Sridhar Rajappan

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Key Terms Review of unit 6 project Buddy Work: suggestions for

questions

General Terms Mixed Designs Data Collection

Tools Validity

Questionnaire Semi-Structured

Interviews Alternative

Question

Primarily Quantitative Primarily Qualitative

Checklist Rating Scale Reliability Standardized Tests Structured

interviews

Diaries Field Notes Focus Groups Interviews Open-Ended

Question Unstructured

Interview

Foci: supervisors’ impressions of : How effectively their staff washes

their hands Suggestions for improvements in

training and/or in policy to ensure that hand washing is effective

GOAL: to reduce infection rate

Questionnaire is based on:

Mixed methods design:Qualitative phenomenological + Descriptive survey

The subject matter is hand washing as it relates to the rates of hospital born

infections

Supervisor’s perceptions of problems related to hand washing

Numerical data related to current hand washing habits of staff

Suggestions for improvementUltimate focus: to reduce hospital born

infection rate

Two PartsCover letter and questionnaireAnalysis of how survey will be

distributed You might want to try Survey

Monkey: http://www.surveymonkey.com/?cmpid=us:ps:yahoo Free and fun to use!

Write for expected participants Be clear and to the point Identify purpose of questionnaire to

Enhance likelihood of completionAdd to the credibility of the project

Be concise. You want them to move on to complete the questionnaire!

Be personal to motivate them to complete it

Use descriptive title Provide instructions on how to

complete:Circle answer? Check? Be clear and

specificOnly one answer or can there be

several? Craft questions so they are easy to

complete

Ensure question order does not influence responses

Include open space between questions. Provide space for open ended questions to be completed

Use numbers to designate response choices

10-15 questions (no more) including: 2 fixed alternative questions with only 2

potential answers2 fixed alternative questions with 4-5

potential answers4 open-ended questionsOther questions for a minimum of 10

questions; maximum of 15 questions

Open-Ended Fixed Alternative

Open-Ended Fixed Alternative

Allow respondent to fill in own answer

May ask for specific information or

May ask for narrative response Respondent

says/writes whatever he/she wants

Open-Ended Fixed Alternative

Allow respondent to fill in own answer

May ask for specific information or

May ask for narrative response Respondent

says/writes whatever he/she wants

Respondent chooses from list of possible responses

May also be called Fixed choice questions Forced choice

questions

Open-Ended Fixed Alternative

What is your annual income? Check appropriate box:

no income

Less than $5000

$5001 - $20,000

More than $20,000

Must have mutually exclusive and exhaustive response categories Exhaustive=all possible choices includedExclusive=only one possible response

Exhaustive=all possible choices included Which example is exhaustive?

How many times have you visited a doctor in the last year? 0 1-2 3-5 6-10 11 or more

o1-2o2-3o3-4o5o6

Exclusive=only one possible response Which example is exclusive?

How many times have you visited a doctor in the last year? 0 1-2 3-5 6-10 11 or more

o1-2o2-3o3-4o5o6

Usually framed as declarative statements – not questions

Describe intensity of feeling/belief/opinionWith or without an explicitly measured neutral

point in the center

1 2 3 4 5Strongly Agree No Disagree Strongly Agree Opinion Disagree

1 2 3 4Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly Agree Disagree

Avoid confusing phrasing & jargon Use correct grammar and spelling Be concise, but clear. Use shorter rather

than longer words & sentences

Relate questions to the purpose of the questionnaire

I will identify pairs You will chat privately with partner by

clicking on the individual’s name on the list on the bottom left of screen. Click on + on the blue bar to open list.

Identify 3 questions: 1 open-ended; 1 fixed response with two potential answers; 1 fixed response with 4-5 potential answers

Type questions so you can cut and paste when it is your turn.

Supervisor’s perceptions of problems related to hand washing

Numerical data related to current hand washing habits of staff

Suggestions for improvementUltimate focus: to reduce hospital born

infection rate

Open Ended questions

Fixed response question with two potential answers

Fixed response question with 4-5 potential answers

Analyze how you would distribute your survey

Approximately 1 page Use Standard English Use APA format with citations and

references

Telephone Internet Mail Self administered questionnaire given in

a group of people Face to face Interview

Identify method(s) to distribute cover letter/survey

Discuss why the method is preferred, i.e. strengths of the methods with citations

Discuss why other methods are not preferred, i.e. weaknesses with citations

VIDEO on distribution techniques

InterviewsStructuredUnstructuredSemi-Structured

QuestionnairesWritten questions with response areaNo opportunity to clarify meaning of

questions

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Structured – questions developed in advanced

Unstructured – no specific questions prepared. Interview proceeds “on the fly”

Semi-Structured – some specific questions prepared, but interview asks supplementary questions as needed

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Pros Cons

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Pros Cons

Rapport - increases completion rates

Meaning explained that is not clear

Interviewer can go into unplanned areas to get the most complete info from respondents; tailor questions

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Pros Cons

Rapport - increases completion rates

Meaning explained that is not clear

Interviewer can go into unplanned areas to get the most complete info from respondents; tailor questions

Time consuming Expensive Respondent might

give answer that she/he expects will please interviewer

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Identify how you would distribute the survey

Analyze pros and cons of your distribution method

Use APA format with citations and references

APA Title page Cover letter (no citations) Questionnaire or link to Survey Monkey Part 2 analysis (include in text citations) Reference page

Easy to complete Many people find them enjoyable and

readily participate Standardized answers are easier to

analyze

Seminar: Analysis of an experimental study

Discussion: Analysis of various Experimental designs

Quiz

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