SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM

BIG IDEAS: DIFFERENT FORMS OF PROTESTANTISM EMERGES.

Section 12.4

Divisions in Protestantism• Peace of Augsburg -Christian unity lost. Next divisions in

protestant faith.• Zwinglian Reformation Ulrich Zwingli-priest in Zurich

council of Zurich- religious reforms. No relics/images-white walls only service -scripture reading, prayer, & sermons

Joined forces with Martin Luther Catholics vs. Protestants =war

Zwingli –killed Protestant leader in Switzerland became -

John Calvin.

John Calvin • French Priest, became

protestant leader• Doctrines

– Justification by faith – Nature of God all powerful– Predestination-(predetermined saved &

damned )– Strict moral discipline (no dancing,

singing, swearing, & playing cards)

• The Consistory-enforced protestant Doctrines. – In Geneva – God’s “Chosen people”-spread faith

Church of EnglandPolitical Reasons (Quest for Son)

• 1527= Henry VIII - King of England-wants a son• 1st wife Catherine of Aragon-Daughter (Mary

Tudor)• Henry wanted annulment- to marry Anne Bolyn

(2nd wife)– Pope says “no”/ English church court says”

yes”• Marries Anne=baby girl (Elizabeth I)

– 1534 breaks from Catholic church• Creates Church of England- Henry Leader

(Act of Supremacy) – Thomas Moore (Christian Humanist)

did not agree -beheaded.

Mary Tudor • Henry VIII dies• Edward (king)-keeps Church of England-

dies at 16• Mary Tudor –Queen (aka Bloody Mary)

– Pushes Catholic faith– persecuted Protestants( 300 burned)– Hates Elizabeth (1/2 sister &Protestant)

• Mary dies=Elizabeth I (Queen)– Protestant– Compromise Catholics & Protestant – Reforms Church of England

Mary Tudor

Elizabeth

Reformation Spreads

• Anabaptist- radical group (Quakers, Mennonites, Amish)

- ideas= 1. adult baptism-all equal –(all could be ministers

or spiritual leaders-no usually women) 2. religious toleration-but persecuted by Catholics

& Protestants 3. separation church & state

Reformation and Society• During reformation lives women &Jewish people did not

improve.– Women &Family

• Protestants – family center of life. – women obedient & bear children.

– Anti-Semitism• Martin Luther expected Jews to convert to

Lutheranism-they resisted–synagogues & houses destroyed. –segregated ghettos.

– Witch hunts- Agents of Devil (poor, beggars, widows, midwives)

Catholic Reformation• 3 pillars; Jesuits, reform of papacy, Council of Trent• Jesuits

– Loyal to pope– Intelligent-education to spread message

• Pope Paul III- stop corruption in church • Council of Trent

– Faith & good works =salvation – 7 sacraments (kept Eucharist & celibate

clergy)– Kept idea of purgatory & indulgences(couldn’t

sell)

Section 4 Review• His Consistory punished people who

misbehaved, oversaw Genevans’ moral life and doctrinal purity, and operated as a court.

• Calvin• The belief that God determined in advance

who would be saved• Predestination• He dissolved Catholic monasteries, had

Thomas More beheaded, and had his marriage to Catherine ruled “null and void.”

• King Henry VIII

Section 4 Review• The damned• The reprobate• Believed the church and state should be

separate.• Anabaptists• Meetings that reaffirmed Catholic teachings• The Council of Trent• He believed in the “eternal decree” of an all-

powerful God.• John Calvin

Section 4 Review• Believers in adult baptism• Anabaptists• They believed they were doing God’s work,

they were determined to spread their faith to other people?

• Calvinists• Declared a marriage invalid• Annul