Spring 2006 Plant Conservation Newsletter

1 www.centerforplantconservation.org

ConservationSpring 2006 Volume 19, Number 1

Ann Kelly , an intern with Cornell Plant ations Natural Areas, wearsa global positioning unit while monitoring a population of Americanglobeflower .

Review of imperiled flora launchedCPC begins unprecendented, comprehensive examination of species

Plant ConservationAlliance cooperatorsmeet in St. Louis

Cornell joinsCPC as 34thinstitution

Please see Cornell, Page 3

Meet the Network: BillBrumback page 5

New Beattie Fellowsselected page 4

Cornell Plantations hasjoined the Center for PlantConservation as its 34thparticipating institution

The Plantations iscomposed of the arboretum,botanic garden and natural areasof Cornell University.Plantations was founded in 1944by the great botanist LibertyHyde Bailey. The groundsencompass more than 4,000acres on 50 biologically diversesites, showcasing representativeecological communities of theCayuga Lake basin, includingmany rare types. Thesecommunities include bogs, fens,gorges, glens, meadows,woodlands, and other valuablecommunities and features.

Nearly 40 participantsgathered in St. Louis for aNovember meeting of thePlant ConservationAlliance.

PCA is a public-privatepartnership of groupsworking to protect nativeplants. Eleven federalagencies and more than240 non-federal groupswork together to maintain,enhance and restore nativeplant populations. Thenon-federal cooperatorsrepresent several differentgroups, such as botanicgardens, universities, stateagencies, educationalgroups, businesses,professional societies,trade associations, native

Please see PCA, Page 3

To run a successful retailbusiness, owners need tokeep track of their inventory.

Their practice of “takingstock” has been co-opted bysociety to mean assessingwhere we stand and decidinghow to move forward.

CPC and NatureServeare collaborating in“takingstock” of the condition ofimperiled plant species bylaunching an unprecedentedand comprehensive reviewof nearly 900 speciesregulated under the

Endangered Species Act.Participating institutionsacross the country havebeen asked to assist in awide-ranging collection andevaluation of existing dataon plants federally listed asendangered or threatened to

update NatureServe andstate heritage programdatabases.

The goal of the Recoveryon Public Lands project is tohelp determine how manypopulations of each species

Please see Project, 3

Recovering America’s Vanishing Flora

2Plant Conservation, Spring 2006

Dear Friends andColleagues,

In the last fewmonths themedia have beenfull of issues thataffect plantconservat ion .The New York Times published aneditorial raging against the idea thatinvasive species are a problem. Or if itis, denial that the way horticulturists useplant material might be contributing toit, or that any change is needed. (Sigh.)Time and Newsweek published coverstories on Global Warming and itsthreat to our ecosystem. (Hurrah!) Butsome local news magazines on radioand elsewhere picked up once again onthe idea that this is not a provenphenomenon. (Sigh.)

Editorials have appeared in theChicago Tribune and Denver Post aboutneeding good science to help us manage

Board of TrusteesPolly H. Pierce, ChairKathryn L. Kennedy, Ph.D.,

President and ExecutiveDirector

Emmy White Seymour, SecretaryHooker Talcott Jr., TreasurerAnne Foreman BarnesRobert Breunig, Ph.D.Patricia R. BushAnn CoburnPaul Alan Cox, Ph.D.David DeKingJulia Bissell LeisenringJonathan LoringAndrew S. Love Jr.John McPheetersLadeen M. MillerSara OldfieldC.W. Eliot PaineJanet Meakin PoorEdward Schneider, Ph.D.Jocelyn SladenMary Ann StreeterFrank ThibodeauWilliam A. Truslow, Esq.Peter S. White, Ph.D.Peter Wyse Jackson, Ph.D.Peter Ashton, Ph.D., Trustee

EmeritusParticipating InstitutionsAmy B.H. Greenwell

Ethnobotanical GardenThe Arboretum at FlagstaffArizona-Sonora Desert MuseumThe Arnold Arboretum of

Harvard UniversityThe Berry Botanic GardenBrooklyn Botanic GardenChicago Botanic GardenCincinnati Zoo and Botanical

GardenCornell PlantationsDenver Botanic GardensDesert Botanical GardenFairchild Tropical Botanical

GardenHarold L. Lyon ArboretumHistoric Bok SanctuaryThe Holden ArboretumHonolulu Botanical GardensLady Bird Johnson Wildflower

CenterMercer Arboretum and Botanic

GardensMissouri Botanical GardenThe Morton ArboretumNational Tropical Botanical

GardenNew England Wild Flower

SocietyThe New York Botanical GardenThe North Carolina ArboretumNorth Carolina Botanical GardenRancho Santa Ana Botanic

GardenRed Butte Garden and

ArboretumRegional Parks Botanic GardenSan Antonio Botanical GardenSanta Barbara Botanic GardenUniversity of California

Botanical GardenUniversity of Washington

Botanic GardensWaimea Valley Audubon CenterAffiliate Institution St. George

Village Botanic GardenScience Advisory CouncilBarbara A. Schaal, Ph.D., ChairMarie BruegmannMichele R. Dudash, Ph.D.John J. Fay, Ph.D.Gary KnightTiffany Knight, Ph.D.Richard Koske, Ph.D.Eric S. Menges, Ph.D.Clifford Morden, Ph.D.Larry E. Morse, Ph.D.Peggy OlwellBruce Pavlik, Ph.D.Jackie PooleVincent Tepedino, Ph.D.

Warren L. Wagner, Ph.D.Christina Walters, Ph.D.George Yatskievych, Ph.D.National Office StaffKathryn L. Kennedy, Ph.D.,

President and Executive DirectorBruce Rittenhouse, Conservation

Programs ManagerMaria Bradford, Development

ManagerPaul Groenier, Conservation

Information CoordinatorMark F. Barnett, Communications

CoordinatorVolunteersLois Batchelder, Marie Bergmann,

Lori Calcaterra, Nada Granberry,Benjamin Kennedy, DavidKennedy, Jean Mays, Mary Serbi,Sue Slivka, Kathy White, PatrickWhite

Director’s Letter:

The Center for Plant Conser-vation is a national not-for-profitorganization hosted by the Mis-souri Botanical Garden in St. Louisand governed by an independentboard of trustees.

A network of 34 botanical gar-dens and arboreta, the Center’smission is to conserve and restorethe rare native plants of the UnitedStates.

Telephone: (314) 577-9450E-mail: [email protected]:

www.centerforplantconservation.org

Plant Conservation is published quarterly. Ifyou’d like to reproduce any newsletter mate-rial please contact CPC at (314) 577-9450or [email protected]. Or mail requests to CPC,P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166.

This newsletter is printed on recycledpaper with soy ink.

our greatest national treasure…ourpublic lands. (Hurrah.) But newregulatory exclusions from usualenvironmental reviews for productionof oil and gas from public lands havebeen promulgated. (Sigh.) I attendeda meeting of seed producers honestlyquestioning whether we need to worryabout local ecotypes in native plantrestoration work—questioning whetherthere was really any good evidence thatecotypes exist and influencerevegetation success, and legitimatelyconcerned about the need to changebusiness practices. (Sigh.)

And so it goes. The public—goodpeople everywhere who really want todo the right thing, who really do wantto provide for our future—is getting abarrage of mixed messages about issuescritical to their future prosperity. Itmakes me worry. It makes me crazy. Itmakes me angry.

I t also makes me grateful .Grateful for CPC’s science-basedapproach and our efforts to spread

good science and information acrossthe botanical institutions of ourcountry. Knowing that this programhas credible science leadership in allthese institutions on hand to respondand help their communities sortthrough these issues, and others, isa comfort. In fact, it’s the wellspringof my great hope and optimism forthe future.

Grateful for our ability to step upquickly and easily to partner with theMissouri Botanical Garden and serveas the webmaster for the web site onthe voluntary codes of conduct forinvasive species, and that we expandedit this year to add a web directory ofresources on invasive species by stateand topic. We have informationavailable for every state to help peoplefind credible information and ways totake positive action. We have a neededresponse and can offer support. You cango to www.mobot.org/invasives tolearn more.

Please see Letter, Page 12


PCAContinued from page 1

CornellContinued from page 1

“Cornell Plantations is delighted to jointhe CPC and feels that as part of this networkwe will enhance our ability to protect rareand endangered species in our region,” saidDr. Don Rakow, director of Plantations.“We look forward to learning from otherCPC members and to sharing knowledgethat we have gained over the years.”

The Plantations’ 14 botanicalcollections celebrate the relationshipbetween plants, people, and the naturalenvironment. Specialized tree collectionsin the 150 acre arboretum includechestnuts, conifers, flowering crab apples,oaks, maples, and urban trees.

The natural areas are used to teachthe university about natural history andfor recreation, inspiration and relaxation.

“We’re delighted to have CornellPlantations in the network,” said KathrynKennedy, CPC’s executive director.“They represent an institution with aleading reputation in ecology andconservation, and we look forward toworking with the staff and the scientistswho advise their institution.”

Nancy Ostman, director of naturalareas for Plantations, is serving asCPC’s conservation officer at Cornell.

plant societies and garden clubs.The November meeting was a

conference organized around public andprivate efforts to increase the availabilityof native plant materials for restoration andlandscaping uses. Attendees heard anupdate on the Native Plant MaterialsDevelopment program. This federalinteragency project is a partnershipbetween the Department of Interior’sBureau of Land Management and theDepartment of Agriculture’s U.S. ForestService to help improve the diversity,quality and quantities of native plantmaterials available for restoration work onpublic lands. Discussions were also heldin group sessions with federal and non-federal cooperators to explore needs andideas to further the availability of nativeplant materials nationwide. The sessions

focused on three different types of nativeplant material use: small scale, commercialand landscape level. Attendees were ableto share what they would like from PCAand what they have to offer to advancethe PCA mission.

CPC public policy intern MeganHaidet, a master’s student from BardCollege in New York, coordinated theconference. She conducted and analyzeda pre-conference survey designed to gaininformation about availability andawareness of native plant materials forlandscaping and restoration amongdifferent communities. The survey alsogauged the status and awareness amongrespondents about PCA, its workinggroups, web site and support resources,and priorities for future work to furthernative plant conservation.

The work of PCA is accomplished bytwo committees and four working groups.A federal committee is composed of

members from the federal government. Anon-governmental organization committeedraws its members from the other groupsinvolved in PCA. The four working groupsfocus on alien plants, restoration, medicinalplants and public outreach.

In a post-conference session non-federalcooperators discussed ideas and prioritiesfor their unique role in helping advancePCA and native plant conservation for thenation.

PCA federal members and NGOcooperators last met in 1999 at the LadyBird Johnson Wildflower Center. Newfaces at the St. Louis meeting broughtfresh perspectives to the group, andparticipants left with a renewed senseof camaraderie and ideas for futureparticipation. Further informationabout the survey, the PCA meeting, andongoing work will be generated byCPC later this year and disseminatedby PCA.

Americanglobeflower(Trollius laxusssp. laxus)grows in thenatural areasof CornellPlant ations.Trollius laxusis historicallyfound inwetlands fromOhio, NewJersey , NewYork,PensylvaniaandConnecticut.

Photo courtesyof CornellPlantations


Beattie scholars chosen for 2005-06

By Christopher Heckel2004 Catherine H. Beattie Fellow

Invasive species are widely recognized as one of the great-est threats to biodiversity in natural systems. Populations ofnative species can be negatively impacted by invasive spe-cies. Invaders can displace the native plants, compete forresources like light, soil nutrients and pollinators, and mayreduce the size of the native plants. These factors may haveeven greater effects on populations of rare species that mayalready be at risk due to man-made changes to habitat. Mystudy examined the population dynamics and reproductivesuccess of relict trillium (Trillium reliquum), and the localplant community composition in habitats varying in theirdegree of encroachment by two invasive vine species, kudzu(Pueraria montana) and Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicerajaponica).

Relict trillium, native to Alabama, Georgia and SouthCarolina, is one of two federally endangered species of tril-lium. It is a long-lived spring ephemeral estimated to have alifespan of 20 years or greater.

Invasive’s impact,reproductionfocus of study

By Christine Edwards2004 Catherine H. Beattie Fellow

For my dissertation research, I am investi-gating evolutionary relationships, populationgenetics, morphological variation, and geo-graphic variation in a group of rare mints thatare endemic to the southeastern United States.I am also interested in the use of genetic information to de-velop and implement responsible reintroduction or restora-tion plans for the endangered species in these mints, whichmay be applicable to other species. This group is the genusConradina, of which four of the six described species areon the federal endangered and threatened species list. Alsoincluded in my study are the related genera Clinopodium,Piloblephis, Dicerandra, and Stachydeoma. Hereafter, I willrefer to this group as the “Southeastern mint group.”

The first step of my project was to construct an evolu-tionary tree of the Southeastern mint group using DNA se-quences. By comparing DNA sequences from different spe-cies, we can use shared DNA characteristics to group re-

While these mintsmay not be curiouslystrong, the research isHeckel

Please see Heckel, Page 7 Please see Edwards, Page 7

Edwards

Two graduate students who willexamine imperiled species from NorthCarolina have been chosen as the 2006Catherine H. Beattie Fellowshipwinners.

Shannon C.K. Straub, a doctoralcandidate at Cornell University, willstudy the taxonomic status of two raresubspecies of Amorpha georgianus.Straub will collect samples from NorthCarolina and determine the degree ofdifferentiation between populationsthrough gene mapping software. “Thequestions surrounding the taxonomicstatus of the two varieties and theirrarity make this an appropriate systemfor a conservation genetics study; theresults of which can be used todetermine if these two taxa (A.georgiana var. georgiana and A.georgiana var. confusa) are distinctspecies,” Straub writes in her proposal.

Sarah Marcinko, a master’s studentat the University of North Carolina-

Chapel Hill, will examine the extent ofwater fluctuations on Ptilimniumnodosum, also known as Harperella, afederally listed plant with 13 remainingpopulations. Marcinko intends tomeasure the plant’s “response toflooding along a gradient of increasingduration and frequency.” In herproposal for the fellowship, Marcinkowrites “my results will allow managersto make predictions about the short-and long-term persistence of P.nodosum given different hydrologicalscenarios.”

The 2005 Beattie fellowshipwinners were graduate students fromGeorgia Southern University andFlorida International University.Reports on their studies are due soon,and will be featured in future issue ofPlant Conservation.

John Geiger, a doctoral student atFlorida International University,studied the Florida state listed vine

lpomoea microdactyla across its globaldistribution in a fragmented populationin pine-rockland habitat in Miami-DadeCounty, Fla., eastern Cuba and AndrosIsland in the Bahamas. He conductedstudies of the ecology, populationbiology, and genetics of this species.He was to assess the viability thesepopulations using data that is notusually incorporated into these studies,such as ecological disturbance, geneticvariation and Allee effect, which arehabitat components that directconservation efforts.

Jacob Thompson, a master’sstudent at Georgia Southern University,studied the impacts of white-tailed deerherbivory and invasive Lonicerajaponica on the population dynamicsof Trillium reliquum, a perennial herbfound primarily in relativelyundisturbed mesic hardwood forests. Itis restricted to 21 populations in the

Please see Beattie, Page 13


Meet the Network:

Brumback a late bloomerName: Bill BrumbackPosition : ConservationDirector, New EnglandWild Flower Society

CPC presents its “StarAward” to someone whodemonstrates the concern,cooperation and personalinvestment needed to con-serve our native plants.

Bill Brumback is oneof those people. He re-ceived the award atCPC’s annual meeting inApril at Austin, Texas. Adedicated conservationbotanist, Bill has been aleader in plant conserva-tion in the Northeast formany years. He has spear-headed innovative pro-grams to coordinate con-servation, and the firstplant species to be re-moved from the federalendangered species listwas restored under hiswatch. His work makes adifference around thecountry as other pro-grams follow the modelshe established. Read on tofind out more about thewealth of experience andknowledge that Billbrings to the CPC net-work.How did you get yourstart in conservationbotany?

I actually came late tothis field. After college, I ended up inHolland working in the bulb fields. Icame back to the U.S. in 1973 as apropagator for a wholesale nursery, andI started taking classes because I got sointerested in horticulture. I finished myMS in horticulture at the University ofDelaware through Longwood Gardens’graduate program, with a thesis on en-

New England Wild Flower Society/Lisa Mattei

Bill Brumback has been a long-time leader in plant conservation in theNortheast in his role at the New England W ild Flower Society .

dangered plant species programs.After grad school, in June of 1980, I

was hired by NEWFS as a propagator.I was supposed to work on growingplants for sale and for the garden, andto research native plants and endan-gered species. About that time Don Falkand Frank Thibodeau were starting theidea for CPC, and at first there were a

lot of discussions aboutrelative merits of exsitu and in situ conser-vation work. I knewthat in situ was wherewe were headed, butthat ex situ had a roleto play, and we weredoing a lot of rare plantpropagation. So we’vebeen working withCPC for years.

Tell us about someof the long-st and-ing local project syou’re involved in.

In 1990 we startedthe New England PlantConservation Programbased loosely on theCPC model but orga-nized around state taskforces. We took this onto play a role in protect-ing the rare speciesthroughout New En-gland. When we startedthat, it became imme-diately apparent thatwe needed a combina-tion of ex-situ and in-situ work: we neededpeople surveying thewild, understandingwhat was happening inthe field, and backingthat up with work in thelaboratory or green-house. This includesthe work of profession-als, who meet in task

forces to discuss issues going on in theirstate, and also, since 1997, lay peoplevolunteers who do similar work. Ulti-mately, this adds up to 12,000 conser-vation actions a year. Most recently, wereceived a grant to write conservationplans for the species in this program,as well as a five-year grant to write

Please see Brumback, Page 6


checklists and keys for the entire flora.

How do you spread outall of that work?

My workdays really differfrom summer to winter. Aboutnine months of the year Ispend administering theseprograms, getting funding,writing reports, attendingmeetings, and managing thedepartment of four full-timeemployees and some fellows.But then in the summer I’mout looking at plants. I havethe best of both worlds in a lotof ways. Of course the fun partis getting out there and work-ing with the plants, such asRobbin’s cinquefoil (Poten-tilla robbinsiana), which wasrecently removed from thefederal endangered species listthanks to restoration work, orsandplain gerardia (Agalinisacuta), a plant for which we’redeveloping augmentationtechniques. Another species isthe small whorled pogonia(Isotria medeoloides), whichwe’ve been looking at for 15years. Canopy manipulationsfor that plant have shown that when welet light in, the plants are going to re-spond better. We’re hoping to publishthose results soon to show that selectivelogging, done right, can help. By far, themost difficult part of my job is scrap-ping for funding: it’s the hardest, it’s con-tinuous, and it has to get done. As muchas I’d like to be a full-time botanist, Iknow the fund raising is important.

Since CPC celebrated it s 20th an-niversary , and you’ve been in-volved nearly the whole time,what are some of the majorchanges you’ve seen over time?

Things do go in cycles. In the’90s, species were a hot topic,

Robbins’ cinquefoil ( Potentilla robbinsiana) grows in comp actrosettes that produce anywhere between one and 50 showy yellowflowers.

but now invas ive spec ies a remore on peop le ’s m ind . Tha tgoes a long wi th the emphasisnow on managing habitat. Themain threat to imperiled nativeplants has always been habitat

destruct ion, and i t st i l l is, in-cluding changes in natural sys-tems like hydrology and fire. Fora long time, there’s been an em-phasis on protect ing land, butthat emphasis needs to shift. Itis sti l l important, of course, toprotect the north woods and thenational parks, but we can’t losesight of the trees when we’re try-ing to protect the entire forest.The greatest need is how to man-age the areas that we have pro-tected, and we need to under-stand how to manage. So now,we’re doing a lot more manage-ment projects. That was alwaysa need, but it has evolved as thebiggest need.

BrumbackContinued from page 1

How do you spread the wordabout the need to conserve at-risk native flora?

I find that people here in the North-east are very concerned with natural re-

sources, and we have good re-lationships with a lot of pri-vate landowners; there is anenvironmental ethic. So it’snot hard to show people thatnative plants are important forair and water and the environ-ment, but it’s more difficult totalk about a specific endan-gered species. It doesn’t seemlike one species is going tomake a difference. But I stressthat we’re looking at losingour heritage, losing things be-fore we understand them. It’slike an airplane – you take acouple rivets out it’s still go-ing to hang on, but how manycan you remove? For me it’sreally a philosophical and ethi-cal consideration: these plantsare species just like we are;they’re pretty neat organismsin their own right; and they de-serve protection. And theywere here first!What his co-workerssay about him:

Cheryl Lowe, horticulturedirector at the New EnglandWild Flower Society hasknown Bill for about 14 years.

Here’s what she has to say about him:“Bill is funny, creative and some-

times so full of energy it seems to gushout of him. He is enthusiastic, loves totease people, and laughs easily (at him-self as well). He can charm almost any-one. He is totally committed to plantconservation, with a wonderful, effec-tive mix of scientist and pragmatist. Heworks in the basement of our admin-istration building, and he goes downthose stairs so fast we are all sure oneday he will end up in a heap at the bot-tom, but he never does. His office isreally a cave, with piles of papers ev-erywhere that make no sense to any-one but Bill. In spite of some valiantefforts by fellow staff, Bill is still theKing of Paper Piles Achievement.


Both kudzu and Japanese honey-suckle are aggressive vines that were in-tentionally introduced in the U.S. fromtheir native ranges in Asia around theturn of the 20th century. In the south-east, both species are considered pestsand their presence in natural systemsmay result in the loss of native species.

I conducted my study at MontezumaBluffs Natural Area in Macon County,Ga. The area is a state-owned and man-aged property containing large popula-tions of relict trillium. In the spring of2003, I permanently marked, counted,and recorded the life stage of trilliumshoots in 20 sampling plots in each offour sites within three pre-existing habi-tats (no-vine habitat, kudzu habitat, orhoneysuckle habitat) that differed in thepresence or absence of the invasive vines(1,014 total plants tagged in 2003). Imonitored yearly survival and life-stagetransitions of these individuals over atwo-year period. These measurementsdetermined population density and thepopulation growth rate.

I also conducted a honeysuckle removal

HeckelContinued from page 4

experiment in a honeysuckle habitat awayfrom the demographic study area to de-termine the magnitude of honeysuckleimpacts on relict trillium populations.

In 2003 and 2004, I also measured thetotal number of species and the amountof cover for understory vegetation in thesampling plots to determine differencesin the plant community. In the spring of2004, I conducted a supplemental pol-len experiment to test whether relict tril-lium seed production is limited by re-sources or by the dispersal of pollen.

Habitats containing the invasive vineskudzu and honeysuckle had overallsmaller populations of relict trillium.Trillium density in the no-vine habitat isup to 3.5 times greater than in habitatsdominated by invasive vines. Using thepopulation growth rate, I found that, un-der current conditions, the no-vine andhoneysuckle populations are stable andin the kudzu habitat, the population is de-clining. Using the data to predict futurepopulation size, it is estimated that in 25years there would only be two individu-als of relict trillium left in the populationwhere kudzu is found. When honey-suckle was removed, the populationgrowth rate of trillium showed a strongincrease. This growth is due to the addi-tion to the population of 113 new shoots

in 2004 that may have been released frombelow-ground dormancy.

In comparison to the no-vine habitat,the invasive vine habitats had two-to-three times more understory cover. In-creased cover likely intensifies competi-tion for light, nutrients, and water, mak-ing it difficult for the trillium to thrive inthese invasive-dominated habitats.

Results of the supplemental pollina-tion experiment suggest that pollen isnot the limiting factor in seed produc-tion, and therefore environmental fac-tors like available soil nutrients, light,or water likely have a greater role inreproduction.

My research successfully documentsdifferences in relict trillium populationdynamics, seed production, and localplant community composition associatedwith habitat types classified by the pres-ence or absence of invasive species. Ad-ditionally, my research implies that habi-tat associated changes are directly relatedto the presence of invasive vines. My re-search also suggests that the removal ofinvaders can be an effective method forfacilitating population recovery. Thus,conservation efforts should focus on re-moving invasive species from relict tril-lium habitat to facilitate populationgrowth.

lated organisms together on an evolution-ary tree, which is important in this groupbecause it can provide information onspecies delimitation. Species delimita-tion is a particularly confusing in theSoutheastern mint group because the spe-cies are morphologically very similar andthere are several endangered species thatare taxonomically questionable. Clarifi-cation of species boundaries is crucial forthe conservation of this group becausefederal endangered species protectiondepends upon species delimitation.

To construct an evolutionary tree, I haveobtained collecting permits and collectedleaves from multiple populations of everyspecies in the southeastern scrub mintgroup. I extracted DNA from the leaf ma-

EdwardsContinued from page 4

terial of every species, and then analyzedthe DNA of nuclear ribosomal and chlo-roplast genes using DNA sequencing tech-nology. Conflicting results from thenuclear and chloroplast evolutionary treesindicate that the different genera may havehybridized with one another in the past.

Currently, I am working on twoprojects. The first project involves furtherDNA sequencing of nuclear genes fromthe Southeastern Scrub mint group to ob-tain a more highly resolved understand-ing of the evolutionary relationships in thegroup, especially because of the conflict-ing nature of the chloroplast and nucleardata sets in the study described above.

The second project that I am work-ing on is to understand the patterns ofgenetic diversity in the Southeasternmint group, particularly in the endan-gered species. This is important becauseendangered species often have small

population sizes; when population sizesare small, there is usually a higher rateof inbreeding. A loss of genetic diver-sity can prevent the species from adapt-ing to changing environmental and evo-lutionary pressures causing further popu-lation declines, and eventual extinction.

To understand the patterns of geneticdiversity, I have been working withmicrosatellite markers, which are highlyvariable DNA regions that are used togenotype individuals. I have isolatedthese microsatellite DNA regions, and Iam screening them to see if they will beuseful in identifying the genetic make-up of individuals. I am also working onextracting DNA from more than 2,000individuals that I will eventually geno-type. I will then use these data to under-stand population dynamics, such as ifpopulations are inbreeding or outcross-ing, which can then be used to formulateconservation priorities and strategies.


Along the Road to Recovery

Habitat factors key to survival

A student at the University of W ashingtonworks on an outplanting of goldenpaintbrush ( Castilleja levisecta). Manypopulations of the western prairie planthave been destroyed by the conversion ofits native habit at to agricultural, residential,and commercial uses. Fire disturbance is anintegral p art of the prairie ecosystem andthe decline of the golden p aintbrush (atright) is correlated with fire suppression.

Please see Recovery, Page 9

“Along the Road to Recovery” is aCPC series of stories highlighting thesteps to recovery for imperiled plantspecies. For an overview of theseries, see the Winter 2003 isue ofPlant Conservation, available atwww.centerforplantconservation.org

Gardeners are familiar with theadage that success depends on havingthe right plant in the right place.They’ve learned the hard way thatplants can’t grow just anywhere. Mosthave particular preferred conditions,and if they aren’t supplied, while theymay hang on in the garden for a time,they never really thrive.

The same principle applies toworking with vulnerable species in thewild. Investigating the nuances thatdefine preferred or optimum habitatconditions (called habitatcharacterization) can be critical inreversing decline for imperiled species.

Restoring imperi led plantsrequires that both the vulnerablespecies (focus or target species) andits habitat (or plant community) berobust and self-sustaining. Whenbeginning work with a species ofconservation concern, it’s essential tostep back and try to place the speciesin the context of the plantcommunities of the area. Establishinga working concept of a plant’soptimum habitat is a vital referencepoint for recovery. The chances forsuccess in many areas of futureconservation work are improved ifthe habitat is well-characterized andunderstood. It can help refinesearches to f ind a few morepopulations to work with. It providesa foundation concept to guidedecisions evaluating the mostpromising sites for conservation orrestoration, and developing aworkable range-wide strategy forlong-term stability.

Tasks like identifying and managingthreats, planning or implementinghabitat restoration actions, restoring theplant populations themselves, finetuning land management practices, andplanning for future maintenance areactions at the community level thatrequire a good functional understandingof the habitat type. Working ininappropriate or less than optimum

habitats for an imperiled speciesincreases the likelihood of failure, andthe loss of valuable resources (i.e. plantgenetic materials, labor, and goodwill)and funding would have been wasted.

Plant ecologists working at thecommunity level (synecologists) arethe experts in helping decipher the“what” and “where” of optimum habitatfor a species at risk. Like humans, manyfactors are important in determiningwhere a plant lives. Plants respond tomany different physical and biological

parameters. Physical (abiotic)parameters like moisture, temperature,topography, elevation, exposure,geology and soils impose definite limitson plants, often influencing habitats overrelatively large areas (a coarse scale


RecoveryContinued from page 8

ecological factor). Biologicalparameters also impose limits on plantgrowth, usually operating on a finerscale. Biological factors include theposition, composition and structure ofassociated vegetation as well asinteractions with other organisms likesoil mycorrhiza, pollinators and seeddispersers. Vegetation reflects bothenvironmental characteristics of anarea, and the biological tolerances ofdifferent species.

On the landscape, under theinfluence of local physical andbiological environmental conditions,plants aggregate into groups or suitesof species (communities) suited to theconditions. These suites of speciesoccur together consistently enough toform a recognizable pattern, repeatedin multiple areas. These communitiesare called plant associations or habitattypes. Over the years, plant communityecologists analyzing these speciespatterns have worked out local andregional vegetation classificationsystems for much of the country, withhabitat type names and detaileddescriptions of their structure andcharacteristics. Some vegetationclassification work includes keys tohabitat type identification, and manyare mapped. Some habitat types arecommon and widespread. Others areuncommon, even rare, and occur inlimited areas.

The relationship between a singletarget species and the habitat typesacross its range varies. Some plantsare generalists, have a broadtolerance of environmental andbiological parameters, and may befound over a large geographic range.They may be common in a numberof habitat types. But some specieswith comparatively wide tolerancesand extensive ranges, l ike theAmerican chestnut (Castaneadentata), have become veryvulnerable due to range-wideconditions or events such as diseaseor habitat fragmentation.

Other species, including many rare

and imperiled species, are adapted tovery particular, less common habitats.These plants are called specialists andoccur on a narrow range of habitats,often in only one habitat type in alimited area. Species uniquely adaptedto particular habitats and foundnowhere else are called endemicspecies.

Sometimes there is one obvious orprimary factor that seems predominantin determining the development of adistinct habitat type. Many rare andimperiled plant species’ habitats areadapted to one specific soil type.

An example is the endangered SanMateo thornmint (Acanthominthaduttonii) that occurs only inserpentine grassland. Serpentine soilsare low in essential nutrients such ascalcium and phosphorous and high inmetals such as iron and magnesiumthat severely limit plant growth. Thehabitat types that have evolved therehave many unique species tolerant ofthese particular conditions. Otherhabitat types may be found only onsouth facing slopes, or onlyassociated with infrequent naturalfeatures like springs or seeps.

Habitat character izat ion forimperiled species can be hard work.We want to know not only if theplant occurs in a recognized habitattype, but also how typical the siteis, or i f i t has any unusualcharacter ist ics that ref ine ourunderstanding.

This work requires many hours inthe field, a good knowledge of theknown habitat types of an area,excellent observation and plantident i f icat ion ski l ls, carefulmeasurement, comparisons, andsometimes even computer izedanalytical techniques.

General ly, botanists andecologists examine all possible sites,list the species present, record thepatterns of vegetation (patchy, openor closed canopy, variation in agestructure, etc), and evaluate therobustness of the habitat at each siteas well as the relative condition ofthe imperiled plants (which may notbe the same). Botanists also note

land-use history for the sites, andany obvious signs of stress in thehabitat (invasive species, heavyinsect infestations, disease, heavybrowsing damage, etc.)

When the field measurements andobservations are done, botanistscompare the habitat characteristics andthe robustness of the species across thesites. The habitats with the most robustpopulations are assumed to reflect thebest conditions, at least as a firstapproximation. Confidence is increasedif there are several good sites,consistently correlated with the samehabitats, or if all the known sites arecorrelated with the same habitats.Similarly, confidence in theinterpretation of optimum habitat isimproved if sites with robustpopulations are in habitats consideredin good to very good condition,indicating that ecosystem processes aresupporting both the habitat and thespecies well.

Using these best s i tes as abenchmark, botanists can carefullyexamine information about theoptimum sites, looking for featuresthey have in common, such asgeology or soi ls, elevat ion, orlandform position.

If common factors are present, thenadditional potential habitat areas thathave a high likelihood for the speciesto be present can be identified, mappedand searched. If more sites are found,data from these sites will be collectedand evaluated as well, and may improvethe concept of optimum habitat.

Scientists are vigilant about thepossibility for misinterpretation. Insituations where the species is in such poorcondition range-wide and there are onlyone or a few sites, there is much lowerconfidence in inferring optimum habitatfrom site examinations of the vegetation.In some cases, historical recordsdemonstrating that the species has beenpersistent on the site, especially if thereare any records with information aboutspecies numbers and habitat composition,may be helpful in evaluating the likelyconditions that were optimal. Aerial

Please see Recovery, Page 11


network news & notes

Financial experts say that investingtoday will ensure a more secure tomor-row.

This common-sense approach alsodrives CPC’s mission. That’s why thenational office asks Congress each yearto help preserve federal funding for theinteragency Native Plant Materials Pro-gram. Citizens everywhere should knowabout the importance of this program.

The national office and 11 participat-ing institutions are cooperators with theBureau of Land Management in this pro-gram supporting restoration of nativevegetation. Specifically, funding is ap-propriated to BLM within the Depart-ment of Interior’s budget for WildlandFire Management and is administered bythe Plant Conservation Alliance thoughthe Seeds of Success program. The For-est Service also receives funding throughthe U.S. Department of Agriculture’sForest Service budget in its fire program.

The Native Plant Materials Develop-ment Program is designed to collect anddistribute native plant seed materials toagency partners so they can make thematerials available for wildland reveg-etation and restoration. The programaims to stop the supply problem in thenative seed industry that makes it diffi-cult or impossible for the U.S. Forest Ser-vice and the BLM to complete largenative revegetation projects after fires.

Through the work of CPC institutions,the program holds great promise to solvethe gap in production and seed qualitythat has held back the use of native plantmaterials nationwide. Most native plantmaterial production has been by smallbusinesses that don’t have the capacity

Federal partnerships help CPC missionto save imperiled plant species across nationProgram administeredby the Bureau of LandManagement aimsto re-seed federal landsravaged by wildfires

for research and development to increasethe variety and amount of materials avail-able. This program will help solve thatproblem, provide new product niches forsmall and large seed businesses, and willhelp CPC achieve better quality restora-tion projects and help reduce the threatof invasive species.

The program is cost-effective too. Itworks in partnership with conservation or-ganizations, such as CPC and the SudentConservation Association, that provide ex-pert and volunteer labor inexpensively, andhelp match the federal funds. Communityand student groups meet their missions too.

The protection of Mirabilis macfarlanei is import ant because it is a host to a rare mothdiscovered in 1983. The Heliodinid moth is host specific to McFarlane’ s four-o’clock. Themoth larvae feed only on the leaves and flowers of this plant native to eastern Oregon andwestern Idaho.

The benefits are multiplied when their visi-tors and volunteers see the success of theseefforts. They can see themselves as engagedin stewardship of our wildlands and theirinvestment in the future.

Eleven CPC institutions have beenfunded for seed collections for the pro-gram over the last several yearsthrough cooperative agreements withCPC. But there is a lot of work left todo to help this interagency program,which is guided by a 10-year plan,meet its potential. Thanks to your sup-port, CPC will continue to be able toserve as a valuable partner.


Scientists beginseed collectionat national parks

One of our nation’s greatest assets isthe National Park System.

And CPC continues to implementa cooperative agreement signed in2004 with the U.S. Department of theInterior and CPC. National Park Ser-vice employees and CPC research-ers are engaged in a five-year seedand data collection project on NPSland.

The park service has identified 227imperiled plants that are on the federalEndangered Species list. CPC research-ers are collecting seed and surveyingand documenting populations of imper-iled plants. Restoration and reintroduc-tion projects will likely result from thiseffort.

The NPS provides access to park landfor collection of seed, and data on theparks. Park service employees also helpwith the permitting process for collectingand researching the imperiled plants.

CPC has agreed to collect, clean,catalog and assess the viability ofseeds so they can be sent to the Na-tional Center for Genetic ResourcesPreservation in Fort Collins, Colo.

In some cases, collection may beimpossible because the species nolonger grows on park service lands.If that is the case, CPC researcherswill be try to obtain the desired spe-cies from outside the park on landthat has similar ecological charac-teristics.

So far, about 30 species have beencollected.

Federal officials have recognized the needfor native plant conservation and CPC’svalue as a partner in the effort.

That’s where CPC’s conservationofficers come in. They have the train-ing to study, document and collectgenetically viable plant material tohelp ensure reintroductions will bepossible.

network news & notes

photographs or other photographs ofthe habitat areas over the years mayallow an evaluation of any changes inthe habitat.

Evaluating the role of disturbancein the habitat is also important.Biologists work to keep an open mindand remember that a visit to a siterepresents only a snapshot in timeand space.

Plant habitats are predictablecommunities of living things, butthey are not static. Habitats oftenexhibit a predictable cycle inrevegetation after disturbance, withidentifiable habitat stages calledsuccession. Some species depend ondisturbance to germinate and thrive,and these species (colonizers, orpioneer species) are the first to beginrevegetating an area, forming earlysuccessional habitats. They graduallydisappear as the vegetation matures,f i l l ing in and becoming morecomplex. Other species appear in themiddle of the succession process, andstill others are found in more maturehabitat types that have not had a largescale disturbance in some time(mature, old growth, or cl imaxvegetation).

Botanists working to characterizethe context of an imperiled speciesmust ask the question, “Where doesthis species fit in the habitat typesthat are part of the normal cycle ofdisturbance and revegetation? Is itjust arriving, on its way out or in itsoptimum position?

When very small populations areencountered, there could be manyexplanations, and there is a greaterlikelihood the current habitat type onthe site is not really optimum.

It ’ s easier to understand thecommunity relationships in a habitattype when you still have good sitesto work with. Relying on current

vegetat ion character ist ics forpopulations in poor condition couldeasily lead to misinterpretation, andthese are very chal lengingsituations.

For example, the presence of a justa few individuals may be essentiallyaccidental. Some seeds may havebeen transported there andgerminated, but the habitat mayactually be marginal for the species.The plants cannot thrive, and theymay not persist over time.

In other cases, the habitat haschanged through succession ordegradation, and we need to do moresophisticated detective work to get agood concept of preferred habitattype. Small populations may also bethe result of habitat fragmentation,reducing the habitat to such smallpatches that pollinators cannot findthe species, or the microclimate nolonger supports good germination.

If there are several sites availablefor these more difficult situations,careful comparison of populationcondition (numbers of individuals,seedlings, and plants setting see, forexample) with past land-use historycan give clues that may be helpful(burned vs. unburned sites, or closedvs. open canopy sites) to decipherwhich conditions are better for thespecies.

Once botanists feel that they havea good concept of what the appropriatehabitat type or types for a species maybe, and where that habitat is found,we can turn our attention to restorationquestions for the populations that needintervention, asking the “Why?”questions: Why are these populationsso small? Why aren’t theyreproducing well? Why is the habitatin this condition?

Then the planning can moveforward for conservation andrestoration activities that will reversedecline and ensure robust populationsin appropriate habitats that also arefunctioning well.

RecoveryContinued from page 9


“Unbelievably valuable”…“perfect”…“awesome”…“Possiblythe greatest week of my life.” Thesecomments sound like the people whomade them went through atransformational experience.

But they didn’t go on a transcendentalmeditation retreat. They completedApplied Plant Conservation training atDenver Botanic Gardens, in acollaborative effort that demonstrates thepower of partnerships. CPC partneredwith Denver and the U.S. Botanic Gardento bring the two-week training to life for30 participants for the first time in 2005.The partnership continued again this yearin Denver from June 6-10. CPC presentedour one week overview course in plantconservation that was developed by thenetwork with funding from the NationalFish and Wildlife Foundation. DenverBotanic Gardens developed a secondweek focused on conservation program

Applied plant conservation training highly regardeddevelopment in a botanic garden,followed with an internship trainingexperience. The U.S. Botanic Gardensupplied funds and educational planningsupport to make the program possible.

The CPC introductory course wasdesigned to help consultants, governmentagency biologists and botanic garden staffbuild their skills and network. CPC andother leading conservation botanistsnationwide created a curriculum thatpresents an overview of 17 keyconservation topics led by nineexperienced, expert faculty members.Participants get pragmatic tips,information resources, contact lists ofexperts and an opportunity to getquestions answered by experts in the field.In the second week of the training, led byDenver, participants learn aboutdeveloping a botanic garden conservationprogram, community participation, andgrant writing and funding from

professionals invited by Denver BotanicGardens and United States BotanicGarden. Attendees receive courseresource binders that they can use as areference in their careers.

The training is intensive and attimes exhausting, but 97 percent ofthe first year’s students said theywould recommend the course totheir peers.

CPC has a strong commitment tosharing what we have learned overthe last 20 years, using our web site,publications, and continuing toexpand our role in trainingprofessionals and students in plantconservation. In the last few years,CPC’s annual national meetingshave included training seminars ontechnical conservation issues as wellas training sessions by the nationaloffice staff on grant writing andpublic relations.

Grateful that CPC has a full-timecommunications coordinator who takesour information about plant conservationto mass audiences, sharing our sense ofurgency, our experiences withpartnerships, and our hope for our florawith the country by telling the stories ofthe great work our institutions do. He canconnect plant conservation to the well-being of our citizens. We can respond tothe public’s desire for reliableinformation.

Grateful for our partners who arehelping us respond. Agency partnerslike the National Park Service and theBureau of Land Management, whohave reached out to us to help get ex-situ collections established for valuablespecies at risk. They are committed toconservation and restoration of thisbiodiversity, and good management inservice to the nation. Grateful toresponsible and action-orientedcorporations like Aveda who helped ustell our story nationwide and providesponsorship funds for a significantnumber of new species. Grateful forgarden clubs and native plant societies

who worked to help us put funds inplace through sponsorships for theirlocal species. Grateful to our friends atthe U.S. Botanic Garden and DenverBotanic Gardens who helped us presentour intensive training for youngprofessionals at the Denver BotanicGardens so we could reach out andtouch the new, sharp, completelycommitted crop of practitioners whowill carry our mission forward. It’sthanks to them that we can respond withhands-on help, with avenues to speakbroadly to the public, and train andsupport more scientists.

It’ s powerful to reflect on themessage that our instructor gave ourprofessionals at our annual meeting inTexas recently, during their trainingsession on genetics and conservation.Asked about the threat of globalwarming, and how we could possiblydeal with the projected changes….hesaid…“you are already doing one of themost important things, conserving theseed and other materials for futurerestoration work, and working as fast asyou can to restore and maintain greatdiversity in these populations in the field.The restoration work in the wild givesthem the best possible chance to survive

LetterContinued from page 2

and maintain their integrity byadjusting in the face of change…andthe ex-situ work will be invaluable forareas where we will need to assistnature in conserving our biodiversity.”“Keep doing what you are doing.”

We will. With the help of ourBoard of Trustees, our participatinginstitutions, our wonderful staff,volunteers, and our Friends group.Our friends support gave us theoperating budget to be able to respondquickly in communications, criticalconservation projects, and newpartnerships because we had thecapacity to commit to the effort. Theyhave all responded, some for manyyears, to maintain and build ourcapacity.

We are grateful. We aredetermined. We know we make adif ference. We pledge to keepworking to grow our friends, partners,and projects, and we hope you willeach make a private pledge bewatchful for your own opportunitiesto respond, and to do so.


are available for recovery work, theirrelative condition, and how many occuron federal lands. This study willprovide federal land managers with aclearer understanding of the numberand condition of populations that occuron lands they manage, and the relativecontribution to total recovery that couldbe made by individual agencies and byinteragency cooperative efforts.

About 29 percent of the land areain the United States is under thejurisdiction of five major federalagencies, including the Bureau of LandManagement, the National ParkService and the U.S. Forest Service.Concentrating initial efforts on federalholdings makes sense because the levelof protection for listed plant species ishigher on federal lands, andmaximizing recovery on federal landsmay reduce taxpayer recovery costsbecause some infrastructure to managethe land is already in place.

The project will helpconservationists understand theurgency for intervention and providea realistic assessment of recoveryopportunities for the nation’svulnerable plants. It will support betterplanning, budget requests, and prioritysetting. As the potential for significantplant recovery on federal lands isassessed, we will also get an ideawhich species require significantpublic-private partnerships and localcommunity action. An analysis for thisnumber of plant species has neverbeen performed at a national level.

Funds for the project will bringtogether botanists, conservationists andstate and federal natural resourceofficials to share data on native plantsfor which they are responsible, and allthe partners will get an improvedinformation base and analysis in return.

“We believe these summaries willilluminate the species where federalagencies can move forward efficientlyto achieve recovery,” said KathrynKennedy, CPC’s executive director.“We will also have a more realistic ideaof the resources needed for both federaland private recovery programs.Sustaining this valuable biodiversitywill benefit our entire nation.”

Bruce Rittenhouse, who joined CPCas conservation programs manager inJuly 2005, has been working withNature Serve, and conservation officersat the network’s gardens and arboreta.

“I came to CPC to be a part of a teamof dedicated plant conservationists,”Rittenhouse said. “I am looking forwardto having the opportunity to work withthe botanists in the CPC memberinstitutions and the federal partners onthis project.”

CPC began moving forward onthe project after a significant grantwas awarded from the Henry LuceFoundat ion. The foundat ionawarded CPC a two-year grant thatwi l l serve as match for fundscommitted earlier by the NationalFish and Wi ld l i fe Foundat ion.Additional support for the projecthas been provided by ChevronTexaco and the St. Louis-basedEdward K. Love Conservat ionFoundation.

Coastal Plains and the Piedmontregions of Alabama, Georgia and SouthCarolina.

The Beattie fellowship is sponsoredby the Garden Club of America and isadministered by CPC. Winners arechosen based on evaluations of proposalsby scientific reviewers selected by CPC,and the recommendation by GCA’sscholarship committee. Each year, the

ProjectContinued from page 1

BeattieContinued from page 4

grant enables a graduate student inbiology, horticulture, or a related field toconduct research on a rare or endangeredplant in the southeastern United States.Preference is given to students focusingon the endangered flora of the Carolinasor the southeastern United States.Fellowship payments have varied from$1,000 to $4,000

The annual deadline is inDecember, and application informationcan be found on the CPC web site:www.centerforplantconservation.org.

National office staff members havebeen busy this spring working toinform federal agencies and otherpartners about the Recovery on PublicLands project.

Bruce Rittenhouse, CPC’sconservation programs manager, traveledto four meetings to talk about the projectand let field office representatives knowthat conservation officers from CPC’sparticipating institutions would becontacting them for their help updatinginformation on plants regulated under theEndangered Species Act.

Rittenhouse spoke in California tobotanists in Region 5 of the U.S. ForestService; he gave a presentation at theUtah Rare Plant meeting whereemployees from the U.S. Fish andWildlife Service, Bureau of LandManagement, and Forest Serviceconnected with native plant societymembers and others involved in plantconservation; he and Kathryn Kennedyattended a meeting in Las Vegas withForest Service and BLM botanists atthe regional and Washington, D.C.,level; he also attended a Florida RarePlant Task Force meeting in Miami,where he met with Floridaconservationists including employeesof the Forest Service and the U.S. Fishand Wildlife Service.

Both Rittenhouse and Kennedyexplained the role of CPC in the projectand asked for help from the agencies andother experts to help update Heritageprograms, which provide the nation’sbest conservation databases to supportsustainable resource management.

Reaction to the project was mostlypositive. “The federal agencies seethe need for this project and how itwil l help them in recoveringendangered species,” Rittenhousesaid. In addition, heritage programswelcome the assistance improvingdata used for conservation planning,and other plant conservation partnersare hopeful the study will guideefficient resource use and speedprogress.

CPC staffers speakabout project’s valueto federal agencies

Substancewithstyle

14

LEFT: Found in onlytwo counties inTexas, the HoustonCamphor Daisy(Rayjacksoniaaurea) is a memberof the sunflowerfamily and boast scamphor-scentedflowersBELOW: The Coastrange fawn lily(Erythroniumelegans) issusceptible tohabit at loss andrandom event s.

Aveda’s Earth Month campaignboosts funds for plant sponsorships

endangered plants and promoted therelationship between Aveda and CPC.More than 10,000 flyers were distributedto salons, participating institutions, andother park and agency visitor centers.

The national office staff also assembledand mailed 124 packets containinginformation about CPC to Aveda stores,salons and spas. The stores were encouragedto use the flyers, brochures, newsletters,annual report and fact sheets in their displaysfor Earth Month. As a result during EarthMonth, CPC reached thousands ofcustomers with our message of concern and

Increasingly, businesses aredemonstrating their awareness thatenvironmental stewardship andsustainability are good business as wellas good public policy.

The Aveda Corporation is a leader inintegrating stewardship and sustainabilitythroughout their company. The Center forPlant Conservation was fortunate to be apartner in Aveda’s Earth Month Campaignin 2005. Funds continued to come inuntil year end, and as a result, 17 speciessponsorships were completed at the$10,000 level, and funds for their care willbe provided for 12 institutions nationwide.

This was an exciting boost to oursponsorship program. There are now 220fully sponsored plants out of 622 speciesin the National Collection of EndangeredPlants. Sponsorships produce annual fundsto support conservation work for thesespecies at CPC institutions working withthe species, and related activities at thenational office.

Aveda, a Minnesota-based hair andbody care company, forwarded $107,000to CPC from the campaign. Our fundscame from customer donations, specialevents at spas and retail outlets, andproceeds from sales of Aveda products.CPC was assigned to work with Aveda’sdistributor, Neill Corp, which also has astrong corporate ethic for sustainabilityand stewardship.

The funds matched funds from othersources to complete full sponsorships andcovered minimal national office expensesincurred supporting campaign participants.

CPC spread the word about thispartnership by creating a two-sided flyerthat used images and explanations of

care for our native plants. We suppliedposters and displays for stores and events,slide shows for Aveda outlet staff members,and notecards, T-shirts and books for silentauctions and other events. The national officestaff and several conservation officers alsoworked with local salons and stores in St.Louis during cut-a-thons to tell clients aboutplant conservation and our work.

We extend our thanks to both Aveda andNeill Corp. for their vision and concern.They helped us get an important message toconsumers and raise funds that will benefitplant conservation for many years to come.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006

15

Coast range fawn lily(Erythronium elegans)Berry Botanic Garden

Round-leaf four-o’clock(Oxybaphusrotundifolius) DenverBotanic Gardens

Xylosma crenata Harold L.LyonArboretum

Americanhart’ stonguefern(Phyllitisscolopendriumvar.americanum)HoldenArboretum

Houstoncamphordaisy(Rayjacksoniaaurea)MercerArboretumand Botanic Gardens

Dwarf liau (Wilkesiahobdyi) National TropicalBotanical Garden

Swamp-pink (Heloniusbullata) New YorkBotanical Garden

Cumberland rosemary(Conradina verticillata)North CarolinaArboretum

Awned meadowbeaut y(Rhexia aristosa) NorthCarolina BotanicalGarden

Mount ain sweet pitcher-plant (Sarraceniajonesii) North CarolinaBotanical Garden

Texas ayenia (Ayenialimitaris) San AntonioBotanical Garden

Ma‘o hau hele (Hibiscusbrackenridgeissp.mokuleianus)Waimea ValleyAudubon Center

‘ihi La‘au(Marsilea villosa)Waimea ValleyAudubon CenterDrabaasterophora ssp.asterophora(Lake TahoeDraba)University ofCaliforniaBotanical GardenGreen Mount ainmaidenhair fern

(Adiantumviridimontanum)

New England Wild FlowerSociety

Allegheny monkey-flower(Mimulus ringens var.colophilus) NewEngland Wild FlowerSociety

Showy stickseed(Hackelia venusta)University ofWashington BotanicGardens

Newly sponsored plantsPlants now fully sponsored after CPC received funds fromAveda during Earth Month 2005:

Helonius bullata, also knownas Swamp-pink is now fullysponsored.

Plant sponsorshipsincrease to 224


The number of fully sponsored speciesin the National Collection of EndangeredPlants stands at 224 out of 622.

In addition to the sponsorships fromAveda, other donors fully sponsored 10species by the end of 2005.

The four species from late 2004 in-clude:

Nipomo lupine (Lupinis nipomensis)was completed with a contribution fromthe late Honorable John C. Pritzlaff Jr.

New England boneset (Eupatorium no-vae-anglae) was sponsored by the NewEngland Wild Flower Society.

Texas prairie dawn (Hymenoxys texana)benefited from a coalition of donors fromsouth Texas who gave funds to sponsorthe species at the Mercer Arboretum andBotanic Gardens.

Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum)gained full sponsorship in February of thisyear after the Virginia Native Plant Soci-ety mounted a fall 2004 campaign amongits members to sponsor this species underthe care of the North Carolina BotanicalGarden.

The 2005 species are:Island Barberry (Berberis pinnata ssp.

insularis) gained full sponsorship from theSanta Barbara Garden Club.

The Orono sedge (Carex oronensis) re-ceived full sponsorship from an individualdonor in 2005. It is maintained by the NewEngland Wild Flower Society.

Houston camphor daisy (Rayjacksoniaaurea) gained full sponsorship from donorsin Texas. Mercer Arboretum and BotanicGardens is caretaker of the species.

The Pitcher’s thistle (Cirsium pitcheri)gained full sponsorship from several indi-vidual donors in 2005. Holden Arboretumis caretaker.

The Southern lady’s slipper orchid(Cyprepidium kentuckiense) was partiallysponsored with donations from the VirginiaNative Plant Society. NCBG is caretaker.

Lake Tahoe Draba (Draba asterophoravar. asterophora) gained full sponsorshipfrom the Denver Botanic Gardens in 2005.

If you would like to make a donation tothe endowment, please contact CPCDevelopment Manager Maria Bradford at(314) 577-9457.

16

The threat of non-native invasive spe-cies is getting more attention by the gen-eral public, and CPC was asked to play arole in contributing supplemental infor-mation for a television show.

Viewers of PBS and NationalGeographic’s “Strange Days on PlanetEarth” series learned about the damageinvasive species cause. Actor EdwardNorton narrated and helped produce theseries, which will also look at climatechange, animal predators and water pol-lution.

With the help of Saint Louis Univer-sity doctoral student Keefe Reuther, CPClaunched a web directory of groups de-voted to curbing the spread of invasives.Viewers of the series who went online to

find more information were directed topages that allowed the data seekers tosearch by state or topic for experts andgroups fighting invasives.

The pages also included links to theSaint Louis Declaration that came outof the workshops “Linking Ecology& Horticulture to Prevent Plant Inva-sions” in Chicago and St. Louis. Sup-port from the Missouri Botanical Gar-den made the workshop possible.

The site will remain active and view-ers can see the workshop proceedingsand endorse the codes of conduct.

To learn more, go towww.centerforplantconservation.org/invasives and www.pbs.org/strangedays.

PBS links viewers to webdirectory on invasives

The Nature Conservancy/John Randall

Japanese honeysuckle invades and chokes out native species.

Plant Conservation, Spring 2006

Here is a listing of most of the codesof conduct for the gardening publicagreed upon as part of the St. LouisDeclaration:nAsk for only non-invasive species

when you acquire plants. Plant onlyenvironmentally safe species in yourgardens. Work toward and promotenew landscape design that is friendlyto regional ecosystems.nSeek information on which species

are invasive in your area. Sourcescould include botanical gardens,horticulturists, conservationists, andgovernment agencies. Removeinvasive species from your land andreplace them with non-invasivespecies suited to your site and needs.nDo not trade plants with other

gardeners if you know they arespecies with invasive characteristics.nRequest that botanical gardens

and nurseries promote, display andsell only non-invasive species.nHelp educate your community and

other gardeners in your area throughpersonal contact, and in such settingsas garden clubs and other civicgroups.nInvite speakers knowledgeable on

the invasive species issue to speak togarden clubs, master gardeners,schools and other community groups.nSeek the best information on

control of invasive plant species andorganize neighborhood work groups toremove invasive plant species underthe guidance of knowledgeableprofessionals.nVolunteer at botanical gardens and

natural areas to assist ongoing effortsto diminish the threat of invasiveplants.nParticipate in early warning

systems by reporting invasive speciesyou observe in your area.nAssist garden clubs to create

policies regarding the use of invasivespecies not only in horticulture, but inactivities such as flower shows. Urgeflorists and others to eliminate the useof invasive plant material.

Codes of conduct

Newsuggets

nCPC offers its condolences to thefamily of the Honorable JohnPritzlaf f Jr., who died May 2, 2005,in Santa Barbara, Calif. Mr. Pritzlaffwas a long-time and active supporterof conservation. He is survived by hiswife, Mary Dell Pritzlaff, two daugh-

ters, two sons, two sisters, and severalgrandchildren and great-grandchil-dren. Mr. Pritzlaff had been a formermember of CPC’s Board of Trustees.nThe national office has made

four hires: Paul Groenier joined thestaff as the technical informationcoordinator. Mark F . Barnettjoined the staff in March 2005 ascommunications coordinator. PeggyWilfong has joined the national

office staff as an administrativeassistant. Bruce Rittenhouse servesas the conservation programsmanager. Rittenhouse will act as aliaison between CPC membergardens and federal agencies,oversee future projects, and super-vise management of CPC’s databaseof endangered plants and be respon-sible for CPC’s conservation train-ing programs.

Center for Plant Conservation 2005 FriendsDonations from Jan. 1, 2005 through Dec. 31, 2005

CPC DONOR SOCIETYPresident’s Circle ($5,000

and up)AnonymousMr. and Mrs. William H.T. BushMr. and Mrs. Francis HatchJulia Bissell LeisenringMr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Love Jr.John and Connie McPheetersMr. and Mrs. C.W. Eliot PaineMr. and Mrs. Daniel PierceMr. and Mrs. Geoffrey SeymourMrs. Mary Ann StreeterMr. and Mrs. Hooker Talcott Jr.

Conserving Donors($1,000 - $4,999)Anne Foreman BarnesCharles and Christina BascomMrs. Helen GabrielGarden Club of America

Conservation CommitteeMr. Jonathan B. LoringJanine LukeMrs. Edith N. MeyerMr. and Mrs. Stephen T. B. MillerMr. and Mrs. William Orthwein Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Richard D. PhippenMr. and Mrs. Theodore PockmanMs. Janet Meakin PoorMr. and Mrs. George PutnamDr. and Mrs. Donald SchnellMr. and Mrs. Todd R. SchnuckMs. Jocelyn SladenMrs. Nancy C.H. WinterPreserving Donors($500 - $999)AnonymousMr. and Mrs. Bill Anderson

Dr. Robert BreunigMr. David H. BuchananMrs. Ann CoburnMr. Bert Condie IIIPaul and Barbara CoxMr. Robert R. CullMr. and Mrs. Carl J. DeutschMr. and Mrs. Thom DuncanKathryn and David KennedyMr. and Mrs. Warren B. Lammert Jr.Mrs. Lewis LehrmanMrs. Phebe MinerMr. and Mrs. David O. PhippenMs. Joanna PhippenMr. and Mrs. William V.

Robertson IVMiss Margaret M. SchneiderMr. and Mrs. James WilsonBenefactors($250 - $499)AnonymousMs. Patricia AdamsMrs. Albert H. Barclay Jr.Mr. and Mrs. James BellMrs. George P. Bissell Jr.Mr. Peter P. Blanchard IIIMaria and Gene Dobbs BradfordMrs. Graham M. Brush Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Lalor BurdickMs. Josephine Bradley BushMrs. Clarissa ChandlerMs. Melissa ColbertDr. and Mrs. John ConstableMr. and Mrs. Leo A. DreyMrs. Phil DuryeeMr. and Mrs. David L. FergusonDr. and Mrs. Ira GallMr. Casey GalvinMrs. Nada Granberry

Mrs. Nicholas GrevilleMr. and Mrs. Whitney HatchMr. Dennis LubbsPanagiotis Manginis and Anne

Phippen ManginisDr. and Mrs. Douglas PayneMs. Jackie PooleMs. Ruth SaeckerDr. Edward SchneiderMr. John Smith and Mrs. Jerilyn

Jewett-SmithMr. Peter Sparks and Ms. Clytie

MeadDr. and Mrs. Walter St. GoarDr. and Mrs. George E. StaehleMrs. Natalie StarrMr. and Mrs. Sellers J. Thomas Jr.Marian and William Truslow, Esq.Mr. and Mrs. Robert TschudyMrs. Polly VictorMr. Jeptha WadeCPC FRIENDSSustaining Friends($150 - $249)AnonymousLt. Col. Scott D. AikenMr. and Mrs. Herbert AllardMr. David T. AndersonMrs. Elspeth G. BobbsMs. Valerie BrackettMrs. Andre BrewsterMr. and Mrs. Edwin BriggsMs. Carolyn SummersBrittenham and Mr. David

BrittenhamMiss Dorothy A. BrownMs. Kathleen BurnettMrs. Carleton BurrMr. and Mrs. Walter Cabot

Dr. Philip D. and HeatherBerman Cantino

Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Carr IIIFr. George CarriggRobert and Maureen CatesMrs. Hugh ChathamSusan B. ClarkMrs. Peter GoedeckeMs. Linda GohlkeMr. Alfred GuhlMr. Henry R. HatchDr. Derral HerbstMrs. Jane L. HeywardMs. Shirlee A. HoffmanMr. and Mrs. Richard C. HoltonMrs. Jocelyn HorderMrs. Helen HuberMrs. Margot B. JacobsDr. and Mrs. Jeff JohnsonMr. John W. KourikMr. Edwin KurtzMs. Erica LeisenringMr. Rick LewandowskiDr. and Mrs. Richard C. LightyMs. Sara MauritzMrs. Ruth C. MeadMr. and Mrs. Jerry MelaragnoMr. and Mrs. Bill OxleyMs. Anne W. PateBob and Susan PeckMs. Ellen C. PetersenQuail Hill FoundationElisabeth A. RaleighMs. Carol L. Ross and Mr. Walter

L. MoorheadDr. and Mrs. Moras L. ShubertMs. Suzanna L. SlivkaMr. and Mrs. Jason SpanglerLisa Standley

Mr. Gerard B. TownsendMr. Jeffrey Uhlich and Ms. Janell

EdmanDr. Lisa Wagner and Dr. Timothy

P. SpiraMr. Garrett WebbMrs. B.K. WernerMs. Christina D. WoodMrs. Kenneth R. WoodcockMr. Thomas WoottenMrs. Ann H. YoungMs. Marcia M. ZweigFamily Friends($75 - $149)Anonymous (2)Mr. Ethan D. Alyea Jr.Mr. and Mrs. James M. Barrett IIIMs. Susan BernsteinMr. Edward BlauMr. and Mrs. Robert W. BluckeMrs. Howard M. BoothMr. Victor CassidyMr. and Mrs. J. Martin CarovanoMrs. Margaret L. ChathamDr. Maureen H. ConteMs. Linda S. CutlerMrs. Arabella DaneMr. John E. DodgeMr. Harold M. Draper IIIMr. and Mrs. Lee F. Driscoll Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Donald DuvickDr. and Mrs. Bohdan DziadykMr. Gene FeherKathie R. FlorsheimDr. Harold W. FogleMr. and Mrs. Sam FoxMrs. Nancy S. GayDr. and Mrs. Leslie GottliebDr. Edward O. Guerrant

Mr. Bruce HartDr. Kayri HavensMr. Derral HerbstMr. Thomas G. HerringMr. William C. Hunter and

Mrs. Margaret L. GallagherMr. and Mrs. Fred JanssenMs. Kristina JonesMr. and Mrs. Brooks M. KelleyDr. and Mrs. V.L. KobbMs. Jessie Laurel BenjaminMr. David J. LehleitnerMr. and Mrs. Scott LenharthMs. Barbara LipscombMs. Carol LoefflerMr. Larry LoftisMr. and Mrs. A. Lee Lundy Jr.Dr. Stephanie MayerMr. Dennis McGaldeMr. and Mrs. Gilbert R. MeigsMs. Betty Lou NicolMr. and Mrs. R. Kendall

NottinghamPeter and Mercer O’HaraMr. Michael J. O’NealMr. and Mrs. Robert M. OgdenDr. and Mrs. F. Thomas OttMs. Margaret OvittMs. Anne W. PateMr. and Mrs. Alexander PattersonDr. and Mrs. Arthur Phillips IIIMr. and Mrs. Matthew V. PierceMrs. Richardson Pratt Jr.Ms. Ella H. QuintrellDr. and Mrs. John W. ReynoldsMs. Patricia R. SandaMr. and Mrs. Joseph D. SargentMr. and Mrs. Perry ScottMr. and Mrs. Warren Shapleigh

17

In the last year the Center for PlantConservation has welcomed three newmembers to our board of trustees.

Anne Foreman Barnes is past-presidentof the Cleveland Botanical Garden, andco-chaired the Garden’s recent successfulcapital campaign, which raised more than$50 million to construct the EleanorArmstrong Smith Glasshouse, a new edu-cation wing, expanded library, enhancedvisitor services, expanded gift shop, andunderground parking facility. She serveson the CBG’s board of trustees. An avidgardener herself, she is also a member andpast-president of the Garden Club ofCleveland and is flower arranging judgefor the Garden Club of America.

David DeKing is the vice president forcollaboration and education for theEnvironmental League of Massachusetts, wherehe works with 60 of Massachusett’s nonprofitenvironmental organizations to advance issuesof statewide public policy and advocacy.

In 2005, David retired after 10 years as

Four new members join CPC Board of Trustees

the executive director of the New EnglandWild Flower Society, the nation’s oldest plantconservation organization. David has anMBA in nonprofit and public management.

Ladeen Miller has served on the nationalFinance Committee for the Garden Club ofAmerica, been a consultant on geneticallymodified organisms for GCA’s conservationcommittee, and vice chair of the NationalAffairs and Legislative Committee. She livesin Santa Barbara, Calif., where she is the pastco-chair of the Board of Directors of the SantaBarbara Botanical Garden.

Dr. Frank Thibodeau co-founded CPCand developed it for five years after finish-ing his Ph.D. from Tufts University in 1981.He then attended Stanford Business Schooland has been active in Silicon Valley as start-up CEO, venture capitalist and adviser totechnology-based businesses. His businessventures have included Geobiotics, a bio-technology company; Worldpages.com;and Zona Research, a noted Internet mar-ket analysis firm. He rejoined CPC in late2005 as a trustee. He lives in California withhis son, Luc, and Braeburn, a black lab.

Miller ThibodeauBarnes DeKing



Mr. and Mrs. Jonathan A. ShawMrs. Jeanne O. ShieldsMs. Teresa SteerMr. and Mrs. Bret SteinerMr. David StoneMrs. Anne P. StrainMrs. Donald StrausMr. and Mrs. Robert G. TateMs. Melinda J. TaylorPatti Thompson and John E.

EllenbergerMr. and Mrs. W. Michael

Thompson Jr.Mrs. William Van CleveMr. Rolla WilhiteMs. Selma WilliamsonMs. Elizabeth H. WrightGeorge and Kay YatskievychMs. Patricia ZieglerFriends ($35 - $74)Anonymous (11)Mrs. Cynthia H. AffleckMs. Kathleen Ahlenslager and

Mr. Chris O. LoggersMs. Katherine M. AlericMr. and Mrs. Charles Ames Jr.David T. AndersonTimothy W. AthanMr. Harold L. BakerDr. John S. BakerMr. J. David BambergerDr. and Mrs. Burton BarnesEllen O. BenderMr. David C. BerkshireMr. John D. BirkhoffMrs. Robert L. Black Jr.Ms. Elizabeth B. BordenMr. Michael BostwickMr. Burton BoxenhornMs. Kathy BoyleMrs. Mackintosh BrownSylvia K. BrownMr. Frank A. BuccelloMr. and Mrs. Richard C. BullMs. Rachel CameronMr. William R. CarrMs. Lilian ChanceMr. Robert ClearwaterMr. Gerald CliftonMs. Jane S. CoddingtonMs. Kim CoffeyConnecticut College ArboretumMr. and Mrs. Robert W. CoughlinMs. Nancy CoutantMs. Irene CrosbyMs. Linda F. CumminMs. Helen DamonMs. Frances T. DeLamaterMr. Charles Frederick DenekeMs. C.M. DerouinMs. Carol S. DesmondDr. and Mrs. H. Lenox DickMr. Robert DillerMr. and Mrs. Michael J.

DonoghueMs. Carla DowbenMs. Christine DuddingMs. Ann EarleyMr. and Mrs. Ralph P. Engle Jr.Ms. Phyllis M. FaberMs. Constance FelderMs. Mychelline A. FiadhiglasMr. Melvin Fine and

Ms. Peg PetersonMs. Mary Fleming FinlayMs. Trish FlasterMrs. George B. Foote Jr.Mr. George GannDr. Harold W. GardnerMs. Valerie Geertson-RayMr. and Mrs. Brian GeonDr. Richard GoodwinMrs. Susan F. Gordon

Ms. Joanne GranzowMr. Matt GrayMr. and Mrs. Richard L. GreavesMs. Sara GroenendykeMr. Thomas L. GuthrieRev. Michael HagebuschDr. William Hahn and

Ms. Francesca T. GrifoMrs. Karen S. HallerClement Hamilton, Ph.D.Ms. Kathy HammerDr. James L. HamrickAlma Hanson, Ph.D.Mr. and Mrs. Laurin H. HealyDr. Alice A. HeikensMrs. Benjamin HillMr. Daniel A. HillMs. Nelda HinckleyMr. and Mrs. Mike HubbardDr. Cynthia HuebnerMrs. Harry HullMs. Erica J. HulstromCarol F. HutchinsMs. Kendra HutchinsMrs. Marshall JeanesMrs. Niels W. JohnsenDr. and Mrs. Ralph JohnsonMr. John KarelMs. Linda S. KeenanMs. Ellen P. KelleyMs. Ruth KennesonDr. Loraine U. KohornSarada KrishnanMs. Cerina K. LamarMr. R. Willis LeithMs. Barbara LeoneMrs. Katherine M. LepisMs. Mary Hope LewisMr. Larry LoftisDr. and Mrs. Eric LopatinMrs. Charles LymanMs. Faith MagounMr. Geo MahlerMr. and Mrs. Joe MaierhauserDr. Eugene I. MajerowiczMs. Rachelle MalloneeMrs. James R. MalmCindy MarshallMs. Penny A. McCordMs. J. Barkha McDermithMr. and Mrs. Harold R. McEuenDr. M. McKernanMrs. William McLeanMs. Nancy McReelMrs. Karen MeldrumMr. and Mrs. Milton E. MillMs. Barbara Millen and

Mr. Markly H. BoyerDr. N.D. MillerMr. and Mrs. Robert W. MoodyDr. Larry R. MorrisonDr. Richard H. MunsonMr. and Mrs. Andrew J. NeillMs. Leslee Newton-ReedMs. Diana NiskernMr. David PaddockMrs. Christine B. PalmerMr. Ronald W. PalmquistMs. Mary Thorpe ParkerMr. and Mrs. Tom PeneMr. and Mrs. Perry PeskinMs. Marjorie A. PittsMs. Elizabeth B. PorterMs. Annemarie PostMr. and Mrs. R. Case PrimeMs. Sarah Ann ReathMs. Mary RimmerMr. Bruce H. RittenhouseMs. Catherine F. RobertsMr. James RobinsonMs. Patricia P. RoseMr. Jay H. RossMr. Michael Saganich

Mr. Bernie SchiffDr. and Mrs. George SchnackMr. David SchwaeglerMr. Peter J. SchweinsbergMr. Thomas SeilerMrs. Mary SerbiDr. and Mrs. Moras ShubertMs. Cynthia M. Skarolid-SmithDr. James P. Smith Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Richey SmithEllen SousaMr. Charles SpencerMr. and Mrs. Guy SternbergDr. I. Jack StoutMr. Joe StrauchMs. Paula StuartRev. James M. Sullivan Dr. Jo Betty SwerdlowMr. Jeffrey TepperDr. Robert ThorneMs. M. Jane TothMrs. Ranae M. TraversMs. Peggy A. TurnerMs. Suzanne TuttleMr. Nathan T. VickMr. Thomas C. VogelsangMs. Cayci VuksanovichMs. Ruth H. WadlingtonMrs. Mary M. WalkerMr. Russell WaltonMr. Paul R. WeissichMs. Jennifer WhippleMs. Cathy A. WhiteMs. Ayn B. WhytemareMs. Sally WilliamsMr. Doug WillisMs. Linda J. WilsonDr. Carla A. WiseMr. Paul WrightMrs. Ann YoungMr. Stephen YoungTribute DonationsIn Honor of Winston and

Jackie Miller’s 50th

Wedding AnniversaryNada H. GranberryIn Honor of Melvin SmithNada H. GranberryIn Honor of Shirlee HoffmanMrs. Robin HoffmanIn Honor of MattMs. Hannah LoveIn Memory of Delores (Mitzi)

JohnsonNada H. GranberryIn Memory of Margaret Dole

RustKBR FoundationIn Kind DonationsMs. Denise C. Wilson

GARDEN CLUBSOCIETYPreserving FriendsGarden Club of AmericaConserving FriendsBeacon Hill Garden ClubBenefactorsGarden Club of ClevelandLake Minnetonka Garden ClubSustaining FriendsJupiter Island Garden ClubNorth Country Garden Club ofLong IslandNoanett Garden ClubFamily FriendsFort Orange Garden ClubThe Garden Club of BarringtonGarden Club of Buzzard’s BayGarden Club of HonoluluGarden Club of MichiganGarden Club of PrincetonGarden Study Club of New

Orleans

Green Tree Garden Clubof Milwaukee

HortulusLittle Compton Garden ClubMilton Garden ClubRye Garden ClubThree Harbors Garden ClubFriendsAkron Garden ClubShort Hills Garden ClubGarden Club of DublinGarden Club of Irvington-

On-HudsonGuilford Garden ClubTwin City Garden ClubOtherNorth Shore Garden ClubMatching GiftsAndrew W. Mellon

FoundationExxonMobilNathaniel P. and Elizabeth

Stevens FoundationQuaker Hill Foundation

FOUNDATIONGRANTS AND AWARDSDorrance Family

FoundationCaleb C. and Julia W. Dula

FoundationHelen Clay Frick

FoundationThe Henry Luce FoundationThe National Fish &

Wildlife Foundation

Plant Sponsorship GiftsBerberis pinnata ssp. insularis

(Island Barberry)Santa Barbara Garden ClubCarex oronensis (Orono sedge)Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Tynan – In

honor of Mary McGuire’s99th Birthday

Cirsium pitcheri (Pitcher’sthistle)

Mr. and Mrs. William BarnesMr. and Mrs. William H.T. BushMrs. Ann CoburnMr. and Mrs. Richard DaleyDr. Kathryn L. KennedyMr. and Mrs. Edward LeiseringDr. and Mrs. Richard LightyMr. Jonathan LoringMr. and Mrs. Andrew S. Love Jr.Mr. and Mrs. John McPheetersMr. and Mrs. Stephen T.B. MillerMrs. Janet Meakin PoorDr. Edward SchneiderMr. and Mrs. Goeffrey SeymourMrs. Jocelyn SladenMr. and Mrs. Hooker Talcott Jr.William Truslow, Esq.Dr. Peter S. WhiteCyprepidium kentuckiense

(southern Lady’s SlipperOrchid)

Virginia Native Plant SocietyDraba asterophora var.

asterophora (Lake TahoeDraba)

Denver Botanic GardensPtilimnium nodosum

(Harperella)Virginia Native Plant SocietyRayjacksonia aurea

(Houston camphordaisy)

Ms. Suzzanne Chapman, inHonor of Blanca and WilliamOthon

Greg and Kay CrouchLakewood Forest Garden Club

Anita Tiller, In Memory of MichaelM. Tiller

Eupatorium novae-angliae(New England boneset)

New England Wild FlowerSociety - In honor ofDavid DeKing

Combined FederalCampaignSpecial thanks to the donorswho gave to CPC throughthe 2004-05 CombinedFederal Campaign.

AVEDACPC was proud to be a 2005Aveda Earth Month Partner.Our thanks go to thefollowing Aveda salons, storesand customers for theirgenerous contributions toCPC.

AvedaThe Neill Corp.AnonymousA Beauty ShoppeMs. Anne Penman AguilarMs. Terri L. AlbertsonAlex Inc.Andy’s ProfessionalMs. Kelly AnfusoAnimal Rehabilitation Center

Inc.Ms. Gloria AnthonyMs. Monica Lorraine ArnoldArtistic Salon SpaMs. J. Beth AsherMs. Georgeann G. AtchesonAvalon InternationalMs. Cheryl D. BabcockMs. Mary Beth BabcockMs. Sue BagzisMS. D.G. BaileyMs. Bonnie J. BakerBangz SalonMs. Jean A. BarnesMs. Elizabeth BarreraMs. Kathy L. BattagliaAdrian D. BeatyBeauty Basics Inc.Beauty Indulgence Day Spa &

SalonBelleza Salon and Day SpaMs. Randi A. BerardiMs. Cynthia A. BillingsleyMrs. Anna R. BlackMs. Rhonda S. BlakeMs. Sandee H. BlankenshipMs. Tara A. BlowMs. Candace E. BoatwrightMs. Vicki BogartMs. Yvonne K. BookerMs. Diana R. BordenMs. Deanna BostonMs. Bethany A. BowmanMs. Brandee Machelle BrawnerMs. Jennifer R. BrennanMrs. Jennifer BradyBradz Salons and SpasMs. Lorie R. BrinegarMs. Beth BroadwellMs. Amber Dawn BrownMs. Cynthia M. BrownMs. Nancy C. BrownStephanie L. BrownMs. Amy L. BruzzoneMs. Terrie C. BryanMs. Katrina M. BurksMs. Katherine P. BurnsMs. Selena E. BurnsBurt Grant SalonMs. Patricia L. ButlerMs. Diana H. Callaway

Ms. Lynn CameronMs. Lauren A. CarlsonCarmen! Carmen! SalonMs. Sandra Taylor CasheCastle Spies PartnershipMs. Aimee CaverlyMs. Stormy Jo ChamberlainMs. Lashonda C. ChatmanChez RitzMs. Sharon CoadMs. Jan H. ColganMr. Bradley J. CollinsMs. Chanda ConawayMs. Julia CookMs. Elizabeth CooperMs. Jennifer CothamMs. Kimberly CoyMs. Karole S. CozbyMs. Leyla M. CreekmoreMs. Ashley F. CribbMs. Eileen M. CronleyMs. Ann E. CulpMs. Tammy DaileyDantera Salon & Day SpaMs. Debbra DarbonneMs. Rosa DarqueaMs. Jennifer L. DavisMs. Tammy G. DawkinsMr. Michael W. DeedsMrs. Karen DerksenMs. Jerri S. DevaultDionysus SalonMs. Donna C. DixonMs. Rebecca A. DonnellyMs. Samantha L. DonnerDr. David B. DonovanMs. Becky DornMs. Kerri E. DoscherMs. Nikki DotsonDoug’s 2 Salon-SpaMs. Jennifer R. DowdMs. Pearl M. DrenckpohlMs. Karen Bates DurovichDylan Brooke’s SalonMr. Jamie EarleEcoPhonesEden Day Spa & SalonMs. Krystall EdwardsMr. William E. Edwards Jr.Ms. Ann T. EggebrechtMs. Paula L. EhrenEkklesia SalonMs. Shona M. ErlenmeyerMs. Kym R. ErlerEssentials Salon & Day SpaMs. DeAnn N. EubanksMs. Carey M. FaramelliMs. Jennifer J. FernandezMs. Kim E. FerrickMr. R. Todd FisherMs. Kathryn FletcherMs. Lisa M. FrancisMs. Beverly FranklinMs. Jodie FranksMs. Virginia FrenchMs. Lisa J. FritschleGarbo A SalonMs. Sandra K. GarrettMs. Lisa M. GarzaMs. Lisa R. GeorgeGeorgia Perimeter CollegeMs. Kerri A. GingerichMs. Alma P. GloriaJami M. Gomarko D.C.Ms. Jennifer S. Schertzing

GormleyMs. Emily B. GrahamMs. Diana M. GrangerMs. Donna C. GrassMs. Jennifer S. GravesMs. Ellen GreenGreen Mountain Energy Co.Ms. Kathryn A. Grier


Give the gift that keeps on growing!The Center for Plant Conservation’s efforts are made possible

by the Friends of CPC. All Friends receive a complimentary sub-scription to CPC’s newsletter, Plant Conservation. Friends also re-ceive our Friends benefits, with distinctive botanical illustrationsof the imperiled plants that your gifts support. The benefits feature

artwork by botanical illustrator Bobbi Angell.Please use the form below either to renew your support or

enroll as a new Friend. Your gift will contribute in an im-portant way to the vital work of saving America’s mostimperiled plants.

q $35...........Friendsq $75...........Family Friendsq $150.........Sustaining Friendsq $250.........Benefactorsq $500........Preserving Donorsq $1,000.....Conserving Donorsq $5,000.... .President’s Circle Donors

q This is a gift membership for a new Friend.(Please list name, address and phone number of re-cipient on the form at right.)

q Enclosed is my check for $ _______________

Please send this completed form and payment in enclosed envelope,or mail this form to: Center for Plant Conservation, P.O. Box 299, St.Louis, MO 63166

Ms. Courtney T. GriffinMs. Renny A. GriffinMs. Celeste GruhinMs. Ebony S. HaglerMs. Lori HallMs. Carol HamHands of Gold Massage TherapyMs. Elizabeth E. HardinHarmony SalonMs. Alnita B. HarrisonMs. Brenda L. HartMs. Janice B. HartnessMs. Emily HayesMs. Helen E. Hawkins-SmithMs. Melinda S. HeathMs. Kathleen A. HenneberryMs. Maria HernandezMs. Rebecca R. HickmanMs. Laurie E. HicksMr. Les HillMs. Mary Lusan HillMs. Suzanne J. HollingsworthMr. John HollisterMs. Deborah L. HoneycuttMr. James Joseph HorriganMs. Beth HowlesHsin-Yeh HsiehMs. Sherry R. HufhamMrs. Martha S. HuntMs. Cynthia S. HurstMs. Marilyn IhloffIhloff Salon & Day SpaIn Sync Corp.Ms. Nina M. IrwinIt’s All About You SalonIvy Salon & SpaMs. Becky JacksonMs. Gail JacksonMs. Kennetha D. JacksonJackson Ruiz SalonMs. Deborah S. JarrettMs. Lisa JenkinsMs. Yolanda L. JesseMs. Tammy B. JohnsonMs. Catrina Joy JohnstonThe Jonas CorporationMs. Charlotte A. JonesMs. Emily R. Jones

Ms. Jessica JonesMS. Stephanie JonesMs. Marilyn JordanMs. Nancy JoseJoseph & FriendsMs. Deborah JoyMs. Jennifer KaminskiP. KaurMs. Lisa M. KeelerMs. Ann KeilMr. Dustin J. KellyMs. Pamela O. KellyMs. Regina KelsoDr. Kathryn L. KennedyMs. Donna L. KerrMs. Allison W. KinnarneyKleen Sweep Residential and

CommercialMs. Michele KlingMs. Michelle KnijnenburgMr. Carl Alan KoganJaime La FuenteMs. Alison R. LamoreMs. Wendy LandesMs. Patricia R. LanningMs. Tiffany LanpherMs. Misty Ann LaraMs. Ellen M. LaveyLee LawsonMs. Rebecca K. LayneMs. Andrea L. LesterMr. Andrew J. LevinsonMs. Joanne R. LewisMs. Kimberly A. LewisMs. Lisa R. LilesMs. Molly W. LloydMs. Cristina R. LopezMs. Raewyn Leigh LoweMr. Scot LujanMs. Allison K. MaddoxMaren Karsen Salon Inc.Ms. April S. MarrsMs. Amanda MarshallMs. Jessica R. MasonMs. Tonya B. MasonMs. Angela M. MassengillMs. B. Chantal MathewsMs. Andrea L. Matthews

Maximum FXMs. Janet McCarthyMs. Susan L. McConnellMs. Veronica McCoyMs. Kelly G. McClureMs. Jennifer C. McDonaldMs. Gay L. McFarlandMs. Kathryn L. McKeenMs. Sarah McKennaMs. Michele McMillenMs. Cheri A. MelfiMs. Karen E. MessengerMs. Julie E. MeyerMs. Dianne MeyrMs. Steela Jo MiccoMs. Connie MillMs. Susan S. MillerModern Salon Inc.Ms. Vicki S. MonteleoneMs. Diana G. MorrisMr. G. Scott MorrisMs. Amy MotaMs. Karen E. MullerMs. Andrea M. MurdockMs. Mary Kate MurphyMs. Jennifer L. MyrickNatural Alternative Spa & SalonNatural BlissNature’s Way Day Spa & SalonNeil’s Hair NowNew Attitude Salon & SpaMs. Amie C. NguyenMs. Annetta M. NickersonMr. Michael J. Nix-TiptonNoelyne Ltd.Ms. Donna M. NolteMs. Vicki S. NormanMs. Patricia A. NovelliMs. Bridget O’MalleyMs. Shannon M. O’NeillMs. Laris OlinghouseMs. Ruthy OlinghouseMs. Nancy Sutherland OlmiMs. Elizabeth OrrThe Parasol Hair StudioMs. Paula S. ParrisMs. Julie Ann ParrishMr. David E. Patterson III

Mr. Michael R. PattonMs. Heidi K. PaulsenMr. Tim J. PaynePeles SalonMs. Kimberly PerdueMs. G. Diane PetermanMs. J. Claire Cannon PhillipsMs. Stephanie B. PhillipsMs. Laura PittmanMs. Cynthia J. PlanconMs. Sharon K. Orr PolovnyMs. Lisa M. PorterMs. Anupama PothurajuMs. Rhonda PotterMs. Alyce E. PowellMs. Katie C. PowellMs. Jennifer PrengerMs. Kelly RandlesMs. Connie C. RasberryMr. Derek C. ReavisRed Jasper SpaMs. Irene RegisterMs. Erin M. ReiserMr. Jimmy G. RheaMs. Mary RhodesRichard Joseph Salon Group Inc.Ms. Alicia RichardsonMs. Avelina RivasMs. Lauren N. RobillardMs. Amanda RobisonMs. Marsha RodgersMr. William Edward RomeroMs. Julie RomineAzarm RouhaniMs. Lauren E. RoyC.M. RuckerMs. Theresa W. RuhlmanMs. Lynn Barrett RuthThe Salon at Park WestSalon Marchi Day SpaSalon ModaSalon Phifer Inc.Salon VenessaSalon VisageMs. Monica A. SanchezMs. Denise E. SaundersMs. Gaye Schaff-TomkoMs. Rebecca C. Shaffer

Ms. Marcia SchlesserMs. Pamela S. SchmuckMs. Denise O. SchodowskiMs. Micki R. SchragMr. Jason P. ScogginScott Whitney SalonMs. Stephanie R. SeehausenSerenity Day Spa/SalonMs. Anna M. SextonMs. Melissa ShafferMs. Susan M. SharrowMs. Janice SheftelMs. M. Elizabeth SherleyMr. Tony W. Sherrill Jr.Ms. Janie L. ShivarMs. Katherine SiegelMs. Beverly R. SimmonMs. Emily E. SmithMs. Rachael SmithMs. Jennifer J. SnivelySorella’s Salon & SpaMs. Jennifer M. SorensonMs. Amy B. SpencerMs. Kimberly SpitzMs. Marie A. St. HilaireMs. Rebecca W. StewartMs. Lucinda M. StocksMs. Amy R. StricklandMs. Gisele C. StricklandMs. Mary E. SurfaceSuzan Charles SalonsShawn SweetMs. Monica B. SwyersMs. Vicky SzempleTangerineMs. Melinda J. TaylorMs. Annie K. ThompsonMr. Stephen R. ThompsonMs. Jamila A. TillmanTillman SalonMs. Stacy F. TindleMs. Angela T. TongMs. Crystal TrahanMs. Brooke E. TriplettTrue SalonJulie Runge TsikourasMs. Anne L. TuleyMs. Brooke S. Turner

Mr. Carson Lindsey TurnerMs. Julie K. UnderwoodMr. Kent Van BuskirkMs. Katie Van SlotenMr. Alejandro ValentinMs. Nilda ValleVan Michael Total Body SalonVanason’s Inc.Vanity Salon & Day SpaMs. Carol VargoMs. Heather L. VarnerMrs. Shawna VasilkoMs. Charlene VenhuizenMs. Erin M. VernonMs. Sheri W. VerroiVM Management Inc.Von Kekel Salon SpaMs. V. Christine WaggonerMs. Patsy WakefieldMs. Amanda WalkerMs. Leslie H. WallaceMs. Joan B. WallickMs. Judith L. WallingMs. Mercedes R. WarrenMs. Jane G. WatsonMs. Jill WattsMs. Tammy WhitneyMs. Norma WhittMs. Joyce Y. WhittakerMs. Lisel A. WhittakerWildflower SalonWildflower Salon & SpaMs. Kathy L. WilliamsMs. Susan C. WillisMs. Deborah K. WilsonMs. Jennifer P. WilsonWisteria Salon & SpaMs. Laura C. WoodMs. Marci L. WoodMs. Faye A. WoodallThe Works SalonMs. Maia WorleyWorx SalonMs. Lilian YelamoMs. Mary M. YoungMs. Lori Michelle ZanninoMs. Kelly R. ZarwellMs. Joanna Zikos

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Plant Profile: Baker’s LarkspurIf native flowers were given medals for

valor for their survival in the midst of tur-moil like soldiers, then Baker’s Larkspur(Delphinium bakeri) would be one ofCalifornia’s most decorated native plants.

A member of the Buttercup family,Baker’s Larkspur has survived fire, mow-ing, animal grazing, invasives, over-col-lecting, and, most recently, work by road-side crews. But like the veterans of WorldWar II, not many are left standing.

It was once more common in the coastalarea, north in Sonoma County, but has beenlost in all previous areas by the conversionof land for agricultural purposes.

The annual can grow up to 2 feet talland features deep blue flowers in thespring. It grows on thin soil over decom-posing shale, typically on a north-fac-ing, rocky slope. The only known popu-lation in the wild was down to just 50plants when Marin County workers useda backhoe to unplug a roadside drain andthen scraped soil containing the largestremaining plants from the bank in Octo-

ber 2004. Only seven plants remainedat the site in spring 2006. One ex situpopulation is growing at the Universityof California Botanical Garden at Ber-keley and another at Regional ParksBotanic Garden, also in Berkeley.

Plants can be easily grown in cultiva-tion. They need pollination by bumblebeesand hummingbirds in the wild.

Baker’s Larkspur is maintained in theNational Collection of Endangered Plantsby the University of California BotanicalGarden. A recovery management plan isbeing developed and seed collection of agenetically representative sample hasbeen in development for long-term stor-age since 2001. These seeds will now beused in efforts to create new populations.

Dr. James Koontz of Augustana Col-lege in Rock Island, Ill., and HollyForbes at Berkeley are studying the ge-netic variability within the population sothey can guide the development of rein-troduction efforts. Part of the funding forthis research has come from the Genetic

Baker ’s Larkspur is notsponsored. T o sponsor or helpsponsor this plant, please cont actCPC at (314) 577-9540 [email protected]

Resources Group at the University ofCalifornia-Davis, the UC BotanicalGarden and by the U.S. Fish & Wild-life Service.

P.O. Box 299

St. Louis, MO 63166-0299

Center for

Address Service Requested

Conservation

Nonprofit Org.U.S. Postage

P A I DSt. Louis, MO

Permit No. 1039


Noteworthy___

The Quarterly Review of Biologyrecently published a review of “ExSitu Plant Conservation:Supporting S pecies Survival inthe Wild.”

Garrison Wilkes, the author ofthe review and a professor ofbiology at the University ofMassachusetts, wrote that the CPCbook “presents the most matureand complete coverage of ex situconservation for wild plants. Thisvolume is a job well done.”

Copies can be ordered at our Website and clicking on publications.

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One of CPC’s participatinginstitutions underwent an identityunification instead of a crisis.

The University of WashingtonBotanic Gardens is the new name for

the more than 320 acres of woodlandsand gardens, herbarium, educationalbranch and research centers in Seattle.The gardens include Washington ParkArboretum, Center for UrbanHorticulture (CPC’s participatinginstitution), Elisabeth C. MillerLibrary, Otis Hyde Herbarium andUnion Bay Natural Area, all of whichretain their individual names.

The name change reflects thedesire to unify the diverse elementsthat represent one of the West Coast’slargest horticultural institutions.

“The new designationrecognizes the conservation,research and educational outreachunder way here, as well as thedisplay of plants,” new directorDavid Mabberley said in a newsrelease.

Whatever name they use, theUniversity of Washington Botanic

Spring 2006 Plant Conservation Newsletter

Documents

Transcript of Spring 2006 Plant Conservation Newsletter