Spss & Surfer Tutorial (1)
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Transcript of Spss & Surfer Tutorial (1)
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SPSS &Surfer Tutorial
Dr.rer.nat. Thomas Putranto
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EDA using SPSS
Open your file data.xlxs and copy your data in SPSS data
Check your Variable View change type to numeric
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EDA using SPSS SCATTER PLOT for checking stationary
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EDA using SPSS
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NORMALITY TEST
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NORMALITY TEST
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HISTOGRAM
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Normal Q-Q Plot
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BOX PLOT
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Give your files meaningful names! E.g. dataset_01_invdist_pow2_20140826.grd Use a well organized folder structure Dont mess up different file categories: raw data (.xls,.dat,), Surfer files (.grd), cross
validation result files (.dat), krige standard deviation files (.grd), Do not change file extensions!
General procedure Check data consistency and plausability! Make a scatter plot (e.g. in Excel or in Surfer as post map) Check data point distribution (spatial and statistical) Decide which interpolation methods could be appropiate Do a variogram analysis (even if you dont plan to use Kriging) Interpolate (simple or Kriging) and visualize Cross-validation / Krige standard deviation and discussion of results
Surfer-Basics
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Interpolation start and choose data file Interpolation via
Grid-> Data
Data selection (e.g. Excel file) Check Data column assignment
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Interpolation General options
Choose an interpolation method
-> simple methods like Inverse Distance, Minimum Curvature, Radial Basis Function etc. -> Kriging
Variation of parameters in Advanced Options
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Interpolation breaklines and faults
Definition of faults and breaklines -> not possible for all interpolation methods
File Containing Fault Traces -> File in .bln format (see Surfer reference) Press OK
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Menu Cross Validate Choose name and location of save file (.dat) - Meaningful file name! Containing e.g. XV
Press OK Cross-validation will be conducted (can take a while)
Interpolation - Cross-validation (leave one out) Important: choose interpolation method and respective options
(Advanced Options) first, before starting cross-validation!
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Interpolation finish interpolation Creation of the grid file Choose filename and location for interpolated grid file (meaningful filename!) Choose Grid Line Geometry (grid resolution, grid extent) Start interpolation (Press OK)
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Create map for cross validation results
Visualize XV residuals as class map -> Map -> New -> (Classed) Post Map
Properties Be sure to choose the right
column! (residuals in xv (.dat) result file you saved in the Cross validate sub menu)
Number of classes Choose a Binning Method or better user defined:
define symmetric classes according to your data range
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Grid data choose data click cross validate choose a storage location save as .dat
Copy the data into an excel sheet calculate the last column
Calculate RMS from cross validation results
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Geostatistics Experimental semi-variogram
Experimental semi-variogram -> Grid -> Variogram -> New Variogram -> Choose data set (e.g. Excel table) -> OK
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Geostatistics Fitting of the math. model
Fitting of a math. Model to the experimental semi-variogram
-> Variogram Properties (right click) -> Model -> Add/remove component
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Geostatistics Fitting of the math. model
Fitting of the selected model -> Select Variogram Component -> Change parameters scale und length -> Click Apply to see changes directly in the semi-variogram
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Geostatistics Anisotropy
Check data set for anisotropy Go to tab Experimental Change Tolerance (e.g. 40) note angle shown in blue color change Direction by clicking Step CW/Step CCW see changes in variogram directly
General settings Max lag distance / Number of lags Change scale vertically to avoid
flipping of axis scale
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Geostatistics Kriging Kriging Interpolation (after finishing semi-variogram fitting) Grid -> Data Gridding Method: Kriging Advanced Options
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Geostatistics Kriging
Choose variogram model Manual input of variogram model settings (Add, choose type and parameters) Better: choose existing variogram Get variogram and select one contained in Surfer
project (note: if you have multiple variograms in your project, name them on the left side of program window)
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Geostatistics Kriging Krige standard deviation Output Grid of Kriging Standard Deviations Choose folder and file name (this is only the Krige standard deviation output file in .grd
format, so better put that information in the filename!)
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Visualization
Different possibilities -> Map -> New e.g. Contour Map or 3D Wireframe
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Visualization
Properties e.g. filled contours Properties -> Levels -> click on Fill Change labeling properties
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Visualization
Stacking of maps On the object manager e.g. drag the contour-map into the 3D-
model section
Stacking of 3D wireframe, contour map and post Map
SPSS &Surfer TutorialEDA using SPSSEDA using SPSSEDA using SPSSNORMALITY TESTNORMALITY TESTHISTOGRAMNormal Q-Q PlotBOX PLOTSurfer-BasicsInterpolation start and choose data fileInterpolation General optionsInterpolation breaklines and faultsInterpolation - Cross-validation (leave one out)Interpolation finish interpolationCreate map for cross validation resultsCalculate RMS from cross validation resultsGeostatistics Experimental semi-variogramGeostatistics Fitting of the math. modelGeostatistics Fitting of the math. modelGeostatistics AnisotropyGeostatistics KrigingGeostatistics KrigingGeostatistics KrigingVisualizationVisualizationVisualization