SS6H2 The student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European...
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SS6H2 The student will explain the development of Latin America and the Caribbean from European colonies to independent nations.
a. Describe the influence of African slavery on the development of the Americas.
b. Describe the influence of the Spanish and the Portuguese on the language and religions of Latin America.
c. Explain the Latin American independence movement; include the importance of Toussaint L’Ouverture, Simon Bolivar, and Miguel Hidalgo.
SS6H2a-African SlaveryEuropeans who came to the Americas needed a large & cheap labor force to mine gold and silver and to grow sugar cane.
Most natives died from diseases, violence with Europeans, or harsh working conditions.
Europeans looked to Africa for labor.Many African slaves died of disease or starvation.
SS6H2a-African SlaverySlave labor helped to build many businesses in Latin America, but the wealth went back to Europe.
Countries started gaining freedom from Europe in the 1800s, ending slavery.
Mulattoes = African & European ancestors60% Cubans & 50% Brazilians are Mulattoes
SS6H2b-Language & ReligionAs the Spanish and Portuguese conquered the indigenous people, they spread their language and religion.
Spanish: Most of Central & South America and the Caribbean Islands
Portuguese: BrazilSpanish or Portuguese = languages of government, business, and power
Native languages still spoken today
SS6H2b-Language & ReligionMostly Roman CatholicSpanish & Portuguese governments sent missionaries to New World to convert indigenous people to Christianity
Indigenous people often “said” they were practicing Catholicism, but continued to practice traditional beliefs
Some religions mixed with Catholic beliefs
SS6H2c-Independence MovementSpain & Portugal ruled most of Latin America for nearly 300 years
American Revolution in 1776 & French Revolution in 1789 encouraged Latin American countries to seek freedom
SS6H2c-Independence MovementToussaint L’OuvertureFamous black freedom fighter in Saint Domingue (present day Haiti)
Learned about freedom from his fatherPlantation owner allowed him to read & write
L’Ouverture - nickname because he could find “openings” in the enemies’ lines
SS6H2c-Independence Movement1789=French Revolution – granted freedom to blacks & mulattoes
1791=French gov’t changed its mindToussaint led slave army & defeated French troops
1793=French abolished slavery altogether so Toussaint fought against Spanish & British
Toussaint left in charge of Saint Domingue1802=Toussaint was captured & imprisoned in France (where he died soon after)
SS6H2c-Independence MovementSimon BolivarKnown as “Liberator” and “George Washington of South America”
Helped win independence for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela between 1810-1824
Bolivia is named after him
SS6H2c-Independence MovementSimon BolivarBorn to wealthy family in VenezuelaRead books about freedom & lived through French Revolution
Became dictator & tried to create one large South American country named Gran Colombia
Died of tuberculosis in 1830
SS6H2c-Independence MovementMiguel HidalgoFather of Mexican Independence, but he did not live to see independence
Priest who led peasant army against Spanish army in Mexico
1810-encouraged people to fight for freedom
1811-Tried for treason, found guilty, & executed
1821-Mexico won independence
SS6H3 The student will analyze important 20th century issues in Latin America and the Caribbean.
a. Explain the impact of the Cuban Revolution.
b. Explain the impact and political outcomes of the Zapatista guerrilla movement in Mexico.
SS6H3a-Cuban RevolutionPrior to 1950’sAmericans traded with Cuba, owned land in Cuba, & bought Cuba’s sugar cane crop
Late 1950’sBatista made himself dictator, Cubans were not happy (poverty, education, healthcare)
1959= Fidel Castro led rebels against Batista & won. He ruled nearly 50 years.
SS6H3a-Cuban RevolutionFidel CastroOrganized communist governmentAll farms, factories, & businesses owned by Cubans became government property
All property belonging to Americans now belonged to government
Arrested Batista supporters - most went before firing squad, others to prison
Newspapers, radio & TV were shut downChurches closed & property went to gov’t
SS6H3a-Cuban RevolutionFidel CastroHospitals & schools were improvedWomen & blacks were better educated & had better jobs
Everyone was guaranteed a wage (very low)
Christians were discriminated againstCuba became one of poorest & least free countries in the region