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Sisteme de Radionavigatie Aeriana

Octavian Thor Pleter, PhD, PhD, MBA (MBS)

This presentation draws on ideas from Dr. Pleter’s articles, books, and unpublished manuscripts. No part of this

publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means or in any form - electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without written consent from Octavian Thor Pleter or the

Brainbond consultancy firm, www.brainbond.ro Version 2.0 dated 10 January 20014 © O. T. Pleter and Brainbond

Course Outlines

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1. Introducere. Radare, Radionavigatie. Radiolocatie.

2. Radiocompasul automat (ADF) – Radiofarul nedirectional (NDB).

Schema bloc a ADF cu superheterodina. Markere (MKR), Radiodroma.

3. Radiofarul Omnidirectional VOR. Relevmente, LOP.

4. Indicatorul Radio-Magnetic (RMI). Indicatorul Abaterii de la Curs (CDI).

5. Echipamentul de masurare a distantei (DME) schema bloc, transpond.

6. Area Navigation (RNAV). Pozitionarea Ro-Teta, Teta-Teta si Ro-Ro.

7. Sistemul de aterizare instrumentala (ILS) - schema bloc.

8. Sistemul de navigatie globala prin satelit (GNSS). Sistemul de

pozitionare globala (GPS).

9. Erorile GPS. GPS Diferential. Sistemul de augmentare pe mare

acoperire (WAAS).

10.Radio Altimetrul (RALT). Radarul meteorologic (WXR).

11. Radarul Primar de Supraveghere (PSR). Radarul Secundar de

Supraveghere (SSR). Transponder de bord XPDR Mode A/C. Mode S.

Supraveghere dependenta automata / radiodifuziva ADS/B.

12. Sistemul anticoliziune ACAS/TCAS.

13. Navigatie hiperbolica, LORAN, multilateratie.

14. Concluzii

Navigation History

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Visual Navigation

Navigation History

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Nighttime Navigation

Navigation History

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Fires Replaced by Radio Beacons

ADF/NDB = Passive Radiogoniometry

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Target:

NDB = Non-Directional

Beacon

L = Locator

Locator:

ADF = Automatic

Direction Finder

Info = Azimuth of

the Target

ADF/NDB Targets

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LF/MF 200-1750 kHz

• Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)

• Locators (L)

• Maritime Radio Beacons

• CONSOL Beacons

• Commercial Broadcast LF/MF Stations

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LF/MF 200-1750 kHz

+ propagation around hills, mountains

+ propagation follows Earth curvature

- large wave length x100 m

- vulnerable to interference

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G =

Gisment

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GI = Gisment

Indicator

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Dipole Antenna

Stick Antenna

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Rectangle

Antenna

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Increase

Sensitivity

of

Rectangle

Antenna

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Stick+

Rectangle

Antenna

=

Cardioid

Directivity

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The rectangle

antenna rotates and

the cardioid is kept

with the nil reception

direction towards the

NDB at all times.

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Directly Amplifying Receiver

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Superheterodyne Receiver

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Automatic Direction Finder = closed automation loop to keep the

cardioid with zero reception axis towards the NDB

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Automatic Direction Finder

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Rotating

Rectangle

Antenna

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Rotating

Rectangle

Antenna

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Fixed

Rectangle

Antenna

(rotation

simulated

electrically)

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The cardioid is kept

with the nil reception

axis towards the

NDB. When the

aircraft moves, some

reception occurs. The

problem is where to

turn? Clockwise or

counter-clockwise?

The answer is given

by a second cardioid

(dotted), which results

from the phase

shifting.

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NDB Block Diagram

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NDB Block Diagram - Waveforms

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GI as a separate indicator is obsolete

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ADF Frequency Selector

(Boeing 737-700)

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GI Symbol in NAV display, MAP Mode

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GI Symbol in NAV display, ROSE Mode

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Enroute flight inbound and outbound NDB

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Radio Marker (MKR) transmits vertically above the NDB

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Radio Marker (MKR) Receiver Block Diagram

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Radio Marker (MKR) Transmitter Block Diagram

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Radiodrome