Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic drill cuttings ... · Stabilisation/solidification of...
Transcript of Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic drill cuttings ... · Stabilisation/solidification of...
International conference on Stabilisation/Solidification Treatment and Remediation, Cambridge 12-13 April 2005
Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic drill cuttings Stabilisation/solidification of synthetic drill cuttings representing Ras Shukier oil field in Egyptrepresenting Ras Shukier oil field in Egypt
UNIVERSITY OFCAMBRIDGE
M. S. AlM. S. Al--AnsaryAnsary & A& A.. AlAl--TabbaaTabbaa
OutlineOutline
I.I. Oil Drill CuttingsOil Drill Cuttings
II.II. Ras Shukier Case StudyRas Shukier Case Study
III.III. Experimental WorkExperimental Work
IV.IV. Ongoing programmeOngoing programme
V.V. ConclusionConclusion
ClaCla
Drill cuttings are heterogeneous wastes Drill cuttings are heterogeneous wastes that are generated from petroleum drilling industrythat are generated from petroleum drilling industry
Drill fluid Circulation SystemDrill fluid Circulation System
Recycle
d
Recycle
d fluid
fluid
Drill Cuttings + Drill Cuttings + fluidfluid
Drill Cuttings Drill Cuttings contaminated with contaminated with
chemicals from chemicals from fluidfluid & oil& oil
Treatment methods for drill cuttingsTreatment methods for drill cuttings
Leave in placeLeave in place-- disturbeddisturbedLeave in placeLeave in place-- undisturbedundisturbedEntombmentEntombmentCappingCappingGravel DumpingGravel DumpingBioremediation in situBioremediation in situBioBio--reactorreactorLand FarmingLand FarmingMechanical DredgingMechanical Dredging
Crawler retrievalCrawler retrievalReRe--injectioninjectionReRe--spreadingspreadingMechanical separationMechanical separationDistillationDistillationStabilisationStabilisationCombustionCombustionSupercritical extractionSupercritical extractionThermal Thermal DesorptionDesorption
II.II. Ras Shukier Drill CuttingsRas Shukier Drill Cuttings
Ras Shukier is an offshore oil production site located in the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, Egypt. This site generates approximately 2,740 tonnes of cuttings per year. Ras Shukier consists of nine complex platforms.
TransportationService boat
Approved disposal byEnvironment
Offshore Onshore
Waste Disposal Area
Drill Cuttings
Manifest by Load Master
Manifest by ToolpusherCutting
Box
Drilling Rig
Physical and Chemical Characteristics Physical and Chemical Characteristics
• Brownish black, sticky with a clayey texture soil.
• Distinctive crude odour.
• Density ranges between 1.2 and 2.0 g/cm3.
(w/w)(w/w) Hydrocarbon%Hydrocarbon% Cr%Cr% Zn%Zn% BaBa%% PbPb%% ClCl%%
0.1 2.1
9.20.3
0.2
1.2
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.4
11.0
11.8
AverageAverage
MaxMax
III.III. Experimental WorkExperimental Work
Synthetic drill cuttings and their propertiesSynthetic drill cuttings and their properties
Soil composition %
Sand content 10Silt (rock flour) content 50Clay 1 (kaolin) 20
Clay 2 (bentonite) 20Property ValueWater content 20%pH 9Plastic Limit 25%
Liquid Limit 51%
Cutting composition %
Sodium Chloride 3.5
Paraffin oil (of dry soil) 11
Binder SystemBinder System
A. Conventional BindersA. Conventional Binders
Portland Cement (PC)Portland Cement (PC)
LimeLime
Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA)Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA)
BlastfurnaceBlastfurnace Slag (BFSSlag (BFS))
B. Novel BindersB. Novel Binders
MgOMgO cementcement
ZeoliteZeolite
MicrosilicaMicrosilica (silica fume)(silica fume)
Cement Kiln Dust (CKDCement Kiln Dust (CKD
CompostCompost
Sample PreparationSample Preparation
Water : Dry binder: Water : Dry binder: 0.6 : 10.6 : 1
Dry binder content by weight :Dry binder content by weight : 10%, 20% and 30%10%, 20% and 30%
Binders: Binders: either PC only either PC only or or 1:1 PC:other binder1:1 PC:other binder
Sample size :Sample size : 50 x 100 mm50 x 100 mm
Testing ProgramTesting Program
Tests at 28 days of curingTests at 28 days of curing
1.1. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS)Unconfined compressive strength (UCS)
2.2. LeachabilityLeachability (Chloride and Oil)(Chloride and Oil)
3.3. LeachateLeachate pHpH
4.4. Microstructure analysisMicrostructure analysis
1.1. Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS)
Mic
rosi
lica-
PCPC
BFS
-PC
Zeo
lite-
PC
PFA
-PC
MgO
-Cem
ent 2
CK
D-P
C
Lim
e-PC
Com
post
-PC
MgO
-Cem
ent 1
3 0 %2 0 %
1 0 %
0
5 0 01 0 0 0
1 5 0 0
2 0 0 0
2 5 0 0
3 0 0 0
3 5 0 04 0 0 0
4 5 0 0
UC
S (k
Pa)
2.2. Chloride Chloride LeachabilityLeachability
10% 20% 30%
950
1250
1550
1850
PC
PFA
-PC
CK
D-P
C
Com
post
-PC
MgO
cem
ent1
MgO
cem
ent2
Mic
rosi
lica-
PC
BFS
-PC
Zeo
lite-
PC
Lim
e-PC
Chl
orid
e le
acha
teco
nc. (
mg/
L)
2.2. Oil Oil LeachabilityLeachability
10% 20% 30%
10
100
1000
10000
PC PFA
-PC
CK
D-P
C
Com
post
-PC
MgO
cem
ent1
MgO
cem
ent2
Mic
rosi
lica-
PC
BFS
-PC
Zeo
lite-
PC
Lim
e-PC
Para
ffin
oil
leac
hate
conc
. (m
g/L
)
3.3. LeachateLeachate pHpH
Binder contentBinder System
10% 20% 30%PC 12.0 12.4 12.6BFS - PC 12.0 12.2 12.4Microsilica - PC 10.5 10.4 10.6
Compost - PC 11.6 12.1 12.2PFA - PC 12.0 12.1 12.1
MgO cement2 10.9 12.0 12.0
12.1
9.9
11.6
Lime - PC
12.0
12.4
MgO cement1
12.5
11.0
11.9
11.0
12.3Zeolite - PC 11.7CKD- PC 12.4
4.4. Microstructural AnalysisMicrostructural AnalysisSEM at 28 days
Microsilica - PC
MgO cement 2
Lime - PC
Zeolite - PC Compost - PC
PC
IV. IV. Ongoing ProgrammeOngoing Programme
North Sea Case StudyNorth Sea Case StudyBest S/S systems selected for more detailed studyBest S/S systems selected for more detailed studyNext mixes to include heavy metalsNext mixes to include heavy metalsFor chloride, possibility of a low pH cementFor chloride, possibility of a low pH cementPelletisation of thermally treated drill cuttingsPelletisation of thermally treated drill cuttings
V. V. ConclusionConclusion
Drill cutting is a big problem that the petroleum industry is keen to find solutions
The utilisation of S/S techniques to treat drill cuttings by using conventional as well as novel binders indicated the following:
-- UCS of the drill cuttingsUCS of the drill cuttings--binder mixes at 28 days binder mixes at 28 days covered a wide range of feasible applications. covered a wide range of feasible applications.
V.V. Conclusion (contd.)Conclusion (contd.)
-- Chloride leachate concentrations showed a change from Chloride leachate concentrations showed a change from hazardous to nonhazardous to non--reactive hazardous waste. reactive hazardous waste.
-- Oil leaching concentrations decreased as the dry binder Oil leaching concentrations decreased as the dry binder content increased. content increased.
-- The The leachateleachate pH values indicated the use of lower pH binders.pH values indicated the use of lower pH binders.
-- The The microstructural analysis suggested an advanced level of microstructural analysis suggested an advanced level of hydration. hydration.
Future work will give more detailed information on the relative performance of different binders.
Thank YouThank YouMarwaMarwa at Ras Shukier oil field May 2003at Ras Shukier oil field May 2003