SQA (c) Making Food. Photosynthesis G_____ plants make their own food which they store as s_____....
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Transcript of SQA (c) Making Food. Photosynthesis G_____ plants make their own food which they store as s_____....
![Page 1: SQA (c) Making Food. Photosynthesis G_____ plants make their own food which they store as s_____. Green leaves contain c________. Chlorophyll converts.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062615/56649f1f5503460f94c37301/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SQA (c) Making Food
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Photosynthesis
• G_____ plants make their own food which they store as s_____.
• Green leaves contain c________.• Chlorophyll converts l______ energy to
c_______ energy• Equation of photosynthesis• CO2 + H20 + light glucose + oxygen
energyR___ m___ P_
reentarch
hlorophyll
ighthemical
aw aterials roducts
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Equation of aerobic respiration
Glucose + oxygen CO2 + + energy H20
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis CANNOT work without:• Carbon dioxide• Water• Chlorophyll• Sunlight
If any of the above are in short supply they are said to be Limiting Factors”.
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Starch Test• Boil leaf in w_____ to
k____ the cells• Boil in a________ to
remove c___________• Rinse in h__ water• Add i________ s______
to test for s________• Rinse leaf in c_____
water
aterill
hlorophylllcohol
ot
odine olutiontarch
old
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Starch Test Results
Leaf from light
Leaf from dark
Variegated leaf
Leaf with CO2
Leaf without CO2
black
black
brown
brown
brown
black
yellow
green
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Fate of CO2 in Photosynthesis (C)
• During photosynthesis CO2 gas is taken in by plants and made into glucose
• Glucose provides energy for cellular processes e.g. cell growth, cell division
• Glucose can also be converted • to the storage carbohydrate called starch• Or to the structural carbohydrate called
cellulose ( makes up the plant cell wall)
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Fate of CO2 in Photosynthesis (C)
glucoseStructural Carbohydrate(e.g. cellulosein cell walls)
Used immediatelyfor energy
Stored as starch and converted back when glucose is needed for energyby plant.
CO2
Photosynthesis2
1
3
4
5 6
7
8
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glucose
cellulose
starch
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B CO2
D A C
cellulose
starch glucose
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Used for energy / respiration
Made into cellulose /plant cell walls
Stops light reaching leaf
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Elodea Bubbler• When g_____ plants
photosynthesise they produce o__.
• In a______ plants, this oxygen is given off as b_____ which are easily seen.
• The n______ of bubbles produced every m______, i.e. the rate, gives us an idea of how f____ the plant is p____________.
reen
ubbles
quatic
reen
umberinute
asthotosynthesing
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Limiting Factors (C)
• Photosynthesis depends on c______ d_______, w_____, l_____ i_______ and t__________.
• If they are in s_____ supply, they cut down or L_____ the rate of photosynthesis.
• Light, water, carbon dioxide and temperature can act as “L Factors”.
arbonioxide ater ight ntensityemperature
hortIMIT
imiting
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Limiting Factors – light (C)At point X on the graph l______ intensity is limiting the rate of photosynthesis.
At point X - as light intensity increases. the r____ of photosynthesis i________
At point Y on the graph light intensity is n__ l_____ l________ as photosynthesis slows down even though light intensity is still i___________.
X
Y
ight
atencreases
o onger imiting
ncreasing
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Limiting Factors – CO2 (C)
A
B
At A CO2 concentration is the limiting factor as the rate of photosynthesis is increasing as the concentration of CO2 is increasing
At B CO2 concentration is not the limiting factor as photosynthesis is slowing down even though the concentration of CO2 is still increasing
At B there must be another limiting factor e.g. light intensity or temperature
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Limiting Factors –temperature (C)
X
Z
YAt X the rate of photosynthesis is increasing as the enzymes of photosynthesis are working faster
At Y the rate of photosynthesis is at its highest because the enzymes of photosynthesis are at their optimum temperature
At Z photosynthesis slows down because enzymes are being d enatured
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Limiting Factors (C)• At X the
limiting factor is light intensity
• At Y temperature is limiting
• At Z CO2 concentration is limiting
Y
Z
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Light intensity temperature
CO2 concentration
Mass of sugar produced (g)
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Light intensity
Rate of photosynthesis increases
Rate of photosynthesis increases
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Plant transport – what you should know
• The transport system of a plant does t___ jobs.
• One is to t________ materials needed for photosynthesis.
• W____ from r_____ to l______• The other is to transport n________
produced by photosynthesis. S_____ from l____ to roots and fruits and
all parts of the plant
wo
ransport
ater oots eaves
utrients
ugar eaves
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Plant transport – what you should know
• Tubes, in the stem, called x_____ carry the w_____ and m_______ from the r_____ to the l______
• Tubes called the phloem carry the s______ made in p__________ from the leaves to all other parts of a plant
• Up to y______ leaves and f______• Down to r______ and t_______
ylem
ater inerals oots eaves
ugar hotosynthesis
oung ruits
oots ubers
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Xylem structure• D____ cells – no
cell c_______• Contains l______• Carries w_____
and m______ up to leaves
• S________ plant
ead
ontents ignin
ater inerals
upports
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Phloem structure• Made of l_____ cells• T___ cell types• S_____ cells and
c___________ cells• Has sieve p______• Carries n_______
from leaves to r____, f______ and y_______ leaves
1
2
3
Sieve plate
Sieve cell
Companion cell
iving
wo
ieve
ompanion
lates
utrients
oots ruits
oung
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Leaf• Leaves are f____, t_____ and b_____• Leaves don’t o_______ so they don’t block
s_______ needed for photosynthesis• Leaves have s_______ on their e_______• Plants take in CO2 from the a___ through
stomata which can o____ and c_____• W_____ v______ is l____ through the
stomata
lat hin road
verlap
unlight
tomata pidermis
ir
pen lose
ater apour ost
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Cross section of leaf (c)
chloroplasts
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0.5
stomata Gas exchange/ gases in / out
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More on lower surface
ylem
Water would evaporate into the air
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D phloem
B CO2 and water
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cuticle upper epidermis
Palisade mesophyll
Spongy mesophyll
stoma Guard cells
Moist air space
Leaf vein xylem
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Xylem/ leaf vein B
F
C
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1 3
2 4 5
Transport minerals support
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Sieve plate Companion cell
Transports food / nutrients /sugar
epidermis
Guard cells