SSINA Stainless Technical Training

SSINA Stainless Technical Training 2020

• Basics

• Manufacturing

• Family/Applications

EDWARD J. BLOTED BLOT & ASSOCIATES, INC.12 High StreetBrunswick, Maine 04011

Cell (330) 268-9102Email: [email protected]

STAINLESS STEEL PRODUCTSTECHNICAL SEMINAR


BASICS


ALLOY STEELS

STAINLESS STEELS IN THE ALLOY FAMILY

CO

RR

OS

ION

RE

SIS

TA

NC

E

COST

CARBON STEELS

NICKEL BASE ALLOYS(ALSO CHAPTER 75)

STAINLESS STEELS

(HTS CHAPTER 72 IRON & STEEL)


WHAT MAKES STEEL (IRON & CARBON)

STAINLESS

EFFECT OF CHROMIUM ON ATMOSPHERIC

CORROSION RESISTANCE

% CHROMIUM10.5 %

STAINLESS STEEL RANGE(HTS 7218 – 7223)

CO

RR

OS

ION

RA

TE

MIL

S P

ER

YE

AR

(PREDOMINATELY IRON & CHROMIUM)


CORROSION PROTECTION

CHROMIUM OXIDE FILM

BASE METAL WITH 10.5% MIN. CHROME

THE CHROMIUM OXIDE FILM PREVENTS FURTHER DIFFUSION OF OXYGEN ON

THE SURFACE, THUS PROTECTING IRON IN THE MATRIX FROM RUSTING.

STAINLESS STEEL


SULFUR MANGANESE ALUMINUMCOPPER COLUMBIUM SILICONTITANIUM CALCIUM SELENIUM

ALLOYING ELEMENTSCHROMIUM CORROSION & SCALING RESISTANCE

CARBON (1.2% MAX) HARDNESS

NICKEL ACID CORROSION RESISTANCE, FORMABILITY, AND WELDABILITY

MOLYBDENUM PITTING CORROSION RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH

NITROGEN CREVICE CORROSION RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH


• Mechanical Properties

WHY STAINLESS

• Corrosion Resistance


MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

YIELD STRENGTH

ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH

% ELONGATION

REDUCTION OF AREA

HARDNESS BENDIMPACT

STRENGTH DUCTILITY

NOTE: AS STRENGTH INCREASES, DUCTILITY DECREASES


TENSILE TESTING


TENSILE TESTING EQUIPMENT




• Physical Properties

WHY STAINLESS


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

include .....

MAGNETIC PERMEABILITY

THERMAL EXPANSION

HEAT CONDUCTIVITY

DENSITY




• Physical Properties

• Appearance, Hygienic, and Recyclable

• Life Cycle Cost Benefit

WHY STAINLESS

• Ease of Fabrication


SERVICE LIFE / REPLACEMENT COST

TO

TA

L C

OS

T

LIFE CYCLE COST BENEFIT


Semi-finished Stainless Sold To Specs with Only Chemistry and Capability on Mill Test Reports – No Mech Props

Generally >150mm Thick x 900mm Wide and Width > 4 x Thickness(7218.91.00.60)

SLABS

Ingots (Tapered Cast Blocks)(7218.10.00)

Generally 100mm -600 mm Squares, or Rounds (7218.99.00)

BILLETS

STAINLESS SEMI-FINISHEDHTS 7218

Generally Rectangles > 150mm Thickand Width < 4 x Thickness Cross Section > 232 cm2) =(7218.91.00.30)

BLOOMS

INGOTS

INDUSTRY TERMINOLOGY HTS TERMINOLOGY


STAINLESS PLATEHTS 7219 & 7220 – FLAT ROLLED

• 4.75 mm Thick Nominal ,Equal/Greater than 254 mm Wide

• Flat Plate Mill (Discrete), and Continuous Mill Plate Coil

• Annealed or Heat Treated, and Pickled/Descaled

• 600 mm and Wider - 7219, < 600 mm - 7220

• Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, or Other

• Smooth Flat Surface - Straight Square Edges

• Mill Test Report (Chemistry & Mechanical Properties)

NOTE: Items in italic font are in scope definition for orders, but not HTS


STAINLESS SHEET/STRIPHTS 7219 & 7220 – FLAT ROLLED

• Under 4.75 mm Thick

• 600 mm and Wider (Sheet) - 7219

• Greater Than 9.5 mm to 600 mm Wide (Strip) - 7220

• Annealed or Heat Treated, and Pickled/Descaled

• Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled, Cold Rolled, or Other

• Coil and Cut Length (Uncoiled)




STAINLESS BAR/ANGLEHTS 7222

• Straight Lengths = Scope Definition - Bars & Rods = HTS Definition

• Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled or Cold Finished = Same Product

• Rounds, Hexagons, Squares, Flats, Shapes - (7222.11, .19 .20 and .30)

• Angles & Structural Shapes (7222.40)

• Rebar - Scope Definition not in HTS (Logical 7222.11.00.57/59)• Specified Uniform Dimensional Tolerances




• Irregularly Wound Hot Rolled Coils

• Hot Rolled Annealed and/or Pickled/Descaled

• Rounds or Shapes Generally 5.0mm – 32mm

STAINLESS RODHTS 7221




STAINLESS WIREHTS 7223

• Tightly Wound Coils

• Cold Drawn Or Cold Rolled from Rod

• Rounds (7223.00.10)

• Flats (7223.00.50)

• Shapes (7223.00.90)

• Specified Uniform Dimensional Tolerances



Specification AMS-5639, ASTM-A-479

WHAT’S IN A NAMEAISI Designation 304L

UNS Number S30403

Composition 18-8

Trade Names Project 70 +

Application Machining-Forging-Redraw

Mill Test Report 19 CFR 141.89 with CBP CF 7501


MANUFACTURING


HOT ROLLING

DISCRETE PLATES(7219.21, .22 & 7220.11)

+ANNEAL

PICKLE

ANNEAL PICKLE

COILED PLATES

CAST SLAB

=Melt +CASTINGAOD

+

MAKING A STAINLESS PLATE4.75 mm Thick & Larger

(7219.11, .12 & 7220.11)

- HTS 7219 > 600mm

- HTS 7220 < 600mm

(Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled)

NOTE: AOD = ARGON OXYGEN DECARBORIZATION

STAINLESS SCRAP +

RAW MATERIALS

ADDED TO EAF


STAINLESS HOT ROLLED SHEET

Melt

CAST SLAB

=+CASTINGAOD

+

HOT ROLLING

+ANNEAL PICKLE

Less Than 4.75 mm Thick (HTS 7219.13, .14, .23, .24) Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled


STAINLESS SCRAP +

RAW MATERIALS

ADDED TO EAF

(Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled)


STAINLESS COLD ROLLED SHEET/STRIPLess Than 4.75 mm Thick (HTS 7219 & 7220)

Not Further Worked Than Cold Rolled or Other

=COLD ROLLING

ANNEAL PICKLE+HOT ROLLED

SHEET

COLD ROLLED 2D SHEET

STRIP=

=

=

SLIT

CUT

POLISH

SENDZIMIRMILL

2B SHEET>600 MM WIDE

(7219.32, .33, .34, .35, .90)< 600 MM WIDE

(7220.20, .90)


MAKING A STAINLESS BILLETHTS 7218.99.00

Melt =INGOT

++

ROLLED BILLET

+AOD

Melt =VARor

ESR ++REMELT

VAR OR ESR BILLET

+AOD

NOTE: VAR = VACUUM ARC REMELTESR = ELECTROSLAG REMELT

Melt=+

CASTING

CAST BILLET

+AOD

ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE

STAINLESS SCRAP +

RAW MATERIALS


FORGEINGOT

FORGED ROUND BAR

+

ANNEAL+STRAIGHTEN

+

Generally 152.4 mm and Larger, Not Further WorkedThan Hot Worked (HTS 7222.11.00.82 & .84)

+MELT

HOT FORGED

=

AOD

+


STAINLESS SCRAP +

RAW MATERIALS

ADDED TO EAF


HOT ROLL

STRAIGHTEN

ROLLED ROUND BARGenerally 18 mm – 152.4 mm Diameter (HTS 7222.11.00.57 & .59)

Not Further Worked Than Hot Rolled

BILLET/BLOOM

+ + ANNEAL

+HOT ROLLED

=


ForgedAnnealed

RolledAnnealed

+

RoughTurned

ForgingQuality

SmoothTurned

CGE

CenterlessGround

CG &Polish

125 RMSHot

FinishedTolerances100 RMS

50 RMS

50 38mm70 38mm

50 38mm70 38mm

32 RMS

ColdFinished

Tolerances

Peel

Rough Grind

As Turned

Burnish

Polish

CG

CG Belt

Draw

Cold Drawn

RMS N/A

STAINLESS COLD FINISHED ROUNDSIndustry Standards > 18 mm HTS 7222.20.00.62, .64, .67, & .69 Not Further Worked Than Cold Formed/Finished


Peel+

Straighten& Cut

Belt Finish CGE 50 RMS

Billet

+

Draw+

Rod Coil Rolling

+ Anneal orAnneal

Pickle

Straighten& Cut

ColdDrawn

CenterlessGround

RMS N/A

50 RMS

32 RMS

Burnish

CG & Polish

CG

Burnish & PolishCold Drawn RMS N/A

COIL TO COLD FINISHED BARIndustry Standards < 18 mm

HTS 7222.20.00.41 & .43Not Further Worked Than Cold Formed/Finished


STAINLESS FAMILY


Class 1 - Martensitic

Class 2 - Ferritic

Class 3 - Austenitic

Class 4 - PH (Precipitation Hardened)

Class 5 - Duplex

STAINLESS STEEL CLASSES


CLASS 1 MARTENSITIC

• Chromium With Carbon Generally > .08%

• Heat Treatable For Hardness/Strength

• Tempered to Improve Ductility

• Minimum Corrosion Resistance

• Magnetic

• Part of 400 Series Grades


CLASS 1 MARTENSITIC

43116Cr 2Ni

CORROSIONRESISTANCE

422Ni Mo W V

HIGH TEMPERATURESTRENGTH & TOUGHNESS

440C17Cr 1.0C

WEARRESISTANCE

420 13Cr .35C

HARDNESS/STRENGTH

420F.35 Sul

MACHINABILITY

416.35 Sul

RIFLE BARRELQUALITY

416R.10-.20Sul

410S.08 Max C

41012Cr .15 Max C

TOUGHNESS

410Cb


CLASS 1 MARTENSITIC GRADES


MOST POPULAR ALLOYSCLASS 1 MARTENSITIC

CONTAINING < 15% CHROMIUM

AISI Grade UNS Number410416420420F

S41000S41600S42000S42020

CONTAINING > 15% CHROMIUM

AISI Grade UNS Number440C S44004


CLASS 2 FERRITIC

• Chromium With Carbon < .06%

• Not Hardenable Except By Cold Working

• Improved Corrosion Resistance

• Not Susceptible to Stress Corrosion Cracking

• Magnetic

• Remainder of 400 Series Grades


CLASS 2 FERRITIC

WELDABILITY

ECONOMICS

409Cb

43917Cr Ti

40911Cr Ti

43017Cr .05C

430F.35 Sul

MACHINABILITY

430 FR1.25 Si

SOLENOIDQUALITY

44625 Cr

OXIDATIONRESISTANCE

4442 Mo

CORROSIONRESISTANCE


CLASS 2 FERRITIC GRADES


MUFFLERFERRITIC STAINLESS GRADE 409

ASTM A 240


MOST POPULAR ALLOYS CLASS 2 FERRITIC

CONTAINING < 15% CHROMIUM

AISI Grade UNS Number

409409Cb

S40900S40940

CONTAINING > 15% CHROMIUM


430430F430FR434

S43000S43020

-S43400


CLASS 3 AUSTENITIC

• Chrome – Nickel - Manganese

• Not Hardenable Except By Cold Working

• Best Corrosion Resistance

• Non Magnetic

• Excellent Formability and Weldability

• 200 & 300 Series Grades


CLASS 3 AUSTENITIC

HIGH LOW

304H

303.35Sul

MACHINABILITY

303Se

203

30418CR 8NI.08 Max C

30518Cr 11Ni

30117Cr 7Ni

WORK HARDENING302

201

302HQ

CHLORIDE CORROSIONRESISTANCE

316L 317L

304L.03Max C

WELDING

321Ti 8xC

HI TEMPSERVICE

347

30925CR 12 Ni

SCALINGRESISTANCE

310

304N.15N

STRENGTH

XM19.30N

XM28.30N

316N.15N

31616Cr 10Ni 2Mo


CLASS 3 AUSTENITIC GRADES


SKYSCRAPER ROOFAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


PAVILIONAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


KITCHEN APPLIANCESAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


COOKING UTENSILSAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


WINEMAKING VESSELSAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


STAINLESS SOLAR COLLECTORS

Austenitic Grade 304 ASTM A 240 parabolic mirrors concentrate solar heat to drive a Stirling engine and generator to produce electricity


Maine, USA Private house clad in

304 ASTM A 240 – 18 gauge sheet with a brushed finish

1887

Tom Selleck home by an architect Chesapeake Bay, USA

316 ASTM A 240 stainless steel is used for the roof and walls

CONSTRUCTION


KITCHEN SINKAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 301

ASTM A 240


SUBWAY & LIGHT RAIL CARSAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 201

ASTM A 240


STRUCTURE – BOTANICAL GARDENAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 276 & A 240


POULTRY PROCESSING

AUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304LASTM A 276


1981 DELOREANAUSTENITIC STAINLES GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


1936 STAINLESS STEEL FORDAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


MEMORIAL STRUCTUREAUSTENITIC STAINLESS GRADE 304

ASTM A 240


MOST POPULAR ALLOYS CLASS 3 AUSTENITIC


301302302HQ303304304L305308L321347

S30100S30200S30430S30300S30400S30403S30500S30803S32100S34700

CONTAINING > 8% - < 24% NickelCONTAINING > 8% - < 24% Nickel &

> 1 1/2% - < 5% Molybdenum


316316LXM19

S31600S31603S20910


CLASS 4 PH GRADES

• Combination of High Strength and Good Corrosion Resistance

• Precipitation Hardening

• Easy Heat Treatment With No Distortion

• Tradenames


17-4PH (630)17Cr 4Ni 3Cu

MARTENSITEto

MARTENSITE

HIGHER STRENGTH & TOUGHNESS

TRANSVERSE PROPERTIES

15-5PH15Cr 5Ni 3Cu

Custom

450

PH138- Mo13Cr 8Ni 2Mo 1Al

Custom

455

A-28615Cr 25Ni 2Ti

HIGH TEMP

PROPERTIES

AUSTENITE

to

AUSTENITE

17-PH (631)

17Cr 7Ni 1Al

AUSTENITE

to

MARTENSITE

FORMABILITY

PH

15-7Mo

Most grades are registered trade names NOTE: Elements in ITALICS form the precipitate

when combined with Ni

CLASS 4 PH GRADES


CLASS 4 PH GRADES


GOLF CLUB IRONSPH STAINLESS GRADE 17-4 (630)

ASTM A 564


MOST POPULAR ALLOYS CLASS 4 PH GRADES

CONTAINING > 1/2% - < 24% Nickel


630 (17-4 PH)(15-5 PH)

631 (17-7 PH)

S17400S15500S17700

CONTAINING > 24% Nickel & > 1/2% - < 5% Molybdenum


(A-286) S66286


CLASS 5 DUPLEX ALLOYS

• Chromium - Nickel - Moly

• 50% Austenite - 50% Ferrite

• Excellent Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance

• Annealed Strength > 300 Series

• Good Fatigue Strength


CLASS 5 DUPLEX ALLOYS

OTHER SIGNIFICANT GRADES2304 Ferralium 255 2507

(S32304) (S32550) (S32750)

2205(UNS S31803)22Cr 5Ni 3Mo

CONTAINING > 0.5% NICKEL & > 1/2% - < 5% MOLYBDENUM


DEEP WELL DRILLINGDUPLEX STAINLESS GRADE 2205

ASTM A 276


REBAR FOR BRIDGE DECKDUPLEX STAINLESS GRADE 2205

ASTM A 955


STAINLESS SUMMARY

• Mill Test Report Chemistry Only - Semi Finished HTS 7218- Manufacturer + Country of Origin

• Predominately Iron with 10.5% Min. Chrome, 1.2% Max. Carbon

• Trade Case Scope Definition not Same as HTS

• Mill Test Report Sheet/Strip, Plate, Bar, Rod/Wire- Required by 19 CFR 141.89 with Submission of CBP CF 7501 - Manufacturer + Country of Origin

• Production Process Similar to Carbon Steel

• Grade Name Has no Number Significance

• 8 & 10 Digit HTS Category Based Upon Chemistry (Chrome, Nickel & Moly Content), and whether Hot Rolled or Cold Rolled/Finished


CONTACTS

• www.ssina.com (Education – Training

Section for Downloading Copy of This Presentation)

• www.nidi.org

• www.worldstainless.org

• ED BLOT & ASSOCIATES, [email protected]

http://www.ssina.com/

http://www.nidi.org/

http://www.worldstainless.org/

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