Springer Nature — Lab culture survey 1. Methodology
Transcript of Springer Nature — Lab culture survey 1. Methodology
SpringerNature—Labculturesurvey.
1. Methodology
Afterconsultationswithscientistsandresearch-integrityexperts,Nature’seditorialteampreparedasurveytoexplorecurrentperceptionsoflabculture,andthecontributionitmakestoscientists’abilitytoundertakehigh-qualityresearch.Aquestionnaire–availablebelow–waspilotedonadozenorsoscientistsbeforebeingsenttomorethan250,000Naturereadersonvariouse-maillists,andpromotedonsocialmedia,from31Januaryto19February2018.Respondentswereofferedentrytoaprizedrawtowina£100/US$150giftcard.Thequestionnairepresentedprincipalinvestigators(PIs)andnon-PIswithdifferentquestions.Morethan6,000responseswerereceived.Partialresponseswereremoved,aswereparticipantswhocompletedthesurveyinlessthan3minutes,andnonsensicalresponsestoopen-endedquestions.Thisleft3,287respondents.Itisnotpossibletogiveanexactestimateofresponserate,becauseitisnotknownhowmanypeopleviewedane-mailorsocial-medialink.Nature’seditorialteamworkedwithmarket-researchagencyShiftLearningtodevelopthesurveyandtocleanandanalysethedata.
2. Datadocumentationandcautionarynote:
Cleaned(anonymous)dataareprovidedintheaccompanyingExcelsheet,wherethenumberingofquestionscorrespondstothequestionnaire,below.Newcolumns(Q8.a_v,Q8.b_v,Q8.c_v,Lab_valence,Discontented)havebeenaddedtoexplainsomesubjectiveanalysisundertakenbyNatureandbyoutsidescientists,alludedtointheaccompanyingfeature.Inresponsetoquestion9(“Towhatextentdoyouthinkthecultureofyourlab/workgrouphindersitsabilitytodogoodqualityresearch?”),itbecameapparentthathundredsofrespondentswhosaidtheirlabculturestrongly(6)orcompletely(7)interferedwiththeirworkhaddescribedtheirlabinunambiguouslypositivetermselsewhereinthesurvey.Someoftheseapparentlymismatchedrespondershadagreedtobecontactedforfollow-up,andtoldNature’snewsteamthattheyhadinterpretedthequestiontobeabouttheimportanceoflabcultureingeneraltohigh-qualityresearch,ratherthanabouttheirlabinparticular.Therefore,itisnotpossibletobesurethatanswerstoquestion9accuratelyrepresentthefeelingsofsurveyrespondentsabouttheextenttowhichthecultureoftheirlabhindersitsabilitytodogood-qualityresearch.
Twosubjectiveanalyseswereconductedonthedatatoexplorerespondents’feelingsabouttheirlabculture.
(i)Perceptionsoflabclimate:Respondentshadalsobeenasked(question8)toprovidethreewordsthattheywouldusetodescribetheworkingcultureorclimateintheirlab.BrianMartinson,whostudiesresearchintegritywiththeHealthPartnersInstituteinBloomington,Minnesota,codedthevalenceoftheseresponsestodefineameasureof‘positivetonegative’perceptionsoflabclimate.
Hegave‘-1’towordswithanobviousnegativevalueand‘+1’tothosewithanobviouspositivevalue,andthentriedtoassign+1or-1valencecodestoremainingwords,usingthecontextoftheothertwowordsrespondentsprovided.Remainingunclearcases,aswellascasesinwhichwordsseemedemotionallyneutralwithrespecttothelab’sworkingculture,weregivena‘0’value.SeeQ8.a_v;Q8.b_vandQ8.c_vcolums.Responsesweresummedinacolumnlabelled‘Lab_Valence’,whichtakesvaluesrangingfrom-3to+3.Onthebasisofthisanalysis,Naturefoundthatoneinfivenon-PIswereclearlynegativeabouttheirlabs—theirwordswere‘-2’or‘-3’.
(ii)Consistentlydiscontentedscientists
Separately,Natureidentifiedagroupofscientistswhowereconsistentlynegativeabouttheirlabsthroughoutthesurvey:theytendedtousenegativewords,tosaytheirlabcultureharmeditsresearch,andnottogivepositiveresponsesinopen-fieldquestions.These‘discontented’researchersarecodedwith‘1’inacolumnlabelled‘Discontented’.Theymakeuparound14%ofnon-PIs.Theydonotrepresentalltheunhappyrespondents,butasubgroupthatisconsistentlynegative.
3. Questionnaire
Questionno. Questionandoptions Typeofquestion Mandatory Routing
Thankyoufortakingpartinthissurvey.Thisquestionnaireaimstounderstandhowwellscientistsfeelthattheirresearchgroupsprovideahealthyenvironmenttoconductrigorous,valuableresearchandwhatfactorscontributetosuchanenvironment.ThetopicscoveredaroseinworkshopsheldbyNatureeditorswithresearchers.Closingdate:14thofFebruary[laterextended].Completiontime:10–15minutesPrizedraw:£100/$150giftcardWeassureyouthateverythingyoureportwillbetreatedanonymouslyandwithstrictconfidence.Asanadditionalprecaution,weaskthatyoudonotprovidepersonalinformationthatmightidentifyyouinopenendedresponses.AsmembersoftheMarketResearchSociety(MRS),wepledgethatweapplytheindustry’shigheststandardsforprofessionalresearchandprivacyinusingallinformationthatouraudienceprovides,andthatweabidebytheMRSCodeofConduct.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheresearch,pleasecontactdiede.fennema@shift-learning.co.ukThanksagainforyourhelp.
Firstly,we’dliketoaskalittlebitaboutyou.
1. Whichofthefollowingjobtitlesbestappliestoyou?
• Principalinvestigator/labhead
• Staffscientist• Postdoctoralfellow
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
• Senior/leadtechnician
• Laboratorytechnician
• Researchassociate/assistant
• Graduatestudent• Other,please
specify2. Whichofthefollowingbest
describesyourresearchdiscipline?
• Agricultureandfood
• Astronomy/Astrophysics/Cosmology/Planetaryscience
• Biology• Chemistry• Computerscience• Earthand
environmentalscience
• Engineering/Technology
• Materialsscience• Mathematics• Medicine• Physics• SocialScience/
Psychology• Other,please
specify
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
3. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimarysubjectareawithinthefieldofbiology?• Biochemistry• Biomedicine• Cell/Molecularbiology• Developmentalbiology• Evolution/Ecology• Genetics• Immunology• Microbiology• Neuroscience• Other,pleasespecify
Singlechoice Y AskifBiology
4. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimary
Singlechoice Y AskifChemistry
subjectareawithinthefieldofchemistry?
• Chemicalbiology• Organicchemistry/
Medicinalchemistry• Inorganicchemistry• Analyticalchemistry• Physicalchemistry• Other,pleasespecify
5. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourprimarysubjectareawithinthefieldofphysics?
• Condensedmatter• High-energy• Nuclear• Other,pleasespecify
Singlechoice Y AskifPhysics
6. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourplaceofwork?
• Academicinstitution
• Researchinstitution,statefunded
• Researchinstitution,private
• Industry• Other,please
specify
Singlechoice Y Asktoall;Removenonrelevantindataprocessing
7. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesyourresearchspace?
• Mostlywetlab-basedonexperimentalequipmentandreagents
• Mostlycomputational
• Mostlyhumansubjects
• Inthefield• Other,please
specify
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
Thanksforyouranswerssofar.Now,we’dliketoaskaboutprocessesthatareinplaceforsafeguardingthequalityofresearchinyourlab.
8. Wewanttogetasenseoftheinterpersonaldynamics
Openended,limitedto40characters
N Asktoall
andpracticeswithinyourresearchgroup.Whatthreewordswouldyouusetodescribetheworkingclimateorcultureinyourlab?Pleasewriteonewordperbox.
9. Towhatextentdoyouthinkthecultureofyourlab/workgrouphindersitsabilitytodogoodqualityresearch?
7pointscale,onlylabellingextremeends1=notatall,7=completely
Y Asktoall
10. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?Pleasenotthatby“PI”wemeanyourprincipalinvestigator/headofthelab.
• MyPIconsistentlylooksattherawdataformylab/work-group.
• MyPIconsistentlyreviewsthedesignofexperimentsinmylab/work-group.
• MyPIcouldsummarizewhatresearchprojectseverymemberofhis/herresearchgroupisworkingon.
• MyPIvaluesnegativeresultsandsupportsscientistswithinmygroupwhentheyhavefindingsthatdon’tsupportahypothesiscoretothelab’sresearchactivities.
• MyPIgivesmefreedomtoexploreinterestingresultsthatarenotnecessarilycoreto
Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:
• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat
disagree• Neitherdisagree
noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure
Y AskifnotPI
thelab’sresearchactivities.
• MyPIisalmostalwaysavailablewhenIneedtodiscussmyexperimentsorcareerdevelopment
11. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?
• Iconsistentlylookattherawdatadonebymyresearchgroup.
• Iconsistentlychecktheexperimentaldesignsdonebymyresearchgroup.
• Icouldsummarizewhatresearchprojectseverymemberofmyresearchgroupisworkingon.
• Ivaluenegativeresultsandsupportsscientistswithinmygroupwhentheyhavefindingsthatdon’tsupportahypothesiscoretothelab’sresearchactivities.
• Igivelabmembersfreedomtoexploreinterestingresultsthatarenotnecessarilycoretothelab’sresearchactivities.
• Iamalmostalwaysavailabletomyresearchgrouptodiscussexperimentsorcareer
Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:
• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat
disagree• Neitherdisagree
noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure
Y AskifPI
development.
12. Ingeneral,towhatextentdoyoufeelthecultureofyourlabcondonesresearchpracticesthatcutcorners,e.g.thatvaluespeedorgettingresultsthatwillattractfundingoveraccuracy?
• Never• Rarely• Sometimes• Often• Always• Unsure• Prefernottosay
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
Thanksforyouranswerssofar!Next,we’dliketoaskafewquestionsabouthowyouandyourPI[yourteam]worktogether.
13. DoyoufeelyourPIprovidesyouwithenoughguidanceonhowto:
• …keeplabnotes• …designrobust
experiments• …preparepapers,
talks,andgrantapplications
Columns:
• Yes,andIfeelIdoneedthis
• Yes,butIfeelIdon’tneedthis
• No,andIfeelIdoneedthis
• No,andIfeelIdon’tneedthis
• Unsure
Grid Y AskifnotPI
14. Doyoufeelyouprovideenoughguidancetomembersofyourresearchgrouponhowto:
• …keeplabnotes• …designrobust
experiments• …preparepapers,
talks,andgrant
Grid Y AskifPI
applicationsColumns:
• Yes• No,andIfeelthey
doneedthis• No,andIfeelthey
don’tneedthis• Unsure
15. Inthelast12months,haveyouhadanytraininginmanagingpeopleorrunningalab?
• Yes,anditwasuseful
• Yes,butitwasnotuseful
• No,butIwouldliketohavetraining
• No,andIdonotthinkitwouldbeuseful
• Unsure
Singlechoice AskifPI
16. Youmentionedyouhadtraininginthelast12months,whatwouldyousaywasthetrainingmode?Ifyouhaven’thadthesortoftraininglisted,pleaseselectN/A.Rows:
• Inperson,mainlylecture
• Inperson,interactive
• Onlineorindependent
Columns:
• Onetime,lessthantwohours
• Onetime,morethantwohours
• Ongoing• N/A
Grid Y Askifq14=yes
17. Isthereanyothermodeoftrainingthatyoufollowedinthelast12months?
OpenSamepageasq15
N Askifq14=yes
18. TowhatextentareyouclearaboutwhatyourPI
7-pointscale,labelledonlyatextremes
Y AskifnotPI
expectsofyou?
1=notclearatall,7=completelyclear
19. Towhatextentdoyoufeelthatyourlab/workgroupisclearaboutwhatyouexpectofthem?
7-pointscale,labelledonlyatextremes1=notclearatall,7=completelyclear
Y AskifPI
20. TowhatextentwouldyoubecomfortableapproachingyourPI:
• ifyoucouldnotreproduceotherlabmembers’results
• ifyoucouldnotreproduceyourPI’sresults
• ifyouhadresultsthatrancountertoafavouredhypothesis
7pointscale,plusunsure:• Very
uncomfortable• Uncomfortable• Somewhat
uncomfortable• Neither
uncomfortablenorcomfortable
• Somewhatcomfortable
• Comfortable• Verycomfortable• Unsure
Y AskifnotPI
21. Haveyoueverbeenunabletoreproduceotherlabmembers’results?
• Yes• No• Nevertried• Unsure• Prefernottosay
Singlechoice Y Asktoall?
22. Whathappenednext?• Imovedontoother
projects.• Wefiguredoutthe
discrepancyamicably.
• Wefiguredoutthediscrepancy,butitcausedantipathy.
• Wecouldn’tfigureoutthediscrepancy,butitremainedamicable.
• Wecouldn’tfigureoutthediscrepancy,andtherewasantipathy.
Singlechoice Y Askif21=yes
• Prefernottosay
23. Inthepast12months,haveyoueverfeltpressuredtoproduceaparticularresult?• Yes,often• Yes,occasionally• No,never • Unsure• Prefernottosay
Singlechoice Y AskifnotPI
Thankyou.Now,we’dliketoaskaboutthecultureofpersonalsupportinyourlab.
24. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?
• IfeelthatIamtreatedfairlywithinmylab/workgroup.
• MyPItakespositivestepsinfosteringmyprofessionaldevelopment.
• MyPItakespositivestepsincreatingaworkingenvironmentthatsupportsmypersonalwell-being.
Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:
• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat
disagree• Neitherdisagree
noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure
Y AskifnotPI
25. Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatements?
• Iftherewereaninstanceofscientificmisconductinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldknowwhotospeakto.
• Iftherewasaninstanceofscientificmisconductinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.
• Iftherewasan
Labelled7pointscale,plusunsure:
• Stronglydisagree• Disagree• Somewhat
disagree• Neitherdisagree
noragree• Somewhatagree• Agree• Stronglyagree• Unsure
Y Asktoall
instanceofbullyinginmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.
• Iftherewasaninstanceofsexualharassmentinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetospeakuporreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.
• Iftherewasaninstanceofsexualassaultinmylab/workgroup,Iwouldfeelsafetoreportitwithoutfearofreprisal.
• Inmylab,Iwouldfeelabletodiscussissuesconcerninggenderandracialbiasespertainingtomyworkenvironment.
Forthenextsection,we’dliketoaskyouafewquestionaboutyourexperienceconductingresearchinyourworkenvironment.
26. Whatcouldyourdepartmentheadorinstitutiondotohelpyourlabdohigherqualityresearch?Pleaseselectasmanyasapply
• Encourageuseofpreprints
• Encourageuseofrepositoriesforrawdata
• Encourageuseofrepositoriesfornegativedata
• Provideresourcesfordataanalysesandexperimental
MultiplechoiceRandomise
Y AskifPI
design• Provideresources
foradministrativetasks
• Providesupportformentoringandmanaging
• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers
• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities
• Setclearerexpectationsforwhatittakestomovetothenextcareerstage
• HavemoreoversightofPIs
• AllowlabmemberstoreporttomultiplePIs
• Other,pleasespecify
27. Whatcouldyourdepartmentheadorinstitutiondotohelpyourlabdohigherqualityresearch?Pleaseselectonlyone.
• Encourageuseofpreprints
• Encourageuseofrepositoriesforrawdata
• Encourageuseofrepositoriesfornegativedata
• Provideresourcesfordataanalysesandexperimentaldesign
• Provideresourcesforadministrativetasks
• Providesupportformentoringand
SinglechoiceMaskfromq26Randomise
Y Askifq26morethanone
managing• Moreuseof
measuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers
• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities
• Setclearerexpectationsforwhatittakestomovetothenextcareerstage
• HavemoreoversightofPIs
• AllowlabmemberstoreporttomultiplePIs
• Other28. Whichofthefollowing
wouldallowyoutodobetterscienceinyourlab?Pleaseselectallthatapply.
• Havingmorethanonementor
• Iflabmembershadgreaterautonomy
• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingrawdata
• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingnegativedata
• Greateruseofpreprints
• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers
• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities
• MoretrainingforPIsinmentoring
• Moretrainingfor
MultiplechoiceRandomise
Y AskifnotPI
PIsinmanagement• EvaluationofPIsfor
mentorship• EvaluationofPIsfor
management• Moretrainingfor
postdocs• Agreatercultureof
respectforwork-lifebalance
• Other,pleasespecify
29. Whichoneofthefollowingwouldbestallowyoutodobetterscienceinyourlab?Pleaseselectonlyone.
• Havingmorethanonementor
• Iflabmembershadgreaterautonomy
• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingrawdata
• Greateruseofrepositoriesforsharingnegativedata
• Greateruseofpreprints
• Moreuseofmeasuresofscientificproductivitybeyondhigh-profilepapers
• Decreaseinbiasagainstwomenandminorities
• MoretrainingforPIsinmentoring
• MoretrainingforPIsinmanagement
• EvaluationofPIsformentorship
• EvaluationofPIsformanagement
• Moretrainingforpostdocs
• Agreatercultureofrespectforwork-lifebalance
SinglechoiceMaskfromq28Randomise
Y Askifq28morethanone
• Other
30. Consideringthelistofsuggestedimprovements,howmuchofadifferencewouldthismake?
• Little,ourlabisalreadyfunctioningwell
• Agreatdeal,ourlabwouldbemuchimproved
• Unsure
SinglechoiceSamepageasq28(non-PI)orsamepageasq26(PI)
Y AsktoPIafterq26;asktonon-PIafterq28.ResponsescodedasQ30_PIandQ30_nonPI
31. Whatinternalfactorwouldmosthelpyourlabproducequalityresearch?Byinternal,wemeananyfactorthatiswithinyourown/yourlab/yourPI’scontrol.
Openquestion N Asktoall
32. Whatexternalfactorwouldmosthelpyourlabproducereliableresearch?
• Byexternal,wemeananyfactorthatiswithinyourresearchinstitution/funders’control.
OpenquestionSamepageasq31
N Asktoall
33. Thinkingabouthowyouperceivethecultureofyourlaboverall,whichoneoffollowingdoyouconsiderasthemostsignificantobstacletotheproductionofgoodqualityresearchbyyourlab?
• MyPIisnotsufficientlyfamiliarwiththeworkongoinginhis/herresearchgroup.
• IwouldnotfeelcomfortableapproachingmyPIunlessIhadfavourableresults.
• IamsomewhatunclearonwhatmyPIexpectsofme.
• Iamsobusytryingtoproducedata
Singlechoice Y AskifnotPI
thatqualitysuffers.• Pressureto
produceresultsleadstocorner-cuttingorsloppyscience.
• MyPIdoesnotsufficientlyvaluework-lifebalance.
• Mylab/workgroupdoesnotfaceanysignificanthurdles.
Other,pleasespecify34. Towhatextentdoyou
thinkpressuretopublishhindersyoufromdoinggoodqualityresearch?
7pointscale,onlylabellingextremeends1=notatall,7=completely
Y Asktoall
35. Arethereanyotheraspectsaboutthecultureofdoingresearchinyourlabwhichyoufeelhaveanegativeimpactonthelab’soutputofgoodqualityresearch?
Openquestion
N Asktoall
36. Arethereanyotheraspectsaboutthecultureofdoingresearchinyourlabwhichyoufeelhaveapositiveimpactonthelab’soutputofgoodqualityresearch?
OpenquestionSamepageasq35
N Asktoall
Forthelastsection,wewouldliketoaskyoualittlebitmoreaboutyou.
37. HowlonghaveyoubeenaPI?
• Lessthanayear• 1–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years• 11–20years• Morethan20years
Other,pleasespecify
Singlechoice Y AskifPI
38. Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingwithyourcurrentlab/workgroup?
• Lessthanayear• 1–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years
Singlechoice Y Asktoall Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingwithyourcurrentlab/workgroup?
• Lessthanayear
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
• 11–20years• Morethan20years
Other,pleasespecify
• 1–3years
• 4–6years
• 7–10years
• 11–20years
• Morethan20years
Other,pleasespecify
39. Howlongwouldyousayyouhavebeenworkinginscience,sinceobtainingyourPhD?
• IhavenotyetobtainedmyPhD
• 0–3years• 4–6years• 7–10years• 11–20years• Morethan20years• Other,please
specify
Singlechoice Y Asktoall
40. Whichcontinentdoyoulivein?
• Asia(includingMiddleEast)
• Australasia• Africa• Europe• NorthorCentral
America• SouthAmerica
Dropdown Y Asktoall
41. Whichcountry/regioninAsia?
• Afghanistan• Armenia• Azerbaijan• Bahrain• Bangladesh• Bhutan• Brunei• Burma(Myanmar)• Cambodia• MainlandChina• Georgia• India
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=Asia
• Indonesia• Iran• Iraq• Israel• Japan• Jordan• Kazakhstan• NorthKorea• SouthKorea• Kuwait• Kyrgyzstan• Laos• Lebanon• Malaysia• Maldives• Mongolia• Nepal• Oman• Pakistan• Philippines• Qatar• Russia• SaudiArabia• Singapore• SriLanka• Syria• Tajikistan• Thailand• Turkey• Turkmenistan• UnitedArab
Emirates• Uzbekistan• Vietnam• Yemen• Other,please
specify42. Whichcountryin
Australasia?• Australia• FrenchPolynesia• Niue• Tonga• ChristmasIsland• Kiribati• PapuaNewGuinea• Tuvalu• CocosKeeling
Island
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=Australasia
• Nauru• PitcairnIsland• Vanuatu• CookIsland• NewCaledonia• SolomonIsland• WallisFutuna• Fiji• NewZealand• Tokelau• WesternSamoa• Other,please
specify43. WhichcountryinAfrica?
• Algeria• Angola• Benin• Botswana• BurkinaFaso• Burundi• Cameroon• CapeVerde• CentralAfrican
Republic• Chad• Comoros• Congo,Republicof• Congo,Democratic
Republicof• Coted’Ivoire• Djibouti• Egypt• EquatorialGuinea• Eritrea• Ethiopia• Gabon• TheGambia• Ghana• Guinea• Guinea-Bissau• Kenya• Lesotho• Liberia• Libya• Madagascar• Malawi• Mali• Mauritania• Mauritius
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=Africa
• Morocco• Mozambique• Namibia• Niger• Nigeria• Rwanda• SaoTomeand
Principe• Senegal• Seychelles• SierraLeone• Somalia• SouthAfrica• Sudan• Swaziland• Tanzania• Togo• Tunisia• Uganda• Zambia• Zimbabwe• Other,please
specify44. WhichcountryinEurope?
• Albania• Andorra• Austria• Belarus• Belgium• Bosniaand
Herzegovina• Bulgaria• Croatia• Cyprus• CzechRepublic• Denmark• Estonia• Finland• France• Germany• Greece• Hungary• Iceland• Ireland• Italy• Latvia• Liechtenstein• Lithuania• Luxembourg
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=Europe
• Macedonia• Malta• Moldova• Monaco• Netherlands• Norway• Poland• Portugal• Romania• Russia• SanMarino• Serbiaand
Montenegro• Slovakia(Slovak
Republic)• Slovenia• Spain• Sweden• Switzerland• Turkey• Ukraine• UnitedKingdom• VaticanCity• Other,please
specify45. WhichcountryinNorthor
CentralAmerica?• Anguilla• Antiguaand
Barbuda• Aruba• Bahamas• Barbados• Belize• Bermuda• BritishVirgin
Islands• Canada• CaymanIsland• CostaRica• Cuba• Dominica• DominicanRepublic• ElSalvador• Greenland• Grenada• Guadeloupe• Guatemala• Haiti
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=NorthorCentralAmerica
• Honduras• Jamaica• Martinique• Mexico• Montserrat• NavassaIsland• Netherlands
Antilles• Nicaragua• Panama• PuertoRico• SaintBarthelemy• SaintKittsand
Nevis• SaintLucia• SaintMartin• SaintPierreand
Miquelon• SaintVincentand
theGrenadines• Trinidadand
Tobago• TurksandCaicos
Islands• UnitedStates• UnitedStatesVirgin
Islands• Other,please
specify46. WhichcountryinSouth
America?• Argentina• Bolivia• Brazil• Chile• Colombia• Ecuador• FalklandIslands• FrenchGuiana• Guyana• Paraguay• Peru• Suriname• Uruguay• Venezuela• Other,please
specify
DropdownSamepageQ40
Y AskifQ40=SouthAmerica
47. Areyoucurrentlyworkinginthecountryinwhichyouwereborn?
SinglechoiceSamepageQ41
N
• Yes• No• Prefernottosay
48. Whichcountrywereyoubornin?
• [listofallcountries+Other]
DropdownSamepageQ40
N IfQ47=no
Thankyou
49. Arethereanyquestionsyouthinkshouldhavebeenincludedinthissurvey?Wewouldlovetohearthem.
Open N Asktoall
Futurecontact
50. Naturemaywanttocontactyouagaintoaskformoreinformationonthesubjectsdiscussedinthissurvey,ortoaskyouspecificquestionsaboutyourcommentsandanswers.Ifyouarehappytoreceivefollowuprequests,pleasetickthisboxandenteryourdetails.
• Yes• No
Singlechoice N Asktoall
51. Wouldyouliketobeenteredintotheprizedrawtowina$150giftcard?PleasenotethattheemailaddressandnameofthewinnerwillbepassedontoNature,butyouwillremainfullyanonymouswithregardtoyourresponsestothesurvey.
• Yes• No
Singlechoice N Asktoall
Finaltext Wouldyouliketobeenteredintotheprizedrawtowina$150giftcard?Pleasenotethattheemailaddressand
Singlechoice N Asktoall
nameofthewinnerwillbepassedontoNature,butyouwillremainfullyanonymouswithregardtoyourresponsestothesurvey.
• YesNo
Wehavenowcometotheendofthesurvey.Manythanksforfillingoutoursurvey,yourresponsesareextremelyvaluableandusefulforthescientificcommunity.Pleasebeassuredthateverythingyoureportwillbetreatedanonymouslyandwithstrictconfidence.Pleaseclickthebuttonbelowtosubmityouranswers.