SPR READING OF LUKE-ACTS:

TRANSFORMATIONAL STEWARDSHIP STUDY FOR LOCAL CHURCHES

A dissertation by

Stephen Eunsang Moon

presented to

The Faculty of the

American Baptist Seminary of the West

in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree of

Doctor of Ministry

Berkeley, California

February 2013

Committee Signatures

i

ABSTRACT

SPR READING OF LUKE-ACTS: TRANSFORMATIONAL STEWARDSHIP STUDY FOR LOCAL CHURCHES

Stephen Eunsang Moon

In the Pentateuch, we find a unique theological principle called Separation,

Placement and Rest (SPR). This cycle is presented in the context of God’s

Creation//Exodus dynamic activity. SPR is the major operating theology of the Old and

New Testaments. SPR may also serve as an important strategy to enhance stewardship

training in local churches. Churches have not yet developed proper theological strategies

for encouraging faithful stewardship. Stewardship is, nevertheless, an integral part of

Christian discipleship and originated from the very beginning of God’s creation. In this

postmodern age, churches face many challenges in pursuing God’s will. Churches need to

utilize innovative strategies now more than ever to raise strong disciples who can

faithfully fulfill God’s ongoing salvation creation-redemption work in Jesus Christ.

As clearly stated in the parables of Jesus and world mission narratives in Luke-

Acts, stewardship comprises a major aspect of discipleship; most Christians, however, are

not fully informed of its impact in Christian life. Due to the absence of proper study, few

pastors and church leaders are comfortable with teaching stewardship in their

congregations. As a result, they struggle with their financial matters. The reasons behind

this problem are that churches do not have essential resources and strategies for providing

stewardship education in pursuit of their goal of converting followers of Jesus into

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disciples. Also they may misunderstand or resist the idea of tithing, which is also an

integral part of spiritual discipline.

SPR deals directly and interactively with God’s ongoing Creation//Exodus

dynamics in our lives. The principles of SPR guide us by means of God’s agenda rather

than our own. Thus we find ourselves in an ongoing dialogue and deeper relationship

with God. SPR transforms ordinary questions into SPR questions, such as, “Am I holy?”;

“Where is my place in the Scriptures?”; “Do I have a rest in God?”; and/or “What shall I

do? (τί ποιήσω).” All these questions are subjective actions that can be applied to the

“Separation-Placement-Rest” equation formula in the dynamics of God’s “Creation and

Exodus”: SPRx=C//E. The SPR Bible study of Luke-Acts is a unique paradigm for

stewardship, and will benefit church missions and revivals.

SPR stewardship goes back to God’s original purpose for the creation of man. By

studying it, people can become extraordinary, transformational stewards who serve God

by pursuing His missions. The challenges in our lives will be resolved and transformed

into opportunities if we are able to apply SPR in our lives. Because SPR requires a

constant dialogue with God, whoever applies SPR in his or her life will eventually

become a faithful steward of Jesus Christ. The SPR reading of Luke-Acts in light of

stewardship of churches will encourage and challenge Christian leaders to have useful

strategies in their process of planting and managing the house of God, especially in our

times of financial and spiritual uncertainty.

Eun Suk Cho, Ph.D., Coordinator _______________________________

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I would like to thank God for changing my life to live as a born-again

Christian, through the work of the Holy Spirit and the redemptive power of Jesus Christ. I

want to thank my parents, my wife, my two children, and all my friends and family.

I am thankful to San Francisco Theological Seminary, where I received my

foundational knowledge in theology, to Golden Gate Presbyterian Church, where I was

trained for ministry, and to American Baptist Seminary of the West, where I met great

leaders.

I am thankful to my mentor, Rev. Dr. James Chuck, my two good friends, Rev.

Jeff Chapman of Faith Presbyterian Church, and Rev. Dr. Ken Winter of Auburn

Presbyterian Church for their great advice and support for the doctoral project.

I am thankful to the Christian and Missionary Alliance, where I was ordained and

where I received financial and prayer support for the next generation ministry. I

especially want to thank my coach and mentor, Rev. Dr. O’B O’Brien, who is currently

serving as a missionary in Cambodia.

Last but not least, I am most thankful to Rev. Dr. Eun Suk Cho, who is my pastor,

brother, mentor and advisor, for his unselfish, unending support and prayers for me and

my family.

I thank and love Jesus who is my everything!

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ABBREVIATIONS

AB Anchor Bible ABD Anchor Bible Dictionary AJT Asia Journal of Theology ATI American Theological Inquiry AMP Amplified Bible BBR Bulletin for Biblical Research BS Bibliotheca Sacra CBC Christ in the Bible: Commentary CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CGR Conrad Grebel Review CTM Currents in Theology and Mission CTR Criswell Theological Review EQ Evangelical Quarterly IBC Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JPT Journal of Psychology and Theology JRT Journal of Religious Thought JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament NICNT New International Commentary on the New Testament NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary NIV New International Version NKJV New King James Version NRSV New Revised Standard Version PRS Perspectives in Religious Studies RSV Revised Standard Version SBJT Southern Baptist Journal of Theology SBL Society of Biblical Literature SCJ Studies in Christianity and Judaism SJT Southwestern Journal of Theology TB Tyndale Bulletin TJ Trinity Journal TJT Toronto Journal of Theology TNTC Tyndale New Testament Commentaries WTJ Westminster Theological Journal WW Word & World

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………….... i Acknowledgments ……………………………………………………………….…... iii Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………….…….. iv Index of Graphics ………………………………………………………………….… vi Chapter 1: Introduction ………………………………………….………….….... 1 Chapter 2: The Biblical and Historical Background of Stewardship ……..…….. 21 Chapter 3: Development of SPR Methodology ……………………...……..…… 71 Chapter 4: Luke’s Theology and Hermeneutical Methods of Parables ….............. 83 Chapter 5: Exegesis and Theological Reflection of the Twinned Parables ….…... 127 Chapter 6: SPR Stewardship Bible Study for Small Group Leaders ….........…… 139 Chapter 7: Analysis and Assessment of the Project Outcome with ……….….….. 184 Research Data Chapter 8: Transformational Stewardship for the Emerging Generation .....…...... 209 and Postmodern Church Chapter 9: Conclusion …………………….…………………………….………. 224 Appendices ……………………………………………………………….….…...... 228 Bibliography …………………………………………………………………..…..… 248

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INDEX OF GRAPHICS

Church Budgeting Trends ………………………………………………………...…. 8

Financial Ministry/Generosity Initiatives ……………………………..…...………… 9

Most Americans Have Been Personally Hit ....................................................…….…. 11

Many Americans Cut Contributions .............................................................................. 12

Americans’ Perceptions of the Economy Continue to Dim ………………………….. 13

Median Regular Church Giving Per Household for 2010 ……………………………. 14

Age distribution: U.S. population (Ages 14+) and PC(USA) members ………..……. 15

Creation Story of Genesis ……….……………………………………………………. 24

Institutionalization in Luke-Acts …………………………………………...………… 39

Major Biblical Covenants …………………………………………………………….. 52

Treatment of Wealth in the Bible .................................................................................. 56

Scriptures Concerning the Biblical Practice of the Tithe .............................................. 57

Three-fold Biblical Framework for Generous Giving ................................................... 64

Passages Identifying Recipients in New Testament ………………………………….. 65

The Path to Generosity ……………………………………………………………….. 68

Correlation of Soul Maturity and Use of Possessions ………………………………... 69

SPR Equations ............................................................................................................... 75

Four Structures of the Book of Genesis ........................................................................ 77

SPR before Creation ………………………………………………………………….. 77

Creation in Genesis 1:3-2:3 …………………………………………………………... 77

Declaration of the Creation ………………………………………………………...… 78

Genesis 3-11: Human Beings, However, Disobeyed the Word of God …..………….. 79

SPR in Genesis 12-50 ………………………………………………………………… 80

SPR in the Book of Exodus …………………………………………………………... 81

Five Central Scriptural Themes in Luke-Acts ………………………………………... 97

Parables of Jesus ……………………………………………………………………... 104

Jesus Teaching on Money and Possessions in Luke ..................................................... 109

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Two Purposes of Parables ……………………………………………………………. 116

Six Formats of How the Parables Function ................................................................... 117

Eight Basic Steps To Understand Parables of Jesus ..................................................... 117

Four General Questions To Identify the Central Truth ................................................. 118

Seven Specific Questions To Identify the Main Point .................................................. 118

Characteristics and Criticism of Three Hermeneutical Methodologies ……………… 120

Five Hermeneutical Guidelines for the Interpretation of Parables ................................ 121

New Hermeneutic Procedure ………………………………………………………… 123

Acts of SPR ................................................................................................................... 125

SPR Stewardship Lessons (SPRx=C//E) ..................................................................... 139

Yahoo Poll Result on Obligation to Pay Higher Taxes ................................................ 185

Annual Offerings of GGPC .......................................................................................... 187

SPR Stewardship Survey at GGPC (Age and Marital Status of Participants) ….……. 189

SPR Stewardship Survey Conducted at GGPC ……..........................................…….. 190

SPR Stewardship Survey Result from GGPC (Five Questions) …..………......……... 191

Detailed SPR Stewardship Survey Results of GGPC …………………………….….. 193

GGPC Membership and Financial Projection .............................................................. 195

Stewardship Survey Conducted from PC(USA) Churches in Sacramento .................. 196

Survey Result Graphic Data from PC(USA) Churches in Sacramento ........................ 198

Survey Result from PC(USA) Churches (Financial Condition of Your Church) ........ 199

Survey Result from PC(USA) Churches (Financial Stewardship Questions) .............. 200

Survey Result from PC(USA) Churches (Regular Stewardship Programs) ................. 201

Survey Result from PC(USA) Churches (How Often Preach About Stewardship) ...... 201

Survey Result from PC(USA) Churches (Areas of Ministry Interested) ..................... 202

Survey Result Graphic Data from Korean Pastors in Bay Area ................................... 203

Survey Result from Korean Pastors (Financial Condition) .......................................... 205

Survey Result from Korean Pastors (Financial Stewardship Question) ....................... 206

Survey Result from Korean Pastors (Areas of Ministry Interested) ............................. 207

Two Stewardship Models ............................................................................................. 212

Old Testament Context ................................................................................................ 247

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