SS 593 Code of Practice for Pollution Control

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This Singapore Standard was approved by Building and Construction Standards Committee on behalf of the Singapore Standards Council on 26 November 2013.

First published, 2014

The Building and Construction Standards Committee, appointed by the Standards Council, consists of the following members:

Name Capacity

Chairman : Mr Goh Peng Thong Member, Standards Council

1st Dy Chairman : Er. Lee Chuan Seng Member, Standards Council

2nd Dy Chairman : Mr Tan Tian Chong Member, Standards Council

Secretary : Ms Lee Hiok Hoong SPRING Singapore

Members : Mr Bin Chee Kwan National Environment Agency Er. Chan Ewe Jin Institution of Engineers, Singapore Mr Chan Kok Way Individual Capacity Er. Chee Kheng Chye Housing & Development Board Mr Chng Chee Beow Real Estate Developers’ Association of

Singapore Mr Paul Fok Land Transport Authority Mr Desmond Hill Singapore Contractors Association Ltd Er. Ismadi Mohd Ministry of Manpower Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Singapore Institute of Architects Ms Andris Leong Building and Construction Authority Assoc Prof Leong Eng Choon Nanyang Technological University Dr Lim Lan Yuan Association of Property and Facility

Managers Er. Lim Peng Hong Association of Consulting Engineers

Singapore Mr Silas Loh Singapore Institute of Surveyors and

Valuers Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Urban Redevelopment Authority Assoc Prof Gary Ong Khim Chye National University of Singapore Mr Davis Ong Wee Choon Singapore Manufacturing Federation

Mr Christopher Tan Singapore Civil Defence Force Er. Tang Pei Luen JTC Corporation Dr Tam Chat Tim Individual Capacity

Co-opted Member : Prof Choo Yoo Sang National University of Singapore

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The Technical Committee on Architectural Works, appointed by the Building and Construction Standards Committee and responsible for the preparation of this standard, consists of representatives from the following organisations:

Name Capacity

Chairman : Mr Larry Ng Lye Hock Member, Building and Construction Standards Committee

Dy Chairman : Mr Benedict Lee Khee Chong Member, Building and Construction Standards Committee

Secretary : Mr Allan Koh SPRING Singapore

Members : Mr Cheah Kok Ming National University of Singapore Mr Choy Kin Man TUV SUD PSB Pte Ltd Mr Gan Geok Chua Singapore Glass Association Mr Goh Chun Hee Individual Capacity Ms Vivien Heng Cheng Sim Singapore Green Building Council Mr Koh Bon Pock Singapore Timber Association Mr Lau Kwong Chung Singapore Institute of Architects Maj Lim Lam Kwang Singapore Civil Defence Force Mr Rajendran Ramamoorthy Building and Construction Authority Mr See Sing Kok Institution of Engineers, Singapore Mr See Sing Mun Singapore Manufacturing Federation Ms Tan Hwee Yong Housing & Development Board Mr Wong Chung Wan Individual Capacity Mr Wilson Wong King Chiong Singapore Contractors Association Ltd Ms Catherine Wong Phui

Chan Setsco Services Pte Ltd

Ms Jesseline Yap Tiles Association Singapore Co-opted Members : Er. Chong Kee Sen Institution of Engineers, Singapore

Mr Fang Yea Saen K&C Protective Technologies

The Working Group, appointed by the Technical Committee to assist in the preparation of this standard, comprises the following experts who contribute in their individual capacity:

Name

Convenor : Er. Chong Kee Sen

Co-Convenor : Mr Bin Chee Kwan Mr Anselm Gonsalves (served till 1 April 2013)

Secretary : Mr Chow Chee Kiong

Members : Mr Aaron Ang Cheng Hua Mr Au Wing Kuen Mr Cheong Yew Kee Mr Leong Kuo Sam Mr Long Han Boon

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Name

Members : Ms Helen Ng Mr Tan Cheong Ee Mr David Tan Er. Tang Pei Luen Ms Jannie Wan Mr Wong Chiew Yii

The organisations in which the experts of the Working Group are involved are:

Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore Association of Consulting Engineers Singapore Building and Construction Authority Institution of Engineers, Singapore JTC Corporation National Environment Agency Singapore Chemical Industry Council Singapore Institute of Architects Singapore Land Authority Urban Redevelopment Authority

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ContentsPage

Foreword 7

Section One – General

1 Scope 8

2 Normative references 8

3 Definitions and abbreviations 8

Section Two – Judicious siting of industries and other developments

4 Objective 10

Section Three – Requirements for industries

5 Clean industry 10

6 Light industry 10

7 General industry 11

8 Special industry 11

Section Four – Requirements to operate a factory

9 Use of industrial premises 12

10 Trade effluent discharge into public sewer and watercourse 12

Section Five – Pollution control requirements

11 Water pollution 13

12 Air pollution 15

13 Noise pollution 18

Section Six – Hazardous substances and toxic industrial waste control requirements

14 Hazardous substances 19

15 Toxic industrial waste 19

Section Seven – Control of land pollution and remediation of contaminated sites

16 Polluting activities 20

17 Site assessment study and clean-up of contaminated sites 20

18 Remediation of contaminated sites 20

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Annexes

A (normative) Examples of clean industries 21

B (normative) Examples of light industries 22

C (normative) Examples of general industries 23

D (normative) Examples of special industries 25

E (normative) List of scheduled premises 27

F (normative) List of hazardous substances as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act 29

G (normative) List of toxic industrial wastes 40

H (normative) Allowable limits for trade effluent discharged into a public sewer/watercourse/controlled watercourse as specified in the EPMA, SDA and their Regulations 43

I (informative) Example of trade effluent sampling sump design 45

J (informative) Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory 46

K (informative) Example of pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system 48

L (normative) Guidelines for leak test 49

M (normative) Guidelines for contingency plan 50

N (normative) Guidelines for storage of hazardous substances 51

O (normative) Retention basin for spent fire-fighting water for warehouse storing hazardous substances 53

P (informative) Example of dilution tank design 54

Q (normative) Standards of concentration of air impurities as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act and its Regulations 55

R (normative) Emission standards for special waste incinerators 58

S (normative) Polluting activities subject to site assessment before change of use or rezoning 59

T (informative) Standards and technical guidelines for assessment and remediation of contaminated sites 60

U (informative) Listing of some approvals by the relevant authorities on pollution control and other environmental matters 61

Table

1 Building setbacks for residential developments near MRT tracks 18

Figure

1 Chimney height for the safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment 17

Bibliography 62

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Foreword

This Singapore Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee on Architectural Works under the purview of the Building and Construction Standards Committee.

The pollution control requirements specified in this code are mainly performance-based so as to allow industrialists, architects, professional engineers and consultants to exercise flexibility and creativity in their designs to meet the stated requirements.

The code is aligned to relevant statutory regulations or by-laws of the regulatory authorities or other government bodies. In general, the Qualified Person shall submit Building Plans (BPs) of the building works to the relevant authorities for approval on pollution control and other environmental matters (refer to the informative Annex U).

In preparing this standard, reference was made to the following standards:

1. CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management

2. International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code

Acknowledgement is made to International Maritime Organization for the use of information from the IMDG Code and the domain experts, Dr. Kenny Yap Sau Hee, Dr. Lawrence Koe Choon Chiaw and Prof. Liya E. Yu whom we have consulted for this standard.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this Singapore Standard may be the subject of patent rights. SPRING Singapore shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all of such patent rights.

NOTE

1. Singapore Standards are subject to periodic review to keep abreast of technological changes and newtechnical developments. The changes in Singapore Standards are documented through the issue of eitheramendments or revisions.

2. Compliance with a Singapore Standard does not exempt users from legal obligations.

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Code of practice for pollution control

Section One – General

1 Scope

This code specifies the recommended pollution control requirements and good practices to safeguard clean air, clean land, clean water and a quality living environment. Siting requirements for various types of developments, management of hazardous substances, toxic industrial wastes, land contamination and remediation are also included.

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this code. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

SS CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management

SS 553 – Code of practice for air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation in buildings

SS 586 – Hazard Communication for Hazardous Chemicals and Dangerous Goods

SS CP 48 – Code of Practice for Water Services

3 Definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this code, the following definitions apply:

3.1 Air impurities

Includes smoke, cinders, solid particles of any kind, gases, fumes, odours and radioactive substances.

3.2 Controlled watercourse

A watercourse from which potable water supplied by the Public Utilities Board (PUB) under the Public Utilities Act is obtained but does not include a watercourse from which water is pumped into a main of the PUB.

3.3 Fuel burning equipment

Any furnace, boiler, fire place, oven, retort or incinerator.

3.4 Hazardous substance

Any of the substances listed in the Schedule of the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) (see also Annex F).

3.5 IMDG

International Maritime Dangerous Goods.

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3.6 Pollution control study

A study on environmental pollution control and related matters as defined in the EPMA.

3.7 Public sewer

Includes the following:

(a) a sewer which was vested in the Government before the appointed day under the repealed Water Pollution Control and Drainage Act (or any other written law);

(b) a sewer with respect to which a declaration of vesting has been made under the Sewerage and Drainage Act (SDA);

(c) a sewer constructed by the Government on any private property at its expense or acquired by the Government; and

(d) a sewer erected on private property which is maintained by the Government.

3.8 Polluting substance

Any oil, solvent or chemical that can cause pollution to a watercourse.

3.9 QRA

Quantitative Risk Assessment

3.10 Scheduled premises

Any premises listed in Annex E.

3.11 Sewage

Includes water-borne domestic waste and trade effluent.

3.12 Stormwater

Rainwater or surface water but does not include sewage.

3.13 Toxic industrial waste

Any of the wastes listed in Annex G.

3.14 Trade effluent

Any liquid, either with or without particles of matter in suspension therein, which is the outflow from any trade, business or manufacture or of any works of engineering or building construction.

3.15 Watercourse

Includes a reservoir, lake, river, stream, canal, drain, spring or well or a part of the sea abutting on the foreshore and any other natural, artificial or sub-surface body of water.

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Section Two – Judicious siting of industries and other developments

4 Objective

4.1 Environmental impact can be mitigated by ensuring that developments are sited in designated areas in accordance with the land use Master Plan and pollution control measures are incorporated in their design. Hence, it is important that at the planning stage of development projects, architects, professional engineers and developers ascertain the impact of the developments in relation to the surrounding land use and vice versa. The measures to control air, water and noise pollution, the management of hazardous substances, and the treatment and disposal of toxic wastes should be examined and indicated clearly in the development proposals.

4.2 To guide land use planning and help industrialists select suitable industrial premises, industries are classified under four categories, according to the activities based on their potential environmental impacts such as noise, odour, vibration, fumes, dust, etc. The four categories are clean industries, light industries, general industries and special industries (see below). Generally, the industry uses shall be sited in factory premises that are designated for such use in the land use Master Plan. In addition, the buffer distance(s) as specified in Clauses 5, 6, 7 and 8 should be factored in to mitigate the potential nuisance impacts on surrounding developments.

4.3 Industrial premises including warehouses located within water catchments should not be used for storage of hazardous or polluting substances without written approval from relevant authorities. A QRA study needs to be carried out for industries handling hazardous substances which shall identify and quantify hazards and risks related to the transport, use and storage of those hazardous materials.

4.4 For residential developments located near expressways, petrol stations, places of worship or MRT tracks/stations, reference should also be made to Clause 13.

Section Three – Requirements for industries

5 Clean industry

5.1 Factories that do not generate any air pollutants, waste water as well as nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.

5.2 No buffer is required between clean industrial site boundary and residential premises.

5.3 Factories should not use, handle or store hazardous substances.

5.4 Examples of clean industries are given in Annex A.

6 Light industry

6.1 Factories that generate some air pollutants and waste water within permissible limits without the need for pollution control equipment, and pose minimal potential nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.

6.2 There should be a buffer distance of at least 50 m between the light industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.

6.3 Factories should only use gaseous fuel (such as LPG or NG or town gas) for burning equipment.

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6.4 No buffer is required between any food industry premises and light industry premises. However, food industries that may give rise to any emissions, such as odour, fumes, steam, should be sited in food zones or in private land developments designated or approved by the relevant authorities.

6.5 Examples of light industries are given in Annex B.

7 General industry

7.1 Factories that generate significant amounts of air pollutants and waste water and would require pollution control equipment to treat the air pollutants and waste water to comply with the permissible limits. General industry could pose potential nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that could adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.

7.2 There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between the general industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.

7.3 There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between the boundaries of any food industry premises and general industry premises and vice-versa. Where required by the relevant authorities, risk assessments should be conducted by competent independent assessors to ensure the activities of a general industry do not pose any contamination risk to the food industries nearby.

7.4 Annex C lists some examples of general industry.

7.5 Food industries that may give rise to any emissions, such as odour, fumes, steam, shall be sited in food zones or in private land developments designated or approved by the relevant authorities.

7.6 Factories should install, operate and maintain pollution control equipment in order to minimise air, water and noise pollution arising from their operations in accordance to the EPMA and its regulations.

8 Special industry

8.1 Factories that can cause serious air and water pollution and will require pollution control equipment to treat the air pollutants and waste water to comply with the permissible limits. Special industry can also pose serious nuisance impacts due to dust, fumes, noise and smell that will adversely affect adjoining and surrounding premises.

8.2 There should be a buffer distance of at least 500 m between the special industrial site boundary and the nearest residential building.

8.3 There should be a buffer distance of at least 100 m between any food industry premises and special industry premises and vice-versa. Where required by the relevant authorities, risk assessments conducted by a competent independent assessors to ensure the activities of a special industry does not pose any contamination risk to any food industry nearby.

8.4 Annex D lists some examples of special industries. Special industry includes industries classified as scheduled premises and a list of scheduled premises is given in Annex E.

8.5 Special industries such as oil refineries, petrochemical and chemical manufacturing plants, toxic industrial wastes treatment facilities, should be sited at least 1 km from the industrial site boundary to the nearest residential building or from any food industries.

8.6 Where required by the relevant authorities, developers of special industries may be required to conduct the following studies.

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8.6.1 Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) Study

A QRA study should be carried out to:

(a) identify and quantify hazards and risks related to the transport, use and storage of hazardous chemicals;

(b) determine impact zones due to accidents which could lead to fire, explosion or release of toxic gases (the impact zones should not extend to residential sites);

(c) recommend measures to be incorporated in the design and operation of the plant to keep risks to a low level and to minimise the impact zones; and

(d) facilitate the development of emergency response plans to deal with all credible accident scenarios.

8.6.2 Pollution control study

A pollution control study should be carried out to:

(a) identify sources of emission of air pollutants, discharge of trade effluent, generation of wastes and emission of noise; and

(b) propose measures to reduce pollution and to mitigate adverse pollution impact on surrounding land use.

Section Four – Requirements to operate a factory

9 Use of industrial premises

The following guidelines and the Industrial Allocation (IA) from the relevant authority on the use of industrial premises should be complied with:

(a) the premises are sited in a designated industrial estate and is compatible with the surrounding land use;

(b) clean technology is adopted to minimise the use of hazardous substances and the generation of wastes. The processes used will facilitate recycling, reuse and recovery of the wastes;

(c) the use or storage of hazardous substances will not pose unmanageable health and safety hazards, and pollution problems;

(d) the discharge of trade effluent and emission of air impurities should comply with discharge or emission standards as given in Annex H and Annex Q; and

(e) the wastes generated can be safely managed and properly disposed of.

10 Trade effluent discharge into public sewer and watercourse

All wastewater generated from industrial/trade premises to be discharged into a public sewer shall comply with the requirements of the statutory regulations and requirements of the relevant authority.

All effluents that are prohibited to be discharged into a public sewer shall be collected and sent to approved treatment plants for disposal. No sewage or sullage water or water with other pollutants (listed in the SDA and the Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations) should be discharged into an open drain at all times.

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Section Five – Pollution control requirements

Industrial and other developments should be designed and incorporated with pollution control facilities to reduce and control pollution so as to minimise any adverse pollution impact on surrounding developments.

11 Water pollution

11.1 General requirements

11.1.1 All wastewater are to be discharged into a public sewer unless a written waiver is granted by the relevant authority. All uncontaminated rainwater should be discharged into a watercourse or other collection medium with the approval of the relevant authorities. Contaminated rainwater should be collected and treated in compliance with the discharge limits stipulated in Annex H before discharge into a watercourse.

11.1.2 Trade effluent containing Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) exceeding the allowable limits may be discharged into a public sewer with the approval of the relevant authority

11.1.3 Secondary containment facilities should be provided for storage tanks containing oils and chemicals to contain accidental release. The containment facility should be designed based on the volume of the largest storage tank.

The occupier or owner shall take immediate mitigating measures to control and contain any accidental release, leakage or spillage from its premises and shall notify relevant authority immediately. The occupier or owner shall clean up any land, watercourses or other areas contaminated by such release, leakage or spillage. All wastes generated from the clean-up activities shall be treated and disposed of safely.

11.2 Specific requirements

11.2.1 Trade effluent treatment plant

Industries which generate trade effluent that do not meet the allowable limits for discharge into public sewers or watercourses as specified in Annex H should install, operate and maintain a treatment plant to treat the effluent to comply with the allowable limits.

A separate effluent drain line should be provided to collect and convey trade effluent generated into a sampling sump before discharge into a public sewer. A schematic drawing of the sampling sump is given in Annex I.

The trade effluent treatment plant should be designed and provided with spill containment facilities to channel any spill back to the treatment plant.

For a trade effluent treatment plant which includes neutralisation, a pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system should be provided in the last inspection chamber of the premises before discharge into a public sewer. The details of the monitoring and control system shall be approved by the authority. Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory are given in Annex J. A schematic drawing of the monitoring and control system is given in Annex K.

Diluting trade effluent with potable water, rainwater or industrial water to comply with the allowable limits is not allowed.

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11.2.2 Cooling tower

The overflow/drain-off of a cooling tower should be discharged into a public sewer or any other approved means acceptable to the authority.

11.2.3 Boiler

Wastewater from boiler blow down should be cooled to below 45°C before discharge into a public sewer or any other approved means acceptable to the authority.

11.2.4 Chemical/oil bulk storage tanks

A full containment facility, including provision of paved area, geo-synthetic liners or any other approved means of ground protection should be provided for underground or above-ground bulk storage tanks, including skid tanks. The capacity of the containment facility should not be less than the capacity of the largest tank.

For a secondary containment facility that is fully enclosed, a leak detection system with an alarm device should be provided within the facility. A leak test should be conducted before the tank is put into use. The leak test should conform to the guidelines given in Annex L. A contingency plan should be developed and put in place to deal with leaks. The contingency plan should meet the requirements given in Annex M.

For an elevated storage tank, the secondary containment facility should be provided with measures to contain a shooting jet of chemical/oil released through a rupture in the tank.

For a secondary containment facility exposed to the weather, it should be provided with a system to discharge rainwater collected in the facility. The discharge system should be designed and operated to allow only rainwater to be discharged. If the rainwater is contaminated, it has to be treated before discharge into a watercourse.

The connection point for a filling pipe of a bulk storage tank should be provided with measures to contain spillage.

11.2.5 Chemical warehouses/storages

A chemical/oil store is to be provided with facilities to contain any leak and spillage. Such an area should not have any outlet/opening leading to a storm water drain or a public sewer. All leaks and spillage are to be collected for proper treatment or disposal as toxic industrial wastes.

Separate fire compartments are to be provided for the storage of substances that can react dangerously with one another. Substances in the same hazard categories may be stored together as long as the compartment is protected against the most hazardous substance. The guidelines for storage of hazardous substances are given in Annex N.

Companies which store large quantities of hazardous substances, i.e. at any one time in excess of 100 MT in total quantity or 20 MT of IMDG Class 6 (Toxic) hazardous substances in total quantity should provide a retention basin for contaminated fire-fighting water.

The capacity of the retention basin depends on whether a fire compartment is provided with automatic fire extinguishing system such as water sprinklers. A smaller retention basin may be provided if an automatic fire extinguishing system is installed. The recommended volume of the retention basin for contaminated fire-fighting water is given in Annex O.

The floor of the chemical warehouse should be coated with a layer of chemical-resistant material.

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11.2.6 Laboratory

All wastewater from laboratories should be discharged into a public sewer. Wastewater generated from a chemical analysis laboratory should be discharged into a sewer via a balancing tank, also known as a dilution tank. A schematic drawing of the balancing/dilution tank is shown in Annex P.

If there is more than one chemical analysis laboratory, a common balancing tank may be provided to serve the laboratories. The wastewater from the laboratories may also be discharged into a trade effluent treatment plant if one is provided.

11.2.7 Aquacultural farm

Trade effluent generated from land based aquacultural farms needs to be treated to comply with the allowable limits before it is discharged into a public sewer. Where a public sewer is not available, it has to be collected, pre-treated and disposed of at water reclamation plants approved by or treated to comply with the allowable limits for discharge into a watercourse with the prior written approval from the proper authorities.

Sludge, if generated, should be stabilised, dewatered and disposed of as solid waste.

11.2.8 Livestock farm

Livestock should not to be reared in the open. Properly covered sheds should be erected and provided with odour control facilities for the rearing of livestock.

Trade effluent generated ought to be collected and treated to comply with the allowable discharge limits before discharge into a public sewer or watercourse, where a public sewer is not available.

Animal wastes and sludge generated from wastewater treatment should be stabilised, dewatered and disposed of as solid waste.

Poultry wastes may be collected for disposal as solid wastes. The wastes should be stored inside a storage shed with a containment facility provided with odour control measures to mitigate smell nuisance.

11.2.9 Horticultural farm and golf course

Pesticides and fertilisers that are approved by authority should be used. In addition for use of pesticides and fertilisers within water catchments, the approval of relevant authority is required. Pesticides and fertilisers should be applied strictly in accordance with the guidelines of the manufacturers or distributors to prevent pollution of surface water.

12 Air pollution

12.1 Waste wood, timber and other combustible wastes are not to be disposed of by open fire.

12.2 Trade and industrial premises which carry out activities that can generate air impurities are required to install, operate and maintain air pollution control equipment properly and efficiently. The pollution control equipment has to be designed to comply with the allowable emission standards. The emission of air impurities shall comply with the requirements of the EPMA and its Regulations. Exhaust from the pollution control equipment is to be emitted into the atmosphere through a discharge stack approved by the authority to ensure safe dispersion.

12.3 Fuel burning equipment should be efficiently operated and maintained. The fuel burning equipment should use fuel (e.g. natural gas, town gas, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), and/or diesel with sulphur content) approved by the relevant authority. Gaseous fuel is to be used in fuel burning

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equipment installed in premises that are sited within 100 m of any residential/naturally ventilated buildings with live-in facilities such as old aged homes, hostels, etc.

12.4 A chimney of an approved height should be provided for safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment. The design height of the chimney shall be computed based on the mass rate of fuel burnt to determine the sulphur dioxide (SO2) emission from the fuel burning equipment, and take into account the height of buildings in the vicinity. The design chimney height computed from the SO2 emission calculation shall not be lower than 3 m above roof level of all factory buildings in the vicinity (refer to Figure 1 for distance criteria) or 15 m measured from ground level, whichever is higher.

12.5 Monitoring equipment is to be provided at discharge stacks and chimneys to monitor air impurities emitted in order to ensure that the emissions comply with the air emission limits. The monitoring equipment is to be installed in accordance with the technical specifications of the equipment supplier to give accurate readings. For scheduled premises, in-stack continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS) or an alternative monitoring system for emission control approved by the authority shall be provided at discharge stacks and chimneys operating fuel burning equipment to monitor air impurities emitted. The parameters to be monitored (for example smoke, particulate matter, mercury, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, temperature and flue gas flow rate) shall comply with the relevant authority’s requirements. The continuous monitoring system shall be designed to relay the emission data to the relevant authority’s central monitoring system in real time. Sampling ports shall be provided for calibration of CEMS or for manual installation of portable sampling equipment. The ports shall be accessible.

12.6 The design and installation of any flare system for safe disposal of hydrocarbon gases shall be cleared with the relevant authority before it is submitted for approval at the development’s planning stage. Standard operating procedures (SOP) on minimising flaring duration and operational feasibility of shutting down the specific process unit which feeds the flare system should be established. A monitoring device (e.g. CCTV with recording functions) shall be installed as approved by the relevant authority.

12.7 Special waste incinerators for toxic industrial wastes are to be designed and operated to comply with emission standards specified in Annex R.

13 Noise pollution

13.1 General requirements

13.1.1 All practical noise abatement measures should be adopted to comply with the allowable boundary noise levels specified in the Environmental Protection and Management (Boundary Noise Limits for Factory Premises) Regulations. For non-industrial buildings, the Guidelines on Boundary Noise Limits for Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Non-Industrial Buildings could be adopted. Please refer to relevant authority’s website for a copy of the said Guidelines.

13.1.2 Mechanical equipment such as air compressors, chillers, cooling towers, air-conditioners, exhaust fans of mechanical ventilation system, etc should be sited as far away as practical from noise-sensitive developments such as healthcare and educational institutions, aged homes, etc and residential buildings and the facing of the exhaust outlets should be in accordance with SS 553. Mechanical equipment of low sound power should be used wherever possible. Noise abatement measures such as acoustic screen walls, noise barriers, soundproof enclosures, etc could be provided to comply with the allowable boundary noise levels.

13.1.3 For new developments, the developer or Qualified Person is advised to carry out a site survey to assess the existing sources of noise pollution in the vicinity which could pose noise nuisance impact. Noise abatement measures should be factored into the building design in order to mitigate the nuisance impact. Acoustic consultants may be engaged for this purpose.

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Note: • For non-scheduled boilers (≤ 2300 kg/h of steam generated), x ≤ 30 m.• For scheduled boilers (> 2300 kg/h of steam generated), x ≤ 100 m.

Figure 1 – Chimney height for the safe dispersion of flue gases from fuel burning equipment

3m

Proposed Factory

Stack

Tallest Building x m

Minimum 15m

Stack

Proposed Factory

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13.2 Specific requirements

13.2.1 Residential development near expressway

Adequate setback in compliance with the relevant authority’s guideline should be maintained between residential buildings and major arterial roads/expressways to minimise the impact of traffic noise. In addition, non-noise sensitive buildings/structures, such as car parks, driveways, electrical substations, etc, should be sited within the setback in order to minimise the impact of traffic noise on the residents.

13.2.2 Residential development near petrol stations or places of worship

Residential development located near petrol stations or places of worship should either provide adequate separation buffer or incorporate passive abatement measures in order to mitigate any nuisance due to odour, noise, fumes, smoke, etc. The separation buffer could be utilised for non-sensitive structures such as car parks, electrical substations, etc.

13.2.3 Residential/noise sensitive developments near Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) tracks/stations

Residential or noise sensitive development near MRT tracks/stations should provide the minimum building setbacks as set out below.

Table 1 – Building setbacks for residential developments near MRT tracks

Orientation of building Minimum building setback (m)

Fronting track 35

End-wall facing track 25

In addition, the building design shall incorporate noise abatement measures in order to mitigate noise impacts from the MRT operation.

13.2.4 Residential developments near to heavy vehicle park

Residential development located near heavy vehicle park should be provided with a 100m buffer in order to mitigate any nuisance impacts due to noise, fumes, etc.

Section Six – Hazardous substances and toxic industrial wastes control requirements

14 Hazardous substances

14.1 Companies that import, export, sell, store, use or transport hazardous substances should comply with the requirements of the relevant authority. Preventive measures should be taken to minimise accidental release of hazardous substances into the environment and emergency response plans put in place to deal with all credible accident scenarios of release of hazardous substances.

The preventive measures include:

(a) Containers constructed and inspected in accordance with internationally acceptable standards are used for the storage of hazardous substances and affixed with approved labels;

(b) Storage areas are equipped with containment as well as disposal facilities to deal with accidental release of hazardous substances;

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(c) Route and time are specified for the transportation of hazardous substances exceeding specified quantities;

(d) Drivers of road tankers and tankers carrying hazardous substances are required to undergo a special training course on safety requirements and precautions, first aid and fire fighting;

(e) The owner or consignor of any consignment of any hazardous substance should notify the relevant authorities immediately of any accidental release, leakage or spill of hazardous substances during transport; and

(f) The owner or consignor is to ensure immediate mitigating measures are taken to control and contain the release, leakage or spill and clean up of any affected land, drain or watercourses. All wastes generated should be treated and disposed of safely.

14.2 Companies that are licensed to store and use hazardous substances may be required to carry out safety audits to systematically identify and rectify weaknesses in their management systems and practices for handling hazardous substances on a regular basis.

15 Toxic industrial waste

15.1 Industries are to engage licensed toxic industrial waste collectors to collect their toxic industrial wastes for safe treatment and disposal. Alternatively, industries could install in-house treatment facilities to recycle and reuse their toxic industrial waste or treat it for safe disposal.

15.2 Toxic industrial wastes are controlled by the Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations. The collection, treatment and disposal of toxic industrial wastes shall comply with the relevant authority’s requirement.

15.3 Toxic industrial wastes should be stored in standard containers made of material suitable for the relevant chemical(s). A suitable location should be set aside specially for storage of toxic industrial wastes and marked prominently with standard hazard warning signs.

15.4 Toxic industrial wastes should be stored taking into account their properties and compatibility to prevent reactions during storage. Incompatible toxic industrial wastes should not be mixed in the same container. Separate secondary containment facilities should be provided for each incompatible liquid toxic industrial waste.

15.5 Pathogenic wastes from hospitals, healthcare and research institutions, clinics and laboratories should be segregated from chemical wastes and general wastes. Pathogenic wastes should be placed in a secured final storage area prior to collection by a biohazardous waste collector licensed by the authority. No compaction of pathogenic wastes is allowed.

15.6 All toxic industrial wastes are to be collected, treated and disposed of in compliance with the stipulated standards. The operators are required to maintain a proper record of collection, treatment and disposal of toxic industrial wastes. Toxic industrial waste disposal facilities storing toxic industrial wastes exceeding 100 MT for all toxic industrial wastes and/or 20 MT of IMDG Class 6 toxic industrial wastes should provide retention basin(s) for contaminated fire-fighting water.

15.7 Solid residues disposal such as sludge from wastewater treatment facilities and fly ash from waste incinerators may contain toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. Such wastes have to be treated to comply with leachate test standards before disposal at a landfill site approved by the relevant authority.

15.8 More information on hazardous waste management is available in SS CP 100 – Code of Practice for Hazardous Waste Management.

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Section Seven – Control of land pollution and remediation of contaminated sites

When a site that is used for polluting activities is to be redeveloped, rezoned or reused for a non-polluting activity, a study should be conducted on the site to assess extent of land contamination. If the site assessment study shows that the site is contaminated, the site needs to be cleaned up to comply with the authority’s requirements.

16 Polluting activities

A site assessment, in addition to other relevant statutory requirements, is required to be carried out for the list of polluting activities specified in Annex S.

17 Site assessment study and clean-up of contaminated sites

17.1 When a site used for a polluting activity is to be leased, transferred or sold to another party for the same or other polluting activities, a site assessment study should be conducted to allow parties involved to ascertain the extent of contamination, if any.

When a site is to be developed for a polluting activity, it is recommended that a site assessment study be conducted to establish the baseline soil conditions for future assessment of land contamination.

17.2 A report of the site assessment study and clean-up plan should include the following information:

(a) Site location and boundaries; (b) Site ownership; (c) Party responsible for assessment and management, if not owner; (d) Soil consultant’s expertise; (e) Proposed use of site; (f) History of site - activities of previous owners; (g) Site assessment standard/methodology adopted; (h) Site inspection and evidence of possible contamination; (i) Initial testing - sampling protocol, locations, laboratory used; and (j) Results of soil and groundwater analysis (if applicable);

18 Remediation of contaminated sites

The contaminated sites shall be cleaned according to relevant standards (referred to in Annex T) acceptable to the authority.

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Annex A (normative)

List of clean industries

1) Software design and development;

2) Product/prototype design, industrial and engineering design;

3) Fashion designing;

4) Assembly and repair of computer hardware, audio-visual equipment, and othercommunication/electronic equipment, apparatus and parts. Spray-painting, electroplating orgalvanising operations are excluded though minor soldering is allowed;

5) Information Technology (IT) technical support/maintenance centres;

6) Assembly and repair of office, computing and accounting machinery (not involving spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations);

7) Assembly and repair of electrical appliances and housewares without the use of powertools.Spray-painting, electroplating or galvanising operations are excluded though minor solderingis allowed;

8) Assembly and repair of photographic and optical goods (not involving spray-painting,electroplating or galvanising operations);

9) Manufacture and repair of watches and clocks (not involving spray-painting, electroplating orgalvanising operations);

10) Manufacture of paper products without printing and gluing activities, and use of boiler;

11) Manufacture of professional, scientific, measuring and controlling equipment (not involving theuse of chemicals); and

12) International specialist and engineering consultancy services.

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Annex B (normative)

List of light industries

1) Packing of dried foodstuff, blending of food ingredients, bottling of syrups/cordial juice;

2) Research & Development not more than 100kg of non-toxic chemicals in total;

3) Biotechnology that does not generate smell or fume;

4) Manufacture of made-up textile goods (except wearing apparel) without dyeing, bleachingand/or other finishing operations;

5) Knitting mills without dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;

6) Manufacture of carpets and rugs without dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing products;

7) Manufacture of wearing apparel (except footwear) without dyeing and/or bleachingoperations;

8) Manufacture of polyethylene products (not involving printing operation);

9) Manufacture of footwear, except for those made of plastic or vulcanised/moulded rubber;

10) Manufacture of products of leather and leather substitutes, except footwear and wearingapparel;

11) Printing, publishing and allied industries;

12) Mould-making without metal stamping, etching or electroplating;

13) Manufacture of plastic products, not elsewhere classified;

14) Manufacture of containers and boxes of paperboard;

15) Manufacture of paper products, involving printing activities without pulping works or bleachingoperations;

16) Servicing and refilling of fire extinguishers;

17) Science parks, involving small quantities of non-toxic chemicals; and

18) Packing and bottling of medicated oil.

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Annex C (normative)

List of general industries

Food industries

1) Manufacture of food products (factories not having scheduled boilers). Food processingfactories such as food catering and confectioneries which generate wastewater containinghigh concentration of oil and grease should be sited in units which are served by a separatesanitary plumbing system connected to a grease trap.

2) Blending of flavours and fragrances; and

3) Packing and bottling of medicinal herbs.

Non-food industries

Such industries may be located near food industries only if a buffer distance of at least 100 m is provided between boundaries of the buildings of the food industry and the general industry:

1) Manufacture of jewellery and related articles - very small-scale jewellery electroformingoperations could be allowed in flatted factories that are used for light industries;

2) Manufacture of electrical apparatus and supplies, not elsewhere classified;

3) Manufacture of professional, scientific, measuring and controlling equipment, not elsewhereclassified;

4) Manufacture of musical instruments;

5) Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods (excluding woodworking or electroplatingoperations);

6) Manufacture of emergency lighting and power supply systems;

7) Biotechnology that generate smell or fume;

8) Manufacture of made-up textile goods, with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishingoperations;

9) Manufacture of textiles, not elsewhere classified;

10) Knitting mills with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;

11) Manufacture of carpets and rugs with dyeing, bleaching and/or other finishing operations;

12) Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, excluding metal furniture;

13) Manufacture of wooden and cane containers and small cane wares excluding bleaching ofcane;

14) Manufacture of wood and cork products, not elsewhere classified;

15) Cordage, rope and twine industries;

16) Manufacture of metal drums and containers;

17) Manufacture of metallic components using powder metallurgy methods;

18) Manufacture of other metallic products involving metal stamping, wire drawing and springcoiling;

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19) Manufacture of dry cells and batteries, excluding metal electrodes;

20) Cutting, grinding and polishing of marble and ceramic tiles;

21) Manufacturing industries, otherwise classified as clean or light industries, with spray-paintingoperations;

22) Vehicle repair and servicing;

23) Repair and maintenance of engines, motors and mechanical pumps;

24) Industrial laundry services without scheduled boilers;

25) Filling/bottling of inert industrial gases such as nitrogen, helium and argon;

26) Storage of chemicals, detergents, oils, solvents, pesticides and related products;

27) Storage of rubber products and other odorous products;

28) Manufacturing industries, not elsewhere classified;

29) Manufacturing of joss sticks;

30) Warehouses storing general goods and non-hazardous substances/chemicals;

31) Warehousing activities and storage of finished products such as furniture, electric appliances,garments, canned food and beverages etc;

32) Manufacture of cutlery, hand tools and general hardware;

33) Blending of detergents and cleaning preparations, perfumes, hair care products, cosmeticsand other toilet preparations;

34) Manufacture of aluminium window frames and grills from aluminium extrusions without spraypainting operations;

35) Jigs, fixtures and mould making activities;

36) Storing, sorting and recycling of plastic materials, metal scraps, horticultural waste, etc; and

37) Diagnostics laboratories and referral laboratories.

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Annex D (normative)

List of special industries

Food industries 1) Slaughtering of livestock, poultry and the likes;

2) Manufacture of dairy products;

3) Canning and preserving of fruits and vegetables;

4) Canning, preserving and processing of fish, crustaceans and similar food;

5) Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats;

6) Grain mill products;

7) Sugar factories and refineries; and

8) Manufacture of alcoholic products.

Non-food industries1) Manufacture of prepared animal feed;

2) Manufacture of drugs and medicines;

3) Manufacture of paints, varnishes and lacquers;

4) Other manufacturing industries involving the use of large quantities of organic solvents;

5) Assembly of computer hardware, audio-visual equipment, and other communication/electronic equipment, apparatus and parts involving electroplating;

6) Assembly of office, computing and accounting machinery involving electroplating orgalvanizing operations;

7) Assembly of electrical appliances and housewares involving electroplating or galvanisingoperations;

8) Assembly of photographic and optical goods involving electroplating or galvanisingoperations;

9) Manufacture of watches and clocks involving electroplating or galvanising operations;

10) Manufacture of sporting and athletic goods involving woodworking or electroplatingoperations;

11) Other manufacturing industries with electroplating or galvanising operations;

12) Manufacture of furniture and fixtures that are primarily made of metal;

13) Manufacture of rubber or polyurethane foam;

14) Iron and steel basic industries;

15) Manufacture of structural steel products;

16) Non-ferrous metal basic industries;

17) Metal-refining industries, including recovery of precious metals;

18) Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment, not elsewhereclassified;

19) Manufacture of engines and turbines;

20) Manufacture of agricultural machinery and equipment;

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21) Machining of metal and woodworking machinery;

22) Manufacture of special industrial machinery and equipment, except metal and woodworkingmachinery;

23) Manufacture of machinery and equipment, except electrical, not elsewhere classified;

24) Manufacture of electrical industrial machinery and apparatus;

25) Tanneries and leather finishing;

26) Dressing and dyeing industries;

27) Spinning, weaving and finishing of textiles;

28) Manufacture of pulp, paper and paperboard including bleaching operations;

29) Sawmills and planing mills;

30) Other woodworking industries, not elsewhere classified;

31) Manufacture of basic industrial chemicals, except fertilisers;

32) Manufacture of fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides;

33) Manufacture of soaps and cleaning preparations, perfumes, cosmetics and other toiletpreparations (except those without chemical reactions);

34) Petroleum refineries;

35) Manufacture of synthetic resins, plastic materials and man-made fibres and foams, exceptthose made of glass;

36) Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal;

37) Manufacture of chemical products, not elsewhere classified;

38) Processing of waste oils and waste chemicals;

39) Processing of food wastes, including composting plant;

40) Bulk storage of hazardous substances;

41) Tyre and tube industries;

42) Manufacture of rubber products, not elsewhere classified;

43) Manufacture of pottery, china and earthen ware;

44) Manufacture of glass and glass products;

45) Manufacture of structural clay products;

46) Manufacture of cement, lime and plaster;

47) Manufacture of non-metallic mineral products, not elsewhere classified;

48) Industries using radioactive materials;

49) Shipbuilding and repairing;

50) Manufacture of railroad equipment;

51) Manufacture of motor vehicles;

52) Manufacture of motorcycles and bicycles;

53) Manufacture of aircrafts;

54) Manufacture of transport equipment, not elsewhere classified;

55) Any other industrial premises classified as scheduled premises; and

56) Chemical warehouses handling hazardous substances.

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Annex E (normative)

List of scheduled premises

NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) for the current list of scheduled premises.

Premises

1) Cement works, being works for the manufacture or packing of portland cement, similarcement or pozzolanic materials;

2) Concrete works, being works for the manufacture of concrete, with each batch capacitygreater than 0.5 cubic metre;

3) Asphalt works, being works for the manufacture of asphalt or tarmacadam;

4) Ceramic works, being works in which any products such as bricks, tiles, pipes, pottery goods,refractories or glass are manufactured in furnaces or kilns fired by any fuel;

5) Chemical works, being works in which acids, alkali, chemical fertiliser, soap, detergent,sodium silicates, lime or other calcium compounds, chlorine, chemicals or chemical productsare manufactured;

6) Coke or charcoal works, being works in which coke or charcoal is produced and quenched,cut, crushed or graded;

7) Ferrous and non-ferrous metal works, being works in which metal melting process for castingand/or metal coating are carried out;

8) Gas works, being works in which coal, coke, oil or other mixtures or derivatives are handledor prepared for carbonisation or gasification and in which such materials are subsequentlycarbonised or gasified;

9) Crushing, grinding and milling works, being works in which rock, ores, minerals, chemicals ornatural grain products are processed by crushing, grinding, milling or separating into differentsizes by sieving, air elutriation or in any other manner;

10) Petroleum works, being works in which crude or shale oil or crude petroleum or other mineraloils are refined or reconditioned;

11) Scrap metal recovery works, being works in which scrap metals are treated in any type offurnace for recovery of metal irrespective of whether or not this is the primary object of anyspecific premises;

12) Primary metallurgical works, being works in which ores are smelted or converted to metal ofany kind;

13) Pulping works, being works in which wood or cellulose material is made into pulp; and

14) Abrasive blasting works, being works in which equipment or structures are cleaned byabrasive blasting.

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Premises with boilers

On which is erected any boiler of steam generating capacity of at least 2,300 kg/h, incinerator or furnace burning 500 kg or more of solid combustible material per hour or 220 kg or more of liquid material per hour.

Premises used for the storage of chemicals

Being used or intended to be used for storing —

1) More than 100 tons of one or more of the following substances: chemicals, chemical products,hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon products which are toxic or which produce toxic gases onburning or on contact with water or air; or

2) More than 1,000 tons of one or more of the following substances: chemicals, chemicalproducts, hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon products with a flashpoint lower than 55°C.

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Annex F (normative)

List of hazardous substances as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act

NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection Management Act (EPMA) for the current list of hazardous substances

F.1 Hazardous substances

Hazardous substances Substance Exclusion

1,2-dibromoethane (EDB)

Acetic acid Substances containing not more than 80%, weight in weight, of acetic acid;

Preparations and solutions for photographic use. Acetyl bromide

Allyl isothiocyanate

Alkali metal bifluorides; Ammonium bifluoride; Potassium fluoride; Sodium fluoride; Potassium silicofluoride; Sodium silicofluoride; Silicofluoric acid

Preparations containing not more than 0.3%, weight in weight, of potassium fluoride in radiator protectors;

Preparations containing not more than 0.96%, weight in weight, of potassium fluoride in photographic chemicals;

Substances containing not more than 3%, weight in weight, of sodium fluoride or sodium silicofluoride as a preservative;

Substances containing sodium fluoride intended for the treatment of human ailments.

Ammonia Preparations and solutions of ammonia containing not more than 10%, weight in weight, of ammonia;

Refrigeration equipment;

Photographic and plan developers;

Hair colour dyes;

Perm lotions;

Smelling bottles. Ammonium chlorate Anionic surface active agents Preparations containing less than 5% by weight of anionic surface

active agents;

Preparations containing anionic surface active agents which are not less than 90% biodegradable under a test carried out in accordance with that part of the OECD method which is referred to as Confirmatory Test Procedure in European Communities Council Directive No. 73/405/EEC (C) or other equivalent test methods acceptable to the Director.

Antimony pentachloride Polishes Antimony trihydride

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Arsenical substances, the following:

Arsenic acid Arsenic sulphide Arsenic trichloride Arsine Calcium arsenite Copper arsenate Copper arsenite Lead arsenate Organic compounds of arsenic Oxides of arsenic Potassium arsenite Sodium arsenate Sodium arsenite Sodium thioarsenate

Pyrites ores or sulphuric acid containing arsenical poisons as natural impurities; Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.005%, weight in weight, of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-arsonic acid and not containing any other arsenical poison; Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.01%, weight in weight, of arsanilic acid and not containing any other arsenical poison;

Animal feeding stuffs containing not more than 0.0375%, weight in weight, of carbarsone and not containing any other arsenical poison.

Asbestos in the form of crocidolite, actinolite, anthophyllite, amosite, tremolite, chrysotile and amphiboles and products containing these forms of asbestos

Asbestos in the form of chrysotile in any vehicle brake or clutch lining installed in any vehicle registered before 1st April 1995.

Boric acid; Sodium borate Boric acid or sodium borate in medicinal preparations, cosmetics, toilet preparations and substances being preparations intended for human consumption;

Preparations containing boric acid or sodium borate or a combination of both where water or solvent is not the only other part of the composition.

Boron tribromide Boron trichloride Boron trifluoride Bromine; Bromine solutions Cadmium-containing silver brazing alloy Captafol Carbamates Benomyl;

Carbendazim; Chlorpropham; Propham; Thiophanate-methyl;

Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of propoxur and not containing any other carbamate;

Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of methomyl and not containing any other carbamate.

Carbon monoxide Gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide weighing less than 1 metric tonne;

Gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide as by-products from combustion activities.

Carbon tetrafluoride Chlorinated hydrocarbons, the following:

Aldrin Benzene hexachloride (BHC) Bromocyclen Camphechlor Chlorbenside

Paper impregnated with not more than 0.3%, weight in weight, of benzene hexachloride or gamma - BHC provided it is labelled with directions that no food, wrapped or unwrapped, or food utensils are to be placed on the treated paper, and that it is not to be used where food is prepared or served.

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Chlorbicyclen Chlordane Chlordecone Chlordimeform Chlorfenethol Chlorfenson Chlorfensulphide Chlorobenzilate Chloropropylate Dicophane (DDT) pp'-DDT Dicofol Dieldrin Endosulfan Endrin Fenazaflor Fenson Fluorbenzide Gamma benzene hexachloride (Gamma - BHC), also known as lindane HCH (mixed isomers) HEOD [1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a- octahydro-1, 4 (exo): 5,8 (endo)-dimethano naphthalene]

HHDN [1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-1,4 (exo):5,8 (endo)-dimethano naphthalene]

Heptachlor Hexachloroethane Isobenzan Isodrin Kelevan Methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-di-(p-methoxyphenyl) ethane] Mirex

Tetrachlordiphenylethane [TDE; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane]

Tetradifon Tetrasul Toxaphene

Allied chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds used as pesticides (insecticides, acaricides, etc.) Chlorine Chlorine used for chlorination of water in swimming pools Chlorine trifluoride Chlorobenzenes, the following:

Monochlorobenzene Meta-dichlorobenzene Ortho-dichlorobenzene Trichlorobenzene Tetrachlorobenzene Pentachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene

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Chlorophenols, the following:

Monochlorophenol Dichlorophenol Trichlorophenol Tetrachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters

Substances containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of chlorophenols.

Chlorophenoxyacids; their salts, esters, amines, which include but are not limited to -

2,4,5-T and its salts and esters Chloropicrin Chlorosilanes, the following:

Hexachlorodisilane Phenyltrichlorosilane Tetrachlorosilane Chlorosulphonic acid Chromic acid Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of

chromic acid;

Photographic solutions containing chromic acid in individual containers containing not more than 15 kilograms each of such solutions and of aggregate weight of not more than 500 kilograms of such solutions.

Cyanides Ferrocyanides; Ferricyanides; Acetonitrile; Acrylonitrile; Butyronitrile; 2-Dimethylaminoacetonitrile; Isobutyronitrile; Methacrylonitrile; Propionitrile.

Diborane Dibromochloropropane Diethyl sulphate Dinitro-ortho-cresol (DNOC)and its salts (such as ammonium salt, potassium salt and sodium salt) Dinosam; its compounds with a metal or a base Dinoseb and its salts and esters, which includes but is not limited to -

Binapacryl Diquat; its salts Drazoxolon; its salts Dressings on seeds. Dustable powder formulations containing a combination of –

Benomyl at or above 7 percent, carbofuran at above 10 percent, thiram at or above 15 percent.

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Endothal; its salts Epichlorohydrin Ethyl mercaptan Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of ethyl

mercaptan Ethylene dichloride Ethylene imine Ethylene oxide Mixtures of inert gases and ethylene oxide comprising not more

than 12%, weight in weight, of ethylene oxide contained in cylinders of water capacity less than 47 litres and for aggregate of not more than 3 numbers of such cylinders.

Ferric chloride Fipronil Formulated products containing Fipronil approved for household

use and belonging to the WHO class IV hazards. Fluorine Fluoroacetamide Formaldehyde Substances containing not more than 5%, weight in weight, of

formaldehyde;

Photographic glazing or hardening solutions. Formic acid Substances containing not more than 5%, weight in weight, of

formic acid. Germane Hydrazine anhydrous; Hydrazine aqueous solutions Hydrochloric acid Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of

hydrochloric acid. Hydrofluoric acid Preparations or solutions containing not more than 2%, weight in

weight, of hydrofluoric acid. Hydrogen chloride Hydrogen cyanide; Hydrocyanic acid Preparations of wild cherry;

In reagent kits supplied for medical or veterinary purposes, substances containing less than the equivalent of 0.1%, weight in weight, of hydrocyanic acid.

Hydrogen fluoride Hydrogen selenide Isocyanates Polyisocyanates containing less than 0.7%, weight in weight, of

free monomeric diisocyanates;

Pre-polymerised isocyanates in polyurethane paints and lacquers;

Hardeners and bonding agents for immediate use in adhesives. Lead compounds in paint Lead compounds in paint in which the lead content is not more

than 0.06% by weight of the paint;

Lead compounds in paint in which the container is affixed with an appropriate label.

The labels to be used for paints containing lead compounds are in accordance with Part IV of the Second Schedule.

Lead tetra-ethyl and similar lead containing compounds in petrol intended for use in Singapore as fuel for motor vehicles Mercury compounds including inorganic mercury compounds, alkyl mercury compounds, alkyloxyalkyl and

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aryl mercury compounds, and other organic compounds of mercury Mercury and its compounds in batteries Batteries other than mercury oxide batteries, zinc carbon batteries

containing more than 0.001% by weight of mercury per cell and alkaline batteries, except those in button form, containing more than 0.025% by weight of mercury per cell.

Mercury in fluorescent lamps (primarily for lighting purposes)

Compact fluorescent lamps containing mercury not exceeding 5 mg; Linear or circular fluorescent lamps containing mercury not exceeding 10 mg.

Metanil yellow (sodium salt of metanilylazo-diphenylamine)

Dye-indicators used in laboratories.

Methyl chloride Methyl mercaptan Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of methyl

mercaptan. Monomethyltetrachloro diphenyl methane Monomethyl-dichloro-diphenyl methane Monomethyl-dibromodiphenyl methane Neonicotinoid compounds used as pesticides, the following :

Imidacloprid Formulated products containing Imidacloprid approved for household use and belonging to the WHO class IV hazards.

Niclofolan Nicotine sulphate Nitric acid Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of

nitric acid. Nitric oxide Nitrobenzene Substances containing less than 0.1%, weight in weight, of

nitrobenzene;

Soaps containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of nitrobenzene;

Polishes and cleansing agents. Nitrogen trifluoride

Ozone depleting substances, namely:

(a) Chlorofluorocarbons, the following:

Chloroheptafluoropropane Chloropentafluoroethane Chlorotrifluoromethane Dichlorodifluoromethane Dichlorohexafluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoroethane Heptachlorofluoropropane Hexachlorodifluoropropane Pentachlorofluoroethane Pentachlorotrifluoropropane Tetrachlorodifluoroethane Tetrachlorotetrafluoropropane Trichlorofluoromethane Trichloropentafluoropropane Trichlorotrifluoroethane

Products containing any ozone depleting substance other than the following products:

(a) in the case of chlorofluorocarbons

(i) air-conditioners in vehicles registered on or after 1st January 1995 or intended for such vehicles;

(ii) equipment for domestic or commercial refrigeration or air conditioning installed on or after 1st January 1993, or heat pump equipment, which contains any chlorofluorocarbon substance as a refrigerant or in any insulating material of such equipment;

(iii) refrigerators that have a compressor rating which exceeds one horsepower;

(iv) non-pharmaceutical aerosol products;

(v) insulation boards, panels or pipe covers;

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(b) Halons, the following:

Bromochlorodifluoromethane Bromochloromethane Bromotrifluoromethane Dibromotetrafluoroethane

(c) Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, the following:

1,1-dichloro-1-fluoro-ethane 1,1-dichloro-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropane 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane 1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-ethane Chlorodifluoroethane Chlorodifluoromethane Chlorodifluoropropane Chlorofluoroethane Chlorofluoromethane Chlorofluoropropane Chlorohexafluoropropane Chloropentafluoropropane Chlorotetrafluoroethane Chlorotetrafluoropropane Chlorotrifluoroethane Chlorotrifluoropropane Dichlorodifluoroethane Dichlorodifluoropropane Dichlorofluoroethane Dichlorofluoromethane Dichlorofluoropropane Dichloropentafluoropropane Dichlorotetrafluoropropane Dichlorotrifluoroethane Dichlorotrifluoropropane Hexachlorofluoropropane Pentachlorodifluoropropane Pentachlorofluoropropane Tetrachlorodifluoropropane Tetrachlorofluoroethane Tetrachlorofluoropropane Tetrachlorotrifluoropropane Trichlorodifluoroethane Trichlorodifluoropropane Trichlorofluoroethane Trichlorofluoropropane Trichlorotetrafluoropropane Trichlorotrifluoropropane

(d) Hydrobromofluorocarbons, the following:

Bromodifluoroethane Bromodifluoromethane Bromodifluoropropane Bromofluoroethane Bromofluoromethane Bromofluoropropane Bromohexafluoropropane

(vi) polystyrene sheets or finished products;

(b) in the case of Halons, portable fire extinguishers; and

(c) in the case of bromotrifluoromethane, fire protection systems with building plans approved after 17th June 1991 and installed after 31st December 1991.

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Bromopentafluoropropane Bromotetrafluoroethane Bromotetrafluoropropane Bromotrifluoroethane Bromotrifluoropropane Dibromodifluoroethane Dibromodifluoropropane Dibromofluoroethane Dibromofluoromethane Dibromofluoropropane Dibromopentafluoropropane Dibromotetrafluoropropane Dibromotrifluoroethane Dibromotrifluoropropane Hexabromofluoropropane Pentabromodifluoropropane Pentabromofluoropropane Tetrabromodifluoropropane Tetrabromofluoroethane Tetrabromofluoropropane Tetrabromotrifluoropropane Tribromodifluoroethane Tribromodifluoropropane Tribromofluoroethane Tribromofluoropropane Tribromotetrafluoropropane Tribromotrifluoropropane

(e) Carbon tetrachloride

(f) 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)

(g) Methyl bromide Oleum Orange II [sodium salt of p-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthylazo) benzenesulphonic acid]

Dye-indicators used in laboratories

Organic peroxides Car puttys;

Substances and preparations containing not more than 3%, weight in weight, of organic peroxides;

Solutions of not more than 60%, weight in weight, of methyl ethyl ketone peroxides and total aggregate weight of less than 50 kilograms of such solutions.

Organo-tin compounds, the following: Compounds of fentin

Cyhexatin

Tributyl tin compounds Paraquat; its salts Preparation in pellet form containing not more than 5%, weight in

weight, of salts of paraquat ion. Perchloromethyl mercaptan Substances containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of

perchloromethyl mercaptan

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)

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Phenols, the following: Catechol

Cresol

Hydroquinone

Octyl phenol

Phenol

Resorcinol

Preparations containing less than 1%, weight in weight, of phenols;

Phenols which are intended for the treatment of human ailments and other medical purposes;

Soaps for washing;

Tar (coal or wood), crude or refined;

Photographic solutions containing hydroquinone in individual containers containing not more than 15 kilograms each of such solutions and of aggregate weight of not more than 500 kilograms of such solutions.

Phosgene Phosphides Phosphine Phosphoric acid Substances containing not more than 50%, weight in weight, of

phosphoric acid. Phosphorus compounds used as pesticides (insecticides, acaricides, etc.), which includes but is not limited to :

Methamidophos Methyl-parathion Monocrotophos Parathion Phosphamidon

Acephate; Bromophos; Iodofenphos; Malathion; Pirimiphos-methyl; Temephos; Tetrachlorvinphos; Trichlorfon;

Preparations containing not more than 0.5%, weight in weight, of chlorpyrifos and not containing any other phosphorus compound;

Preparations containing not more than 0.5%, weight in weight, of dichlorvos and not containing any other phosphorus compound;

Materials impregnated with dichlorvos and not containing any other phosphorus compound for slow release;

Preparations containing not more than 1%, weight in weight, of azamethiphos and not containing any other phosphorus compound.

Phosphorus oxybromide Phosphorus oxychloride Phosphorus pentabromide Phosphorus pentachloride Phosphorus pentafluoride Phosphorus trichloride Polybrominated biphenyls Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), the following :

Penta-brominated diphenyl ether

Octa-brominated diphenyl ether

Deca-brominated diphenyl ether Polychlorinated biphenyls Polychlorinated terphenyls

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Potassium hydroxide Substances containing not more than 17%, weight in weight, of potassium hydroxide;

Accumulators;

Batteries. Prochloraz Pyrethroid compounds used as pesticides, the following :

Fenvalerate Formulated products containing Fenvalerate approved for household use and belonging to the WHO Class IV hazards.

Sodium azide Air bag devices in motor vehicles. Sodium hydroxide Substances containing not more than 17%, weight in weight, of

sodium hydroxide;

Made-up formulated preparations either liquid or solid for biochemical tests.

Sulphur in diesel intended for use in Singapore as fuel for motor vehicles or industrial plants

Sulphur in diesel in which the sulphur content is 0.005% or less by weight.

Sulphur tetrafluoride Sulphur trioxide Sulphuric acid Substances containing not more than 9%, weight in weight, of

sulphuric acid;

Accumulators; Batteries;

Fire extinguishers;

Photographic developers containing not more than 20%, weight in weight, of sulphuric acid.

Sulphuryl chloride Sulphuryl fluoride Tetraethyl lead, tetramethyl lead and similar lead containing compounds Thallium; its salts Titanium tetrachloride Tris (2, 3-dibromo-l-propyl) phosphate Tungsten hexafluoride

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F.2 General exemptions (from the list of hazardous substances under F.1) Adhesives;

Anti-fouling compositions;

Anti-fouling compositions other than those containing tributyl tin compounds as defined in this List;

Builders' materials other than those containing asbestos as defined in this List;

Ceramics;

Distempers;

Electrical valves;

Enamels;

Explosives;

Fillers;

Fireworks;

Glazes;

Glue;

Inks;

Lacquer solvents;

Loading materials;

Matches;

Motor fuels and lubricants except diesel oil and petrol;

Paints other than paints containing mercury compounds, paints containing lead compounds and paints containing asbestos as defined in this List;

Pharmaceutical aerosols

Photographic paper;

Pigments other than those containing tributyl tin compounds as defined in this List;

Plastics;

Propellants other than those containing ozone depleting substances;

Rubber;

Varnishes;

Vascular plants and their seeds.

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Annex G (normative)

List of toxic industrial wastes NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Wastes) Regulations for the current list of toxic industrial wastes

List of toxic industrial wastes

Acids 1. Spent inorganic acids

Eg. hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrofluoric acid, boric acid and pickling acid

2. Spent organic acids Eg. acetic acid, formic acid, benzoic acid and sulphonic acid

Alkalis 1. Spent alkaline solutions2. Spent ammoniacal solutions3. Metal hydroxide sludges and oxide sludges

Antimony and its compounds 1. Spent antimony potassium tartrate

Arsenic and its compounds 1. Timber preservative residues containing arsenic2. Wastes containing gallium arsenide

Asbestos 1. Asbestos wastes from asbestos/cement manufacturing processes2. Empty sacks/bags which have contained loose asbestos fibre3. Asbestos wastes generated from industrial activity, demolition, renovation and delagging works and ship

repairing

Cadmium and its compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing cadmium2. Wastes containing cadmium from Ni/Cd battery manufacturing

Chromium compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing chromium2. Timber preservative residues containing chromium3. Spent and aqueous solutions containing chromium compounds4. Tannery effluents and residues containing chromium

Copper compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing copper2. Spent etching solutions containing copper from printed circuit board manufacturing3. Timber preservative residues containing copper

Cyanides 1. Plating effluents and residues containing cyanides2. Heat treatment residues containing cyanides3. Spent quenching oils containing cyanides4. Spent processing solutions containing cyanides from photographic processing

Fluoride compound 1. Timber preservative residues containing fluorides2. Spent ammonium bi-fluoride

Isocyanates 1. Spent di-isocyanates

Eg. toluene di-isocyanate (TDI) and methylene di-isocyanate (MDI) from polyurethane foam-making process

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Laboratory wastes 1. Obsolete laboratory chemicals2. Toxic chemical wastes from chemical analysis

Lead compounds 1. Ash, residues and sludges containing lead and lead compounds2. Spent organo-lead compounds

Eg. tetraethyllead (TEL) and tetramethyllead (TML)3. Waste lead-acid batteries, whole or crushed

Mercury and its compounds 1. Effluents, residues or sludges containing mercury from chlor-alkali industry2. Wastes containing mercury from equipment manufacturing involving the use of metal mercury3. Spent catalysts from chemical processes containing mercury4. Spent organo-mercury compounds

Metal catalysts 1. Spent metal catalysts from chemical processes and petroleum refining

Eg. catalysts containing chromium and cobaltNickel compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing nickel

Organic compounds containing halogen 1. Spent halogenated organic solvents

e.g. trichloroethylene, 111-trichloroethane, perchloro-ethylene, methylene chloride, tetra-chloromethaneand 112-trichloro-122-trifluoroethane

2. Residues from recovery of halogenated organic solvents3. Packaging materials or residues containing chlorobenzenes and/or chlorophenols and their salts

Organic Compounds not containing halogen 1. Spent non-halogenated organic solvents

e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, turpentine, petroleum, thinner, kerosene, methanol, ethanol, isobutanol, iso-propanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, isopropyl ether, diethyl ether, hexane, dimethylsulphide and dimethyl sulphoxide

2. Residues from recovery of non-halogenated organic solvents

Organotin compounds 1. Sludges, residues, effluents and spent blasting grit generated from removal of paints containing organotin

compounds

Other wastes 1. Obsolete/abandoned chemicals and pesticides from storage, manufacturing and trading activities2. Used containers, bags and process equipment contaminated by chemicals and pesticides from storage,

manufacturing and trading activities3. Wastes/residues containing unreacted monomers, eg. vinyl chloride and styrene monomers, from polymer

manufacturing processes4. Tar residues from distilling and tarry materials from refining5. Wastes from toxic waste treatment processes Eg. wastes and residues from solidification, fixation and

incineration processes6. Wastes from toxic chemical drums and tank cleaning activities7. Chemical and oil slops from ship tankers8. Wastes from the production, formulation and use of resins, latex, plasticisers, glues/adhesives containing

solvents and other contaminants9. Wastes from the production, formulation and use of inks, dyes, pigments, paints, lacquers, varnish

containing organic solvents, heavy metals or biocides10. Solid wastes and sludges or obsolete/off specification materials not categorised elsewhere in the Schedule

and failing the relevant authority’s landfill disposal criteria

Pathogenic wastes 1. Pathogenic wastes from hospitals2. Pathogenic wastes from healthcare and research institutions, clinics and laboratories

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Pharmaceutical wastes 1. Pharmaceutical wastes comprising antineoplastic agents, antibiotics, vaccines and other immunological

products, controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act (Cap. 185) and pharmaceutical wastescontaining arsenics, cyanides and heavy metals and their salts

Phenolic compounds 1. Sludges/residues from paint stripping using chemicals containing phenols2. Residues containing unreacted phenol and formaldehyde from adhesive industry

Polychlorinated bi-phenyl (PCB) including poly-chlorinated ter-phenyl (PCT) 1. Spent transformer oil containing PCB and/or PCT2. Retrofilled transformer contaminated with PCB and/or PCT3. Electrical equipment and parts containing or contaminated with PCB and/or PCT

Eg. Capacitors and transformers4. Containers and all waste materials contaminated with PCB and/or PCT

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1. All waste materials containing PVC

Eg. PVC insulated wires, PVC pipes and trunking, PVC parts, PVC upholstery and PVC resins

Silver compounds 1. Spent processing solutions containing silver from photographic processing

Used, contaminated oil 1. Used mineral, lubricating and hydraulic oil from machine cylinders, turbines, switch gears and transformers2. Spent motor oils from petrol and diesel engines3. Spent quenching oil from metal hardening4. Oil recovered from solvent degreasers5. Spent oil water emulsions

Eg. Spent coolants from metal working industries6. Oil water mixtures (mainly oil)

Eg. Oily ballast water from ship tankers7. Oil and sludge from oil interceptors8. Tankers sludges and oil sludges/residues from storage tanks9. Oil sludges containing acid from recovery and recycling of used oil

Zinc compounds 1. Plating effluents and residues containing zinc

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Annex H (normative)

Allowable limits for trade effluent discharged into a public sewer/watercourse/controlled watercourse as

specified in the EPMA, SDA and their Regulations

NOTE – Refer to the respective Regulations for the current allowable limits.

Items of analysis Public sewer Watercourse Controlled watercourse

(Units in milligram per litre or otherwise stated)

1 Temperature of discharge

Please refer to Bibliography for further information.

45°C 45°C

2 Colour 7 Lovibond Units 7 Lovibond Units

3 pH Value 6 – 9 6 - 9

4 BOD (5 days at 20°C) 50 20

5 COD 100 60

6 Total suspended solids

50 30

7 Total dissolved solids - 1000

8 Chloride (as chloride ion)

- 250

9 Sulphate (as SO4)

- 200

10 Sulphide (as sulphur)

0.2 0.2

11 Cyanide (as CN)

0.1 0.1

12 Detergents (linear alkylate sulphonate as methylene blue active substances)

15 5

13 Grease and oil 10 (Total) 10

(Hydrocarbons)

1 (Total)

14 Arsenic 0.1 0.01

15 Barium 2 1

16 Tin - 5

17 Iron (as Fe) 10 1

18 Beryllium - 0.5

19 Boron 5 0.5

20 Manganese 5 0.5

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Items of analysis Public sewer Watercourse Controlled watercourse

(Units in milligram per litre or otherwise stated)

21 Phenolic compounds (expressed as phenol)

0.2 Nil

22 *Cadmium 0.1 0.003

23 *Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent)

1 0.05

24 *Copper 0.1 0.1

25 *Lead 0.1 0.1

26 *Mercury 0.05 0.001

27 *Nickel 1 0.1

28 *Selenium 0.5 0.01

29 *Silver 0.1 0.1

30 *Zinc 1 0.5

31 *Metals in total 1 0.5

32 Chlorine (Free) 1 1

33 Phosphate (as PO4) 5 2

34 Calcium (as Ca) - 150

35 Magnesium (as Mg) - 150

36 Nitrate (as NO3) - 20

NOTE – * Where 2 or more of the metals listed in the table are present in the trade effluent, the total concentration of the metals shall not exceed 1 and 0.5 milligrams per litre for discharge into a watercourse and a controlled watercourse respectively.

The trade effluent discharged into any watercourse shall not contain any of the following substances:

(1) radioactive material; (2) any pesticide, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, rodenticide or fumigant; (3) refuse, garbage, sawdust, timber, human or animal waste or solid matter; (4) petroleum or other inflammable solvent; or . (5) a substance that either by itself or in combination or by reaction with other waste or refuse

may give rise to any gas, fume, or odour or substance which is or is likely to be a hazard to human life, a public nuisance, injurious or otherwise objectionable.

The trade effluent shall be analysed in accordance with the latest edition of 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published jointly by the American Water Works Association and the Water Pollution Control Federation of the United States.

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Annex I (informative)

Example of trade effluent sampling sump design

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Annex J (informative)

Guidelines on continuous on-line pH monitoring and effluent discharge control at last inspection chamber of factory

1) Continuous pH monitoring and effluent discharge control shall be carried out at the lastinspection chamber before the discharge enters a public sewer.

2) A concrete hump of not more than 50 mm (vertical height) shall be constructed across theflow channel of the last inspection chamber to maintain effluent in the channel when there isno effluent discharge.

3) A chemical resistant pH probe (range of 0-14) shall be installed in the channel upstream ofthe hump. The pH probe shall detect/monitor the pH value of the discharge. The probe shallbe positioned firmly such that the tip of the probe is constantly in contact with the liquid in thechannel. It shall also be easily lifted out of the chamber and repositioned back without theneed to go down the chamber. An auto flushing system using water or compressed air shallbe provided to prevent any fouling or clogging of the sensor of the pH probe.

4) The cable of the pH probe shall be laid in a heavy duty PVC conduit. The mountings for thepH probe inside the last inspection chamber shall be of corrosion resistant materials.

5) A pH recorder chart (range of 0-14) shall be provided to record the pH value detected as wellas to record the 'open' and 'close' position of the penstock. The pH value shall be recorded ona chart which can be continuously operated for a month.

6) A penstock with an electrically operated actuator shall be installed at the inlet to the lastinspection chamber. If a pneumatic actuator is used, the air/gas supply shall be tapped from acylinder. The actuator shall be linked to a pH controller and the record chart. A limit switch toindicate the 'open' or 'close' position of the penstock shall be incorporated. The switch shall belinked directly to the recorder chart. The setting of the actuator shall be such that the penstockremains open as long as the pH value varies within the allowable limit of 6 to 9. Exceeding thelimit, the pH controller shall activate the actuator to close the penstock.

7) The pH meter, recorder with alarm and penstock actuator shall be operated either on AC orDC supply. However, the system should incorporate a power backup such that during powerfailure/interruption, the backup shall continue to operate the pH meter and recorder for aperiod of five hours and the actuator, if necessary. During normal operation, power shall besupplied from the AC main to operate the monitoring instrument and charge the power packsimultaneously.

8) An instrument panel (weather-proof) shall be provided to house:

a) pH meter cum controller (range of 0 - 14);

b) pH chart recorder (range of 0 - 14);

c) Alarm - audible type;

d) Power pack (rechargeable batteries);

e) AC/DC converter;

f) Air/gas cylinder, if any; and

g) Resetting switch/button for the actuation of the penstock

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9) The door of the instrument panel shall be provided with a glass or plastic window for viewingthe pH recorder chart.

10) Wherever appropriate, the instrument panel shall be located near or within the guard house.

11) Means to seal the instrument panel and the last inspection chamber cover shall be provided.

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Annex K (informative)

Example of pH monitoring cum effluent discharge control system

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Annex L (normative)

Guidelines for leak test A leak test should be conducted before an underground tank is put into use. The leak test should conform to the following guidelines:

• The leak test method should be able to measure a leak rate of at least 0.19 litre per hour, andbe capable of testing the entire tank system, including piping.

• If the tank has a loss rate in excess of 0.19 litre per hour, the tank shall be considered to beleaking.

• The leak tests should be carried out in accordance with an established leak test method andcertified by professional engineers.

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Annex M (normative)

Guidelines for contingency plan A contingency plan to deal with leaks from underground tanks should be approved by the relevant authority. The contingency plan should include the following:

• To appoint a competent party or person to deal with leaks from underground tanks;

• To set up guidelines to activate the contingency plan i.e. who, when and how to contactemergency coordinator, confirmation of leak, etc;

• To inform the relevant authorities as soon as a leak is detected, especially if thechemical/product is flammable or combustible;

• To remove chemical/product from the tank to a temporary storage by the competent party orperson;

• To remove the tank for inspection;

• To remove the contaminated soil for proper disposal;

• To carry out soil testing to ensure that all the pollutants have been removed; and

• To repair or replace the tank and re-construct the secondary containment chamber ifnecessary.

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Annex N (normative)

Guidelines for storage of hazardous substances

Fe Ex Fh Gh Fa Tx Ra Gp Ox Xn

Fe + - - - - O - - - O

Ex - + - - - - - - - -

Fh - - + O - O - - - O

Gh - - O + - O - - - O

Fa - - - - + - - - - O

Tx O - O O - + - O O O

Ra - - - - - - + - - -

Gp - - - - - O - + O O

Ox - - - - - O - O + O

Xn O - O O O O - O O +

- Joint storage not allowed. O Joint storage allowed under observation of specific precautions. + Joint storage allowed

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Classification of substances

Fire Hazard Categories

Abbreviation Hazard Class Description

Fe Class 4 Combustible substances

Fa Class 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion

Fh Class 4.3 Substances which give off combustible gases on contact with water

Gp Class 2 Combustible and non-combustible gases under pressure incl. aerosol cans

Ox Class 5 Substances acting as oxidising agents or sources of oxygen

Ex Class 1 Explosive substances

Personal Hazard Categories

Tx Class 6 Substances which can cause death or serious damage to health

Gh Class 6 Substances which give off poisonous or foul smelling gases on contact with water

Xn Class 8 Substances which are a health hazard (including irritating and corrosive substances)

Ra Class 7 Radioactive substances

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Annex O (normative)

Retention basin for spent fire-fighting water for warehouse storing hazardous substances

Floor area (m2)

Average fire-fighting water used (l/m2 min)

Retention of spent fire-fighting water

(m3/m2)

Total volume of retention required

(m3)

0 WO WS With WS

3.3 3.3

0.1 0.1

5 5

100 WO WS With WS

6.6 6.6

0.2 0.2

20 20

150 WO WS With WS

8.8 8.8

0.4 0.4

60 60

200 WO WS With WS

10.0 10.0

0.6 0.6

120 120

300 WO WS With WS

7.7 6.6

0.7 0.4

210 120

400 WO WS With WS

6.6 5.0

0.8 0.3

320 120

500 WO WS With WS

6.0 4.0

0.9 0.25

450 120

600 WO WS With WS

5.8 3.3

1.0 0.2

600 120

800 WO WS With WS

5.6 2.5

1.2 0.15

960 120

1000 WO WS With WS

5.4 2.0

1.4 0.12

1400 120

1200 WO WS With WS

5.2 1.7

1.5 0.1

1800 120

1600 WO WS With WS

5.0 1.3

1.5 0.075

2400 120

>1600 WO WS With WS

5.0 1.3

1.5 0.075

To be calculated 120

WO WS = Without Water Sprinklers.

With WS = With Water Sprinklers.

NOTE 1 – The retention volume does not include materials leaked out from containers and rainwater. NOTE 2 – The fire compartment shall comply with the fire resistance rating requirements stipulated in the latest

SCDF’s Fire Code.

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Annex P (informative)

Example of dilution tank design

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Annex Q (normative)

Standards of concentration of air impurities as specified in the Environmental Protection and Management Act and its Regulations

NOTE – Refer to the Environmental Protection and Management (Air Impurities) Regulations for the current emission standards

Substance Trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or

industrial plant Emission limits

1 Ammonia and ammonium compounds

Any trade, industry or process

76 mg/Nm3 expressed as ammonia

2 Antimony and its compounds


5 mg/Nm3 expressed as antimony

3 Arsenic and its compounds


1 mg/Nm3 expressed as arsenic

4 Benzene Any trade, industry or process 5 mg/Nm3

5 Cadmium and its compounds


3 mg/Nm3 expressed as cadmium

6 Carbon monoxide Any trade, industry, process or fuel burning process 625 mg/Nm3

7 Chlorine Any trade, industry or process 32 mg/Nm3

8 Copper and its compounds


5 mg/Nm3 expressed as copper

9 Dioxins and furans Any waste incinerator

i 1.0 ng TEQ/Nm3 for waste incinerators commissioned before 1st Jan 2001 ii 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 for waste incinerators commissioned on or after 1st Jan 2001

10 Ethylene oxide Any trade, industry or process 5 mg/Nm3

11 Fluorine, hydrofluoric acid or inorganic fluorine compounds


50 mg/Nm3 expressed as hydrofluoric acid

12 Formaldehyde Any trade, industry or process 20 mg/Nm3

13 Hydrogen chloride Any trade, industry or process 200 mg/Nm3

14 Hydrogen sulphide Any trade, industry or process 7.6 mg/Nm3

15 Lead and its compounds

Any trade, industry or process 5 mg/Nm3 expressed as lead

16 Mercury and its compounds


3 mg/Nm3 expressed as mercury

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Substance Trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or

industrial plant Emission limits

17 Oxides of nitrogen Any trade, industry, process or fuel burning equipment

700 mg/Nm3 expressed as nitrogen dioxide

18

Particulate substances including smoke, soot, dust, ash, fly-ash, cinders, cement, lime, alumina, grit and other solid particles of any kind

Any trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant (except for any cold blast foundry cupolas)

i 100 mg/Nm3; or

ii where there is more than one flue, duct or chimney in any schedules premises, the total mass of the particulate emissions from all of such flue, duct or chimney divided by the total volume of such emissions shall not exceed 100 mg/Nm3 and the particulate emissions from each of such flue, duct or chimney shall not exceed 200 mg/Nm3 at any point in time.

19 Styrene monomer Any trade, industry or process 100 mg/Nm3

20 Sulphur dioxide (non-combustion sources)

Any trade, industry or process 500 mg/Nm3

21 Sulphur trioxide andother acid gases

The manufacture of sulphuric acid

500 mg/Nm3 expressed as sulphur trioxide Effluent gases shall be free from persistent mist.

22 Sulphur trioxide or Sulphuric acid mist

Any trade, industry or process, other than any combustion process and any plant involving the manufacture of sulphuric acid

100 mg/Nm3 expressed as sulphur trioxide

23 Vinyl chloride monomer Any trade, industry or process 20 mg/Nm3

NOTE – The concentration of any substance specified in the first column emitted from any operation in any trade, industry, process, fuel burning equipment or industrial plant specified in the second column shall not at any point before admixture with air, smoke or other gases, exceed the limits specified in the third column.

"dioxins and furans" means polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), being tricyclic and aromatic compounds formed by 2 benzene rings which are connected by 2 oxygen atoms in PCDD and by one oxygen atom in PCDF and the hydrogen atoms of which may be replaced by up to 8 chlorine atoms;

"mg" means milligram;

"ng" means nanogram;

"Nm3" means normal cubic metre, being that amount of gas which when dry, occupies a cubic metre at a temperature of 0 degree Centigrade and at an absolute pressure of 760 millimetres of mercury;

"TEF" means Toxic Equivalency Factor;

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"TEQ" means Toxic Equivalent, being the sum total of the concentrations of each of the dioxin and furan compounds specified in the first column of the table below multiplied by their corresponding TEF specified in the second column thereof:

Dioxin/Furan TEF 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 1 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.1 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.1 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.1 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.01 Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin 0.0001 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzofuran 0.1 1,2,3,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 0.05 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran 0.5 1,2,3,4,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 0.1 1,2,3,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 0.1 1,2,3,7,8,9-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 0.1 2,3,4,6,7,8-Hexachlorodibenzofuran 0.1 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzofuran 0.01 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-Heptachlorodibenzofuran 0.01 Octachlorodibenzofuran 0.0001

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Annex R (normative)

Emission standards for special waste incinerators

Pollutants Standards

Smoke ( Ringelmann Chart ) R0

Particulates 50 mg/Nm3

Sulphur dioxide 200 mg/Nm3

Hydrogen chloride 60 mg/Nm3

Hydrogen fluoride 5 mg/Nm3

Nitrogen oxide 400 mg/Nm3

Carbon monoxide 100 mg/Nm3

Mercury 0.05 mg/Nm3

Cadmium 0.05 mg/Nm3

Other heavy metals 0.5 mg/Nm3

Dioxins / Furans (i) 0.5 ng TEQ/Nm3 for special waste incinerators commissioned before 1 January 2001.

(ii) 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3 for special waste incinerators commissioned on or after 1 January 2001

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Annex S (normative)

Polluting activities subject to site assessment before change of use or rezoning

a) Oil installations and other premises storing, handling and using large quantities of oils andsimilar hydrocarbon products, including the following:

• Oil refineries;• Oil depots;• Petrochemical complexes;• Petrol stations and refueling depots;• Aircraft manufacture and repair industries; and• Motor repair workshops.

b) Chemical plants, chemical warehouses or terminals including the following:

• Chemical warehouses or terminals;• Pharmaceutical/biomedical plants;• Pesticides formulation factories;• Wood treatment and preservation facilities;• Large electroplating works; and• Factories that use, manufacture or store toxic chemicals.

c) Shipyards and grit blasting works;

d) Gas works;

e) Power stations;

f) Toxic wastes treatment facilities;

g) Scrap yards;

h) Landfill site for municipal or industrial wastes; and

i) Facilities for the treatment of sewage.

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Annex T(informative)

Standards and technical guidelines for assessment and remediation of contaminated sites

1. Dutch Guidelines for Soil Protection

2. ASTM E 1527-00 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase IEnvironmental Site Assessment Process.

3. ASTM E 1903-97 Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase IIEnvironmental Site Assessment Process.

4. ASTM E1739-95e1 Standard Guide for Risk-Based Corrective Action Applied at PetroleumRelease Sites.

5. Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in NewZealand

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Annex U (informative)

Listing of some approvals by the relevant authorities on pollution control and other environmental matters

Clearance certificate for any building plan approval or industrial plant works requiring clearance [Section 33(1) of EPMA]

Compliance certificate upon completion of the building or industrial plant works [Section 33(7) of EPMA]

Industrial allocation clearance on the use of industrial premises

Occupy and use any industrial premises classified as Scheduled Premises [Section 6(1) of EPMA]

Construct, maintain or operate a disposal facility for toxic industrial wastes [Section 23(1) of the EPHA]

Carry on the business of a toxic industrial waste collector [Regn 9 of the EPH(TIW) Regulations]

Import, manufacture, process for sale, sell or offer for sale any hazardous substances [Section 22(1) of EPMA]

Use, keep or store of any hazardous substances [Regn 17(1) of the EPM(HS) Regulations]

Sell or supply of any hazardous substances [Regn 21(1) of the EPM(HS) Regulations]

Transport toxic industrial wastes exceeding specified quantities in [Regn _16(a) of the EPH(TIW) Regulations]

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Bibliography

Environmental Protection and Management Act, Cap 94A

Environmental Public Health Act, Cap 95

Sewerage and Drainage Act, Cap 294

Environmental Protection and Management (Air Impurities) Regulations

Environmental Protection and Management (Trade Effluent) Regulations

Environmental Protection and Management (Hazardous Substances) Regulations

Environmental Protection and Management (Boundary Noise Limits for Factory Premises) Regulations

Environmental Public Health (Toxic Industrial Waste) Regulations

Sewerage and Drainage (Trade Effluent) Regulations

URA Master Plan

Code of Practice on Surface Water Drainage 6th edition – Dec 2011

Code of Practice on Sewerage and Sanitary Works 1st Edition - Mar 2000 with amendments under addendum No.1- Feb 2001 and addendum No.2- Nov 2004

Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand.

Dutch Guidelines for Soil Protection http://international.vrom.nl/pagina.html?id=37604

Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Sites in New Zealand http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/hazardous/oil-guide-jun99/

PUB Requirements for Discharge of Trade Effluent into the Public Sewers http://www.pub.gov.sg/general/documents/requirementsfordischargetosewer.doc

SS 593 : 2013

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ABOUT SPRING SINGAPORE

SPRING Singapore is an agency under the Ministry of Trade and Industry responsible for helping Singapore enterprises grow and building trust in Singapore products and services. As the national standards and accreditation body, SPRING develops and promotes an internationally-recognised standards and quality assurance infrastructure. SPRING also oversees the safety of general consumer goods in Singapore. As the enterprise development agency, SPRING works with partners to help enterprises in financing, capability and management development, technology and innovation, and access to markets.

SPRING Singapore 1 Fusionopolis Walk #01-02 South Tower, Solaris Singapore 138628 Tel: 6278 6666 Fax: 6278 6667 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.spring.gov.sg

ABOUT THE NATIONAL STANDARDISATION PROGRAMME

Under the national standardisation programme, SPRING Singapore helps companies and industry to meet international standards and conformity requirements by creating awareness of the importance of standardisation to enhance competitiveness and improve productivity, co-ordinating the development and use of Singapore Standards and setting up an information infrastructure to educate companies and industry on the latest developments.

SPRING Singapore is vested with the authority to appoint a Standards Council to advise on the preparation, publication and promulgation of Singapore Standards and Technical References and their implementation.

Singapore Standards are in the form of specifications for materials and products, codes of practice, methods of test, nomenclature, services, etc. The respective committee or working group will draw up the standards before seeking final approval from the Standards Council or the relevant Standards Committee. To ensure adequate representation of all viewpoints in the preparation of Singapore Standards, all committees appointed consist of representatives from various interest groups which include government agencies, professional bodies, tertiary institutions and consumer, trade and manufacturing organisations.

Technical References are transition documents developed to help meet urgent industry demand for specifications or requirements on a particular product, process or service in an area where there is an absence of reference standards. Unlike Singapore Standards, they are issued for comments over a period of two years before assessment on their suitability for approval as Singapore Standards. All comments are considered when a technical reference is reviewed at the end of two years to determine the feasibility of its transition to a Singapore Standard. Technical References can therefore become Singapore Standards after two years, continue as Technical References for further comments or be withdrawn.

In the international arena, SPRING Singapore represents Singapore in the International Organization of Standardization (ISO), the Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) Sub-committee for Standards and Conformance (SCSC) and in the ASEAN Consultative Committee on Standards and Quality (ACCSQ). The Singapore National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission which is supported by SPRING Singapore, represents Singapore in the IEC.

The Singapore Standardisation Programme is managed by

SPRING Singapore 1 Fusionopolis Walk, #01-02 South Tower, Solaris Singapore 138628

Tel : +65 6278 6666 Fax : +65 6278 6667 www.spring.gov.sg

SS 593 Code of Practice for Pollution Control

Documents

Transcript of SS 593 Code of Practice for Pollution Control