beliefs about how people can or should decide what is true or false ― Beliefs about how decisions should be made and who should make them ― Beliefs about how human beings should act ― Opinions about what is positive or negative, right or wrong

Read the following statements carefully, and think about your own reaction to them. They will tell you something about your own beliefs and values. Add other statements of your own.

The Earth is flat. Change is usually for the better. Science and technology will eventually solve all our problems. People were more caring in the past. Education is a very important part of life. People are on Earth for a purpose. What is good for the whole society or community is more important than

what is good for one individual. Laws should be made by kings and queens. Human beings are smarter than they used to be. Men and women are equal. Slavery is always wrong. Everybody should listen to Beethoven. Societies are constantly making progress. Everything happens for a reason. The world is a very organized place. We know that things are true or false if science can prove them with

physical evidence (the five senses). It is always possible to prove what is true or false. Most things happen because of chance. Every person should have a goal in life. Most people have very similar goals. Having a large family is very important. Having a religion is very important. Having lots of possessions is important. Everyone is entitled to a good life.

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Societies have finally learned how to sustain themselves/their environments for future generations.

The world was made by a Creator. Governments should reflect the will of the people. Cultures always change and disappear. Nothing really ever changes in human societies. People usually make the wrong decisions. Wars and violence are an inevitable part of human history. Stories and legends help us understand the world. People are basically good. People are basically bad and need to be controlled. Old people and young people never understand one another. Human beings should be responsible for taking care of the natural environment. Every human being has an important role to play in the world. There is life after death. There is no afterlife. There is never a reason for violence. Women and men should play completely different roles in society. All human beings are equal. Not everyone should be entitled to an education. Art and music are important parts of having a good life. Most societies have the same goals. There are naturally different classes of people in all societies.

On a separate piece of paper, draw a web of the ideas that come to mind to describe how you see the world. Be creative designing your web, and use your own words.

Beliefs and Values Web

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Chronology (from the Greek word chronos, which means “time”): the science of measuring time in fixed periods, dating events and periods, and placing them in order.

In your study of history this year, you will learn to think

“chronologically”―that is, in order of the time sequence of events.

The timeline will help you to think chronologically. Here is some basic information about the chronology on which the timeline is based.

BC and AD, or BCE and CE?

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The calendar that is used in the Western world was developed in Europe during the Middle Ages. This calendar is used by most of the world in order to have a common way of discussing dates. The Western calendar measures years from the year in which Jesus Christ was thought to have been born (Year 1). The years that are before Year 1 are referred to as “Before Christ” or BC. The years after Year 1 are referred to as AD, an abbreviation for the Latin term Anno Domini, which means “in the year of the lord.” AD years are counted forward from Year 1; BC years are counted backward from Year 1. This means that 500 BC was farther back in time (or earlier) than 200 BC.

In recent years, historians have begun to use the abbreviation BCE (Before the Common Era) to replace BC, and CE (Common Era) to replace AD. Often, the AD dates are not followed by any initials at all. The BCE/CE system was adopted to be more inclusive of other cultures, by not making reference to the Christian religion in the dating system. (Also, some people now believe that Jesus Christ was actually born in the year 7 AD, and not in the year 1!)

Throughout history, societies have invented various ways of measuring and recording the passage of time. Most calendars count the years from an important event in that society (e.g., in Western Europe, the birth of Jesus Christ). The Chinese calendar measures time from the reign of the Yellow Emperor (which corresponds to the year 2698 BCE in the Western calendar). The Islamic calendar numbers years from the year when the prophet Muhammad fled from Mecca (which corresponds to the year 622 CE in the Western calendar). The year 2000 in the Western calendar is therefore 4698 in the Chinese calendar and 1421 in the Islamic calendar. Also, the number of days in a year varies from calendar to calendar. For example, Mayan society developed a complex calendar based on a year that was only 260 days long.

A point to remember when you refer to centuries on the timeline:

When you celebrate your 10th birthday, you are beginning the 11th year of your life. In the same way, the year 1500 is the beginning of the 16th century.

What is a Century?

A century is 100 years in time. 1600-1699 is a century The 1st century began in year 0. At the end of the 99th year, the first century

was over. The second century began at year 100-199 Examples: 300-399 = 4th century

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700-799 = 8th century1900-1999 = 20th century

Complete the following chart from the 1st century to the 10th

First Year Last Year Century

Measuring Time and Centuries

Write the century for the following periods of years:

1. 399-300 BCE ___________________________2. 1400-1499 AD ___________________________3. 100-199 AD ___________________________4. 200-2099 AD ___________________________5. 1500-1599 AD ___________________________6. 299-200 BCE ___________________________7. 900-999 AD ___________________________8. 1399-1300 BCE ___________________________9. 600-699 AD ___________________________10.899-800 BCE ___________________________

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Write the correct years for the following centuries

(make sure you include BCE or AD)

1. 17th AD ___________________________2. 10th BCE ___________________________3. 20th BCE ___________________________4. 14th AD ___________________________5. 3rd AD ___________________________6. 2nd AD ___________________________7. 9th BCE ___________________________8. 4th BCE ___________________________9. 12th AD ___________________________10.6th BCE ___________________________

Important Dates in Early Human History

Place the dates next to correct description

700,000 BCE 1,500,000 years BCE

1,000,000 BCE 2,000,000 years BCE

3500 BCE 250,000 BCE

10,000 BCE 13,000 BCE

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First evidence of Homo erectus, “upright humans,” in Africa: they were taller humans with bigger brains and better tools, and they lived in small hunter-gatherer societies.

Beginning of evidence of Homo sapiens, “thinking humans,” who looked similar to modern humans: they used spoken language, adapted to colder climates, and had art and religion.(Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons were both Homo sapiens.)

First evidence of humans migrating from Africa to Europe and Asia

First evidence of agriculture and the development of agrarian societies

First evidence of written language First evidence of humans migrating to the Americas

First evidence of Homo habilis, “skillful humans,” in Africa: they stood upright, had small brains, and used their hands to make tools.

Evidence of humans using fire for survival

The Early Peoples

1. When and where did the first humans originate? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. List the three important early adaptations that allowed humans to survive? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How did a larger brain help early humans? _____________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Explain creationism. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is evolution? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What evidence did Charles Darwin use in creating his theory of evolution? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Early Peoples

The Stone Age

Time Period ___________________________

List three important facts about each time period

Paleolithic Times Time Period _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

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Mesolitic Times Time Period _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Neolitic Times Time Period _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

The Development of HumansIn the information frame below list important information about each stage of human development

Homo Habilis Homo Erectus Homo Sapien

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The Early Peoples

p. 32-331. About 1.5 million years ago Home erectus appeared in East Africa. What

was there source of food? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What was life like in the “camps” that Homo erectus inhabited? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What was social organization like for humans 1.5 million years ago? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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4. What was the most important tool used by Homo erectus and what was it used for? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why did humans move into Asia and Europe? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What is a land bridge? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. It is believed that humans all came from a common ancestor, yet we have a many differences between humans all over the world. What could have created these differences? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Mesolithic and Neolithic Times

Questions p.36-391. What happened to the ice sheets in the Mesolithic time period?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What allowed humans to move further north? Give at least three points. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What new technology were Mesolithic people using? _____________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What were some of the first crops grown during Neolithic times? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why do you think that farming first developed in the Near East? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. In what other parts of the world did farming develop independently? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What advantages and disadvantages did non-farming peoples have? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

The Rise of Permanent Settlementsp.42-43

1. Why do Farming people tend to settle in one spot _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why did farming lead to the development of towns and cities ___________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What purpose do you think the wall and tower of Jericho served _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Give three examples of specialization that occurred in farming communities _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What aspects of life in Catal Huyuk indicate that this was a highly developed society _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. How did the religious images in the shrines reflect the daily concerns of the people of Catal Huyuk _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Technological Improvements of The Stone Age

Briefly explain the technological improvements listed below

1. Making and using fire _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Hunting tools _____________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Domestic tools _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Using Metals _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Medicine _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Housing _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Clothing _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hunter-Gatherer

Agrarian

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Food sources: Food sources:

Division of labour: Division of labour:

Community size, population growth : Community size, population growth:

Movement of population: Movement of population:

Hunter-Gatherer Agrarian

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Shelter and clothing: Shelter and clothing:

Relationship to natural environment: Relationship to natural environment:

Advantages of this lifestyle: Advantages of this lifestyle:

Disadvantages: Disadvantages:

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Time Lines

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Homo habilis

2,000,000 BCE

Beginning of Common Era 1

CE

Current Year

2006

Your task is to create a timeline similar to the model shown above.1. On legal-sized paper or larger, draw a straight line in the middle

of the page.2. At regular intervals, mark off vertical lines to indicate different

time periods. Where there is a large jump forward in time, use the fast

forward symbol () to indicate the jump. 3. Using the prehistory events in your notes and the textbook,

indicate each event at the right spot on the timeline. Also add these dates:

― the current year (at the far right end of the timeline)― 1 CE

If the event spans a long time period, use the first date to indicate the

beginning of the period (e.g., 2,500,000 BCE ― Old Stone Age begins).

4. Give each event a title and add a visual symbol or image 5. Your time line must have at least 12 events.