Spotlight on the South A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the Region Bo Beaulieu, Southern...

Spotlight on the South

A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the

Region

Bo Beaulieu, Southern Rural Development Center

Outline of Presentation Population characteristics Family structure Poverty status Residential mobility patterns Economic features Educational status The so whats !!

Examining Population Changes

Population Changes,1990-2000

U.S. grew by 32.7 million persons, or 13.2%

Largest numerical increase in history

West region grew at the fastest rate (19.7%), followed by the South (17.3%)

The U.S. South has largest number of people, over 100 million persons

36% of the U.S. population now live in the South

Population Change Varies by State

For the first time in the 20th century, all U.S. states gained population

Nevada grew at the fastest pace : 66%

North Dakota grew the slowest: 0.5%

U.S. : 13.2%

Population Features of the Southern Region

Population of the Southern Region by Race & Ethnicity, 1990-2000

Group1990 2000 Perce

nt Change’90-’00

Number % Number %

Overall 77,597,917

100.0 91,776,331

100.0

18.3

White 59,779,737

77.0 66,929,689

72.9 12.0

Black 14,056,860

18.1 16,871,897

18.4 20.0

Hispanic 6,486,848 8.4 11,230,931

12.2 73.1

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Sources of Population Change by Race, 1990-

2000White Black Other

50.4%

19.9%

29.7%

Population Change in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of the South by

Race, 1990-2000

20.5

12.1 12.99.5

24.1

9.3

73.1 73

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Overall White Black Hispanic

Metro Nonmetro

Distribution of Population by Agein the South, 1990-2000

7.3 18.7 61.5 12.6

6.8 18.7 62 12.4

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1990

2000

Under 5 15 to 17 18 to 64 65 and over


Population Profile of the South by

by Age, 1990 & 2000

Age GroupYear Numerica

l Change1990 2000

Under 5 5,649,286 6,268,462 619,176

5 to 17 14,482,120

17,188,916

2,706,796

18-64 47,706,392

56,931,860

9,225,468

65 and over

9,760,119 11,387,093

1,626,974

Total 77,597,917

91,776,331

14,178,414


Percent Change in Population by Age Groupings, 1990-2000

11.0

18.7

19.3

16.7

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0

Under 5

5 to 17

18 to 64

65 and over


Percentage Growth Within Various Age Groupings in Metro & Nonmetro

Areas of the South,1990-2000

13.1

4.7

23.7

6

20.7

15.4

19.6

10.1

0

5

10

15

20

25

Under 5 18-64 65+

Metro Nonmetro

5-17

The Changing Structure of the Family

Structure of Family Households with Children Under 18 Years Old, 1990 &

2000

FamilyHouseholdType

1990 2000%

Change

No. % No. %

Married couple households

7,705,287

76.8 8,806,122

69.3 14.3

Male only headed households

382,120 3.8 812,020 6.4 112.5

Female only headed households

1,941,463

19.4 3,080,934

24.3 58.7Source: U.S. Census Bureau

Family Structure of Metro and Nonmetro Families With Kids

Under 18 in the South, 1990 and 2000

76.4

3.919.7

77.9

3.918.4

69.4

6.324.3

69.3

6.524.2

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Metro Nonmetro Metro Nonmetro

Married Couple Male headed Female headed

1990 2000

Shifts in Family Structure in the South’s Metro and Nonmetro

Areas, 1990-2000

29.9

4.5

113.9108.5

60.254.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Married Couple

Male Headed

Female Headed

Metro Nonmetro

Structure of Family Households with Children Under 18 in 2000,

by Race and Ethnicity

78.7 5.6 15.7

45.3 6.9 47.8

74.4 6.8 18.7

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

White

Black

Hispanic

Married Couple Single Male Headed Single Female Headed

Poverty Status of Individuals

Percent of Population Below Poverty by Race and Ethnicity,

1990 & 2000

28.4

23.1

33.3

16.111.5

26.4

12.4 10.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Overall White Black Hispanic

1990 2000

Number of Persons in Poverty,1990 & 2000

GroupYear Numerical

Change1990 2000

White 6,715,377 6,811,078 95,701

Black 4,489,669 4,247,753 -241,916

Hispanic 1,807,293 2,533,139 725,846

Overall 12,182,404

12,635,394

452,990


Poverty Shifts in Metro and Nonmetro Areas of the South,

1990-2000

GroupMetropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Number Percent Number Percent

Overall 730,357 9.3 - 277,367

- 6.5

White 265,815 6.4 - 170,114

- 6.7

Black - 40,522

- 1.4 - 201,394

- 13.3

Hispanic

631,023 42.2 94,823 30.2

Residential Mobility Patterns

Mobility Pattern of the Southern Region’s Population 5 and Over, 1990-

2000

Residential Location

Year Change

1990 2000No. %No. % No. %

Overall population 5 +

71,948,631

100 88,507,869 100 13,559,238 18.8

Same house as 5 years ago

37,011,510

51.4 44,501,336 52.0 7,489,826 20.2

Different house, same county

18,128,508

25.2 20,727,263 24.2 2,598,755 14.3

Different house and county, same state

7,385,031 10.3 9,226,972 10.8 1,841,941 24.9

Different state 8,238,849 11.5 8,732,079 10.2 493,230 6.0

Different country

1,184,733 1.6 2,320,219 2.7 1,135,486 95.8

Mobility Patterns in Metro & Nonmetro Areas, 1990 &

2000

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1990 2000 1990 2000

Same house Diff house/ same co. Diff co./ same stateDifferent state Different country

Nonmetro Metro

Change in Residential Location by Metro & Nonmetro Areas,

1990-2000

Residential Location

Metro NonmetroNumber %

Change

Number %Chang

e

Same house 6,159,081

24.1 1,330,745

11.6

Diff. House same county

2,397,696

17.4 201,059 4.6

Diff. County, same state

1,286,611

23.7 555,330 28.2

Different state

307,497 4.5 185,733 12.7

Different country

974,493 91.3 160,993 136.8

The Economic Features of the Region

Type of Industries Classified by Each Sector

Goods Producing Farm Agricultural

Services Mining Manufacturing Construction

Service Producing Transportation and

Public Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance, Insurance

and Real Estate Services Government and

Government Enterprises

The Industrial Profile of Full and Part-Time Jobs in the South,1990 and 2000

23.9

76.1

20.6

79.4

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1990 2000

Goods Producing Service Producing

Source: Regional Economic Information System (REIS)

Proportion of New Full and Part-Time Jobs Generated by Each Sector, 1990-

2000

0 20 40 60 80 100

Goods Producing

ServiceProducing

91.6 %

Source: Regional Economic Information System (REIS)

8.4 %

Commute to Work by Labor Force Living in the South, 1990-2000

Location of Workforce Employment

Year Change

1990 2000No. %No. % No. %

In the workforce 35,172,33

6100 41,038,70

2100 5,866366 16.

7

Work in county of residence

26,791,818

76.2 29,673,945

72.3 2,882,127

10.8

Work in state, outside county

7,344,257 20.9 10,130,210

24.7 2,785,943

37.9

Work outside state of residence

1,036,251 2.9 1,234,547 3.0 198,296 19.1


Commute to Work by Metro & Nonmetro Workforce, 1990 &

2000

76.9 20.2 2.9

73.6 22.9 3.2

73.6 23.6 2.8

68 28.4 3.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Metro

Nonmetro

Metro

Nonmetro

County of Residence State, outside county Outside state

2000

1990

Place of Work of the Expanded Workforce over the 1990-2000

Period

Metropolitan Nonmetropolitan

Net new workers

4,807,474 1,058,892

Work in county of residence

55.4 % 20.6 %

Work in state, outside county

42.0 % 72.4 %

Outside state 2.6 % 6.9 %

Educational Credentials of the Region

Educational Attainment of Adults 25+ Years Old in the South, 1990 & 2000

29.1 28.9 18.4

5.4

18.2

22.6 28.6 21.1

5.7

22.1

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1990

2000

LT H.S. H.S. Only Some College Assoc. Degree Bachelors or Higher


Changes in the Educational Status of Adults 25 and Over,

1990-2000

Attainment Level

1990 2000 Numerical

Change

Percent Change

Less than High School

14,333,066

13,411,000

- 922,066

- 6.4

High School Only

14,201,700

16,969,652

2,767,952

19.3

Some College 9,055,343 12.484,416

3,429,073

37.9

Associate’s Degree

2,635,482 3,353,708

718,226 27.3

Bachelor’s Degree or higher

8,977,933 13,074,388

4,096,455

45.6


Educational Attainment of Adults 25 and Over by Race and Ethnicity, 1990-2000

42.2

27.5

15.8

4.510

30.6

30.5

20.8

5.113

49.6

21

14.2

4.810.4

46.2

21.8

15.5

4.312.1

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1990 2000 1990 2000

LT H.S. H.S. Only Some College Assoc. Degree Bachelors or Higher

African Americans HispanicsSource: U.S. Census Bureau

Educational Status of Metro and Nonmetro Southerners,

1990 and 2000

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1990

2000

1990

2000

LT HS HS Some college Associates Bachelors +Nonmetro

Metro

Educational Status of Metro & Nonmetro Southerners by Race,

2000

27.1

29.3

22.8

5.7

15.1

40.7

33.8

153.56.9

44.6

21.7

16.1

4.613

57.8

22.7

112.55.9

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Metro Blacks NM Blacks MetroHispanics

NM Hispanics

LT HS High School Some College Associates Bachelors +

What’s the RD Story? Dramatic rise in the influx of

Latinos into the region (+ 73% during the decade). Rural communities will be challenged to: Accept and embrace cultural differences Expand bilingual language capacity in key

service areas (education, health services, public safety services, etc.)

Address housing needs of this growing segment of the population

What’s the Story? Healthy growth occurring in all

age groups. Impact on the rural South? Strong demand will exist for the

provision of key services for youth and senior citizens

Healthy growth of working age population places increased pressure on rural areas to focus on job generation strategies.

What’s the Story? Family structure continues to become

more complex Nonmetro areas no longer more likely to have

married couple families when contrasted with metro areas (both around 69%).

Rapid growth of single-headed families will place pressure for expanded family support systems to be in place (child care, after school programs, community recreation activities).

African American families at greatest risk with over 52 % of families with kids are headed by a single parent.

What’s the Story? Poverty rates have improved during the

1990s, but rates are now on the upswing About half of the growth in the South’s

population growth in the ’90s is linked to growth of minority groups

These are the very groups at highest risk of falling into poverty

These demographic groups will continue to be the drivers of population growth in the region

What efforts must be developed to assist low-wealth individuals and families in the rural South?

What’s the Story? Sizable % increases

in the the in-migration of individuals from different counties in a state, or from different countries. What is driving this increase? What are rural communities doing to respond?

What’s the Story? Economy and Jobs:

Traditional base of the nonmetro South’s economy is declining, replaced by service producing sector jobs. What are the pluses and minuses for rural areas?

Decline of basic industries Job quality Earnings Benefits Security

Need for new economic development strategies beyond business/industry attraction approaches

What’s the Story? Economy and Jobs:

Sizable outflow of nonmetro workers in the South to work sites outside their county or state of residence. Is this:

A lifestyle preference or economic necessity? Daily daily outflow of people to other areas is

likely to have negative impact on social capital resources, civic engagement, family life, local businesses.

Multi-county economic development planning seems logical in light of the regional labor market that appears to be in place.

What’s the Story? Education has improved in the rural

South, but some RD challenges remain. Many individuals completing “some education”

beyond high school, but only a fraction of these individuals are securing an associate’s degree.

The 42 percent growth in the number of persons with a bachelor’s degree or higher in the rural South.

linked to the economy of the region? due to the net migration of individuals who possess better

human capital attributes? Educational progress and expanded training

targeted to racial and ethnic minorities vital to the economic health of the rural South.

Thank You ! !

Spotlight on the South A Demographic and Socioeconomic Profile of the Region Bo Beaulieu, Southern...

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