SSUSH14B & C American Imperialism - Mr....
Transcript of SSUSH14B & C American Imperialism - Mr....
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SSUSH14B & C
American Imperialism
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=yellow+journalism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b2zEsr8-OgYv5M&tbnid=4Figl4p6KgjhvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FC0111500%2Fspanamer%2Fyellow.htm&ei=-TDXUcKcAcnl4AOK94CwAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGzAR_xzbEnEztSc1N4MfQ9M9qdlg&ust=1373143668980039http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=theodore+roosevelt+spanish+american+war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=FlWdPfTLu7rFGM&tbnid=Zvw7jJJKdKK6mM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ATheodore_Rooseveltnewtry.jpg&ei=DkfXUdjYKYLB4AP_poH4AQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGWLb9C876wNwC8vmBgEgvL3fseuA&ust=1373149322769730http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=speak+softly+and+carry+a+big+stick&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bbP2TYPRcBZpOM&tbnid=ksJWlfm2N7QLVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBig_Stick_ideology&ei=SH_XUcfgJtXC4AO42oCABg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGR3g8rKygnnE_yfsYwTqnQxNw1wQ&ust=1373163667680408http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=u.s.+imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q0qOBp08Mv2LjM&tbnid=xazKseHXY4KMSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranreview.org%2Fcontent%2FDocuments%2FDying-Empire-US-Imperialism-and-Global-Resistance.htm&ei=g9HWUfY5rsTgA8b0geAD&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEE7dHFYs16VMx7q08XFmVedKe9tg&ust=1373119221808459http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ten+years+war+cuba&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Tm3lznXxBHjbKM&tbnid=SNRca6Y0GzmosM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2F1868.htm&ei=BPjWUdGOIpPh0AH4rIGoDQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGY5ev2fc2KczonvwEksGB1duQEUA&ust=1373129083542760http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=battle+of+san+juan+hill&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=_QrtF0yMOTVkpM&tbnid=OP9knkfH3IHGJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treefrogtreasures.com%2Fforum%2Fshowthread.php%3F16751-Buffalo-Soldiers-at-San-Juan-Hill-1898&ei=rEXXUfXuLPje4AP8rYCwCA&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEM4k8WHy9kvzYxhyQftZm6h_VFWw&ust=1373148938532996
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American Imperialism
Dawn of U.S. Imperialism
• Why Imperialism?
Raw materials for Industrialization
High Tariffs causing Reduced Trade
Decreasing Investment Opportunities in Europe
• Why the United States?
Extension of Manifest Destiny (focused in the Pacific)
Joint Anglo-Saxonism with Britain (English speaking dominance)
Expansion of Christian Missionary Ideals to Uncivilized People
Growing European Imperialism threatened America’s Security
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=u.s.+imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=q0qOBp08Mv2LjM&tbnid=xazKseHXY4KMSM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranreview.org%2Fcontent%2FDocuments%2FDying-Empire-US-Imperialism-and-Global-Resistance.htm&ei=g9HWUfY5rsTgA8b0geAD&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEE7dHFYs16VMx7q08XFmVedKe9tg&ust=1373119221808459http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=imperialism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hRBBGSFpIA7EbM&tbnid=ikfm33NUpzC5_M:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stepbystep.com%2Fdifference-between-colonialism-and-imperialism-87276%2F&ei=ltLWUeXkOKje0gHy-YG4Bg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNFP68DwDL8rQ0A9PKmljBKR8uDqxw&ust=1373119469062863
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American Imperialism
Dawn of “Gunboat Diplomacy”
• 1852: Congress pressured President Millard
Fillmore to expand global trade with Japan
• 1853: Commodore Matthew Perry was sent to
Japan with a squadron of 4 Naval ships.
He presented Japanese Officials with a
letter promising Peace and Friendship in
exchange for Trade with the U.S.
• 1854: Commodore Matthew Perry returned to
Japan to negotiate a peace treaty during
the Convention of Kanagawa.
• 1858: U.S. Envoy, Townsend Harris, negotiated the final trade agreement
with Japan commonly known as the “Harris Treaty.”
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Gasshukoku_suishi_teitoku_k%C5%8Dj%C5%8Dgaki_%28Oral_statement_by_the_American_Navy_admiral%29.png
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American Imperialism
U.S. Interests in the Pacific
• 1875: Trade Treaty between Hawaii and the
United States was established.
• 1887: Hawaiian Anti-Monarchists supported
by American Plantation owners forced
the King to accept a new Constitution.
Reducing his Monarchal Authority
• 1890: McKinley Tariff caused decline of Hawaiian
exports of sugar.
• 1891: Queen Liliuokalani ascended the throne.
• 1893: Planters supported an attempted overthrow of
the Queen and Annexation by the United States.
• U.S. President Grover Cleveland opposed Annexation.
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Kingdavidkalakaua_dust.jpg
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American Imperialism
U.S. Interests in Latin America
• U.S. bought Raw Materials from Latin America.
• Latin America bought most Manufactured Goods
from Europe.
• Secretary of State James G. Blaine supported
Increased Trade Alliances with Latin America.
• 1889: 17 Nations attended the first Pan-American Conference in
Washington, D.C. to discuss U.S. goals.
• Customs Union to Reduce Tariffs on Trade
• U.S. Aid to work out disputes peacefully
• Latin American leaders rejected the U.S. Proposals.
• However, they agreed to form the Pan-American Union.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=james+g.+blaine&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0Ej5bx7fGrgsQM&tbnid=J9JDy9-TF7atPM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatehistory.com%2Fdiscussion%2Fshowthread.php%3Fp%3D4303342&ei=UObWUcKlLOa-0QH-5oCoAg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGVSXKclKcaCldmaFc_uiqu6HLywQ&ust=1373124535132672
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American Imperialism
• 1883 – 1885: Congress authorized to building of
five modern Cruisers to become
known as the “White Squadron.”
U.S. Naval Expansion
• 1889: German Naval attack on American Samoa almost resulted in War.
A Typhoon damaged both fleets and forced an armistice.
• 1891: USS Baltimore Crisis occurred when a mob in Chile attacked sailors.
War was averted when Chile apologized and paid $75,000 in gold.
• 1890 – 1895: Congress authorized the building
of three modern Battleships that
became part of the Navy’s new
“Flying Squadron.”
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American Imperialism
U.S. and Cuba
• Cuba: One of Spain’s oldest colonies
Produced 1/3 of world’s sugar
1/3 of Population was enslaved
• Cuba struggled for Independence in two failed conflicts:
1868 – 1878: Ten Years War
1879 – 1880: The Little War
• By 1890’s: Economic link between Cuba and the U.S. increased.
• 1890 – 1894: McKinley Tariff caused crisis in Cuba’s Sugar Trade.
• 1895: New Cuban Rebellion began.
Led to Declaration of Independence
Led to Establishment of Cuban Republic
• President Grover Cleveland declared America’s Neutrality in the war.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cuba+spanish+colony&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bFxEqJmqLwmfVM&tbnid=iz5qkZ067OCRdM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographyiq.com%2Fcountries%2Fcu%2FCuba_map_flag_geography.htm&ei=v_fWUf2uMK7x0wHUoYC4Cw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGs67ZgCiyqyxBoVjscQA3ydvT4uw&ust=1373128991158483http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=ten+years+war+cuba&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Tm3lznXxBHjbKM&tbnid=SNRca6Y0GzmosM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latinamericanstudies.org%2F1868.htm&ei=BPjWUdGOIpPh0AH4rIGoDQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGY5ev2fc2KczonvwEksGB1duQEUA&ust=1373129083542760http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=cuban+republic&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=Mjff9yZlPRn3vM&tbnid=9RaF7o0LGsbmNM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fflagspot.net%2Fflags%2Fcu.html&ei=9PjWUbGJCbPo0wHV44G4Aw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNEqLUvNXB_HKgBQyQTCYu9ocZFxVA&ust=1373129265016763
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American Imperialism
U.S. and Spain
• 1897: President William McKinley took office.
Avoided war by negotiating with Spain.
Spanish Loyalists rioted and attacked Americans.
U.S.S. Maine sent to evacuate U.S. Citizens.
• 15 Feb 1898: U.S.S. Maine Exploded killing
266 out of 354 crewmen.
Accidental Fire?
Enemy Sabotage?
Spanish Mine?
Motivation for War!
American
Rally Cry
for War!
• Apr 1898: Political Pressure and Aggressive Nationalism, called Jingoism,
pushed Congress and the President to Declare War on Spain.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+mckinley&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=pbyGr_4xXB-APM&tbnid=3jCNOcrRkU0JlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baldingcelebrities.com%2F2011%2F07%2Fus-presidents.html&ei=kvvWUfuzM8-14APAmoDQAw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGQMvQVbYVtSRQEj9Wfm0iVFOiErQ&ust=1373129990157267
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American Imperialism
Yellow Journalism
News stories based on half-truths,
exaggerations, and sensationalism.
Promoted by two Newspaper Publishers
to increase sales and circulation.
William R. Hearst
of the NY Journal
Joseph Pulitzer
of the NY World
“You Furnish the
Pictures, and I’ll
Furnish the War.”
“Our Republic and
its Press will Rise
or Fall Together.”
Stories about the cruelties committed by the Spanish Troops under General
Valeriano Weyer (known as “The Butcher”) angered American Readers.
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/JosephPulitzerPinceNeznpsgov.jpghttp://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+randolph+hearst&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=MMrbIyIJRH2MnM&tbnid=lVfB0E0EvQiliM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prepared-meal-delivery-reviews.com%2FHearst-Ranch.html&ei=-C3XUYqlNabC4AP0iICoBw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEfK01CdrQtJNZ1aYW1sUzMRMl8HA&ust=1373142861180572http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=yellow+journalism&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=b2zEsr8-OgYv5M&tbnid=4Figl4p6KgjhvM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FC0111500%2Fspanamer%2Fyellow.htm&ei=-TDXUcKcAcnl4AOK94CwAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGzAR_xzbEnEztSc1N4MfQ9M9qdlg&ust=1373143668980039
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American Imperialism
War with Spain
• The United States Navy was ready for war, while
the Spanish were not.
1 May 1898: Commodore George Dewey’s Naval
Squadron destroyed the Spanish
Fleet in Manila Bay.
31 May – 18 Jun 1898: Commodore Winfield S. Schley’s Flying Squadron
conducted a blockade of Cuba’s Santiago Bay.
22 – 24 Jun 1898: 17,000 U.S. Troops landed in Cuba and prepared to
advanced toward the well defended City of Santiago.
1 July 1898: A Combined U.S. Force won the Battle of San Juan Hill.
3 July 1898: The Naval Battle of Santiago Bay ended in the destruction
of the Spanish Caribbean Fleet.
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American Imperialism
Battle of San Juan Hill
• 1 July 1898: Advanced Troops of the U.S. Cavalry Division led the attack.
Former Confederate
Gen. Joseph Wheeler
commanded all the
Cavalry Troops.
Future President
Theodore Roosevelt
commanded the First
Volunteer Cavalry.
Including the 9th & 10th Cavalry,
known as the “Buffalo Soldiers.”
Made up of Volunteers known
as the “Rough Riders”
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American Imperialism
U.S. Global Expansion
• 1898 - 1900: Various agreements created a new
American Empire.
1898: Treaty of Paris (After Spanish-American War)
U.S. Obtained Control of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
1898: The Newlands’ Resolution (Congressional Act of Annexation)
U.S. Obtained control of the Hawaiian Islands.
1899: The Anglo-German Agreement (Formal Agreement of Partition)
U.S. Obtained control of American Samoa.
1900: The Foraker Act (Territorial Incorporation)
U.S. Made Puerto Rico a formal U.S. Territory.
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American Imperialism
U.S. and China
• 1890’s: Britain, France, and Germany gained
Economic Spheres of Influence in China.
• 1894: Sino-Japanese War between China and
Japan over control of Manchuria.
• 1899: President William McKinley and Secretary of
State John Hay promoted the Open Door Policy.
Allowing Trade Interests in China by all nations.
Accepted conditionally by Europeans and Japan.
• 1900: Secret Chinese Society known as Boxers led
attacks on Foreigners in China.
• 1900 - 1901: U.S. Troops joined International Force of 11 Nations to put
down the Boxer Rebellion.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=sino+japanese+war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=NjjdkFaYReL50M&tbnid=5PRVZ7DXGWYZIM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fhistory.cultural-china.com%2Fen%2F34History6639.html&ei=BWTXUd7mLeri4AOLk4GABg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFGcn3yikjf4pHdR_c9orWgqOSXGQ&ust=1373156587767902
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American Imperialism
U.S. and the Philippines
• Philippine Rebels expected Freedom after the Spanish-American War.
• U.S. Politicians and Businessmen supported formal Annexation due to:
The need for Naval Bases in the Pacific.
A Large Market for American Goods in the Pacific.
An Obligation to Civilize the Native Filipino People.
• 1899 – 1902: President William McKinley’s decision to formally Annex the
Philippines sparked the Philippine Insurrection.
General Arthur MacArthur led military
actions against Filipino Guerillas.
Territorial Governor William H. Taft led
reform efforts to win over the Filipino
People.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=arthur+macarthur&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=ImnPEmXctQE8pM&tbnid=_cJLy3cZzUoNWM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2F720mpreunion.org%2Fhistory%2Fassets%2FCorps%2520History%2Fmp_history.html&ei=J2zXUZCENZX54APy24GAAw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEl-j1Vl8649-IRLipNyR7ggsyDjw&ust=1373158793908795http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+h.+taft&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=EA1Kb46Xp1NypM&tbnid=LDRgmR_N6eu7iM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Ffamilypedia.wikia.com%2Fwiki%2FWilliam_Howard_Taft_(1857-1930)&ei=TWzXUefbLNbb4APouIHQCQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNF-CdVF-L1YL4iC1Qqinw0-PIyN0w&ust=1373158857007569http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=philippine%20american%20war&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=k8ke4UjWWgSe-M&tbnid=OVVf0NPISQ39QM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sfgate.com%2Fchroncast%2Fcategory%2Fafrican-american%2Fpage%2F2%2F&ei=O23XUfeYIZa34AP-g4DgCg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGiSu5P2r5e2mpm886-mzpVQrpgBw&ust=1373158995347104
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American Imperialism
Presidential Changes
• 6 Sep 1901: President William McKinley was
Assassinated by an Anarchist.
Strong proponent of U.S. Global Expansion.
• 14 Sep 1901: Vice President Theodore Roosevelt
was inaugurated as the 26th President.
Accepted key ideals of Global Anglo-Saxonism.
Energetic, Enthusiastic, Charismatic.
Supported foundations of the Open Door Policy.
• Roosevelt kept President McKinley’s Cabinet and Continued his Policies.
• As former Assistant Secretary of the Navy, President Theodore Roosevelt
supported the expansion of the U.S. Navy to the 2nd largest in the world.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+mckinley+assassination&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=O65R2HXkzg7QnM&tbnid=BhE2Y2nCFLRMBM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAssassination_of_William_McKinley&ei=THDXUcHCJdOo4AOTmoCoBw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNEQWV5zA-9TvFGcluwNEPRbUZo1cA&ust=1373159727087216http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=theodore+roosevelt&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=hUb7GGrKOqgvPM&tbnid=L3xBD3kf5krwJM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artofmanliness.com%2F2008%2F02%2F04%2Flessons-in-manliness-the-childhood-of-theodore-roosevelt%2F&ei=7HLXUa6kD5LG4AOqsYHYAQ&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNFjtavR5Dk3kWiqB3GReP9CnkbIPw&ust=1373160547605930http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=william+mckinley&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=pbyGr_4xXB-APM&tbnid=3jCNOcrRkU0JlM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baldingcelebrities.com%2F2011%2F07%2Fus-presidents.html&ei=kvvWUfuzM8-14APAmoDQAw&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGQMvQVbYVtSRQEj9Wfm0iVFOiErQ&ust=1373129990157267
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American Imperialism
U.S. and Central America
• 1901: U.S. and Great Britain signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty giving the
United States the rights to Build a Canal through Central America.
• 1903: Secretary of State John Hay offered
$10 Million to Columbia to Build a Canal.
Columbia Refused the Offer
Panamanian Rebels Revolted
against their Columbian Rulers
President Theodore Roosevelt
sent U.S. Fleet to support the
Panamanians
• Columbia granted the U.S. a 100 year lease to the Isthmus of Panama.
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American Imperialism
U.S. and the World
• 1904: President Theodore Roosevelt presented the Roosevelt Corollary
to the Monroe Doctrine during his Inaugural Address to Congress.
Establishing the United States as an International Police Power
“ Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which
results in a general loosening of the ties of
civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require intervention by some civilized
nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the exercise of an international
police power. ”
• 1905: The President Negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth bringing an
end to the Russo-Japanese War.
• 1906: The President received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=speak+softly+and+carry+a+big+stick&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=bbP2TYPRcBZpOM&tbnid=ksJWlfm2N7QLVM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBig_Stick_ideology&ei=SH_XUcfgJtXC4AO42oCABg&bvm=bv.48705608,d.dmg&psig=AFQjCNGR3g8rKygnnE_yfsYwTqnQxNw1wQ&ust=1373163667680408
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American Imperialism
U.S. and the World
• 1904 - 1907: President Theodore Roosevelt capitalized on the Building of
the Panama Canal to promote his Foreign Policy.
"I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on, the
canal does too.”
• 1907 - 1910: President Roosevelt appointed
Gen. George W. Goethals to
supervise Canal’s Completion.
• 1907 - 1909: President Roosevelt sent 16 Battleships,
known as the “Great White Fleet,” around the world to
demonstrate U.S. Naval Power
• President Roosevelt’s Foreign Policies known as the
“Big Stick” Policies. (“Speak Softly and Carry of Big Stick”)