Ssd Hand Written

8/19/2019 Ssd Hand Written

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Chapter –4 :SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES.

4.1- Introdut!onThe "peed o# a "$nhronou" %otor an &e ontro''ed &$

(ar$!n) #re*uen$ o# !t" "oure. Due to non-a(a!'a&!'!t$ o# eono%!a' (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ "oure"+ th!" %ethod o# "peedontro' ,a" not u"ed !n the pa"t. S$nhronou" %otor" ,ere %a!n'$u"ed !n on"tant "peed app'!at!on". The de(e'op%ent o# "e%!ondutor (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ "oure" "uh a" !n(erter" and$'o on(erter" ha" a''o,ed the!r u"e !n (ar!a&'e "peedapp'!at!on" "uh a" h!)h po,er and h!)h-"peed o%pre""or"+pu%p" and "tone ru"her". Med!u% and 'ar)e "!e "$nhronou"%otor" nd app'!at!on !n paper and e%ent !ndu"tr$. H!)here/!en$ and !nherent a&!'!t$ to orret po,er #ator an %a0e"$nhronou" %otor" eono%!a''$ attrat!(e !n "p!te o# h!)herap!ta' o"t.

4.. Charater!"t!" #eature" o# a "$nhronou" %otor. It run" e!ther at "$nhronou" "peed or not at a'' !.e.

,h!'e runn!n) !t %a!nta!n" a on"tant "peed. The on'$,a$ to han)e !t" "peed !" to (ar$ the "upp'$ #re*uen$&eau"e N" 2 13#p.

It !" not !nherent'$ "e'#-"tart!n). It ha" to &e run up to"$nhronou" or near "$nhronou" "peed &$ "o%e%ean"+ &e#ore !t an &e "$nhron!ed to the "upp'$.

It !" apa&'e o# &e!n) operated under a ,!de ran)e o# po,er #ator"+ &oth 'a))!n) and 'ead!n). Hene !t an&e u"ed #or orret!on purpo"e"+ !n add!t!on to"upp'$!n) tor*ue to dr!(e 'oad".

4.5 – 6d7u"ta&'e "peed "$nhronou" %otor dr!(e.Speed o# "$nhronou" %otor" an &e ontro''ed &$ ontro''!n)

the "upp'$ #re*uen$. Th!" %ethod o# "peed ontro' !" 0no,n a"the (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ %ethod 8or9 ad7u"ta&'e #re*uen$ ontro'.

S!%!'ar to !ndut!on %otor" on"tant u; operat!on &e'o,&a"e "peed !" ah!e(ed &$ operat!n) the "$nhronou" %otor ,!thon"tant 8(#9 rat!o. One the rated (o'ta)e !" reahed at &a"e"peed the %ah!ne !" operated at rated ter%!na' (o'ta)e and

(ar!a&'e #re*uen$ #or h!)her "peed". The pu'' out tor*ue !"on"tant #or on"tant u; operat!on+ ,h!'e !t !" #ound to derea"e,!th the !nrea"e !n #re*uen$ #or h!)her "peed.

4.4. Speed ontro' %ode" o# "$nhronou" %otorThere are t,o ontro' %ode" #or "$nhronou" %ah!ne dr!(e".!. Open- 'oop 8or9 True "$nhronou" 8or9 "eparate

ontro''ed %ode!!. Se'# – S$nhronou" %ode 8or9 "e'#-ontro''ed %ode.

In open 'oop 8or9 True "$nhronou" %ah!ne %ode+ the

%otor "peed !" ontro''ed &$ the !ndependent #re*uen$ontro' o# the on(erter. In "e'# – ontro' %ode+ the (ar!a&'e


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#re*uen$ on(erter ontro' pu'"e" are der!(ed #ro% ana&"o'ute rotor po"!t!on enoder %ounted on the %otor "ha#t.

4.


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The pha"e (o'ta)e o%%and V"@ !" )enerated throu)h a#unt!on )enerator 8=A9+ ,here the (o'ta)e !" e""ent!a''$%a!nta!ned proport!ona' to the #re*uen$ "o that the "tator #'u; B"re%a!n" on"tant.

In th!" %ode+ the "upp'$ #re*uen$ !" ontro''ed #ro% an!ndependent o"!''ator. =or a )!(en #re*uen$ "ett!n)+the %ah!nerun" at a ;ed "peed+ !ndependent o# (ar!at!on" !n 'oad+ "upp'$(o'ta)e and e'd urrent. Hene the "peed an &e ontro''edpre!"e'$ !n open-'oop &$ ontro''!n) the #re*uen$.

hen operat!n) !n "tead$ "tate+ a )radua' !nrea"e !n#re*uen$ au"e" the "tator e'd "peed to &eo%e )reater thanthe rotor "peed and the tor*ue an)'e to !nrea"e. The %otorae'erate" to #o''o, the han)e" 8!nrea"e9 !n #re*uen$. henthe #re*uen$ reahe" a ne, (a'ue+ the %ah!ne "ett'e" do,n at ane, "peed a#ter hunt!n) o"!''at!on"+ ,h!h are da%ped &$ theda%per ,!nd!n).

On the other hand+ a )radua' derea"e !n #re*uen$ au"e"

the "tator e'd "peed to &eo%e 'o,er than the rotor "peed.Con"e*uent'$ the tor*ue an)'e &eo%e" ne)at!(e. The %otordee'erate" under re)enerat!(e &ra0!n) #o''o,!n) the derea"e !n#re*uen$. hen the #re*uen$ reahe" a ne, "ett!n)+ the%ah!ne "ett'e" at a ne, "peed a#ter o"!''at!on" ,h!h areda%ped &$ the da%per ,!nd!n).

It "hou'd &e en"ure that the #re*uen$ %u"t &e han)ed)radua''$ to a''o, the rotor to tra0 the han)e" !n the re(o'(!n)e'd "peed+ other,!"e the %otor %a$ pu''-out o# "tep.

The %otor an a'"o &e "tarted &$ !nrea"!n) the #re*uen$"'o,'$ #ro% ero (a'ue. It dra," %uh 'o,er urrent and produea %uh h!)her tor*ue.

6" !n the a"e o# an !ndut!on %otor the o%%on ontro'"trate)$ !" to operate the %otor at a on"tant a!r-)ap u; upto the&a"e "peed and at on"tant ter%!na' (o'ta)e a&o(e the &a"e"peed. The a!r-)ap u; depend" on the (a'ue o# the %a)net!!n)urrent I%. Hene on"tant a!r )ap u; operat!on &e'o, &a"e"peed !" ah!e(ed &$ operat!n) the %otor ,!th a on"tant 8(#9rat!o.4.. – Se'# ontro' %ode


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=!). 4. "e'# – ontro''ed "$nhronou" %otor"6 "$nhronou" %ah!ne !" "a!d to &e "e'#-ontro''ed !# !t )et"

!t" operat!n) #re*uen$ #ro% an !n(erter ,ho"e th$r!"tor" are red#ro% a rotor po"!t!on "en"!n) un!t. Th!" un!t %ea"ure" the rotorpo"!t!on ,!th re"pet to a "tator re#erene and "end" pu'"e" to theth$r!"tor".

In th!" ontro'+ a" the rotor "peed han)e"+ the "tator "upp'$#re*uen$ !" a'"o han)ed proport!ona''$+ "o the "tator e'd a',a$"%o(e" at the "a%e "peed a" the rotor. Th!" en"ure" that the "tatorand rotor e'd" %o(e !n "$nhron!"% #or a'' operat!n) po!nt".Con"e*uent'$ a "e'#-ontro''ed "$nhronou" %otor doe" not pu''outo# "tep and doe" not "uer #ro% hunt!n) o"!''at!on" and!n"ta&!'!t$ a""o!ated ,!th a "tep han)e !n tor*ue or #re*uen$

,hen ontro''ed #ro% an !ndependent o"!''ator. The auratetra0!n) o# "peed &$ #re*uen$ !" rea'!ed ,!th the he'p o# a rotorpo"!t!on "en"or.

=!).4. !''u"trate" a "!nu"o!da' >M %ah!ne ,!th "e'# ontro'. The "tator ,!nd!n) o# the %ah!ne !" #ed &$ an !n(erterthat )enerate" a (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ (ar!a&'e (o'ta)e "!nu"o!da'"upp'$. Fut !n th!" a"e !n"tead o# ontro''!n) the !n(erter#re*uen$ !ndependent'$+ the #re*uen$ and pha"e o# the output,a(e are ontro''ed &$ an a&"o'ute po"!t!on "en"or %ounted on%ah!ne "ha#t+ )!(!n) !t "e'#-ontro' harater!"t!". O# our"e+ thepu'"e tra!n #ro% the po"!t!on "en"or an &e de'a$ed &$ an e;terna'o%%and.

6 "e'#-ontro''ed "$nhronou" %ah!ne an &eon"!dered ana'o)ue" to a d %otor e;ept #or the #o''o,!n)d!erene".

!. Un'!0e a d %ah!ne+ the e'd !" rotat!n) and thear%ature !" "tat!onar$ 8o#ten a''ed an !n"!de-out d%ah!ne9

!!. Un'!0e a %ehan!a' po"!t!on – "en"!t!(e !n(erter+ ane'etron! !n(erter that !" ontro''ed &$ an a&"o'utepo"!t!on enoder.

Th!" d %ah!ne ana'o)$ )!(e" the "e'#-ontro''ed"$nhronou" %ah!ne (ar!ou" na%e" "uh a" e'etron!a''$


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o%%utated %otor 8ECM9+ &ru"h'e"" d %otor 8FGDM9 oro%%utator 'e"" – &ru"h'e"" %otor. Ho,e(er+ the o%%er!a'na%e o# FGDM !" re"tr!ted to the trapeo!da' >M %ah!nedr!(e.

=eature"

6n e'etron! o%%utator rep'aed the %ehan!a'o%%utator" and &ru"he"+ thu" e'!%!nat!n) thed!"ad(anta)e" o# the d %ah!ne+ "uh a" %a!ntenaneand re'!a&!'!t$ pro&'e%"+ "par0!n) '!%!tat!on" !n "peedand po,er rat!n)+ d!/u't$ to operate !n orro"!(e ande;p'o"!(e en(!ron%ent"+ EMI pro&'e% et.

Feau"e o# "e'#-ontro'+ the %ah!ne doe" not "ho, an$"ta&!'!t$ or hunt!n) pro&'e% o# the trad!t!ona'"$nhronou" Mah!ne.

The tran"!ent re"pon"e an &e "!%!'ar to a d %ah!ne. !th a h!)h-ener)$ %a)net the rotor !nert!a an &e

%ade "%a''er+ ,h!h !" an ad(anta)e !n a #a"t-re"pon"e"er(o t$pe dr!(e.

Feau"e o# "o %an$ #a(ora&'e harater!"t!"+ "$nhronou"%ah!ne dr!(e" a'%o"t e;'u"!(e'$ u"e "e'#-ontro'.

4. – Co%par!"on &et,een "e'# "eparate'$ ontro''ed"$nhronou" Motor dr!(e.

S'.

No.

Separate'$ ontro' Se'# ontro'

1. Hunt!n) o"!''at!on" arepre"ent

Hunt!n) !" e'!%!nated

. Da%per ,!nd!n) !"re*u!red

No need o# a da%per,!nd!n)

5. Stator "upp'$ #re*uen$!" ontro''ed #ro% an!ndependent o"!''ator

No need o# !ndependento"!''ator #or #re*uen$ad7u"t%ent.

4. Mu't!p'e no. O# %ah!ne"an &e ontro''ed.

S!n)'e %ah!ne !"ontro''ed.

4.J - >o,er #ator ontro'Den!t!on :-

In '!near 'oad"+ po,er #ator 8>.=.9 !" dened a">.=. 2 o" K

here K !" the pha"e an)'e &et,een pha"e (o'ta)e andpha"e urrent o# the 'oad.

=urther #or a three-pha"e 'oad+6pparent po,er 2 5 V IRea' po,er 2 5 V I o"KReat!(e po,er 2 5 VI "!n K

here V 2 pha"e (o'ta)e and I 2 pha"e urrent o# the 'oad+re"pet!(e'$.


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hen a non-'!near 'oad !" #ed #ro% a "!nu"o!da' "upp'$+urrent ,!'' on"!"t o# #unda%enta' and har%on!". The po,er#ator #or a non'!near 'oad !" dened a":

>= 2 Rea' po,er 6pparent po,er 2 5 VI o" K 5.V. Ir%"

2 8o" K9 ; 8I I r%"92 D!"p'ae%ent #ator ;

D!"tort!on #atorhere V 2 #unda%enta' o%ponent o# "oure (o'ta)e and a'"o r%"(a'ue o# "oure (o'ta)e a" "oure !" "!nu"o!da'. I 2 #unda%enta'o%ponent o# 'oad urrent+ Ir%" 2 r%" (a'ue o# the 'oad urrent andK 2 pha"e an)'e &et,een V and I.

D!"p'ae%ent #ator 8or #unda%enta' po,er #ator9 2 o" KD!"tort!on #ator 2 I I r%".

In a non-'!near 'oad+ )ood po,er #ator !" ah!e(ed ,hen&oth d!"p'ae%ent and d!"tort!on #ator" approah un!t$.

4.L – Dr!(e" operat!on on 'o, po,er #atora. 6n !ndut!on %otor d!ret on '!ne&. 6 – D d!ode ret!er and '!ne o%%utated th$r!"tor

on(erter #ed d %otor and (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ a %otordr!(e".

. 6 re)u'ator #ed !ndut!on %otor dr!(e".d. Indut!on %otor dr!(e ,!th "'!p po,er reo(er$.

4.13. Fenet" o# !%pro(!n) >=

!. 6 h!)h po,er #ator derea"e" the opper 'o"" !ntran"#or%er"+ d!"tr!&ut!on a&'e"+ tran"%!""!on" '!ne andother e*u!p%ent"+ thu" a''o,!n) on"!dera&'e "a(!n) !nener)$ on"u%pt!on".

!!. It he'p" !n "ta&!'!!n) the "$"te% (o'ta)e.!!!. It redue" the 'oad on tran"%!""!on and d!"tr!&ut!on

e*u!p%ent and tran"#or%er. Thu"+ !t a''o,"tran"%!""!on o# 'ar)er po,er and #u'' ut!'!at!on o#

"u&"tat!on and )enerat!n) un!t apa&!'!t!e".!(. It a(o!d" 'ar)e pena't$ o#ten !%po"ed on 'o, po,er#ator on"u%er" &$ the ut!'!t!e".

4.11. >o,er #ator ontro' o# "$nhronou" %otor dr!(e.

S$n.Motor

6.C.

Field

rectifier Inverter

Power factor

calculator Phase

control


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Error detetor -- >o,er

#ator

o%%anded(a'ue

=!). 4.5 6uto%at! 'o"ed 'oop ad7u"t%ent o# po,er #ator

=!).4.5 Sho," the &'o0 d!a)ra% o# auto%at! 'o"ed-'oopad7u"t%ent o# po,er #ator.The %a!n a!% o# ad7u"t%ent o# po,er#ator !" the (ar!at!on o# the e'd urrent. Th!" !" po""!&'e !n a,ound e'd %ah!ne. I# the %otor !" operated at a po,er #ator o# un!t$+ the urrent dra,n &$ !t ,!'' ha(e the 'o,e"t %a)n!tude #or a

)!(en po,er !nput and there#ore the 'o,e"t !nterna' opper 'o""e".=ro% th!" d!a)ra%+ the %otor (o'ta)e and urrent are "en"edand #ed to the po,er #ator a'u'ator. The po,er #ator a'u'atoro%pute" the pha"e an)'e &et,een the t,o and there&$ the po,er#ator. It !" the atua' po,er #ator (a'ue.

The o%puted po,er #ator (a'ue !" o%pared a)a!n"t thepo,er #ator o%%anded (a'ue &$ u"!n) error detetor. Theerror !" a%p'!ed &$ the error a%p'!er and !t" output (ar!e" thee'd urrent unt!' >= onr% to the o%%anded (a'ue.

4.1. Mar)!na' an)'e ontro' !n "$nhronou" %otor dr!(e"

Ret!er 8or"oure In(erter 8orMah!ne "!deon(erter9"!de on(erter9

=!). 4.4 Current"oure !n(erter

#eed!n) a "$nhronou"%otor

=!). 4.4. Sho," a urrent "oure !n(erter #eed!n) a"$nhronou" %otor. The d "upp'$ #or the !n(erter !" o&ta!ned#ro% a -pu'"e #u''$ ontro''ed ret!er+ ,h!h to)ether ,!th the'!n0 !ndutor Gd an &e on"!dered to on"t!tute a urrent "oure#or the !n(erter. In add!t!on the '!n0 !ndutor Gd redue" the r!pp'e!n the '!n0 urrent Id and pre(ent" the !n(erter and ret!er #ro%

!nter#a!n) ,!th eah other" operat!on.

controller


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=!). 4.


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Con"tant %ar)!n an)'e ontro'6 nu%&er o# approahe" are po""!&'e #or !n(erter ontro'.

Co%%on'$ u"ed ontro' "trate)$ !" the on"tant %ar)!n an)'eontro'.

The operat!on o# the !n(erter at a %!n!%u% "a#e (a'ue o# the%ar)!n an)'e )!(e" the h!)he"t po,er #ator and the %a;!%u%tor*ue per a%pere o# the "tator urrent+ thu" a''o,!n) the %o"te/!ent u"e o# &oth the !n(erter and %otor. The e;at!%p'e%entat!on o# th!" ontro' "trate)$ !" not po""!&'e &eau"e the%!n!%u% (a'ue o# the o%%utat!on 'ead an)'e annot &eaurate'$ pred!ted. It !" there#ore !%p'e%ented on'$appro;!%ate'$. E(en then !t re*u!re" o%p'e; ontro'.

4.15. C'a""!at!on o# "$nhronou" %otorCo%%on'$ u"ed "$nhronou" %otor" are+!. ound e'd %otor.

a. C$'!ndr!a' rotor ,ound e'd %otor

&. Sa'!ent po'e rotor ,ound e'd %otor!!. >er%anent %a)net %otor!!!. S$nhronou" re'utane %otor!(. H$"tere"!" %otor

6'' the %otor ha(e a "tator ,!th a 5-pha"e ,!nd!n)+ ,h!h !"onneted to an a "oure. Here po,er "$nhronou" re'utaneand h$"tere"!" %otor e%p'o$ a 1-pha"e "tator.

4.14. >er%anent %a)net "$nhronou" %otor

In th!" 0!nd o# %otor"+ e'd e;!tat!on !" o&ta!ned &$%ount!n) per%anent %a)net" on the rotor. Th!" e'!%!nate" d"oure+ 'o""e" a""o!ated ,!th the e'd ,!nd!n) and #re*uent%a!ntenane a""o!ated ,!th "'!p r!n)" and &ru"he" !n a ,ounde'd %otor. Fut the po,er #ator annot &e ontro''ed &eau"e thee'd e;!tat!on annot &e han)ed.

>er%anent %a)net %otor" are u"ua''$ de"!)ned to operate atun!t$ po,er #ator at #u'' 'oad.

The po,er de(e'oped &$ the %otor !"+>% 2 5VE S "!n Z

Tor*ue+ T 2 >% ?%" 2 5VE S ?%" "!n Z4.1< – T$pe" o# per%anent %a)net "$nhronou" %otor".

!. Sur#ae %ounted – >ro7et!n) t$pe – In"et t$pe

!!. Inter!or or &ur!ed


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=!). 4. D!erent t$pe" o# per%anent %a)net "$nhronou" %otor".

Sur#ae %ounted >M %otor" are o# t,o t$pe" : 819 pro7et!n)t$pe+ !n ,h!h %a)net" pro7et #ro% the "ur#ae o# rotor 8=!). 4.8a99+ and 89 !n"et t$pe+ !n ,h!h %a)net" are !n"erted !nto therotor+ pro(!d!n) a "%ooth rotor "ur#ae 8=!). 4. 8&9. The"e %otor"are ea"$ to on"trut and are 'e"" e;pen"!(e+ the$ are 'e"" ro&u"t

o%pared to !nter!or t$pe rotor" and are not "u!ta&'e #or h!)h-"peed app'!at!on". In !nter!or t$pe >M %otor"+ %a)net" are!%&edded !n the !nter!or o# the rotor 8) 4. 899

>er%anent %a)net a %otor" 8>M6C9 !" the notat!ona' #orper%anent %a)net "$nhronou" %otor". The$ are 'a""!ed&a"ed on nature o# (o'ta)e !ndued !n the "tator a"+

!. S!nu"o!da''$ e;!ted!!. Trapeo!da''$ e;!ted.

In the #or%er+ !ndued (o'ta)e ha" a "!nu"o!da' ,a(e#or% and!n the 'ater !ndued (o'ta)e ha" trapeo!da' ,a(e#or%. The"e

>M6C %otor" are o%%on'$ 0no,n a" "!nu"o!da' >M6C andtrapeo!da' >M6C %otor".


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The "peed o# >M 6C %otor" !" ontro''ed &$ #eed!n) the%#ro% (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ (o'ta)e urrent. The$ are operated !n"e'#-ontro''ed %ode. Rotor po"!t!on "en"or" are e%p'o$ed #oroperat!on !n "e'#-ontro' %ode. 6'ternat!(e'$ !ndued (o'ta)e an&e u"ed to ah!e(e "e'#-ontro'.

D!erent !n(erteron(erter !ru!t" #or >M6C %otor" aredra,n u"!n) po,er tran"!"tor. The urrent trend !" to u"e MOS=ET#or 'o, (o'ta)e and 'o, po,er app'!at!on" and IAFT #or other".

In the ear'!er da$"+ "e'#-ontro''ed (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ dr!(e"e%p'o$!n) a "!nu"o!da' >M6C %otor ,ere a'"o a''ed &ru"h 'e"" d%otor dr!(e" 8FDCM9. The$ are no, "!%p'$ a''ed >M6C %otordr!(e".

The "e'#-ontro''ed (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ dr!(e" e%p'o$!n) atrapeo!da' >M6C %otor are no, a''ed &ru"h 'e"" d %otor dr!(e"or trapeo!da' >M6C %otor dr!(e".

4.1 Fru"h 'e"" d %otor dr!(e" or Trapeo!da' >M6C dr!(e".

=!). 4. ro"" "et!on o# a trapeo!da' >M6C %otor

=!) 4. "ho," the ro"" "et!on o# a 5-pha"e+ po'e

trapeo!da' >M 6C %otor. It ha" a per%anent %a)net rotor ,!th,!de po'e ar. The "tator ha" 5- onentrated pha"e ,!nd!n)"+,h!h are d!"p'aed &$ 13Q and eah pha"e ,!nd!n) "pan" 3Q oneah "!ded.

hen re(o'(!n) !n the ounter 'o0,!"e d!ret!on+ upto 13Qrotat!on #ro% the po"!t!on "ho,n !n )ure+ a'' top ondutor" o# pha"e 6 ,!'' &e '!n0!n) the "outh po'e and a'' &otto% ondutor" o# pha"e 6 ,!'' &e '!n0!n) the north po'e. Hene the (o'ta)e !ndued!n pha"e 6 ,!'' &e the "a%e dur!n) 13Q rotat!on. Fe$ond 13Q+"o%e ondutor" !n the top '!n0 North >o'e and other" the South>o'e. Sa%e happen" ,!th the &otto% ondutor". Hene+ the(o'ta)e !ndued !n pha"e 6 '!near'$ re(er"e" !n ne;t 3Q rotat!on.


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4.1 – Speed ontro' o# &ru"h'e"" d %otor u"!n) In(erter.

=!). 4.J Speed ontro' o# &ru"h 'e"" D.C Motor u"!n) !n(erter

6n !n(erter #ed trapeo!da' >M6C %otor dr!(e operat!n) !n"e'#-ontro''ed %ode !" a''ed a" &ru"h 'e"" d %otor. 6 #u'',a(e &ru"h 'e"" d %otor !" #ed #ro% a 5-pha"e !n(erter 8VSI9 ,!th#eed&a0 d!ode" !" "ho,n !n )ure 4.J.

hen the tran"!"tor !" o+ the ,!nd!n) urrent o," throu)h#eed&a0 d!ode" and the ener)$ "tored !n the ,!nd!n) !ndutane!" returned to the "oure.

Three Ha'' eet "en"or" 8'oated at 13Q e'etr!a' apart9

and a %a)net r!n) #or% a rotor po"!t!on "en"or.Ma)net r!n) !" %ounted on the rotor "ha#t and there#orere(o'(e" ,!th the rotor.

Due to the %o(e%ent o# the %a)net r!n)+ Ha'' "en"or")enerate 5-pha"e a (o'ta)e" "h!#ted &$ 13Q ,h!h !" u"ed to turnON the tran"!"tor" !n the "e*uene o# the!r nu%&er" ,!th a pha"ed!erene o# 3Q and eah tran"!"tor !" ON #or 13Q. Eah pha"eondut" t,!e !n a $'e.Speed ontro'

!. The "peed an &e ontro''ed &$ (ar$!n) the d !nput(o'ta)e+ &$ onnet!n) a hopper &et,een the d "oure

and the !n(erter.!!. The "peed an a'"o &e ontro''ed &$ (ar$!n) the !nput

(o'ta)e or urrent o# the %otor &$ a "u!ta&'e >Mtehn!*ue+ 0eep!n) the !n(erter d !nput (o'ta)eon"tant.


13/20

=!). 4.L Indued (o'ta)e ,a(e#or%" o# a &ru"h'e"" d %otor.6d(anta)e"

1. Re*u!re no %a!ntenane 8a&"ene o# o%%utator" and &ru"he"9

. Gon) '!#e+ h!)h re'!a&!'!t$5. Go, !nert!a+ there&$ #a"ter ae'erat!on 8run up to 53+333 rp%and h!)her are o%%on94. Go, #r!t!ono!nt" to ponder:

Open 'oop or "eparate or true "$nhronou" %ode and "e'#-ontro''ed %ode are the t,o d!erent %ode" e%p'o$ed toah!e(e (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ ontro' !n a "$nhronou" %otor.

Co%%on'$ u"ed "$nhronou" %otor" are ,ound e'd+per%anent %a)net+ "$nhronou" re'utane and h$"tere"!"%otor.

Fa"ed on nature o# (o'ta)e !ndued !n the "tator per%anent

%a)net "$nhronou" %otor are 'a""!ed a" "!nu"o!da''$e;!ted and Trapeo!da''$ e;!ted.


14/20

E'!%!nat!on o# e'd opper 'o""+ h!)her po,er den"!t$+ 'o,errotor !nert!a and %ore ro&u"t on"trut!on o# the rotor arethe ad(anta)e" o# per%anent %a)net "$nhronou" %otor.

In "e'#-ontro' %ode+ the %ah!ne an &e 'oo0ed upon a" a d%otor ha(!n) !t" o%%utator rep'aed &$ a on(erteronneted to "tator. The "e'# ontro''ed %otor run ha"

propert!e" o# a d %otor &oth under "tead$ "tate andd$na%! ond!t!on" and there#ore+ !" a''ed o%%utator 'e""%otor 8CGM.9

4.1L.8!9 So'(ed >ro&'e%"

The "$nhronou" %otor o# a "e'#-ontro''ed dr!(e+ #ed #ro% a'oad-o%%utated urrent "oure !n(erter+ ha" the #o''o,!n) na%ep'ate data..


15/20

2 5 ; 5J13.< ; 41J ; 3.< 2 5.


16/20

2 5.4 – 7J54. 2 J _-3.1


17/20

4.3. Re(!e, *ue"t!on" – >art 6 ,!th an",er".1. hat are the %ode" o# operat!on !n (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ ontro'%ethodb

!. True "$nhronou" %ode 8or9 "eparate ontro''ed %ode.!!. open 'oop 8or9 "e'#-"$nhronou" %ode 8or9 Se'# –

ontro''ed %ode.. hat !" the %a!n ad(anta)e o# u"!n) 'o"ed 'oop ontro' !ndr!(e"b

The 'o"ed 'oop ontro' ha" (er$ "tead$ "tate error and henethe output !" (er$ 'o"e to

the de"!red (a'ue and an &e ontro''ed.5. hat are the %a7or app'!at!on" o# $'o-on(erter #ed"$nhronou" %otorb

The $'o on(erter dr!(e !" attrat!(e #or 'o, "peedoperat!on and #re*uent'$ e%p'o$ed

!n 'ar)e 'o, "peed re(er"!n) %!''" re*u!r!n) rap!d a'erat!onand dee'erat!on. 6'"o u"ed

#or a )ear'e"" dr!(er !n %!ne"+ ho!"t"+ h!)h po,er pu%p and&'o,er t$pe %otor.4. hat are the t,o ontro''er" e%p'o$ed !n the 'o"ed 'oopontro' o# "$nhronou" %otor dr!(e"b

The "peed ontro''er and urrent ontro''er are the t,o %a7orontro''er" u"ed !n the

'o"ed 'oop ontro' o# dr!(e".


18/20

%otor. The on(erter !n the 'oad "!de per#or%" the #unt!on o#a o%%utator. The

"$nhronou" %otor #ed ,!th d "upp'$ throu)h the on(erter+at" '!0e a d %ah!ne+ ,!th

the "tator and rotor e'd" re%a!n!n) "tat!onar$ ,!th re"pet toeah other at a'' "peed".L. Ho, !" the d!ret!on o# rotat!on re(er"ed !n a &ru"h'e"" d%otorb

The d!ret!on o# rotat!on o# a &ru"h'e"" d %otor an &ere(er"ed &$ "h!#t!n) the

ontro' pu'"e" to the po,er de(!e" !n the !ru!t &$ 1J3Q.13. A!(e t,o "a'!ent #eature" o# $'oon(erter" u"ed to ontro' the"$nhronou" %otor "peed.

!. C$'oon(erter" are !nherent'$ apa&'e o# po,ertran"#er !n &oth d!ret!on".

!!. The har%on! ontent o# the urrent !" "%a''.!!!. The '!ne po,er #ator !" "o%e,hat &etter &eau"e the

%ah!ne po,er #ator an &e %ade un!t$.11. hat happen" to the "tator urrent o# a "$nhronou" %otor,hen (# !" 0ept on"tantb

S!ne the u; !" on"tant+ the urrent a'"o re%a!n !n on"tant%a)n!tude.1. A!(e the app'!at!on o# CSI #ed "$nhronou" %otor.

Aa" tur&!ne "tart!n) pu%ped h$dro tur&!ne "tart!n)+ pu%pand &'o,er dr!(er+ et.15. hat are the d!"ad(anta)e" o# $'o-on(erter #ed"$nhronou" %otor dr!(eb

6 $'o on(erter re*u!re" a 'ar)e nu%&er o# th$r!"tor and !t"ontro' !ru!tr$ !"

o%p'e;.14. A!(e "o%e app'!at!on o# 'oad-o%%utated !n(erter #ed"$nhronou" %otor dr!(e.

H!)h "peed and h!)h po,er dr!(e" #or o%pre""or"+ &'o,er"+on(e$or"+ "tee' ro''!n)

%!''"+ %a!n-'!ne trat!on and a!r ra#t te"t #a!'!t!e".1


19/20

!!!. Do not ha(e o"!''ator$ &eha(!our.1J. hat are the harater!"t! o# true "$nhronou" %ode operated"$nhronou" %otorb

!. The %otor &eha(e" '!0e on(ent!ona' "$nhronou" %otor!.e hunt!n) o"!''at!on" e;!"t". The han)e" !n #re*uen$!" "'o, enou)h #or rotor to tra0 the han)e".

!!. Mu't! %otor operat!on !" po""!&'e here1L. hen an the "$nhronou" %otor &e 'oad o%%utatedb

hen the "$nhronou" %otor operate" at a 'ead!n) po,er#ator th$r!"tor" o# the 'oad

"!de on(erter an &e o%%utated &$ the %otor !ndued(o'ta)e" "a%e ,a$ a" the

th$r!"tor" o# a '!ne o%%utated on(erter are o%%utated &$'!ne (o'ta)e".3. hat are the d!"ad(anta)e" o# the VSI #ed "$nhronou" %otorb

The "tator urrent dra,n &$ the %otor ,hen !n(erter #ed ha""harp pea0" and r!h !n

har%on! ontent+ that au"e add!t!ona' 'o""e" and heat!n) o#the %otor. The$ a'"oprodu!n) pu'"at!n) tor*ue that are o&7et!ona&'e at 'o,

"peed".1. hat !" %eant &$ &ru"h'e"" e;!tat!onb

The "$nhronou" %otor an &e operated at an$ de"!red po,er#ator &$ (ar$!n) d

e;!tat!on. The trad!t!ona' %ethod" on"!"t" o# pha"eontro''ed ret!er" that "upp'$ the

e'd throu)h "'!pr!n)" and &ru"he". The d!"ad(anta)e" o#"'!pr!n)" and &ru"he" an &e

a(o!ded &$ u"!n) &ru"h'e"" e;!tat!on.. hat are the !%portant #eature" o# &ru"h'e"" d %otor"he%e.

!. The$ re*u!re prat!a''$ no %a!ntenane+ ha(!n) 'on)'!#e.

!!. H!)h re'!a&!'!t$!!!. Go, !nert!a and 'o, #r!t!on!(. Go, rad!o #re*uen$ !nter#erene and no!"e.(. Due to 'o, !nert!a and #r!t!on the$ ha(e #a"ter

ae'erat!on and an &e run at %uh h!)her "peed".

(!. Coo'!n) !" %uh &etter.(!!. H!)her e/!en$.5. hat are the t$pe" o# per%anent %a)net %otor" &a"ed on!ndued (o'ta)eb

!. S!nu"o!da''$ e;!ted >M %otor !!. Trapeo!da''$ e;!ted>M %otor.4.1. Re(!e, *ue"t!on" – >art F 1. !. De"r!&e the &ru"h'e"" d.. %otor ,!th re#erene to"$nhronou" dr!(e. G!"t #e,

o# !t" app'!at!on". !!. hat !" the &a"! d!erene &et,een the true "$nhronou"

%ode and "e'# ontro'


20/20

%ode #or (ar!a&'e #re*uen$ ontro' o# "$nhronou" %otor.E;p'a!n the operat!on". . !. E;p'a!n ho, po,er #ator ontro' !" ah!e(ed !n "$nhronou"%otor dr!(e". !!. 6 1333 0+ 5-pha"e+ . 0V+

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